Final Structural Report

Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building
Report for Structural Analysis and Design
By
BHAIRAHAWA ENGINEERING AND BUILDERS PVT. LTD.
SIDDHARTHANAGAR - 8, RUPANDEHI
Owner: - Mr. Sanjay Shrestha Page 1

Table of Contents
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 7
2. Seismic Vulnerability of Nepal ............................................................................................................... 7
3. Philosophy of Seismic Design ................................................................................................................ 8
4. Building Description ................................................................................................................................. 8
5. Structural System ..................................................................................................................................... 9
6. Location of the Site .................................................................................................................................. 9
7. Preliminary Design ................................................................................................................................... 9
8. Weights and loads on building: ............................................................................................................ 12
9. Lateral Load estimation according to IS 1893:2002 ......................................................................... 13
10. Load Cases and Combinations ........................................................................................................ 19
11. Finite Element modeling and analysis of building using ETABS vs 18.0.0 ............................... 20
12. Loading on structural system ............................................................................................................ 22
13. Design of structural members .......................................................................................................... 29
14. Concluding Remarks.......................................................................................................................... 41
ANNEX ............................................................................................................................................................ 43
Reference Codes........................................................................................................................................... 76
SUMMARY OF THE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ....................................................................................... 77

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Auto lateral loads to stories (EQX) ............................................................................................. 15
Figure 2 Auto lateral loads to stories (EQY) ............................................................................................. 16
Figure 3 Story Shears (EQX) ....................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 4 Story Shears (EQY) ....................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 5 Finite element model of building ................................................................................................. 20
Figure 6 First mode - Time period = 0.673sec .......................................................................................... 21
Figure 7 Second mode - Time period = 0.651 sec ................................................................................... 21
Figure 8 Third mode - Time period = 0.605 sec ....................................................................................... 22
Figure 9 Wall Loading ................................................................................................................................... 22
Figure 10 Loading due to floor finish .......................................................................................................... 23
Figure 11 Live load ........................................................................................................................................ 23
Figure 12 Maximum Story Displacement (EQX) ...................................................................................... 25
Figure 13 Maximum Story Displacement (EQY) ...................................................................................... 26
Figure 14 Maximum Story Drifts (EQX) ..................................................................................................... 27
Figure 15 Maximum Story Drifts (EQY) ..................................................................................................... 28
Figure 16 Reinforcement details of Story 1 for beam obtained from ETABS vs 18.0.0 ..................... 30
Figure 17 Reinforcement details of Story 2 for beam obtained from ETABS vs 18.0.0 ................................. 31
Figure 20 Typical Beam name on Etabs with their sizes ................................................................................. 34
Figure 21 Longitudinal Reinforcement required of column of GRID A-A as per ETABS vs 18.0.0 .. 36
Figure 22 Longitudinal Reinforcement required of column of GRID B-B as per ETABS vs 18.0.0 .. 37
Figure 23 Longitudinal Reinforcement required of column of GRID C-C as per ETABS vs 18.0.0 . 38

Figure 24 Longitudinal Reinforcement required of column of GRID D-D as per ETABS vs 18.0.0 . 39
Figure 25 Longitudinal Reinforcement required of column of GRID E-E as per ETABS vs 18.0.0 .. 40
Figure 26 Column and Footing Details for Construction ......................................................................... 90

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Building Load as Calculated by ETABS vs 18.0.0 ..................................................................... 13
Table 2 Auto lateral loads to stories from ETAB 18.0.0 .......................................................................... 14
Table 3 Story shears from ETAB 18.0.0 .................................................................................................... 14
Table 4 MODAL MASS PARTICIPATING RATIO ................................................................................... 44
Table 5 Design of Isolated Foundation ...................................................................................................... 45
Table 6 DESIGN OF SLAB .......................................................................................................................... 47
Table 7 P-DELTA CHECK FOR ETABS MODEL TO BE CONSIDERED OR NOT? ............................... 48
Table 8 USING STIFFNESS (SOFT STOREY CHECK)............................................................................... 50
Table 9 USING DRIFT (SOFT STOREY CHECK) ....................................................................................... 51

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN
This report comprises the summary of the design of the building of Mr. Sanjay Shrestha,
Siddharthanagar Municipality-4 , Rupandehi. The report consists of the design procedures adopted,
the assumptions made, the inputs made in the design and the design output. During the design, it is
assumed that the client will completely follow the architectural as well as the structural design. It is
also assumed that the construction will be supervised by a professional engineer.
The designer will not be responsible if any alterations to the structural system is made by the client
or the contractor without the prior written permission from the designer, or the alterations to the non-
structural system is made such that the weight of each individual floor or the weight of the building
is altered by more than 10% of the design weight of each floor and the total weight.
The design calculations and the derivations are limited to only a minimum to let the concerned people
know the methodology adopted. However, the calculations may be provided to the client or the
concerned authorities when needed, upon request.
DESIGNED BY
BHAIRAHAWA ENGINEERING AND BUILDERS PVT. LTD.
SIDDHARTHANAGAR - 8, RUPANDEHI
CONTACT NO: - 071-525010, 9857011086

1. Introduction
The basic aim of the structural design is to build a structure, which is safe, fulfilling the intended
purpose during its estimated life span, economical in terms of initial and maintenance cost, durable
and also maintaining a good aesthetic appearance.
A building is considered to be structurally sound, if the individual elements and the building as a
whole satisfy the criteria for strength, stability and serviceability and in seismic areas additional
criteria for ductility and energy absorption capabilities. The overall building must be strong enough
to transfer all loads through the structure to the ground without collapsing or losing structural integrity
by rupture of the material at the critical sections, by transformation of the whole or parts into
mechanisms or by instability.
Failure of one structural element (e.g., due to explosions or collisions) should not cause
progressive collapse of the entire structure. Such a building will normally have alternate load
paths or mechanisms to transfer loads safely to the foundation.
2. Seismic Vulnerability of Nepal
Nepal is located in the boundary of two colliding tectonic plates, namely, the Indian Plate (Indo-
Australian Plate) and the Tibetan Plate (Eurasian Plate). The Indian Plate is constantly moving under
the Tibetan Plate causing many minor and major earthquakes in this region. As a result, Nepal has
witnessed many major as well as minor earthquakes during the past. Records of earthquakes are
available in Nepal since 1255 A.D. Those records show that around 18 major earthquakes have
shaken Nepal since then. The 1833 A.D. earthquake and 1934 A.D Bihar-Nepal earthquakes were
the most destructive ones in the history of Nepal.
Thus, structures to be built in Nepal need to be suitably designed and detailed, so as to
counteract the forces due to earthquakes.

3. Philosophy of Seismic Design
The probability of occurrence of severe earthquakes is much less than that of minor earthquakes at
a given site. Many of the structures may never experience severe earthquakes during its lifetime.
Construction of any ordinary structures to resist such severe earthquakes without undergoing any
damage may not be considered economically feasible, as it may be far cheaper to repair or even
rebuild the structure after having severe and strong shaking. On the other hand, structures located
in seismic areas experience minor earthquakes rather frequently. Thus, in the event of severe and
strong shaking, the structure is allowed to have some damage which may be repairable or even
irreparable, but the structure will not be allowed to collapse completely, thereby ensuring the safety
of life and the property in the structure. In order that one does not have to undertake frequent repair
and retrofitting of the structure, the structure should not have any damage during minor level of
shaking. In case of moderate shaking the structure is allowed to have some non-structural damage
without endangering life and property within the structure. During such event the level of damage
should be such that it can be economically repaired.
The structures are generally designed for much lower seismic forces than what it may actually
experience during its life time. Since the structure is expected to undergo damage in the event of a
severe shaking, reliance is placed on the inelastic response of the structure beyond yield. Therefore,
structures have to be ductile and capable of dissipating energy through inelastic actions. Ductility
can be achieved by avoiding brittle modes of failures. Brittle modes of failures include, shear and
bond failure. Thus, structures should be designed on Weak Beam-Strong column philosophy.
4. Building Description
i. Type: Residential building
ii. Form:

