Chapter 2

Methodology

As discussed in chapter 1. The aim of this study is to assess the chosen

participant’s historical background and to analyze the factors which caused the
special needs of the participant and its interventions.This study was not intended
to generalize the result in all or any situations with the same nature. This chapter
will discuss the methods used by the researchers to gather necessary data and
information about the participant. It will also present the research process
participant, the measures used,research design and instrument used in the
study.

2.1 Participant

The participant was a 13-year-old student enrolled in the Iligan SPED Center,
whose identity was hidden as “Billy”. He is currently on his Kindergarten in a
non-graded school intended for children like Billy, who has a special needs and
late development. He is the only son and third sibling of his mom who was a
housewife and his father who was a guard in a secondary school in Iligan City.
Billy was never diagnosed due to some financial problems. His family concluded
that Billy has dyslexia as what they have observed. On the other hand, his
teacher said that the child has autism.

2.2 Measures

Research Questions

1. What is the Demographic Profile of the participants in terms of

A. Personal Information
a.1 Age
a.2 Educational Attainment
a.3 Type of Psychopathology

B. Family Background
b.1 Status of Parents
b.2 Birth Rank
b.3 Number of Siblings
b.4 Relationship with Siblings
b.5 Related Pathological History
b.6 If there’s no related history to the participants, ask the mother/
parent/ caregiver, what does he/she think is/are the reasons why the
participant have special needs

2. What are the manifestations of the participant toward their:

a. Physical well- being
b. Feelings
c. Family
d. Friends and environment, and
e. Teachers

3. How do the Significant Others (Parents, Caregivers, Friends, teachers,

siblings) responded to the participant

4. What are their thoughts about the participant’s introduced intervention in

terms of:
a. affective
 b. behavioral
c. Cognitive

2.3 Research Design

This is a qualitative research that requires the researchers to incorporate

informed consent decisions and is responsive to ethical concerns. Through
choosing interview as a method of data collection in this case study, the
researchers seek an in-depth understanding about the participant with the help
of his significant others. The method used by the researcher was a documentary
analysis, a recorded interview with the participant’s significant others to
accumulate information. The researchers used this technique to focus on the
participant’s behavior. The dependent variable in this case study is the severity
of the child’s symptoms, while the dependent variable would be the ways of how
his significant others treat him.

2.4 Procedures

The researchers make a request letter addressed to the principal of the school
and a consent to the participant and his guardian to conduct an interview signed
by the researchers subject professor and the approval of the department
chairperson. As the letter was approved the researcher visited the school and
conducted the interview. The child refuses to be interviewed by the researcher.
Fortunately, his parents agreed to be part of the study. The participant’s mother,
teacher and sister agreed to the terms and condition written on the consent with
the questions attached to it. In his school, the researchers observed the child’s
behavior. The method used by the researcher was a recorded interview with the
participant’s significant others to gather data. The research was voluntary and
the researchers assured the confidentiality of the respondent’s identity from the
public. The questions asked include the demographic profile of the participant,
the manifestations of the participants toward his significant others and the
participant’s behavior, how his significant others respond to him and what are
the their perception to the participant.

2.5 Data Analysis

The researchers used techniques to focus on the Billy’s behavior. As the data
were gathered, the researchers evaluated their observations and the information
given by Billy’s significant others. Assess the symptoms and behavior of the child
using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), Fifth
Edition, Text-Revised Book in understanding the special needs of Billy.