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UNIT I
wholly austenite
wholly pearlite
expelling moisture, carbon dioxide, sulphur and arsenic from the iron ore by heating in shallow kilns
removing the impurities like clay, sand etc. from the iron ore by washing with water
Mild steel
Nickel
Copper
Aluminium
6. Closed packed hexagonal space lattice is found in
0.5 to 1
0.1 to 0.5
1 to 1.7
1.7 to 4.5
creep
fatigue strength
toughness
resilience
ductile material
brittle material
malleable material
tough material
may be defined as the smallest parallelopiped which could be transposed in three coordinate directions to build up the space lattice
contain the smallest number of atoms which when taken together have all the properties of the crystals of the particular metal
have the same orientation and their similar faces are parallel
blast furnace
cupola
bessemer converter
none of these
1. 70%
2. 45%
3. 30%
4. 55%
1. metallurgical microscope
2. naked eye
3. X-ray techniques
4. optical microscope
1. pearlite
2. ferrite
3. martensite
4. cementite
17. The material in which the atoms are arranged regularly in some directions but not in others, is called
1. amorphous material
2. none of these
3. mesomorphous material
4. crystalline material
1. all of these
2. carbonates
3. oxides
4. sulphides
20. Which of the following process of steel making is in operation at Tata Iron and Steel Works, Jamshedpur?
1. Electric process
2. Bessemer process
4. Duplex process
1. 600°C
2. 723°C
3. 700°C
4. 913°C
22. The temperature point at which the change starts on heating the steel is called
3. point of decalescence
4. point of recalescence
3. regains its shape and size after the removal of external forces
24. A steel is heated at about 875° C where the structure consists of entirely austenite. It is then cooled suddenly at a temperature
of about 250° C to 525° C. This process of heat treatment is known as
1. normalising
2. austempering
3. annealing
4. martempering
1. Silver
2. Mica
3. Brass
4. Lead
2. mild steel
27.The property of a material necessary for forgings, in stamping images on coins and in ornamental work, is
1. elasticity
2. plasticity
3. ductility
4. malleability
1. coal
2. producer gas
3. coke
4. wood
1. Interstitial imperfection
2. Vacancy
3. all of these
4. Frenkel imperfection
2. fourteen atoms out of which eight atoms are located at the corners of the cube and six atoms at the centres of six faces
3. nine atoms out of which eight atoms are located at the corners of the cube and one atom at its centre
4. seventeen atoms out of which twelve atoms are located at the twelve corners of the hexagonal prism, one atom at the centre of each of
the two hexagonal faces and three atoms are symmetrically arranged in the body of the cell
31. The iron ore mostly used for the production of pig iron is
1. limonite
2. magnetite
3. siderite
4. haematite
1. hyper-eutectoid steel
2. eutectoid steel
3. hypo-eutectoid steel
4. none of these
33. Which one of the following sets of constituents is expected in equilibrium cooling of a hyper-eutectoid steel from austenitic
state?
1. Cementite and martensite
34. In a unit cell of a body centred cubic space lattice, there are __________ atoms.
1. nine
2. ten
3. six
4. fourteen
2. excellent machinability
4. all of these
1. none of these
2. optical microscope
3. X-ray techniques
4. naked eye
(D) Steel
(B) 723° C
(C) 1147° C
(D) 1490° C
(B) Iron
(C) Magnesium
(D) Aluminium
(B) Bainite
(C) Ledeburite
(D) Spheroidite
(B) In which there is no definite atomic structure and atoms exist in a random pattern just as in a liquid
(A) Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled in still air
(B) Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled suddenly in a suitable cooling medium
(C) Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled slowly in the furnace
(D) Heated below or closes to the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly
49.Iron-carbon alloys containing carbon ________ 4.3% are known as hyper-eutectic cast irons.