 Plan Shape: Regular shaped
 Base Area: 2634.56 sq.ft.
 Number of Stories 3 stories with staircase cover
iii. Total Height: 13.4112 m from ground
iv. Inter Storey Height:
Typical: - 3.3528 m
5. Structural System
i. Material: Reinforced Cement Concrete
ii. Frame System: Special Moment Resisting Frame
iii. Floor System: Two-Way Solid Slab
iv. Foundation System: Isolated Foundation with strap beam
6. Location of the Site
The proposed site of construction of Building is located at Gallamandi, Si. Na. Pa. - 4, Rupandehi,
Nepal. The area is moderately built up area.
7. Preliminary Design
For the analysis, dead load is also necessary which depends upon the size of member itself. So, it
is necessary to pre-assume logical size of member which will neither overestimate the load nor under
estimate the stiffness of the building. So, the tentative sizes of the structural elements are determined
through the preliminary design so that the pre-assumed dimensions may not deviate considerably
after analysis thus making the final design both safe and economical. Tentative sizes of various
elements have been determined as follows:

Slab:
Preliminary design of slab is done as per the deflection criteria as directed by code Clause 23.2.1 of
[IS 456: 2000]. The cover provided is 20 mm and the grade of concrete used in the design is M20.
According to which,
Span ≤ (Mft x Mfc) x Basic Value
Eff. Depth
Where, the critical span is selected which is the maximum shorter span among the all slab element.
This is done to make uniformity in slab thickness. The amount of reinforcement will be varied slab to
slab but the thickness will be adopted corresponding to the entire slab.
Beam:
Preliminary design of the beam is done as per the deflection criteria as directed by code Clause
23.2.1 of [IS 456: 2000] and ductility criteria of ACI code. The cover provided is 30 mm and the grade
of concrete used in the design is M20.
According to which,
Span ≤ (Mft x Mfc) x Basic Value x Correction Factor
Eff. Depth for span x Correction Factor for Flange
But,
According to Ductility code, Spacing of Stirrups in beam should not exceed d/4 or 8 times diameter
of minimum size of bar adopted and should not be less than 100 mm. So, for considering construction
difficulties in actual field, it is logical to use d/4 as spacing as per the construction practice in Nepal.
COLUMN:
Preliminary design of column is done from the assessment of approximate factored gravity loads
and live loads coming up to the critical section. To compensate the possible eccentric loading and
earthquake loads the size is increased by about 25% in design. For the load acting in the column,

live load is decreased according to IS 875: 1978. Initially a rectangular column is adopted in this
building project so as to provide internal aesthetics required from architecture point of view but the
column size and shape will vary as per the requirement for the analysis, design and aesthetic value.
The cover provided is 40 mm and the grade of concrete used in the column design is M20.
SLAB
Span of slab = 4.267 m
Percentage of steel = 0.1 % (assume)
From Clause 23.2.1 of [IS 456: 2000]
Using deflection criteria for combination of continuous and simply supported slab,
= Mft x basic value
Where,
Basic value = 26
Mft = 1.6 for 0.1 % tension steel
Therefore,
d = 4267/ (26 x 1.6) = 102.57 mm
Adopt,
Effective depth d = 112 mm
Overall depth D = 112 + 15 = 127 mm = 5 inches
BEAM
Effective length of beam = 4.724 m
Assuming percentage of steel = 2 %
Now,
Span ≤ (Mft x Mfc) x Basic Value x Correction Factor
Eff. Depth for span x Correction Factor for Flange

Where,
Mft = 0.7
Mfc = 1.25 for 1% steel
Correction factor for span = 1
Correction factor for flange = 1
Therefore,
d = 4724/ (0.79 x 1.25 x 23) = 207.99 mm
Adopt
Effective depth d = 370 mm
Overall depth D = 400 mm
Width of beam b = 230 mm
Similarly, from the total weight of building, the tentative size of columns is assumed to make the finite
element model.
8. Weights and loads on building:
Load calculation is done using the IS 875:1978 as reference. At first type of material is selected and
value of unit weight of the materials is taken from the above-mentioned code. Thickness of the
material is selected as per the design requirement. Knowing area, thickness and unit weight of
materials, loads on each section is found.
The following are assumed for detail load calculation.
i. R.C.C Slab, Beam and Column = 25.0 KN/m 3
ii. Screed (25mm thick) = 19.2 KN/m3
iii. Cement Plaster (20mm thick) = 20.40 KN/m3
iv. Marble Dressed = 26.50 KN/m 3

v. Live Load adopted = 3(Typical rooms) & 3(Staircase) KN/m 2
The calculated loads are presented in a tabular form: -
Table 1 Building Load as Calculated by ETABS vs 18.0.0
Load Case/Combo FZ
kN
Dead 4382.9337
Live 1994.005
Wall 3021.7384
FF 804.3623
Therefore, total seismic weight of building = W = 8707.536 KN
Loading pattern from slab to beam can be obtained by drawing 45° offset line from each corner.
Then obtained trapezoidal as well as triangular loading are converted into equivalent uniformly
distributed load. Lateral loads on the building frames are caused primarily by wind pressure. In
addition; earthquake shocks produce horizontal sway, which results in inertia forces acting
horizontally on the structure. But in an area like Rupandehi wind load is not so vital so, only the
lateral load due to earthquake shock is considered in this case. For the analysis and design of
earthquake action following methods has been applied in this building complex.
(a) The seismic co-efficient method
(b) The modal response spectrum method
9. Lateral Load estimation according to IS 1893:2002
Following assumptions have been made to estimate the total base shear in the buildings:
Zone factor for Rupandehi according to IS code,
Z=0.36
Response reduction factor =5 for special moment resisting frame.
Importance factor =1

For the total height of the building H= 13.4112m, empirical relation for fundamental transaction period
is given by the relation,
T=0.075*H^3/4 sec.
i.e. T=0.075*13.4112^.75
T=0.5256 Sec.
With this fundamental time period in medium soil type-II, a graphical interpolation has been made to
calculate spectral acceleration coefficient Sa/g.
Hence, the value of Sa/g = 2.5
i.e Horizontal acceleration spectrum Ah=0.09
Vb = Ah * W = 0.09*8707.536 kN = 816.5285 KN
Table 2 Auto lateral loads to stories from ETAB 18.0.0

Story LATERAL LOADS
Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir
m kN kN
Story4 13.4112 Top 59.6389 59.6389
Story3 10.0584 Top 395.4935 395.4935
Story2 6.7056 Top 288.8814 288.8814
Story1 3.3528 Top 72.5146 72.5146
Base 0 Top 0 0
Table 3 Story shears from ETAB 18.0.0
Story Shear
Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir
m kN kN
Story4 13.4112 Top -59.6389 -59.6389
Bottom -59.6389 -59.6389
Story3 10.0584 Top -455.1324 -455.1324
Bottom -455.1324 -455.1324
Story2 6.7056 Top -744.0139 -744.0139
Bottom -744.0139 -744.0139
Story1 3.3528 Top -816.5285 -816.5285
Bottom -816.5285 -816.5285
Base 0 Top 0 0
Bottom 0 0

Figure 1 Auto lateral loads to stories (EQX)

Figure 2 Auto lateral loads to stories (EQY)

Figure 3 Story Shears (EQX)

Figure 4 Story Shears (EQY)

10. Load Cases and Combinations
a) Load Cases
Load cases are the independent loadings for which the structure is explicitly analyzed. Earthquake
forces occur in random fashion in all directions. For buildings whose lateral load resisting elements
are oriented in two principal directions, it is usually sufficient to analyze in these to principal directions
(X – and Y – direction) separately one at a time. Thus, the load cases adopted are as follows:
i. Dead Load (DL)
ii. Live Load (LL)
iii. Earthquake load in +ve X- direction
iv. Earthquake load in - ve X- direction
v. Earthquake load in +ve Y- direction
vi. Earthquake load in - ve Y- direction
b) Load Combinations
Load combinations are the loadings formed by the linear combination of the independent loading
conditions. The different load cases have been combined as per IS code. The load combinations are
as follows:
i. 1.5 DL + 1.5 LL
ii. 1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.2 EQ (+X)
iii. 1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.2EQ (-X)
iv. 1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.2EQ (+Y)
v. 1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.2 EQ (-Y)
vi. 0.9 DL + 1.5 EQ (+X)
vii. 0.9 DL + 1.5 EQ (-X)
viii. 0.9 DL + 1.5 EQ (+Y)

ix. 0.9 DL + 1.5 EQ (-Y)
x. 1.5 DL + 1.5 EQ (+X)
xi. 1.5 DL + 1.5 EQ (-X)
xii. 1.5 DL + 1.5 EQ (+Y)
xiii. 1.5 DL + 1.5 EQ (-Y)
11. Finite Element modeling and analysis of building using ETABS vs 18.0.0
The FE model of building is developed in ETABS vs 18.0.0, a general-purpose FE analysis and
design software. The size of beams and columns as obtained from preliminary analysis are adjusted
according to architectural need. Beam and columns are modeled as frame element. Slabs are also
modeled as shell element. The 3D model is assumed to be fixed at tie beam level. Suitable
assumptions are made and FE model as shown in Fig 5 is developed. The first three modes of
vibrations are shown in Fig 6, 7 & 8.
Figure 5 Finite element model of building

