BASIC PHYSICS 1

“SCALE IN PHYSICS”

ARRANGED BY:

LUH MIA KRISNADEWI / 1713021006/IA

COKORDA WULAN PRAMESTHIARI / 1713021009/IA
I GST. NGR. KADE ARYA WIRASUTA /1713021016 / IA
NI MADE EMA MAHARANI / 1713021019/IA
I PUTU RAKA NATA /1713021022 / IA

PHYSICS EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION GANESHA
SINGARAJA
2017

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 FOREWORD

By giving thanks to God Almighty because thanks to His grace finally

writer can finish paper which is called "KALOR (Expansion and Transfer of
Substance)" is on time.
On this occasion, the author wishes to express his sincere gratitude and
greatest care to all those who have paid attention, encouragement and moral
assistance.
The author is fully aware that this paper is far from perfect, therefore the
author desperately needs constructive suggestions, responses, or criticisms for the
perfection of this paper and for the perfection of the next paper.
Hope authors hope this paper can be useful for us all.

Singaraja, October 21th, 2017

Author

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE OF PAGE........................................................................ i

FOREWORD............................................................................. ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................... iii

CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY

1.1 Background of Problem.................................................. 1

1.2 Problem Formulation...................................................... 1

1.3 Objectives........................................................................ 2

1.4 Benefits...................................................................... 2

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION
2.1 Amounts of Principles and Derivatives......................... 3
2.2 The excellence of SI and unit conversion......................... 4
2.3 Dimension..................................................................... 6
2.4 Dimensional Analysis in Physics................................... 6
CHAPTER III CONCLUSION
3.1 Conclusion................................................................... . 8
3.2 Suggestion.......................................................................... . 8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
1.1 Background of Problem
The basic concept of physics is that all knowledge must be tested by
experiments or observations. Observation is usually a quantitative observation or
measurement of a physical quantity (Rapi, 2017: 1).
In general the quantity (physical quantity) is something that can be
expressed by a number or value. To be able to understand and understand physics
well, it must start from learning the basic concepts needed in physics. The basic
concepts are very important is the physical quantities and units (Arkundato: 1).
Physical quantity itself can be divided into two, namely the amount of principal
and the magnitude of derivatives. The principal quantity is the amount of which
the unit has been defined or defined first. While the amount of the derivative is the
amount of which the unit is derived from the unit of principal quantity.
In the surrounding environment is usually often found units that are not
standard. For example, long units selected “depa” or span (jengkal). The unit is
not standard because it does not have the same size for different people. One span
of another adult with one span of children. That is why span and “depa” are not
standard units in physics measurement. It was for these reasons that the scientists
conducted a large-scale research. In this system of units, there are seven quantities
called the principal quantities.
Based on the description above, make the author feel interested to make a
paper on the topic of the magnetic scale so that later can add insight and
contribute ideas or ideas to the readers in general.

1.2 Problem Formulation

The problems that can be formulated for later sought discussion is as follows:
1. What is the understanding and explanation of the principal amount and the
magnitude of the derivative in physics?
2. What are the benefits of SI and Unit Conversion?
3. How does Dimension mean?
4. How to analyze Dimension in physics?

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1.3 Objectives
The objectives are expected to be achieved by the author, as follows:
1. In order to know and understand the meaning and explanation of the principal
amount and the magnitude of the derivative in physics.
2. To know what are the benefits of SI and Unit Conversion.
3. To know and understand the Dimensions.
4. To know how to analyze Dimensions in physics.

1.4 Benefits
The benefits that can be obtained either by the author or read are as follows:
From the writing of this paper, it is expected to provide the benefits described
below.
1. Readers generally become understandable and understand about matters
relating to the magnitude and magnitude of the derivative, the superiority of
SI and the Conversion of units, dimensions, and how to analyze the
dimensions in physics which are discussions of magnitudes in physics.
2. For writers in particular can contribute his thoughts on the topic of
understanding and explanation of the principal amount and the magnitude of
derivatives, the advantage of SI and Unit Conversion, dimensions, and how to
analyze the dimensions in physics which is the discussion of the magnitude in
physics so that later can be useful for many people

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

2.1 Amounts of Principles and Derivatives

The main form of physics is the quantities used to express the laws of
physics, for example: length, mass, time, force, speed, temperature and many
others. The things mentioned above are things that we often hear in our daily life.
In physics the existing quantities are called physical quantities because the
bsearan is already defined. Magnitude is needed to define the existing concepts of
physics. The quantity is the result of agreement in the International System (SI).
In physics there are two magnitudes namely the principal amount and the
magnitude of the derivative.
The principal amount is the quantity that becomes the basis of the other
quantity (derived quantity). The General Conference on Weights and Measures 14
(1971) of the international committee establishes seven basic or fundamental
values of length, mass, time, electric current, temperature, number of substances,
and light intensity each having different units and symbols.