(A) Equal to
53. Which of the following iron exist between 910°C and 1403°C?
(A) α-iron
(B) β-iron
(C) γ-iron
(D) δ-iron
54. The temperature at which ferromagnetic alpha iron transforms to paramagnetic alpha iron is
(A) 770°C
(B) 910°C
(C) 1050°C
(B) Decreases
(C) Increases
(A) Strength
(B) Stiffness
(C) Brittleness
(D) Toughness
63. There are fourteen atoms in a unit cell of
(A) Brittleness
(B) Ductility
(C) Malleability
(D) Plasticity
68. The ability of a material to resist fracture due to high impact loads, is called
(A) Strength
(B) Stiffness
(C) Toughness
(D) Brittleness
69. Which of the following represents the allotropic forms of iron?
(C) Body centered cubic iron and face centered cubic iron
(A) Elasticity
(B) Plasticity
(C) Ductility
(D) Malleability
71. Points of arrest for iron correspond to
(B) Stages at which further heating does not increase temperature for some time
(C) Stages at which properties do not change with increase in temperature
(D) Duralumin
73. Maximum percentage of carbon in austenite is
(A) 0.025%
(B) 0.26%
(C) 0.8%
(D) 1.7%
74. Ferromagnetic alpha iron exists in temperature range of
(C) Equal to 7
(D) pH value has nothing to do with neutral solution
78. The coordination number of a face centered cubic space lattice is
(A) Six
(B) Twelve
(C) Eighteen
(D) Twenty
79. Malleability of a material can be defined as
(D) The grain size first increases and then decreases very rapidly
81. The stiffness is the ability of a material to resist
(A) Creep
(D) Fatigue
83. Slow plastic deformation of metals under a constant stress is known as
(A) Creep
(B) Fatigue
(C) Endurance
(D) Plastic deformation
84. Isotropic materials are those which have the same
(A) At which crystals first start forming from molten metal when it is cooled
(B) At which new spherical crystals first begin to form from the old deformed one when a strained metal is heated
(A) Stiffness
(B) Ductility
(C) Resilience
(D) Plasticity
87. Which of the following is an amorphous material?
(A) Mica
(B) Silver
(C) Lead
(D) Glass
88. The following types of materials are usually the most ductile
(A) Ferrite
(B) Pearlite
(C) Austenite
92. Iron is
(A) Paramagnetic
(B) Ferromagnetic
(C) Ferroelectric
(D) Dielectric
93. 'Killed steels' are those steels
(B) Which after their destruction are recycled to produce fresh steel
(C) Which are deoxidized in the ladle with silicon and aluminium
(A) 0.025%
(B) 0.06%
(C) 0.1%
(D) 0.25%
95. The property of a material due to which it breaks with little permanent distortion, is called
(A) Brittleness
(B) Ductility
(C) Malleability
(D) Plasticity
96. Eutectoid steel contains following percentage of carbon
(A) 0.02%
(B) 0.3%
(C) 0.63%
(D) 0.8%
97. The strength is the ability of a material to resist
(A) 1539°C
(B) 1601°C
(C) 1489°C
(D) 1712°C
100. The lower critical point for all steels is
(A) 600°C
(B) 700°C
(C) 723°C
(D) 913°C
UNIT II
ductility decreases
all of these
2. In full annealing, the hypo-eutectoid steel is heated from 30° C to 50° C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled
in still air
1. carburising
2. normalising
3. annealing
4. tempering
2. The spheroidising process is usually applied to high carbon tool steels which are difficult to machine
3. In spheroidising process, the cementite in the granular form is produced in the structure of steel
4. The annealing process causes complete recrystallisation in steels which have been severely cold worked and a new grain structure is
formed
5. The process in which carbon and nitrogen both are absorbed by the metal surface to get it hardened is known as
1. cyaniding
2. carburising
3. flame hardening
6. The limestone in the charge of a blast furnace decomposes to give lime and carbon dioxide. The lime thus obtained
7. The process used for relieving the internal stresses previously set up in the Metal and for increasing the machinability of steel,
is
1. full annealing
2. spheroidising
3. normalising
4. process annealing
1. Cyaniding
2. Nitriding
3. Carburising
4. all of these
9. The process which improves the machinability of steels, but lowers the hardness and tensile strength, is
1. process annealing
2. spheroidising
3. normalising
4. full annealing
1. carburising
2. annealing
3. normalising
4. tempering
11-Annealing improves
(A) Grain size
(B) Nitriding
(C) Cyaniding
(D) Carburizing
(B) tempering
(C) normalizing
(D) annealing
(B) toughness
(C) brittleness
(D) ductility
(A) Is less tough and has a greater tendency to distort during heat treatment
(B) Is more ductile and has a less tendency to distort during heat treatment
(C) Is less tough and has a less tendency to distort during heat treatment
(D) Is more ductile and has a greater tendency to distort during heat treatment
16. Normalising of steel is done to
(C) Remove dislocations caused in the internal structure due to hot working
(A) Equal to
(B) The amount of cementite increases with the increase in percentage of carbon in iron
(C) A mechanical mixture of 87% cementite and 13% ferrite is called pearlite
(A) Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled in still air
(B) Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled suddenly in a suitable cooling medium
(C) Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled slowly in the furnace
(D) Heated below or closes to the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly
21. When steel containing less than 0.8% carbon is cooled slowly from temperatures above or within the critical range, it consists of
(A) Heated below the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly
(B) Heated up to the lower critical temperature and then cooled in still air
(C) Heated slightly above the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly to a temperature of 600°C