Figure 6 First mode - Time period = 0.673sec
Figure 7 Second mode - Time period = 0.651 sec

Figure 8 Third mode - Time period = 0.605 sec
12. Loading on structural system
i. Wall Loading
Figure 9 Wall Loading

ii. Loading due to floor finish
Figure 10 Loading due to floor finish
iii. Live load
Figure 11 Live load

Beam and column are assumed to be line element having six degree of freedom at each node and
slab is assumed to be shell element having six degree of freedom. Loading due to wall, floor finish
and live load is as shown in figure above and analysis is done by static method (seismic coefficient
method) as well as dynamic method (response spectrum method using IS 1893:2002 spectrum).
Although the time period from FE model is little bit higher than from codal formula, the base shear
corresponding to codal formula (time period) is imposed in the FE model for design purpose. In
addition to seismic coefficient method, Response spectrum analysis is also performed regarding its
complicated configuration. Base shear during dynamic analysis is less than that of static analysis.
Thus, base shear due to response spectrum analysis was multiplied by a factor equals to base shear
of static analysis divided by base shear due to dynamic analysis. The factor used is equal to 1.275
in x direction and 1.338 in y direction. Load combinations and other data are taken from IS codes.
The static and dynamic analysis is carried out to obtain member forces. The numbers of modes
considered are 12 and mass participation in both directions is more than 90% at mode 5. From the
different combinations, severe values of bending moment, shear force and axial loads are taken for
design purpose.
The maximum top displacement under extreme load condition (EQy and EQx) is about 15.33 mm
and the maximum story drift is .001861 which is in the permissible value prescribed by the code.

Figure 12 Maximum Story Displacement (EQX)

Figure 13 Maximum Story Displacement (EQY)

Figure 14 Maximum Story Drifts (EQX)

Figure 15 Maximum Story Drifts (EQY)

13. Design of structural members
i. Design of slab
The slabs are kept in such a way that ly/lx is kept less than 2 such that it can be designed as two-
way slab. The slab is designed manually on excel sheet based on IS 456:2000. Where, type of panel
1 indicates that the INTERIOR PANELS ,type of panel 2 indicates that the 1 SH EDG
DISCONTINOUS ,type of panel 4 indicates that the 2 adjacent edges are discontinuous and type of
panel 3 indicates that the 1 LG EDG DISCONTINOUS. Similarly, another slab was also analyzed
and designed as per IS 456:2000. The design of slab has been calculated in the excel sheet given
on ANNEX.
ii. Design of Beam
The beams are designed with the help of ETABS vs 18.0.0 and checked manually. The calculation
of reinforcement on typical section of beam is obtained as shown below in Figure 16, 17 & 18.

Figure 16 Reinforcement details of Story 1 for beam obtained from ETABS vs 18.0.0




Figure 20 Typical Beam name on Etabs with their sizes

iii. Design of Column
The square columns are designed with the help of ETABS vs. 18.0.0 and checked manually. The
calculation of longitudinal reinforcement of typical elements is shown below in Figure. The method
carried out during the structural analysis is verified with other possible methods. There is not
significant change in the design values. The interaction curve provided in literature is then used to
design these columns. The design of column has been calculated in the excel sheet given on
ANNEX:

Figure 21 Longitudinal Reinforcement required of column of GRID A-A as per ETABS vs

18.0.0

Figure 22 Longitudinal Reinforcement required of column of GRID B-B as per ETABS vs

18.0.0

Figure 23 Longitudinal Reinforcement required of column of GRID C-C as per ETABS vs

18.0.0

Figure 24 Longitudinal Reinforcement required of column of GRID D-D as per ETABS vs

18.0.0

Figure 25 Longitudinal Reinforcement required of column of GRID E-E as per ETABS vs

18.0.0

iv. Design of foundation
The foundations used in the building are of isolated foundation as per the requirements. The soil
type is assumed to be of medium type. Allowable bearing capacity of soil is 120 KN/m2. The design
of footing has been calculated in the excel sheet given on ANNEX:
v. Design of staircase
The staircase used in the building is of Dog legged staircase type. The design of staircase is done
manually and is presented on excel sheet below.
14. Concluding Remarks
Reinforced concrete construction is common all over the world. It is used extensively for construction
of variety of structures such as buildings, bridges, dams, water tanks, stadium, towers, chimneys,
tunnels and so on.
Experiences from past earthquakes and extensive laboratory works have shown that a well-designed
and detailed reinforced concrete structure is suitable for earthquake resistant structure. Ductility and
strength required to resist major earthquake can be achieved by following the recommendations
made in the standard codes of practice for earthquake resistant design.
Detailing of steel reinforcement is an important aspect of structural design. Poor reinforcement
detailing can lead to structural failures. Detailing plays an important role in seismic resistant design.
In seismic resistant design, actual forces experienced by the structure are reduced and reliance is
placed on the ductility of the structure. And, ductility can be achieved by proper detailing only. Thus,
in addition to design, attention should be paid on amount, location and arrangement of reinforcement
to achieve ductility as well as strength.
Design and construction of the structure are inter – related jobs. A building behaves in a manner
how it has been built rather than what the intensions is during designing. A large percentage of

structural failures are attributed due to poor quality of construction. Therefore, quality assurance is
needed in both design and construction.
In earthquake resistant construction quality of materials and workmanship plays a very important
role. It has been observed that damages during earthquakes are largely dependent on the quality
and workmanship. Hence, quality assurance is the most important factor in the good seismic
behavior of the structure.

ANNEX

Table 4 MODAL MASS PARTICIPATING RATIO

Modal Participating Mass Ratios
Case Mode Period UX UY SumUX SumUY RX RY RZ SumRX SumRY SumRZ
sec
Modal 1 0.673 0.0012 0.8456 0.0012 0.8456 0.1459 0.0001 0.0252 0.1459 0.0001 0.0252
Modal 2 0.651 0.8707 0.0022 0.8719 0.8479 0.0002 0.136 0.0054 0.1461 0.1361 0.0306
Modal 3 0.605 0.0056 0.0254 0.8774 0.8732 0.0001 0.0036 0.8465 0.1462 0.1397 0.877
Modal 4 0.234 0.0008 0.0838 0.8782 0.957 0.714 0.007 0.0037 0.8602 0.1467 0.8807
Modal 5 0.228 0.0862 0.0008 0.9644 0.9579 0.0071 0.7599 1.57E-05 0.8673 0.9066 0.8808
Modal 6 0.206 0.0001 0.0067 0.9645 0.9645 0.043 0.0003 0.089 0.9102 0.907 0.9698
Modal 7 0.173 0.0088 0.0132 0.9734 0.9777 0.0381 0.0265 0.0006 0.9484 0.9335 0.9704
Modal 8 0.169 0.0123 0.0067 0.9856 0.9844 0.0164 0.035 0.0086 0.9648 0.9685 0.979
Modal 9 0.144 0.0004 0.0002 0.9861 0.9846 0.0002 0.0005 0.0059 0.9649 0.969 0.9849
Modal 10 0.139 0.0066 0.0045 0.9927 0.9891 0.0094 0.0143 0.0015 0.9744 0.9833 0.9864
Modal 11 0.137 0.0048 0.0103 0.9975 0.9993 0.0233 0.0103 3.92E-05 0.9977 0.9937 0.9865
Modal 12 0.126 0.0025 0.0007 1 1 0.0023 0.0063 0.0135 1 1 1

