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INTRODUCTION
the surface of our planet and in living organisms. It has very specific
properties which are responsible for its very broad utilisation in nature
and our daily life. The water crisis is a health crisis. According to World
Filipinos die prematurely from such diseases due to poor water system of
Outside Manila far fewer people have access to clean water distribution.
worse. Some people rely on wells or even on rivers for their supply of
Due to the demand for safe and potable water supply an influx of
purified water refilling stations has come into picture. These water
stations, because most Filipinos do not drink from the tap because they
are particular about the taste of their drinking water, and because
internal household pipes are often left unmonitored, but these also fail to
source of safe drinking water in the Philippines. Purified water can meet
odor and color. The efficient water purification processes can make the
monitored.
In Western Visayas out of the 504 water refilling station, only 154
sans the necessary health inspection. DOH records show that of the 113
registered water refilling stations in Iloilo City, only 23 have secured the
pointed out that drinking bottled water does not guarantee safety, most
of these lack safety seals. “We should not wait for things to happen
before agencies concerned look into the matter of water refilling stations
the warning. On-site tests showed that some refilling stations use
devices.
Bacolod, too, has its share of the problem. Of the city’s 104
permits. It’s worse in Aklan where only four of 28 water refilling stations
Guimaras, on the other hand, have five registered water refilling stations
but only two are equipped with the necessary sanitary permits.
operate.
source of raw water while in other areas they opt to use private deep
refilling stations can produce 3,000 to 12,000 liters of purified water per
they can do to make their water stations clean and safe drinking water
to be that while DOH officials have aired warnings about the need for
health certification before business permits are issued to water refilling
stations, how come so many are operating? In this case, if in other parts
of the country such problems exist it is possible that these problems also
the Local Government Unit (LGU) enforcing that they submit a monthly
clean and safe to drink. Also, to increase the level of compliance to the
Conceptual Framework
Operational Propose a
Performance of Purified
strategic plan
Water Refilling Station
in San Fernando, La requiring each
A
Union in terms of: water refilling
a) Compliance with descriptive
stations in
sanitary permit
research method
b) Maintenance of San
for collecting data
filtering machines Fernando, La
c) Sources of water was employed
Union to
supply
through
d) Quality of ‘purified’ submit
questionnaires
water concerning the monthly water
following structures: and interviews to
analysis
Potable water
the owner and
analysis by containing all
staff of the
seeking their the necessary
certificates for purified water
scope to
water testing;
refilling stations.
Handling process; ensure the
purified water refilling stations with the set standards by the Department
b) Handling process;
drinking water yet not all bottled water does guarantee safety, they may
also fail to provide quality assurance. Thus, this study aims to know the
and informed about the source of their drinking water which is only from
registered water refilling stations who consistently and fully comply with
Water (PNSDW).
health standards.
The Local Government Unit may use this study to make an action
plan about ensuring that all the Water Refilling Stations will submit a
To give the readers a clearer idea and explanation of this study, the
and condensation with high purity. Many impurities have been removed
Water Refilling Stations. This refers to the selling for profit either
Foreign Literature
consumer goods, has been reduced to a low level for much of the world
since the Industrial Revolution, the abundance of the goods and services
use, mainly due to rising demand in the industrial and domestic sectors.
Over 2 billion people experience severe water scarcity during at least one
month of the year. Stress levels will continue to increase as demand for
(unwater.org/publications/world-water-development-report-2019)
some parts of the world, especially the developing countries, are already
suffering from the lack of clean water supply, which is originated from
been considered as a public and social good for years with the arguments
that every human being needs water to survive and everyone is supposed
WHO & UNICEF 2005). Sripad and Osberg (2010) suggest that water has
no close substitute and it is vital for life, which gives it a less elastic
demand than the demand for other goods. However, the wide recognition
et.al, 2012) and that water is usually misused when the users are not
value in exchange while it has great value in use unlike a diamond with
water signifies that the issue are now to be addressed using multiple
(Kanbur, 2007).
