Advocacy: Climate Change

"LIFE COMES WITH BREATHING AND 

BREATHING COMES WITH AIR FRESHENING."

Submitted By : Group 5

Avinante, Jessie Bhoy

Biazon, Angel

Cabullo, Josephine

Candelaria, Aiza

Historillo, Patricia Ann

Javier,James Russel

Mejia, Mercy

Submitted to : Mr. Severino M. Perez

May 25 2019
 I

1.1 Vision:

To spread the awareness about the climate change and the

effect to our society.And let them realized that long term effect
of the climate change so that people will become more
responsible.

1.2 Mission:
To educate and empower people on how are we going to help and become fully
aware about climate change.through teaching them and encouraging them
the Do's and Dont. 

II

Objective:

C​limate change is a serious problem that we are facing

nowadays! And as students in this generation we think we have
a big role in our society to help our environment. To contribute a
good cause that will be a great impact in our society.

Climate change​ is about abnormal variations to the ​climate​,

and the effects of these variations on other parts of the Earth.
The term "​climate change​" is often used to refer specifically to
anthropogenic ​climate change​ ​(also known as global
warming).​ ​ Anthropogenic ​climate change​ is caused by human
activity, as opposed to ​changes​ in ​climate​ that may have
resulted as part of Earth's natural processes.

Being a students in our generation we can be a big impact to

somehow reduce this problem that we are facing right now, by
being responsible enough. By obeying the laws and by simply
following the rules and regulations of our government especially
about this matter. By putting our trash in the right and proper
places. By planting threes and avoiding those things that may
destroy our ozone layer. Because of the damage in our ozone
layer it will create a negative impact in out atmosphere. And it
will lead to worst cases like global warming. So as early as we
can we should be more responsible and sensible in our
environment. We humans are created to taking care of them, so
we should know our stand about this particular issue. This is not
only for short term effect but for long term effect.

Not only you and me, but us! humans who are affected of this
climate change, even our society, our nation and all over the
world. Every individuals are affected of this climate change
especially our farmers. These people who planted our foods to
survive will surely be the most affected one. If we are not going
to start taking care of our environment, then we will surely
suffer because of it.
III

Strategy

Planting trees will help us to save the world. It will help us to

atleast reduce the harmful cause of climate change.

Who is the most affected by the issue?

The main affected of this climate change are humans,

environment and those places that are composed of ice or to be
specific are countries that is surrounded by ice. Those in the
business industry will be also affected. We think that tey are the
one who will lose hugely especially those are needed or the
resources are in the environment.

What are the consequences of the issue?

Everyone can benefit that advocacy. Especially humans( farmers) society and all over the 
world can benefit through our advocacy.

What is the economic impact of the issue?

Humans are the one who will suffer from this phenomenon.
Especially our country that are beneficiary of our environment
so we need to mitigate.
What is the social impact of the issue?
Overview

Key Points

● Climate change will affect certain groups more than others, particularly groups located in
vulnerable areas and the poor, young, old, or sick.
● Cities are uniquely sensitive to many impacts, especially extreme weather impacts.
● Climate change may threaten people's jobs and livelihoods.

As a society, we have structured our day-to-day lives around historical and current climate conditions.
We are accustomed to a normal range of conditions and may be sensitive to extremes that fall outside
of this range.

Climate change could affect our society through impacts on a number of different social, cultural, and
natural resources. For example, climate change could affect human health, infrastructure, and
transportation systems, as well as energy, food, and water supplies.

Some groups of people will likely face greater challenges than others. Climate change may especially
impact people who live in areas that are vulnerable to coastal storms, drought, and sea level rise or
people who live in poverty, older adults, and immigrant communities. Similarly, some types of
professions and industries may face considerable challenges from climate change. Professions that
are closely linked to weather and climate, such as outdoor tourism, commerce, and agriculture, will
likely be especially affected.

What are the barriers?

Maybe tha fact that many of people are just ignoring this issue
because they only know is to live life to the fullest. We need to
empower our people to be aware on this issue to ensurethat we
can live our beloved earth for very long time. Do some
commercial and many more just to spread the information.
What are the resources?

Maybe the resources of this that we will be needed are

technologies and people that play big role to address this
issue tour country and share to other people to be aware.

What is the history of this issue?

Early Inklings That Humans Can Alter

Global Climate
Dating back to the ancient Greeks, many people had proposed that
humans could change temperatures and influence rainfall by
chopping down trees, plowing fields or irrigating a desert.

One theory of climate effects, widely believed until the ​Dust Bowl​ of
the 1930s, held that “rain follows the plow,” the now-discredited idea
that tilling soil and other agricultural practices would result in
increased rainfall.

Accurate or not, those perceived climate effects were merely local.

The idea that humans could somehow alter climate on a global scale
would seem far-fetched for centuries.