Table 5 Design of Isolated Foundation

Fck Fy Df palw yt d' d0
ISOLATED FOOTING
20 500 1.5 120 16 50 150
Req. Bar
FOT label PU Pu Mux Muy Bc Dc L B s BM/M dM D Spacing d Check for
A dia
(kN- (kN-
From MF (kN) (kN-M) (mm) (mm) (M2) (Ft) (Ft) (kN/M2) (mm) (mm) (mm) cm c/c (mm) s
M) M) Shear
-
F1 264.3982 350 350 1.64 4.20 4.20 141.7 15 66 300 12 31.4 209.7 OK OK
25 246.3 -4.29 2.9037
-
F1 322.0255 350 350 1.99 4.62 4.62 141.2 20 71 300 12 31.4 214.6 OK OK
15 297.8 -7.3983 4.0993
F2 22 434.5467 393.2 0.626 -3.698 350 350 2.62 5.31 5.31 150.9 30 82 350 12 26.9 252.7 OK OK
-
F2 440.8703 350 350 2.65 5.34 5.34 160.6 33 85 350 12 26.9 253.0 OK OK
6 397.1 7.5775 7.8492
F2 23 462.5723 418.1 -8.156 6.9095 350 350 2.79 5.48 5.48 158.9 35 87 350 12 26.9 254.5 OK OK
-
F3 511.3688 350 350 3.16 5.83 5.83 147.4 38 88 350 12 26.9 258.0 OK OK
24 474.3 -7.6953 2.4232
-
F3 529.7405 350 350 3.18 5.85 5.85 144.7 37 87 350 12 26.9 258.2 OK OK
19 477.4 -5.0192 10.506
-
F3 581.7949 350 350 3.46 6.10 6.10 149.2 43 91 350 12 26.9 260.3 OK OK
10 519.6 -0.8466 7.8644
F4 2 640.3175 570.1 7.6426 8.0827 350 350 3.80 6.39 6.39 156.5 50 96 400 12 23.6 295.3 OK OK
-
F4 679.7811 350 350 3.99 6.55 6.55 157.3 53 98 400 12 23.6 296.9 OK OK
3 598.3 9.6445 4.6828
F4 11 702.7436 618.8 -2.1475 9.1719 350 350 4.13 6.66 6.66 156.6 55 99 400 12 23.6 297.9 OK OK
F4 4 706.869 619.7 10.0983 8.2991 350 350 4.13 6.67 6.67 157.2 56 100 400 12 23.6 298.0 OK OK
F4 16 713.2337 628 1.6215 8.2099 350 350 4.19 6.71 6.71 155.8 56 100 400 12 23.6 298.4 OK OK
F4 20 733.6923 641.4 1.8008 8.8899 350 350 4.28 6.78 6.78 156.0 58 100 400 12 23.6 299.1 OK OK
F5 1 769.905 675 0.7416 9.721 350 350 4.50 6.96 6.96 156.1 61 102 450 12 20.9 332.3 OK OK
-
F5 803.1483 350 350 4.59 7.03 7.03 150.3 60 101 450 12 20.9 333.0 OK OK
17 688.3 0.5423 3.8937
-
F5 818.1669 350 350 4.69 7.11 7.11 149.7 62 102 450 12 20.9 333.9 OK OK
12 704 -0.4264 4.3462
-
F5 822.1988 350 350 4.72 7.12 7.12 150.7 63 102 450 12 20.9 334.1 OK OK
21 707.8 1.2519 3.6064
-
F5 827.836 350 350 4.75 7.15 7.15 156.0 65 104 450 12 20.9 334.4 OK OK
5 712 10.3578 1.8966
F5 18 828.6556 746.8 -3.0144 6.1835 350 350 4.98 7.32 7.32 153.3 68 105 450 12 20.9 336.2 OK OK

-
F5 887.6592 350 350 5.04 7.36 7.36 149.2 67 104 450 12 20.9 336.7 OK OK
7 755.8 -1.5553 5.0761
F6 8 931.0412 791.3 -1.5617 8.0087 350 350 5.28 7.53 7.53 154.0 73 107 500 12 18.8 369.1 OK OK
-
F6 978.5688 350 350 5.76 7.87 7.87 148.5 78 109 500 12 18.8 373.2 OK OK
14 863.6 -3.3682 6.3885
F6 13 995.5369 867.5 -0.0483 8.5098 350 350 5.78 7.89 7.89 153.7 81 111 500 12 18.8 373.4 OK OK
F6 9 1056.2316 892.6 -1.4728 -2.664 350 350 5.95 8.00 8.00 149.4 82 110 500 12 18.8 374.6 OK OK

Table 6 DESIGN OF SLAB

DESIGN OF SLAB Fe 500 Fck 20 50.0 d' 15.0 Bar spacing (C/C)
Type of Ly Lx D Eff. LL d=D- wu Ly ] BM pt Ast l/d d(req) D CK Ast of Required Provide
Span
Pannel (ft) (fT) (mm) cover (kN/M2) d' (kN/M2) Lx (kN-M) (%) (cm2/M) (chart) (mm) d+Cc a bar (f) ( " ) (f) ( " )
S 5.53 0.12 1.80 40.0 59 74 Ok 0.79 10 13.2 10 6
Short
M 4.23 0.12 1.80 40.0 74 89 Ok 0.79 10 13.2 10 6
1 13.00 10.00 127 15.00 4 112 13 1
S 3.76 0.12 1.80 40.0 59 74 Ok 0.79 10 13.2 10 6
Long
M 2.82 0.12 1.80 40.0 74 89 Ok 0.79 10 13.2 10 6
S 6.47 0.12 1.83 40.0 59 74 Ok 0.79 10 13.2 10 6
Short
M 4.82 0.12 1.80 40.0 74 89 Ok 0.79 10 13.2 10 6
2.00 14.00 10.00 127 15.00 4 112 13 1
S 4.35 0.12 1.80 40.0 59 74 Ok 0.79 10 13.2 10 6
Long
M 3.29 0.12 1.80 40.0 74 89 Ok 0.79 10 13.2 10 6
S 8.74 0.17 2.51 36.0 85 100 Ok 0.79 10 12.3 10 6
Short
M 6.56 0.12 1.86 40.0 91 106 Ok 0.79 10 13.2 10 6
3.00 14.00 13.00 127 15.00 4 112 13 1
S 7.35 0.14 2.09 40.0 76 91 Ok 0.79 10 13.2 10 6
Long
M 5.56 0.12 1.80 40.0 91 106 Ok 0.79 10 13.2 10 6
S 10.11 0.19 2.92 35.0 77 92 Ok 0.79 10 10.6 10 6
Short
M 7.62 0.14 2.17 40.0 82 97 Ok 0.79 10 13.2 10 6
4.00 14.75 11.50 127 15.00 4 112 13 1
S 7.31 0.14 2.08 40.0 67 82 Ok 0.79 10 13.2 10 6
Long
M 5.44 0.12 1.80 40.0 82 97 Ok 0.79 10 13.2 10 6

Table 7 P-DELTA CHECK FOR ETABS MODEL TO BE CONSIDERED OR NOT?
P-DELTA CHECK FOR ETABS MODEL TO BE CONSIDERED OR NOT?