The ADB approved the new Water Policy in 2001 that considers
water as “socially vital economic good”, and this has led water sector
not the only way that water is treated as an economic good. Having a
and Newman (2013) suggest that the expansion of bottled water changes
the prospects for piped water and that the growth of this relatively new
commodity creates a more serious effect in the long term than that
pipe water, branded bottled water and WRSs) are available for the use of
the consumers in Jakarta; the natural water resources (rivers, lakes and
groundwater) are neither abundant nor safe for drinking. The case of
WRSs is especially of importance in such cases where the majority of the
water supply, rather than tap water that has been privately managed and
Local Literature
places, piped-water systems are lacking; and in other areas, people are
Outside Manila far fewer people have access to clean water distribution.
these areas.
To address the said water-related problems a solution has
sources, where consumers would bring containers and fill them for a per-
Demand is such that most stores now offer home delivery for regular
customers.
Most shops produce between 3,000 and 12,000 liters of water per
entire industry.
water shops, the system does not address the long-term water delivery
Philippines shows that the risk of contamination is high for those who
get their supply from local refilling stations. There’s a great risk of
refilling stations in two major cities in the Metro do not comply with the
total 441 of the 630 surveyed licensed refilling stations did not fully meet
is not in the purified water, but how your container is received, washed,
handle your containers. All too often, contamination can happen anytime
required by law, all water refilling stations must abide with the following:
1. Prescribed Standards and Procedures
2. Permits
most important of which is the Sanitary Permit. To get this, they need to
obtain a satisfactory rating from the local health office. They’ll need to
merit a 5-point deduction. That means they still have a good chance of
passing the sanitary inspection even if their water tested positive for
The DOH also has certain rules for handling, refilling, and
and other microbes. Water and dishwashing soap are not enough to
4. Station Operations
refilling tasks to wear protective gear, and not just casual wear, or worse,
sando and shorts. The staff at your local refilling station should be
6. Bottled Water
Many water refilling stations sell water in pre-packaged, often
small bottles. This, however, is not allowed, per the Food and Drug
only from licensed and well-maintained refilling stations that fully and
water purification system cleans water right before you drink it,
containers. Some uses germ kill technology that gets rid of harmful
for cleaner water, starting a water refilling station business becomes one
water at a lower price. For example, the current price per gallon of
gallon container or about P 2.50 to P 6.00 per liter while the bottled
Water Company for their source of raw water while in other areas they
opt to use private deep wells. The “potable water” supplied by the
litres of purified water per day. In previous years, most of the people were
station directly to the people’s home. Aqua Sure, a water refilling station
in Metro Manila, can deliver 5,500 gallons (25,000 litres) a day to its
members.
Presidential Decree No. 856 (PD 856) or the Sanitation Code of the
in 1999.
by the local health office. The national standards for drinking water
350291519-Water-Refilling-Station-Study )
CHAPTER III
Research Design
Fernando City, La Union. Such method is best suited for this study since
Sources of Data
The respondents in the study are the owners and staff of each
La union.
National Standards for Drinking Water prescribed by DOH. The said code
is one of the tools where owners and staff must comply on it and the
standards.
Moreover, to evaluate the operational performance of the water
how to answer the questionnaire. Each owner and staff will be given a
complete copy of the said material. They will be given clear direction on
the topic to be tackled for the day. The researcher will be supervised the
owner and staff while they are reading the material until they will be
the owner and staff to write a specific page to answer their queries. After,
analyzed.
water refilling stations. Since the said tools are to be adopted, these are
equivalents.
The following are the various statistical limits to quantify the data
values:
Analysis 2013.
The Output
monthly water analysis to ensure the safety of their products. The results
and findings of this study were used to propose a plan that the stations
Ethical Considerations
approval and will not force any individual to answer the questionnaires.
being conducted.