Table of Principal Amount:

No Magnitude Unit abbreviation dimensions

1 Mass Kilogram Kg M
2 Lenght Meter m L
3 Time Sekon s T
4 Temperature Kelvin K θ
5 strong currents Ampere A I
6 Light intensity Candela Cd J
7 amount of substance Mole mol N

The amount of the derivative is the amount obtained from the decrease of
the principal amount. What it means to lower is to calculate the principal amount
with the other principal amount. Derivative quantities can usually be seen in the
results of calculating physical concepts such as computation of forces produced

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by objects. The force is the product of the mass of the object with the resulting
acceleration or can be formulated as F = m x a, where F is the force, m is the
mass, and a is the acceleration, resulting in a quantity called Newton or Kg m / s2.
Since the magnitude of the derivatives is the result of the completion of the
equations of physics concepts, the magnitudes of the world are numerous, seeing
that the concepts of physics are numerous. Here are some examples of the
common derivatives we see in everyday life.

Table of derivative quantities

Derived Unit
in basic units
Quantities Unit Name Symbol
Large Meter square m/s2 m2
Volume Meter Cubed m3 m3
Speed Meter per sekon m/s m/s
Kilogram per
Density kg/m3 Kg/m3
meter cubed
Force Newton N Kg.m/s2
energy and effort Joule J Kg.m2/s2
Power Watt W Kg.m2/s3
pressure Pascal Pa Kg/(m.s2)
frequency Herzt Hz S1
electrical charge Coulomb C A.s
electric potential Volt V Kg.m2/(A.s3)
electrical
Ohm Ω Kg.m2/(A2.s3)
resistance
capacitance Farad F A2.s4/kg.m2
magnetic field Tesla T Kg/(A.s2)
magnetic flux Wb Wb Kg.m2/(A.s2)
inductance H H Kg.m2/(A2.s2)

2.2 The excellence of SI and unit conversion

The quantity that is now often used in our daily life is the amount agreed
by the International System. The agreed-upon quantities are in accordance with its
name, that is used in International or Universal, so wherever we do the
measurements then the results we get it will still be used. In addition, because it
has been universally agreed, it must have been agreed to use the simplest possible,

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ie the decline of units into other units through the completion of simple equations,
such as obtaining the force through the multiplication of the mass with the
acceleration, which produces a derivative of Newton.
Also, in the rendering of results and conversions to smaller ones, it is
easier to use because of the multiple of ten, for example in terms of 0.001 m, can
be made into 10-3 N, which in which the -3 rank represents the number of
numbers behind the comma of that value.
Another thing in the advantage of using SI is that one unit will be the same
in every use, such as the use of energy quantity ie Joule, while the energy there
are many types of potential, kinetic, mechanical and the type still use Joule as a
unit. These are advantages of using SI.
Unit Conversion is to change a unit with another unit that has a value that
is considered equivalent. Unit conversions can be done from one system to
another, eg from the English system to the international system.
Unit conversion generally means changing the value of a unit system to
another unit value. Unit conversions generally never change the value of a
quantity. Unit conversions can be done in the same unit system as well as in
different unit systems.
Conversion unit in the same system for example we want to change one
unit in the international system to another unit in the same system. In this
conversion unit conversion may use conversion factors or with the help of
conversion ladder.
Unit conversion in different unit systems means that we will convert or
convert values from a particular unit system to another unit system. For example
from the English system to the international system or vice versa. Unit changes
like this can be done using unit conversion factors.