Importance Factor, I= 1
Deflection Amplification factor, Cd= 5.5 (For SMRF 5.5, IMRF 4.5, OMRF 2.5)
Story Diaphragm
Story Force Shear Vx Center of
(DL+LL) or Vy (for Mass Disp
E/W) (E/W)
Load H P (bottom) V Ux or Uy ∆x or ∆y Allowable

Level θx or θy Max. θx or θy Check
Case mm kN kN mm mm θmax
F1 EQX 3352.8 10203.039 -816.53 6.801 37.4055 0.025346812
0.090909091
No P-Delta
0.0253
F2 EQX 3352.8 6390.063 -744.01 16.144 51.3865 0.023933311
F3 EQX 3352.8 2590.9611 -455.13 22.618 35.607 0.01099229

F4 EQX 3352.8 210.6066 -59.639 28.194 30.668 0.005872966

Importance Factor, I= 1
Deflection Amplification factor, Cd= 5.5 (For SMRF 5.5, IMRF 4.5, OMRF 2.5)
Story
Diaphragm
Story Shear
Center of
Force Vx or
Mass Disp
(DL+LL) Vy (for
(E/W)
E/W)
Load H P (bottom) V Ux or Uy ∆x or ∆y Max. θx or Allowable
Level θx or θy Check
Case mm kN kN mm mm θy θmax
F1 EQY 3352.8 10203.039 -816.53 7.344 40.392 0.027370532
0.090909091
No P-Delta
0.0274
F2 EQY 3352.8 6390.063 -744.01 17.785 57.4255 0.026745981
F3 EQY 3352.8 2590.9611 -455.13 25.189 40.722 0.01257135
F4 EQY 3352.8 210.6066 -59.639 31.489 34.65 0.006635524

Table 8 USING STIFFNESS (SOFT STOREY CHECK)
USING STIFFNESS (SOFT STOREY CHECK)

𝑲𝒊 𝑲𝒊
Stiffness
Level Load Case 𝑲𝒊 Check (𝑲𝒊 𝑲 𝑲 )/𝟑 Check
+𝟏 +𝟏 + 𝒊+𝟐 + 𝒊+𝟑
kN/m 0.7 0.8
Story4 EQX 7386.711 - - - -
Story3 EQX 207340.07 28.07 Ok - -
Story2 EQX 211264.51 1.02 Ok - -
Story1 EQX 153648.06 0.73 Ok 1.08 Ok
Story4 EQX+ecc. 7104.416 - - - -

Story3 EQX+ecc. 211513.2 29.77 Ok - -
Story2 EQX+ecc. 218055.98 1.03 Ok - -
Story1 EQX+ecc. 155449.5 0.71 Ok 1.07 Ok
Story4 EQX-ecc. 6863.464 - - - -

Story3 EQX-ecc. 194103.94 28.28 Ok - -
Story2 EQX-ecc. 210447.8 1.08 Ok - -
Story1 EQX-ecc. 152475.35 0.72 Ok 1.11 Ok
Story4 EQY 6502.184 - - - -

Story3 EQY 180045.21 27.69 Ok - -
Story2 EQY 199367.86 1.11 Ok - -
Story1 EQY 145320.9 0.73 Ok 1.13 Ok
Story4 EQY+ecc. 6199.709 - - - -

Story3 EQY+ecc. 172565.08 27.83 Ok - -
Story2 EQY+ecc. 189693.89 1.10 Ok - -
Story1 EQY+ecc. 144060.8 0.76 Ok 1.17 Ok
Story4 EQY-ecc. 6835.687 - - - -

Story3 EQY-ecc. 188203.21 27.53 Ok - -
Story2 EQY-ecc. 200081.55 1.06 Ok - -
Story1 EQY-ecc. 146603.24 0.73 Ok 1.11 Ok

Table 9 USING DRIFT (SOFT STOREY CHECK)
USING DRIFT (SOFT STOREY CHECK)

∆𝒊
∆𝒊
Story Load Case Drift +𝟏 Check
1.3
Story4 EQX 0.004816 - -
Story3 EQX 0.001309 0.27 Ok
Story2 EQX 0.001552 1.19 Ok
Story1 EQX 0.001609 1.04 Ok
Story4 EQX+ecc. 0.005007 - -

Story3 EQX+ecc. 0.001284 0.26 Ok
Story4 EQX-ecc. 0.005183 - -

Story3 EQX-ecc. 0.001396 0.27 Ok
Story4 EQY 0.005471 - -

Story3 EQY 0.001505 0.28 Ok
Story2 EQY 0.001923 1.28 Ok
Story1 EQY 0.001742 0.91 Ok
Story4 EQY+ecc. 0.005738 - -

Story3 EQY+ecc. 0.001569 0.27 Ok
Story4 EQY-ecc. 0.005204 - -

Story3 EQY-ecc. 0.001441 0.28 Ok

Sample of Calculation
Isolated Footing
Design(F5):
Required Data
Size of column=
L= 0.35 m
B= 0.35 m
Bearing Capacity of Soil= 120.00 KN/m²
Strength of Steel (fy)= 500.00 N/mm²
Strength of Concrete (fck)= 20.00 N/mm²
Factored Axial Load = 322.0255 kN
Design Load= 214.68 kN
Size of Footing:
Required base area of footing = 1.9679336 m²
Size of square footing= 1.4028306 m
Provide square footing base= 1.47 m x 1.47 m

i.e. L = 1.47 m
B= 1.47 m
Area of footing= 2.1609 m² O.K
Thickness of footing slab based on shear:

qu = 149.024 KN/m2
= 0.149 N/mm2
a) One-way Shear:
Factored Shear Force (Vu1) = =0.149*1470*(560-d)

= 122656.8 - 219.03 d
Assuming, τc = 0.28 Mpa for Concrete Grade M20 and pt = 0.15,
One way shear resistance, Vc1 = 0.28*1470*d
Vu1 ≤ Vc1 = 411.6d
Solving, d ≥ 194.49883 mm
b) Two-way Shear:
Factored Shear Force (Vu2) = 0.182*[21302-(300+d)2]

Assume, d = 195 mm Vu2 = 277717.375 N
Two way shear resistance, Vc2 = ks* τc*[4*(300+d)*d]
(IS 456:2000, Cl. 31.6.3.1)

ks = 1
τc = 0.25* (fck)1/2 = 1.118 N/mm²
Vu2 ≤ Vc2
Solving, d
≥ 220.02 mm
One way shear governs the thickness.
Assuming Clear Cover= 50 mm and bar diameter of 12
mm in both directions.
D ≥ =195+50+12/2 251 mm
Provide D = 300 mm
Effective
depth,d= 244 mm
q = 112.2492 kN/m2 < 120 kN/m2
OK
Design of Flexural Reinforcement:
Mu =0.149*1470*(560^2)/2= 34343904 N-mm
Area of Steel is given by, BM = 0.87* fy* Ast*{d-fy*Ast/(fck*b)}
Then,
Ast reqd = 705.9810703 mm2 >Ast min
=0.12% of B * D
pt reqd. 0.196827554 529.2 mm²
Provide,
pt= 0.15
Ast = 661.5 mm² > Ast min OK
Using bar dia= 12 mm,
Spacing required= 234.23031 mm c/c
Provide Steel as
= 12 mm @ 150 mm c/c
Reinforcement Provided= 1146.053 mm²
% of Reinforcement= 0.32% >pt reqd. . OK
Development Length
(IS 456: 2000 Cl. 26.2.1, Table 26.2.1.1)
Ld = [∅ (0.87* fy)]/[4* τbd]
= 56.641 *Ø
For 12 mm Ø bars,
Ld = 679.6875 mm

DESIGN OF SLAB (Interior Panel – 1)
Span length C/C (Lex) = 3.04804 m In X-direction

Span length C/C (Ley) = 3.96245 m In Y-direction
We have,
Lefx= 45
d
So, d= 67.73 mm
Adopt d = 107 mm
φ= 10 mm
cc= 15 mm
D= 127 mm
Now,
dx = 107 mm
dy = 97 mm
For Effective length :

In x-direction :
L + 0.4 = 3.048037 m
L + dx = 2.755037 m
(Leff)x = 2.755037 m
IN y-direction :
L + 0.4 = 3.962448 m
L + dy = 3.659448 m
(Leff)y = 3.659448 m
Load Calculation:
Dead Load (D.L.) = 3.175 KN/m2
Live Load (L.L.) = 3 KN/m2
Floor Finish (F.F.) = 1 KN/m2
Total Load = 7.175 KN/m2
Factored Load (F.L.) = 10.7625 KN/m2
Consider unit width,w= 10.7625 KN/m
Leffy =
1.32828 <2 (Design asTwo Way Slab)
Leffx
From Table 26 (IS 456:2000)
for Ly/Lx values : 1.32828

For shorter span:
αx-ve= 0.06436 Negative moment at continuous edges

αx+ve= 0.04849 Positive moment at mid span
For longer span:
αy-ve= 0.032 Negative moment at continuous edges
αy+ve= 0.024 Positive moment at mid span
From Annex D.1.1
Mx- = αx-vewlx2
Mx+= αx+vewlx2
My- = αy-vewlx2
My+= αy+vewlx2
We get,
Mx- = 5.25756 KN-m
Mx+= 3.96106 KN-m
My- = 2.61407 KN-m
My+= 1.96056 KN-m
Checking for depth from Moment Consideration

