JLPT N5 Grammar List

# Grammar Lesson 文法レッスン Grammar Meaning

1 ato de 後で（あとで） after ~; later
2 cha ikenai / ja ikenai ちゃいけない・じゃいけない must not do (spoken Japanese)
3 da / desu だ・です to be (am, is, are, were, used to)
4 dake だけ only; just; as much as
5 darou だろう I think; it seems; probably; right?
6 de で in; at; on; by; with; via
7 demo でも but; however
8 deshou でしょう I think; it seems; probably; right?
9 doushite どうして why; for what reason; how
10 ga が subject marker; however; but
11 ga arimasu があります there is; is (non-living things)
12 ga hoshii がほしい to want something
13 ga imasu がいます there is; to be; is (living things)
14 hou ga ii ほうがいい had better; it'd be better to; should~
15 ichiban 一番（いちばん） the most; the best
16 issho ni 一緒に（いっしょに） together
17 itsumo いつも always; usually; habitually
18 janai / dewa nai じゃない・ではない to not be (am not; is not; are not)
19 ka - question particle か question particle
20 ka~ka か～か or
21 kara から because; since; from
the way of doing something; how to
22 kata 方（かた）
do
23 kedo けど but; however; although
24 keredo mo けれども but; however; although
25 mada まだ still; not yet
26 mada ~te imasen まだ～ていません have not yet
until ~; as far as ~; to (an extent);
27 made まで
even ~
28 mae ni 前に（まえに） before ~; in front of ~
29 masen ka ませんか would you; do you want to; shall we~
30 mashou ましょう let's ~; shall we ~
shall I ~; used to offer help to the
31 mashouka ましょうか
listener
32 mo も too; also; as well
33 mou もう already; anymore; again; other
naa - sentence
34 なあ sentence ending particle
ending particle
without doing~ ; To do [B] without
35 naide ないで
doing [A]
36 naide kudasai ないでください please don't do
37 naku temo ii なくてもいい don't have to
38 nakucha なくちゃ must do
39 nakute wa ikenai なくてはいけない must do
40 nakute wa naranai なくてはならない must do
41 naru なる to become
to explain something; show
42 ndesu んです
emphasis
43 ne ね isn't it? right? eh?
44 ni に in; at; on; to
45 ni iku にいく go to do
46 ni suru にする to decide on
47 ni/e に/へ to (indicates direction / destination)
no - possessive
48 の possessive particle
particle
to explain something; show
49 no desu のです
emphasis
50 no ga heta のが下手（のがへた） to be bad at doing something
51 no ga jouzu のが上手（のがじょうず） to be good at
52 no ga suki のが好き（のがすき） to like doing something
no naka de [A] ga の中で[A]が一番（のなかで
53 out of this group, [A] is best
ichiban [A]がいちばん）
54 node ので because of; given that; since
55 shikashi しかし but; however
56 sugiru すぎる too much
57 ta koto ga aru たことがある to have done something before
58 tai たい want to do something
59 tari~tari たり～たり do such things as A and B
60 te aru てある is/has been done (resulting state)
61 te iru ている ongoing action or current state
62 te kara てから after doing~
63 te kudasai てください please do
64 te wa ikenai てはいけない must not; may not; cannot
65 temo ても even; even if; even though
66 temo ii desu てもいいです is OK to..; is alright to..; may I..?
67 to と and; with; as
68 toki とき when; at this time
69 tsumori つもり plan to ~; intend to ~
70 wa - topic marker は topic marker
71 wa ~yori... desu は〜より・・・です [A] is more ~ than [B]
72 wo - object marker を object marker
73 ya や and
74 yo - ending particle よ you know (ending particle)
75 yori ~hou ga より～ほうが [A] is more than [B]