(D) The grain size first increases and then decreases very rapidly
24. Which is false statement about annealing? Annealing is done to
(D) The grain size first increases and then decreases very rapidly
26. Pearlite consists of
(C) In which deformation tends to loosen the joint and produces a stress reduced
(A) RC 65
(B) RC 48
(C) RC 57
(D) RC 80
32. Which of the following is not the correct method of increasing fatigue limit?
(B) Tempering
(C) Normalizing
(D) Annealing
35. Which is false statement about case hardening? Case hardening is done by
(A) Electroplating
(B) Cyaniding
(D) Nitriding
36. In induction hardening ________ is high.
(A) Current
(B) Voltage
(C) Frequency
(D) Temperature
37. Which of the following statements are true for annealing of steels?
(A) Relieve the stresses set up in the material after hot or cold working
(C) Nitriding
(C) Adding carbon and nitrogen by heat treatment of steel to increase its surface hardness
(A) Hardening surface of work-piece to obtain hard and wear resistant surface
(A) RC 65
(B) RC 48
(C) RC 57
(D) RC 80
55. Heat treatment that requires heating a part below A1 temperature, i.e. between 550°C and 650° is
called as
(1) hardening
(2) normalizing
(3) process annealing
(4) full annealing
56. cracking and warping of steel during quenching operation can be avoided by
1) Spinning
2) Interrupted quenching
3) Rolling
4)cannot be avoided
1) Hard structure
2) Soft structure
3) Liquid
4) None of these
1) Metal
2) Concrete
4) None of these
4) None of these
60. Cooling has the effect of --------- mixture of austenite, cementite and ferrite
1) Melting
2) Freezing
3) Drying
4) None of these
61. Which of the following constituents of steel is least strong and softest?
1) Austenite
2) Ferrite
3) Cementite
4) Bainite
1) TTT diagram
2) S curve
3) Bain’s curve
1) Carburizing
2) Anodizing
3) Nitriding
4) Cyaniding
1) Machinability
2) Hardenability
3) Weldability
4) Formability
1) Quenching
3) Annealing
4) Case harden
2) Charpy test
4) bend test
1) Bainite
2) Martensite
3) Pearlite
4) Austenite
1) FCC
2) BCC
3) HCP
4) Orthorhombic
1) Martensite
2) Pearlite
3) Bainite
4) Cementite
1) Bainite
2) Cementite
3) Martensite
4) Pearlite
1) It is a eutectic product
2) It is eutectoid product
3) It is a peritectic product
4) none of these
1) Body centered
2) Face centered
3) Simple cubic
1) Before CCR
2) After CCR
3) None of these
4) All of these
4) To avoid fatique
4) All of these
UNIT III
1.Which of the following has a fine gold colour and is used for imitation jewellery?
Aluminium bronze
Silicon bronze
Babbit metal
Gun metal
2. The hardness and tensile strength in austenitic stainless steel can be increased by
normalising
full annealing
martempering
3. Brass is an alloy of
none of these
none of these
toughness
low hardness
1. chromium
2. vanadium
3. nickel
4. cobalt
1. machinability
2. hardness
8. Nodular cast iron is produced by adding __________ to the molten cast iron.
1. magnesium
2. nickel
3. chromium
4. copper
1. reduce machinability
2. increase hardenability
1. high yield point, high fatigue limit and excellent cold and hot corrosion resistance
11. The casting ability of aluminium increases when __________ is added to aluminium.
2. silicon
3. magnesium
4. copper
13. Which of the following gives the correct order of increasing hot hardness of cutting tool materials?
1. corrosion resistance
3. creep strength
4. hardness
3. mild steel
22. The steel widely used for making precision measuring instruments is
1. nickel-chrome steel
3. nickel steel
4. chrome-vanadium steel
(D) Steel
(B) Tin
(C) Silver
(D) Zinc
(D) Brittleness
(C) 3 to 4%
(D) 8 to 10 %
27.Which of the following impurity in cast iron makes it hard and brittle?