Example of unit conversion in one system:

Given the volume of a tube is 1 Liter. State the volume of the tube in m3!
1 Liter equivalent to 1 dm3, then:
1L = 1 dm3
1 dm3 = 1/1000 m3

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1 dm3 = 0.001 m3 or 10-3 m3
Examples of unit conversions in different systems:
It is known that the length of a rope is 20 inches. What is the length of the rope in
the international system?
1 inch = 2.54 cm, then:
20 inches = 20 x 2.54 cm
20 inches = 50.8 cm, and 1 cm = 10-2 m, then:
50.8 cm = 50.8 x 10-2 m
50.8 cm = 0.58 m or 5.08 x 10-1 m
2.3 Dimension
Physics quantity has another indentity that is called the dimension.
Dimensions are symbols that represent a physical quantity. The quantity that has
dimension is the fundamental quantity or the basic quantity in physics, while for
the dimension of its dimension depends on the principal value which is the origin
of the decline. The dimension of the derivative is a combination of the dimensions
of the principal quantities, since we know that the magnitude of the derivative is a
decrease of the principal value, it can be concluded that its dimension is also a
combination of the dimensions of the principal.

Here is the dimension of the SI principal.

No Magnitude abbreviation dimensions
1 Mass Kg M
2 Lenght m L
3 Time s T
4 Temperature K θ
5 strong currents A I
6 Light intensity Cd J
amount of
7 mol N
substance

2.4 Dimensional Analysis in Physics

Dimensions in physics are obtained from the analysis. Dimensional
analysis is a way of understanding the physical state that occurs on different
physical quantities. Dimensional analysis is used to determine accuracy in

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decreasing equations. Because in the equation there are quantities of principal that
have dimensions, then in addition to the amount of the principal is calculated, the
dimensions of the magnitude are also resolved in accordance with existing rules.
For example if the magnitude is multiplied, then the dimension is also multiplied,
or if the quantity is divided, then the dimensions are also divided. The nature of
dimension is equal to the nature of magnitude, seeing that the dimension is the
identity of the symbol representing a quantity. For example, if it is a mass
quantity, then it can only be increased or decreased by other mass as well, or if
multiplied by mass quantity it will be squared, or if divided then the quantity will
be lost and become a regular number. Neither is the dimension that will follow
how the results of the magnitude completed earlier.

An example of solving equations and determining their dimensions.

Known objects of mass 5 kg move with acceleration 10 m / s2. Compute the
resulting force and dimension if it hits another object!
Style = F
F =mxa
F = 5 kg x 10 m / s2
F = 50 kg m / s2 or 50 N
Dimension Analysis
F=mxa
F = kg x m / s2
F = M ∙ LT ^ (- 2)
F = MLT ^ (- 2)
So F or force with unit N or kg m / s2, the dimension is MLT ^ (- 2)

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 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
3.1 Conclusion
Based on the discussion that has been described above it can be drawn
some conclusions are as follows:
1. The principal amount is the quantity that becomes the basis of other
quantities (derived quantities). There are seven basic or basic values of
length, mass, time, electric current, temperature, number of substances,
and light intensity each having different units and symbols. While the
amount of the derivative is the amount obtained from the result of
decreasing the principal amount. Examples are speed, breadth, style, and
so on.
2. SI excellence among which is where we do the measurement of the results
we get it will still be used, the form is as simple as possible. While unit
conversion is to change a unit with another unit that has a value that is
considered equivalent.
3. Dimensions are symbols that represent a physical quantity. The quantity
that has dimension is the fundamental quantity or the basic quantity in
physics, while for the dimension of its dimension depends on the principal
value which is the origin of the decline.
4. Dimensional analysis is a way of understanding the physical state that
occurs on different physical sizes. Dimensional analysis is used to
determine accuracy in decreasing equations. Because in the equation there
are quantities of principal that have dimensions, then in addition to the
amount of the principal is calculated, the dimensions of the magnitude are
also resolved in accordance with existing rules.
3.2 Suggestion
The little advice from the author, namely in the world of education, the
higher level traversed the more complex the demands obtained in learning, but
should be in learning must be accompanied by a strong spirit and determination
and never give up. And the first thing we must do is to involve God on all the
problems we face.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Arkudanto, A.Pengukuran.Modul 1.
Rapi, Ni Ketut.2017.Laboratorium Fisika 1. Depok: PT Raja Grafindo Persada.
Tipler, Paul A.1998.Fisika untuk Sains dan Tekhnik.Jakarta: Erlangga.

Walker, James S.2014.Pearson New International Edition, Physich. United

States of America: Pearson Education.