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Mbube
Cultural origins 1930s, South Africa
Regional scenes
Ladysmith
Background
In Johannesburg, Solomon Linda, a man
from Natal, created one of the most
famous African songs, "Mbube", which
eventually became its own genre. In 1933
Linda began singing with a group of
friends called the Evening Birds. In 1939
they recorded a few tracks for Gallo
Records when Linda improvised the first
15 notes of a song they called "Mbube".
The success of this song led to the
conception of a whole new genre,
characterized by a loud and powerful
cappella four part harmony, accompanied
by dancing. The song was later made
internationally famous, by The Weavers as
"Wimoweh" in 1948 and then as "The Lion
Sleeps Tonight" by the Tokens in 1961.
Miriam Makeba's recording of "The Lion
Sleeps Tonight" in the 1960s helped
popularize the genre and establish the
singing tradition. But it was Robert John’s
rendition of “The Lion Sleeps Tonight” that
is the most well-known, reaching #3 on the
US charts, and selling more than one
million copies for which he was awarded a
gold disc by the Recording Industry
Association of America.
References
1. http://isizulu.net
Sources
Mbube Roots, Rounder Records #5025
AMARYONI Artist Biography African
Cream Music, Johannesburg, South
Africa. Accessed 14 November 2008
Broughton, Simon, and Kim Burton.
World Music: the Rough Guide. London:
Rough Guides, 1994. Print
Malan, Rian. "In the Jungle". Rolling
Stone. 25 May 2000. Web. "Africa". Def.
5. Southern Africa. Credo Reference.
Harvard Dictionary of Music, 2003. Web.
31 Mar. 2011.
<http://www.credoreference.com/entry/
harvdictmusic/africa >.
Johnson, Keith. "Mbube". All Music. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 31 Mar. 2011.
<http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style
/mbube-d704 >.
Wassel, Deborah. "From Mbube to
Wimoweh: African Folk Music in Dual
Systems of Law". Fordham Intellectual
Property, Media & Entertainment Law
Journal XX.1 (2009): 290–326. Fordham
Law Blog. Web. 31 Mar. 2011.
<http://iplj.net/blog/wp-
content/uploads/2010/01/C05_Wassel_
123009_FINAL.pdf >.
Further reading
Erlmann, Veit, "'Horses in the Race
Course': The Domestication of Ingoma
Dancing in South Africa, 1929–39" ,
Popular Music, Vol. 8, No. 3, African
Music (Oct., 1989), pp. 259–273.
Cambridge University Press. Nightsong:
Power, Performance, and Practice in
South Africa. University of Chicago
Press (1995)
https://books.google.com/books?
id=FcNIuMDsEV8C&printsec=frontcove
r.
Frith, Simon, Popular music: critical
concepts in media and cultural studies,
Volume 4 , London : Routledge, 2004.
ISBN 978-0-415-33270-5. Cf. p.271
Xulu, M.K., "The Re-emergence of
Amahubo Songs, Styles and Ideas in
Modern Zulu Musical Styles". PhD
dissertation, University of Natal. 1992
Mbube website official
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