The Greenhouse Effect

In the 1820s, French mathematician and physicist Joseph Fourier
proposed that energy reaching the planet as sunlight must be
balanced by energy returning to space since heated surfaces emit
radiation. But some of that energy, he reasoned, must be held within
the atmosphere and not return to space, keeping Earth warm.

He proposed that Earth’s thin covering of air—its atmosphere—acts

the way a glass greenhouse would. Energy enters through the glass
walls, but is then trapped inside, much like a warm greenhouse.

Experts have since pointed out that the greenhouse analogy was an
oversimplification, since outgoing infrared radiation isn’t exactly
trapped by Earth’s atmosphere, but absorbed. The more greenhouse
gases there are, the more energy is kept within Earth’s atmosphere.

Greenhouse Gases
But the so-called greenhouse effect analogy stuck and some 40
years later, Irish scientist John Tyndall would start to explore exactly
what kinds of gases were most likely to play a role in absorbing
sunlight.

Tyndall’s laboratory tests in the 1860s showed that coal gas

(containing CO2, methane and volatile hydrocarbons) was especially
effective at absorbing energy. He eventually demonstrated that CO2
alone acted like sponge in the way it could absorb multiple
wavelengths of sunlight.

By 1895, Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius became curious about

how decreasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere might ​cool​ Earth. In
order to explain past ice ages, he wondered if a decrease in volcanic
activity might lower global CO2 levels. His calculations showed that if
CO2 levels were halved, global temperatures could decrease by
about 5 degrees Celsius (9 degrees Fahrenheit).
Next, Arrhenius wondered if the reverse were true. Arrhenius
returned to his calculations, this time investigating what would
happen if CO2 levels were doubled. The possibility seemed remote
at the time, but his results suggested that global temperatures
would ​increase​ by the same amount—5 degrees C or 9 degrees F.

Decades later, modern climate modeling have confirmed that

Arrhenius’ numbers weren’t far off the mark.

Welcoming a Warmer Earth

Back in the 1890s, however, the concept of warming the planet was
remote and even welcomed.

As Arrehenius wrote, “By the influence of the increasing percentage

of carbonic acid [CO2] in the atmosphere, we may hope to enjoy
ages with more equable and better climates, especially as regards
the colder regions of the earth.”

By the 1930s, at least one scientist would start to claim that carbon
emissions might already be having a warming effect. British engineer
Guy Stewart Callendar noted that the United States and North
Atlantic region had warmed significantly on the heels of the ​Industrial
Revolution​.

Callendar’s calculations suggested that a doubling of CO2 in Earth’s

atmosphere could warm Earth by 2 degrees C (3.6 degrees F). He
would continue to argue into the 1960s that a greenhouse-effect
warming of the planet was underway.

While Callendar’s claims were largely met with skepticism, he

managed to draw attention to the possibility of global warming. That
attention played a part in garnering some of the first
government-funded projects to more closely monitor climate and
CO2 levels.

Keeling Curve
Most famous among those research projects was a monitoring
station established in 1958 by the Scripps Institution of
Oceanography on top of Hawaii’s Mauna Loa Observatory.

Scripps geochemist Charles Keeling was instrumental in outlining a

way to record CO2 levels and in securing funding for the observatory,
which was positioned in the center of the Pacific Ocean.

Data from the observatory revealed what would become known as

the “Keeling Curve.” The upward, saw tooth-shaped curve showed a
steady rise in CO2 levels, along with short, jagged up-and-down
levels of the gas produced by repeated wintering and greening of the
Northern Hemisphere.

The dawn of advanced computer modeling in the 1960s began to

predict possible outcomes of the rise in CO2 levels made evident by
the Keeling Curve. Computer models consistently showed that a
doubling of CO2 could produce a warming of 2 degrees C or 3.6
degrees F within the next century.

Still, the models were preliminary and a century seemed a very long
time away.

1970s Scare: A Cooling Earth

In the early 1970s, a different kind of climate worry took hold: global
cooling. As more people became concerned about pollutants people
were emitting into the atmosphere, some scientists theorized the
pollution could block sunlight and cool Earth.

In fact, Earth did cool somewhat between 1940-1970 due to a

postwar boom in aerosol pollutants which reflected sunlight away
from the planet. The idea that sunlight-blocking pollutants could chill
Earth caught on in the media, as in a 1974 Time magazine article
titled “Another ​Ice Age​?”

But as the brief cooling period ended and temperatures resumed

their upward climb, warnings by a minority of scientists that Earth
was cooling were dropped. Part of the reasoning was that while smog
could remain suspended in the air for weeks, CO2 could persist in
the atmosphere for centuries.

1988: Global Warming Gets Real

The early 1980s would mark a sharp increase in global temperatures.
Many experts point to 1988 as a critical turning point when watershed
events placed global warming in the spotlight.