Mmax= 5.25756 KN-m
b= 1000 mm
fck= 20 N/mm2
fy= 500 N/mm2
φ= 10 mm
Ab= 78.54 mm2
IS 456-2000
Annex G.1.1
depth(d)= 44.458 mm < dx OK
Calculation of Area of Steel

Min Ast = 0.12 % of bD = 152.4 mm2
IS 456-2000 G-1.1.b
Ast=

Sv= Ab *1000
Ast
We get,
Mx-ve = 5.25756 KN-m

Astx_ = 116.166 mm2 >150mm2 Not OK
Sv= 676.102 mm
Mx+ve = 3.96106 KN-m

Astx+ = 86.909 mm2 <150mm2 Not OK
Sv= 903.704 mm
My-ve = 2.61407 KN-m

Asty_ = 56.9481 mm2 <150mm2 Not OK
Sv= 1379.15 mm
My+ve = 1.96056 KN-m

+
Asty = 42.5661 mm2 <150mm2 Not OK
Sv= 1845.129 mm
Since Astx+ is less than 150 mm2

Astx+ = 150 mm2
Sv= 523.6 mm
Since Asty- is less than 150 mm2

Asty- = 150 mm2
Sv= 523.6 mm
Since Asty+ is less than 150 mm2

Asty+ = 150 mm2
Sv= 523.6 mm

Provide 10mm φ bar @ 150mm C/C at continuous edges of X-axis
Provide 10mm φ bar @ 150mm C/C at mid span of X-axis
Provide 10mm φ bar @ 150mm C/C at continuous edges of Y-axis
Provide 10mm φ bar @ 150mm C/C at mid span of Y-axis
Sv x+= 150 mm
Astx+ provided = 523.6 mm2
Check for Deflection

IS 456-2000 cl.23.2.1
Lx
≤ αβγδλ
Lx= 2755.037 mm
α= 26
β= 1 span less than 10 m
γ= 1 no compression reinforcement
δ= 1 not a flanged section
For λ
fs=
Area of steel required= 86.90901 mm2

Area of steel provided= 523.6 mm2
So,
fs= 48.13524 N/mm2
%st= 0.41888 %
IS 456-2000 cl.23.2.1 fig 4
λ= 2
So,
αβγδλ= 52
Lx 25.74801 ≤ αβγδλ (OK)

=

Check for shear:
14.8255 KN
IS 456-2000 cl.40.1
0.13856 N/mm2
IS 456-2000 cl.40.2.1.1
Overall Depth 150 or less

k= 1.3
IS 456-2000 cl.40.4 Table 9

Now,
% steel = 0.41888 0.5 0.75

τc for M20 0.48 0.48 0.54
Design Shear Strength ( Kτc)= 0.624 N/mm2 OK
Check for Development Length:

IS 456-2000 cl.26.2.1
566.4063 mm
Also,
Where,
fy * Astprvd
M1 =0.87 * fy *0.5* Astprvd *(d- )
fck * b *2
M 1= 11440117 N-mm
V= 14825.54 N
Lo= 185 mm
So,
1188.144 > Ld OK

BEAM DETAILS
Width (b) = 228.6 mm

Overall Depth (D) = 406.4 mm
Effective Clear Cover (d') = 30 mm
Effective Depth (d) = 376.4 mm
N/m
Grade of Concrete (fck) = 20 m2
N/m
Yield Strength of Steel (fy) = 500 m2
Rebar Diameter (Ø) = 16 mm
(Storey1 A4
Beam Name : B28 B4)
Length of Beam = 4.2672 m
Minimum Area Reqd(Ast,min)

IS 456:2000 26.5.1.1
Ast, min =(0.85/"fy" )∗b∗d
Ast, min= 146.28 mm2
IS 13920 6.2.1 A , min =0.24 √("f " )/"f " *b*D

st ck y
Ast, min= 199.4 mm2
So adopt maximum of above Ast,min

Ast, min= 199.4 mm2
Maximum Area Required (Ast,max)

Ast,max = 0.04*b*D
3716.121
Ast, max= 6 mm2
Maximum Area Required (Asc,max)

Asc,max = 0.04*b*D

3716.121
Asc, max= 6 mm2
IS 456:2000 Cl 38
Formula
"Xu,max" /𝑑= 0.0035/(0.0055 + "fy" /1.155"Es" )
"Xu,max" /𝑑=
0.46
where Xu,max is the limiting value of the depth of neutral axis for given grade
of steel.
IS 456:2000, Cl G-1.1 c)
Limiting Moment (Mu,lim)

2
Mu,lim=0.36∗("Xu" /𝑑)∗{1−0.4("Xu" /𝑑)} ∗ b d fck
KN-
Mu,lim = 87.0351 m
Position I (top)
UDCON
Governing Combination = 10
From ETABS
KN- (negati
Factored Moment (Mu) = 101.4887 m ve)
KN-
Factored Torsion (Tu) = 2.1663 m
IS 456:2000, Cl 41.4.2
Moment due to Torsion (Mt)
Mt=Tu((1+𝐷/𝑏)/1.7)
KN-
Mt = 3.540 m

Therefore, The required Design Moment (M) is

KN-
M = Mu + Mt = 105.0284 m
Since M>Mul, design as doubly reinforced section
esc = 0.0035/"xul" (d' - xul)
Where,
171.8833
xul= 1 mm
d'= 30 mm
We get,
esc= 0.002889
SP16 (Table A)
Interpolating,
esc fsc
0.00277 413
0.00289 ?
0.00312 423.9
We,get
416.7097 N/m
fsc = 51 m2
From IS 456:2000 Cl G-1.2
Asc=("Me1" −"Mul" )/("fsc" ∗(𝑑−𝑑^′))
124.6517
Asc= 35 mm2
Mul=0.87 * fy * Ast1 *(d-"fy Ast1 "fck b )
Sloving,
657.3943
Ast1= 26 mm2
Ast2="Asc∗fsc" /(0.87∗"fy" )

119.4105
= 6 mm2
Ast = Ast1+Ast2
776.8048
= 86 mm2
Area of Steel (Ast) = 776.805 mm2 Top

Percentage of Steel (%) = 0.836 %
From IS 13920 Cl.6.2.3 The positive steel at a joint face must be at least equal to half the
negative steel at that face.
Area of compression steel(Asc) = 388.402 mm2 Bottom
% of compression steel= 0.418 %
Position I (bottom)
UDCON
From ETABS
KN- (positiv
Factored Moment (Mu) = 0 m e)
KN-
Factored Torsion (Tu) = 0 m
IS 456:2000, Cl 41.4.2
Mt=Tu((1+𝐷/𝑏)/1.7)
KN-
Mt = 0.000 m

KN-
M = M u + Mt = 0.0000 m
Since M>Mul, design as doubly
reinforced section esc = 0.0035/"xul" (xul - d')
Where,

171.8833
xul= 1 mm
d'= 30 mm
We get,
esc= 0.0029
SP16 (Table A)
Interpolating,
esc fsc
0.00277 413
0.0029 ?
0.00312 423.9
We,get
416.7097 N/m
fsc = 51 m2
From IS 456:2000 Cl G-1.1 b)
Asc=("Me1" −"Mul" )/("fsc" ∗(𝑑−𝑑^′))
-
602.9525
Asc= 2 mm2
Sloving,
657.3943
Ast1= 26 mm2
Ast2="Asc∗fsc" /(0.87∗"fy" )
-
577.6004
= 4 mm2
Ast = Ast1+Ast2

79.79388
= 35 mm2
Area of Steel (Ast) = 79.794 mm2 Bottom

Area of compression steel(Asc) = 39.897 mm2 Top

Position Middle (Top)

UDCON
From ETABS
KN- (negati
Factored Moment (Mu) = 0 m ve)
KN-
Factored Torsion (Tu) = 0 m
IS 456:2000, Cl 41.4.2
Mt=Tu((1+𝐷/𝑏)/1.7)
KN-
Mt = 0.000 m

KN-
M = M u + Mt = 0.0000 m
Since M<Mul, design as singly reinforced section
Ast=
Solving,
Ast= 0 mm2


Position Middle (Bottom)

UDCON
From ETABS
KN- (positiv
Factored Moment (Mu) = 43.9812 m e)
KN-
IS 456:2000, Cl 41.4.2
Mt=Tu((1+𝐷/𝑏)/1.7)
KN-
Mt = 10.846 m