(A) Silicon
(B) Sulphur
(C) Manganese
(D) Phosphorus
28.Tensile strength of steel can be safely increased by
(A) Brass
(C) Aluminium
(D) Steel
30.Y-alloy contains
(A) 3.5 to 4.5% copper, 0.4 to 0.7% magnesium, 0.4 to 0.7% manganese and rest aluminium
(B) 3.5 to 4.5% copper, 1.2 to 1.7% manganese, 1.8 to 2.3% nickel, 0.6% each of silicon, magnesium and iron, and rest aluminium
(C) Nickel and chromium in steel helps in raising the elastic limit and improve the resilience and ductility
33.Steel contains
34. Which one of the following metals would work-harden more quickly than the others?
(A) Copper
(B) Brass
(C) Lead
(D) Silver
35.Bell metal contains
(C) 85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
(A) Manganese
(B) Magnesium
(C) Nickel
(D) Silicon
40. The percentage carbon content in wrought iron is about
(A) 0.02
(B) 0.1
(C) 02
(D) 0.4
41. Heavy duty leaf and coil springs contain carbon of the following order
(A) 0.2%
(B) 0.5%
(C) 0.8%
(D) 1.0%
42. The silicon steel is widely used for
(B) Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
(C) Constantan
(D) Nichrome
49. Which of the following alloys does not contain tin?
(C) One of the best known age and precipitation hardening systems
(A) Silicon
(B) Manganese
(C) Carbon
(D) Chromium
53. The correct sequence for descending order of machinability is
(A) 3.5 to 4.5% copper, 0.4 to 0.7% magnesium, 0.4 to 0.7% manganese and rest aluminium
(B) 3.5 to 4.5% copper, 1.2 to 1.7% manganese, 1.8 to 2.3% nickel, 0.6% each of silicon, magnesium and iron, and rest aluminium
(A) 50 : 50
(B) 30 : 70
(C) 70 : 30
(D) 40 : 60
56. A steel containing 16 to 18% chromium and about 0.12% carbon is called
(A) Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
(B) Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
(C) Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough and easily machined metal
(D) Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or creium) in the ladle. Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the
material
58. Malleable cast iron
(A) Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
(B) Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
(C) Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough, and easily machined metal
(D) Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or cerium) in the ladle. Graphite is in the nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the
material
59. The presence of hydrogen in steel causes
(C) Embrittlement
(A) Sulphur
(B) Phosphorus
(C) Manganese
(D) Silicon
62. Which of the following element results in presence of free graphite in C.I.?
(A) Carbon
(B) Sulphur
(C) Silicon
(D) Manganese
63. Free cutting steels
(B) Is also known as chilled cast iron is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
(C) Is produced by annealing process. I is soft, tough and easily machined metal
(D) Is produced by small additions o magnesium (or cerium) in the ladle Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the
material
65. The aluminium alloy, mainly used, for anodized utensil manufacture, is
(A) Duralumin
(B) Y-alloy
(C) Magnalium
(D) Hindalium
66. White cast iron
(A) Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
(B) Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
(C) Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough and easily machined metal
(D) Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or creium) in the ladle. Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the
material
67. The compressive strength of cast iron is __________that of its tensile strength.
(A) Equal to
(C) 2.5 to 4%
(D) 4 to 4.5%
73. The main alloying elements high speed steel in order of increasing proportion are
(A) Steel
(B) Al2O3
(C) SiO2
(D) MgO
75. The aluminium alloy made by melting aluminium with 2 to 10% magnesium and 1.75% copper is called
(A) Duralumin
(B) Y-alloy
(C) Magnalium
(D) Hindalium
76. Brass contains
(C) 85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
(A) 50 : 20 : 20 : 10
(B) 40 : 30 : 20 : 10
(C) 50 : 20 : 10 : 20
(D) 30 : 20 : 30 : 20
80. The usual composition of a soldering alloy is
(A) Copper
(B) Chromium
(C) Nickel
(D) Silicon
84. In low carbon steels, presence of small quantities of sulphur improves
(A) Weldability
(B) Formability
(C) Machinability
(D) Hardenability
85. Cobalt in steel
(B) Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improve corrosion and heat resistant proper ties
(D) Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti corrosion property
86. Which of the following metal shrinks most from molten state to solid state?
(C) Brass
(B) Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
(A) Nickel
(B) Chromium
(C) Nickel and chromium
(A) Brass
(C) Forms very hard carbides and thus increases wear resistance
(C) Invar
(A) Sulphur
(B) Vanadium
(C) Tin
(D) Zinc
95. Pig iron is the name given to
98. Which of the following impurity in cast iron promotes graphite nodule formation and increases the fluidity of the molten metal?
(A) Silicon
(B) Sulphur
(C) Manganese
(D) Phosphorus
(B) Graphite
(C) Cementite
UNIT IV
UNIT V
1.In compression, a prism of brittle material will break
(A) Increase
(B) Decrease