Exports and Imports in agriculture in India

There are various factors on which exports of a country depends on specifically the following:

1. International and domestic supply and demand situation

2. International and domestic food prices
3. Quality and food security of a particular country
4. Seasonality factor

The share of the agricultural sector in the total market export when India is concerned is as follows:

There has been an increase of about 2.4% in the exports of agricultural goods from the previous
year. There are many policies that the government of India has taken to improve the export
conditions of the exports in the country such as the following:

1. Trade Infrastructure for Export Scheme (TIES)

2. Market Access Initiatives (MAI) Scheme
3. Merchandise Exports from India Scheme (MEIS)

There are also other schemes that the government is investing upon like the Export Promotion
Schemes of Agricultural & Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), Marine
Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA), Tobacco Board, Tea Board, Coffee Board, Rubber
Board and Spices Board to bolster the export facilities.

The main crux of the above-mentioned schemes are generally as follows:

1. To diversify the export area , destinations and boost high value and value added agricultural
exports specially that of the perishable goods .
2. To promote the export of novel, indigenous, organic, ethnic, traditional and non-traditional
agricultural products
3. To provide an institutional mechanism to pursue market access, tackling barriers and dealing
with the all-important sanitary and phytosanitary issues.
4. To strive to not only increase but also to try and double India’s share in world of agricultural
exports by integrating with the global value chains.
5. Enable farmers to get the benefit of all the export opportunities that exist in the overseas
market and thereby strengthen the income of theirs’s.

The following are the data pertaining to the various imports and exports of various countries:

Exports:

Imports:

With respect to that the number for India is :

Exports (18/19)- 387391 , Exports (19/20 (April))-6001.8

Imports (18/19)- 20350 , Imports (19/20 (April)) – 3279

This suggests that we doing decently well as an economy as we are exporting more than what
we are importing.

Imports and Exports for various goods in India:

Exports :

Imports:
Seasonal Effects of Agriculture

India has predominantly has 3 seasons when it comes to agriculture in a year:

1. Kharif season which starts with the onset of the monsoons and continues till the beginning of
the winter. Major crops for this season are rice, maize, jowar, bajra, cotton, sesamum,
groundnut and pulses such as moong, urad, etc.

2. Rabi season which starts at the onset of winter and extends till the end of winter and/or the
beginning of summer. Major crops of this season are wheat, barley, jowar, gram and oil seeds
such as linseed, rape and mustard.

3. Zaid is the known as the summer cropping season in which crops like rice, maize, groundnut,
vegetables and some fruits are harvested. Now-a-days some varieties of pulses have also been
evolved which can also be successfully grown during the summer.