KN-
M = M u + Mt = 54.8271 m
Ast=
Solving,
376.1258
Ast= 96 mm2

Position J (top)
UDCON
From ETABS
KN- (negati
Factored Moment (Mu) = 90.2824 m ve)

KN-
IS 456:2000, Cl 41.4.2
Mt=Tu((1+𝐷/𝑏)/1.7)
KN-
Mt = 3.403 m

KN-
M = M u + Mt = 93.6857 m
Since M>Mul, design as doubly
reinforced section
esc = 0.0035/"xul" (xul - d')
Where,
171.8833
xul= 1 mm
d'= 30 mm
We get,
esc= 0.0029
SP16 (Table A)
Interpolating,
esc fsc
0.00277 413
0.0029 ?
0.00312 423.9
We,get
416.7097 N/m
fsc = 51 m2
From IS 456:2000 Cl G-1.1 b)
Asc=("Me1" −"Mul" )/("fsc" ∗(𝑑−𝑑^′))

46.07276
Asc= 18 mm2
Solving,
657.3943
Ast1= 26 mm2
Ast2="Asc∗fsc" /(0.87∗"fy" )
44.13556
= 11 mm2
Ast = Ast1+Ast2
701.5298
= 87 mm2


Position J (Bottom)
UDCON
From ETABS
KN- (positiv
Factored Moment (Mu) = 44.3532 m e)
KN-
IS 456:2000, Cl 41.4.2
Mt=Tu((1+𝐷/𝑏)/1.7)
KN-
Mt = 4.287 m


KN-
M = M u + Mt = 48.6401 m
Ast=
Sloving,
328.5864
Ast= 31 mm2


Longitudinal Detailing
Manually Calculated Area Provided

Position Bars
Area of Steel mm 2 (mm2)
I (top) 776.805 4 - 16 Φ 804.25
I (bottom) 388.402 2 - 16 Φ 402.125
Mid (top) 188.063 2 - 16 Φ 402
Mid (bot) 376.126 2 - 16 Φ 402
j (top) 701.530 3- 16 Φ + 1 - 12 φ 716
j (bottom) 350.765 2 - 16 Φ 402
Check for shear and design of vertical stirrups

Width (b) = 228.6 mm
Overall Depth (D) = 406.4 mm
Effective Clear Cover (d') = 30 mm
Effective Depth (d) = 376.4 mm
Grade of Concrete (fck) = 16 N/mm2

Yield Strength of Steel (fy) = 500 N/mm2

Stirrup Diameter (Ø) = 8 mm
mm Max of
longitudinal rebar Diameter (Øl) = 16 above
At Ends
end: j
81.05
KN
Max design shear force at ends (Vdu) = 14
Tortional moment at ends (Tu)= 0.648 KN-m
Equivalent factored shear force(Ve)
Ve="Vdu"+1.6 "Tu" /𝑏
85.58
KN
Ve= 6
τue="Ve" /(𝑏∗𝑑)
Equivalent nominal shear stress of
concrete (τue)
τue= 0.995 N/mm2
Percentage of tensile steel of end(Ast)= 0.351 %
Now,
Design shear strength of M20 concrete (τc)
Interpolating,
%Ast,prov τc
0.75 0.56
0.351 ?
1 0.62
we get,
τc= 0.464 N/mm2
Max shear stregth of M20 concrete (τc,max)= 2.8 N/mm2

Since,
τue > τc
τue < τc,max
Hence,shear reinforcement is to be designed
Required capacity of shear reinforcement(Vus)=Ve-τc*b*d

Vus= 45.64 KN
Take 2-legged 10 mm Ф vertical stirrups

157.0
Area of vertical stirrups (Asv)= mm2
8
Spacing of Stirrups (Sv)

(Clause 40.4 (a) IS:456-2000)
Sv=(0.87∗" fy" ∗ "Asv" ∗𝑑)/"Vus"
563.5
Sv = mm
1
where,
Sv over the distance of 2*d= 753 mm should be
(Clause 6.3.5,IS:13920-1993) Sv≤d/4 94 mm
Sv≤ 8*φl 128 mm
Sv≥ 100 mm
Adopt Sv = 100 mm
Minimum area of vertical stirrups(Asv,min) IS 456:2000, cl.26.5.1.6,
Asv,min ≥(0.4∗𝑏∗"Sv" )/(0.87∗"fy" )
21.02
mm2 < 157.08 mm2
Asv,min = 1
Hence,
ok
At mid span
Sv≤d/2 188.2 mm
Adopt Sv = 150 mm

Hence, 8 mm Ф two legged vertical stirrups @ 100 mm C/C is provided up to the

distance of 753 mm from each end and at the part of splicing, Elsewhere, 8 mmФ two
legged vertical stirrups @ 150 mm C/C is provided. The distance of first hoop should be at
a distance of 40 mm from each end which is less than 50mm. Which also satisfies the
criteria for torsion reinforcement distribution as per-:IS:456-2000,Clause 26.5.1.7.be at a
distance of 40 mm from each end which is less than 50mm. Which also satisfies the be at a
distance of 40 mm from each end which is less than 50mm. Which also satisfies the criteria
for torsion reinforcement distribution as per-:IS:456-2000,Clause 26.5.1.7.
Check for Deflection

IS 456-2000 cl.23.2.1
"Lx" /𝑑≤ αβγδλ
clear span= 3917.2 mm

width of support= 350 mm
1/12 of clear span= 326.43 mm
Since,
width of support > 1/12 of clear span so Lx is taken as clear span
effective length(Lx)= 3917.2 mm

α= 26
span less than 10
β= 1 m
not a flanged
δ= 1 section
For γ
Asc provided= 402 mm2
% Asc provided= 0.43 %
IS 456-2000 cl.23.2.1 fig 5

So,
γ= 1.15
For λ

fs=
Ast required= 376.126 mm2

Ast provided= 402 mm2
So,
fs= 271.335 N/mm2
%st= 0.197 %
IS 456-2000 cl.23.2.1 fig 4
λ= 1.4
So,
αβγδλ= 41.86
"Lx
7.681 ≤ αβγδλ (OK)
"
Check for Development

/𝑑 Length:
IS 456-2000 cl.26.2.1
=
for
1132.81 mm
tension
906.25 mm for compression
φ= 16 mm (nominal diameter of bar)

σs=0.87*fy= 435 N/mm2 (stress in bars)
(design bond stress for
τbd= 1.2*1.6 N/mm2 tension)
(design bond stress for
τbd= 1.2*1.6*1.25 N/mm2 compression)
Also,
M=0.87 * fy * Astprvd *(d-"fy ∗ Astprvd" /"fck ∗ b" )

Where,
Ast provided= 804.25 mm2

1608374 N-mm (MOR offered by tension steel
M1 = 96 provided)
85586.13 (maximum shear force at
V=
"Lo"
=(sb/2-cc-3Ф)+8Ф32 N that face)
(additional anchorage
length)
Lo = 275 mm
So,
2718.021
> Ld OK
29
Finish Riser Thread

Design of staircase (mm) (in.) (in.)
Let thickness of waist slab be 125 mm 30 7 10
Yield strength of steel = 500 N/mm2
Dead load of flight
Step section = 0.0225806 m2
0.03875581
inclined slab = 4 m2
Finish = 0.012954 m2
0.07429041
Total area = 4 m2
Density of concrete = 25 KN/m3
1.857260
Dl of step section 1m in width= 4 KN/m
Dl per m2 on plan = 7.31204863 KN/m2
LL per m2 on plan = 3 KN/m2
10.3120486
Total load = 3 KN/m2
15.4680729
Factored load = 4 KN/m2
1.52401853
width of slab = 2 m
Total load /m = 23.57 KN/m
Load on landing
self weight of slab = 3.125 KN/m2

finish = 0.75 KN/m2

live load = 3 KN/m2
Total load = 6.875 KN/m2
Factored load = 10.313 KN/m2
1.52401853
width of slab = 2 m
load = 15.716 KN/m
Now
Design of stair flight
Length of landing
A= 1.31 m
Length of flight = 2.29 m
Length of landing
B= 0.300 m
Reaction at support B = 41.93 KN
Reaction at support A = 37.27 KN
Let point of zero shear force occurs at x distance from A
x= 2.02 m
Maximum bending moments occurs at x = 2.02 m from A
Maximum bending moment = 41.25 KN-m
Therefore,
100.8722
Effective depth of slab d = 3
Adopt
d= 102 mm
D= 127 mm = 5 in.
Now,
Area of tension steel (Ast) = 1128.78 mm2
Provide 12 mm dia bar @ 152.62 mm 6.01 in.
Provide 12 dia bar @ 6.01 inch. c/c as main 1722.8 mm2 OK
bar
Temperature reinforcement
Provide 1-10 dia bar as temperature reinforcement in each riser.
In the waist slab provide 0.12 % steel = 152.4 mm2/m
mm
i.e. provide 8 dia bar @ 329.66 c/c 12.98 inch.
Provide 8 dia bar @ 12.98 inch. c/c
Check for shear

