Experiment No.

2
V-Bending
Objective:
To bend a sheet into required shape of given thickness (4.5 mm to 6
mm) by using hydraulic press.
Procedure:
 Take the sheet metal of given lenght and hold care fully .
 Take the measurements according to requirements by using
measuring tools such as meter or try square.
 Mark the areas by using marking tools.
 Make the required shape according to measurements by a
hydraulic press machine by operating it carefully.

Bending:
Bending is a common metalworking process used in sheet-metal
forming to fabricate curve shaped products of various sizes, such as
parts of automobiles, aircraft, and ships. In addition to various
consumer products, such as kitchenware and sanitary products,
depicted.

V-Bending:
In v-bending, a wedge-shaped punch forces the metal sheet or strip into
a wedge-shaped die cavity.
The bend angle may be acute 90°, or obtuse. As the punch descends,
the contact forces at the die corner produce a sufficiently large bending
moment at the punch corner to cause the necessary deformation. To
maintain the deformation to be plane strain, the side creep of the part
during its bending is prevented or reduced by incorporating a spring-
loaded knurled pin in the die.
 Fig:01
Principle of V-Bending:
The V-die bending process is the bending of a V-shaped part in a single
die. The principle is that the workpiece is bent between a V-shaped
punch and die. The force acting on the punch causes punch
displacement and then the workpiece is bent. The workpiece is initially
bent as an elastic deformation. With continued downward motion by
the punch, plastic deformation sets in when the stresses exceed the
elastic limit. This plastic deformation starts on the outer and inner
surfaces directly underneath the punch. The greatest tensile stress is
generated on the outer surface, whereas the greatest compressive
stress is generated on the inner surface; these stresses decreasingly
propagate inward toward the workpiece. The clearance between the
punch and the die in V-die bending is commonly dependent of the
workpiece thickness. The usual thickness of the workpiece in the V-die
bending process ranges from approximately 0.5 to 25 mm.
Edge Bending:
In edge bending, a flat punch forces the stock against the vertical force
of the die. The bend axis is parallel to the edge of the die and the stock,
is subjected.

Fig:02
Classification of V-Bending Process:
The basic advantages of the V-die bending process are as follows:
A simple tool design.
An economical setup times.
An enormous range of sizes and complex shapes that can be fabricated
for the part.

Metal Bending:
Metal bending process by which metal can be deformed when applying
force to the subject, which causes it to bend at an angle and form the
anticipated shape, which often results in it being in a ‘V’ or a ‘U’ shape.
A press brake is a tool used in order to bend sheet metal and uses a
punch and die to do this. Although press braking may seem straight
forward, it can be quite difficult to remain accurate throughout the
process. There are several types of press brakes which deliver different
levels of force applied, such as mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic to
name a few examples
Hydraulic Bending:
Hydraulic press brakes often have the latest technology incorporated
within them and are best used for precise bending of metal sheet,
which makes them a popular choice for sheet metal bending.

Fig:03
Tools used in Hydraulic Bending:
To produce work pieces with different radii, we have a great selection
of different tools for the sizes of bending radii. Especially for thicker
materials larger bending radii are necessary so that the material will not
tear or no creases appear.