The summer of 1988 was the hottest on record (although many since
then have been hotter). 1988 also saw widespread drought and
wildfires within the United States.

Scientists sounding the alarm about climate change began to see

media and the public paying closer attention. NASA scientist James
Hansen delivered testimony and presented models to congress in
June of 1988, saying he was “99 percent sure” that global warming
was upon us.

IPCC
One year later, in 1989, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) was established under the United Nations to provide
a scientific view of climate change and its political and economic
impacts.

As global warming gained currency as a real phenomenon,

researchers dug into possible ramifications of a warming climate.
Among the predictions were warnings of severe heat waves,
droughts and more powerful hurricanes fueled by rising sea surface
temperatures.

Other studies predicted that as massive glaciers at the poles melt,

sea levels could rise between 11 and 38 inches (28 to 98
centimeters) by 2100, enough to swamp many of the cities along the
east coast of the United States.

Kyoto Protocol: United States In,

Then Out
Government leaders began discussions to try and stem the outflow of
greenhouse gas emissions to prevent the most dire predicted
outcomes. The first global agreement to reduce greenhouse gases,
the Kyoto Protocol, was adopted in 1997.

The protocol, which was signed by President ​Bill Clinton​, called for
reducing the emission of six greenhouse gases in 41 countries plus
the European Union to 5.2 percent below 1990 levels during the
target period of 2008 to 2012.

In March 2001, shortly after taking office, President ​George W.

Bush​announced the United States would not implement the Kyoto
Protocol, saying the protocol was “fatally flawed in fundamental
ways” and citing concerns that the deal would hurt the U.S. economy.
An Inconvenient Truth
That same year, the IPCC issued its third report on climate change,
saying that global warming, unprecedented since the end of the last
ice age, is “very likely,” with highly damaging future impacts. Five
years later, in 2006, former Vice President and presidential
candidate ​Al Gore​ weighed in on the dangers of global warming with
the debut of his film ​An Inconvenient Truth.​

Politicization over climate change, however, would continue, with

some skeptics arguing that predictions presented by the IPCC and
publicized in media like Gore’s film were overblown.

Among those expressing skepticism over global warming was future

U.S. president ​Donald Trump​. On November 6, 2012, Trump tweeted
“The concept of global warming was created by and for the Chinese
in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive.”

Paris Climate Agreement: United

States In, Then Out
The United States, under President ​Barack Obama​, would sign onto
another milestone treaty on climate change, the Paris Climate
Agreement, in 2015. In that agreement, 195 countries pledged to set
targets for their own greenhouse gas cuts and to report their
progress.

The backbone of the Paris Climate Agreement was a declaration to

prevent a global temperature rise of 2 degrees C (3.6 degrees F).
Many experts considered 2 degrees C of warming to be a critical
limit, which, if surpassed will lead to increasing risk of more deadly
heat waves, droughts, storms and rising global sea levels.
The election of Donald Trump in 2016 led to the United States
declaring it would withdraw from the Paris treaty. President Trump,
citing the “onerous restrictions” imposed by the accord, stated that he
could not “in good conscience support a deal that punishes the
United States.”

That same year, independent analyses by NASA and the National

Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) found Earth’s 2016
surface temperatures to be the warmest since modern record
keeping began in 1880. And in October 2018, the U.N.'s
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change issued a ​report​ that
concluded "rapid, far-reaching" actions are needed to cap global
warming at 1.5 Celsius (2.7 Fahrenheit) and avert the most dire,
irreversible consequences for the planet.

Sources
The Discovery of Global Warming, by Spencer R. Weart. (​Harvard
University Press​, 2008).
The Thinking Person’s Guide to Climate Change, by Robert Henson.
(​AMS Books​, 2014).
“Another Ice Age?” ​Time​.
“Why we know about the greenhouse gas effect” ​Scientific American​.
The History of the Keeling Curve, ​Scripps Institute of Oceanography​.
Remembering the Drought of 1988, ​NASA Earth Observatory​.
Sea Level Rise, ​National Geographic/reference​.
“Guy Stewart Callendar: Global warming discovery marked,” ​BBC
News​.
President Bush Discusses Global Climate Change, ​The White
House, President George W. Bush​.
“Why the Paris talks won’t prevent 2 degrees of global
warming,” ​PBS News Hour​.
Statement by President Trump on the Paris Climate Accord, ​The
White House​.
“Trump Will Withdraw U.S. From Paris Climate Agreement,” ​The New
York Times​.
“NASA, NOAA Data Show 2016 Warmest Year on Record
Globally,” ​NASA​.

 
Citation Information
Article Title
Climate Change History

Author
History.com Editors

Website Name
HISTORY

URL
https://www.history.com/topics/natural-disasters-and-environment/history-of-climate-chan
ge