N/mm
Nominal shear stress = 0.27 2 41.93
percent of tension steel = 1.11 % 1.11
Shear strength of M20 concrete for 1.11 % steel = 0.48 N/mm2

Shear strength for slab = K*τc

K= 1.2 1.3 for depth of slab < 150mm
1.25 for depth of slab =175 mm
1.2 for depth of slab =200 mm
N/mm
Shear strength for slab = 0.576 2 > 0.27 OK SAFE

Reference Codes
NBC 110: 1994 Plain and Reinforced Concrete
NBC 102: 1994 Unit Weights of Materials
NBC 103: 1994 Occupancy Load (Imposed Load)
NBC 104: 1994 Wind Load
NBC105: 1994 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal
NS: 501-2058 Code of Practice for Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Subjected to Seismic Forces
SP: 16-1980 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456-1978
SP: 34-1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement Detailing
IS: 456-2000 Design of reinforced concrete
IS: 1893-2002 Earthquake code
IS: 13920 Ductile detailing

SUMMARY OF THE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
i. SLABS
Slabs Types of slab Main Bar Distribution bar
All slab Two-way 10 mm@150c/c 10 mm@150c/c
Thickness of slab is 5"
ii. Columns (Refer Figure 26)
COLUMN DETAILS
TOTAL COLUMN GROUND FIRST SECOND TOP
JOINT NAME
NO. NAME FLOOR FLOOR FLOOR FLOOR
23,20,16,17,11 4 20 4 20 4 20
8 C1
,12,1,7 4 16 4 16 4 16
4 20 4 20 4 16
24,25,21,22 4 C2
4 16 4 16 4 16
4 20 4 20 4 20 4 16
18,19 2 C3
4 16 4 16 4 16 4 16
4 20 4 20 4 20 4 20
13,14 2 C4
4 20 4 20 4 16 4 16
4 20 4 20 4 16
15 1 C5
4 16 4 16 4 12
4 20 4 20 4 20
8,9,10,3,4,5 6 C6
4 20 4 20 4 16
4 20 4 20 4 20
2,5 2 C7
4 20 4 20 4 20
Note: Lapping of column should not be practiced at the joint of Beam
iii. FOOTING DETAILS (Refer Figure 26)

square ISOLATED FOOTING
label Size D Bar dia Spacing d

(inches) (mm) " c/c (in)
F1 25 5' 12 12 6 8
F1 15 5' 12 12 6 8
F2 22 5'6" 14 12 6 10
F2 6 5'6" 14 12 6 10
F2 23 5'6" 14 12 6 10
F3 24 6'2" 14 12 6 10
F3 19 6'2" 14 12 6 10
F3 10 6'2" 14 12 6 10
F4 2 6'10" 16 12 6 11
F4 3 6'10" 16 12 6 11
F4 11 6'10" 16 12 6 11
F4 4 6'10" 16 12 6 11
F4 16 6'10" 16 12 6 11
F4 20 6'10" 16 12 6 11
F5 1 7'6" 18 12 6 13
F5 17 7'6" 18 12 6 13
F5 12 7'6" 18 12 6 13
F5 21 7'6" 18 12 6 13
F5 5 7'6" 18 12 6 13
F5 18 7'6" 18 12 6 13
F5 7 7'6" 18 12 6 13
F6 8 8'0" 20 12 6 14
F6 14 8'0" 20 12 6 14
F6 13 8'0" 20 12 6 14
F6 9 8'0" 20 12 6 14
iv. BEAMS (Refer Figure 26)












Figure 26 Column and Footing Details for Construction

Final Structural Report

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Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Report for Structural Analysis and Design

BHAIRAHAWA ENGINEERING AND BUILDERS PVT. LTD.

Owner: - Mr. Sanjay Shrestha Page 1

2. Seismic Vulnerability of Nepal ............................................................................................................... 7

3. Philosophy of Seismic Design ................................................................................................................ 8

4. Building Description ................................................................................................................................. 8

5. Structural System ..................................................................................................................................... 9

6. Location of the Site .................................................................................................................................. 9

7. Preliminary Design ................................................................................................................................... 9

8. Weights and loads on building: ............................................................................................................ 12

9. Lateral Load estimation according to IS 1893:2002 ......................................................................... 13

10. Load Cases and Combinations ........................................................................................................ 19

12. Loading on structural system ............................................................................................................ 22

13. Design of structural members .......................................................................................................... 29

14. Concluding Remarks.......................................................................................................................... 41

SUMMARY OF THE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ....................................................................................... 77

Owner: - Mr. Sanjay Shrestha Page 2

Figure 1 Auto lateral loads to stories (EQX) ............................................................................................. 15

Figure 2 Auto lateral loads to stories (EQY) ............................................................................................. 16

Figure 3 Story Shears (EQX) ....................................................................................................................... 17

Figure 4 Story Shears (EQY) ....................................................................................................................... 18

Figure 5 Finite element model of building ................................................................................................. 20

Figure 6 First mode - Time period = 0.673sec .......................................................................................... 21

Figure 7 Second mode - Time period = 0.651 sec ................................................................................... 21

Figure 8 Third mode - Time period = 0.605 sec ....................................................................................... 22

Figure 9 Wall Loading ................................................................................................................................... 22

Figure 10 Loading due to floor finish .......................................................................................................... 23

Figure 11 Live load ........................................................................................................................................ 23

Figure 12 Maximum Story Displacement (EQX) ...................................................................................... 25

Figure 13 Maximum Story Displacement (EQY) ...................................................................................... 26

Figure 14 Maximum Story Drifts (EQX) ..................................................................................................... 27

Figure 15 Maximum Story Drifts (EQY) ..................................................................................................... 28

Figure 20 Typical Beam name on Etabs with their sizes ................................................................................. 34

Owner: - Mr. Sanjay Shrestha Page 3

Figure 26 Column and Footing Details for Construction ......................................................................... 90

Owner: - Mr. Sanjay Shrestha Page 4

Table 1 Building Load as Calculated by ETABS vs 18.0.0 ..................................................................... 13

Table 2 Auto lateral loads to stories from ETAB 18.0.0 .......................................................................... 14

Table 3 Story shears from ETAB 18.0.0 .................................................................................................... 14

Table 4 MODAL MASS PARTICIPATING RATIO ................................................................................... 44

Table 5 Design of Isolated Foundation ...................................................................................................... 45

Table 6 DESIGN OF SLAB .......................................................................................................................... 47

Table 7 P-DELTA CHECK FOR ETABS MODEL TO BE CONSIDERED OR NOT? ............................... 48

Table 8 USING STIFFNESS (SOFT STOREY CHECK)............................................................................... 50

Table 9 USING DRIFT (SOFT STOREY CHECK) ....................................................................................... 51

Owner: - Mr. Sanjay Shrestha Page 5

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

also assumed that the construction will be supervised by a professional engineer.

concerned authorities when needed, upon request.

BHAIRAHAWA ENGINEERING AND BUILDERS PVT. LTD.

CONTACT NO: - 071-525010, 9857011086

Owner: - Mr. Sanjay Shrestha Page 6

and also maintaining a good aesthetic appearance.

paths or mechanisms to transfer loads safely to the foundation.

2. Seismic Vulnerability of Nepal

the most destructive ones in the history of Nepal.

Thus, structures to be built in Nepal need to be suitably designed and detailed, so as to

counteract the forces due to earthquakes.

Owner: - Mr. Sanjay Shrestha Page 7

3. Philosophy of Seismic Design

should be such that it can be economically repaired.

i. Type: Residential building

Owner: - Mr. Sanjay Shrestha Page 8