Solar-Greenhouse Water Distillation System

A Research presented to the

Senior High School Department
Davao Doctors College, Inc.
Gen. Malvar Street, Davao City

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

For Work Immersion / Capstone Project Subject in
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

Berou, Lalhen M.
Cubillan, Auldrey Clyde V.
Francisco, Daniela Claire C.
Ingotan, Regin B.
Sabal, Mansor K.
Saguiguit, Prince Philip B.

Researchers

November 2019
General Overview

As reported by Cabacungan (2016), the Maynilad President and CEO Ramoncito

Fernandez stated that Metro Manila is at a very high risk of water crisis since the city
only depends on the Angat reservoir system which will not be able to meet the needs of
its more than 15b million inhabitants. Additionally, Newman (2019) reported that water
crisis in Cebu City is due to the low water production from wells, Mananga river,
Buhisam dam, and other various water facilities from Metro Cebu. The need of having
enough potable water is very important because it is one of the basic needs of our
human body. Unfortunately, Tacio (2014) reported that Davao City is one of the nine
major cities who has declared as a water critical area.

In addition, distilling water using solar energy is antique way of converting impure
water into potable water. Kumar,et.al. (2008) studied the effect of design, operational
and climatic parameters on efficiencies of passive solar stills. Kumar, together with
Akash, reviewed the effect of absorbing materials on the function of double slope single
basin and increased the efficiency by using black rubber by 38%, black ink by 45% and
black dye by 60% as absorbing material. Moreover, another accomplice of Kumar, Mario
et.al used tubes to design a solar still to purify sea water. It is concluded that water
productivity is depend on solar radiation intensity.

It is found that using solar-powered ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED)

microbial water treatment system can be a viable solution for improving the water quality
of selected wells in Panobolon Island located at the Island of Guimaras. The
researchers found that the water that were tested from the selected wells contained
Escherichia Coli or known as E. Coli that causes abdominal pain and damages on
intestines (Jeco, Larroder, Oguma, 2019).

An investigation was conducted about the optimization of different parameters of the

solar powered water distillation process. Sifat and Uddin (2015) discussed and evaluate
the different individual factor that can affect the the performance of the basin type water
distillation process. It is said to be that using the thermal circuit, mathematical equation
of conduction, convection, and radiation process can be determined. In addition, the
maximum output of the the distillation process is possible in the month of March 2015 to
April 2015.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine that the solar-greenhouse distillation system is

effective in purifying rain water in Davao City for drinking use. Also, the study will be
conducted approximately for three to four months, starting form December 2019 until
March 2020. The following questions are to be answered as the study goes an in-depth
and thorough observation and analysing:

1. How effective is the solar-greenhouse distillation system in purifying rain water?

 2. How does the purifying rain water using the solar-greenhouse distillation system
be able to help in the community?
3. To what extent does the rain water needs to be exposed to the solar-greenhouse
for it to be purified?

Hypothesis

H O1 : The solar-greenhouse distillation system is not effective and cannot purify rain

water on its own.

Scope and Delimitation

The main focus of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the

Solar-Greenhouse Distillation System in purifying rain water. Moreover, this study was
conducted in Davao City and utilized the rain water as the samples from the reservoirs
of Davao Doctors College, Davao Christian High School, Ateneo de Davao University,
and Davao Water District. to determine the effectiveness of the distillation system will be
determined by observing the rain water’s composition before and after exposing it with
the solar-greenhouse distillation system. The rain water sample will be collected within
Davao City only who uses rain water reservoir.

Significance of the Study

To the environment, this study will be beneficial in giving significant ideas in

preserving water consumption.

To the community, this study can provide knowledge on community members on

how solar distillation works and can be an alternative way for distilling rain water. Also,
this can contribute to the community who do not use rain water reservoir as their source
of water because they can lessen their water consumption.

To the future researchers, this study will provide baseline data that is needed for
future researches, and the findings shall serve as their reference for future investigation
related to this concern.

METHODOLOGY

In line with this section is the design of the study and the methods of making the
solar-greenhouse.
Research Design

A. Control Group

Pre-test Treatment Post-test

Test and observe No treatment Test and observe

the compositions of applied the composition of
the rain water 1 the rain water 1
sample sample

Figure 1.1 The Treatment of the Rain Water 1 Control Group

Pre-test Treatment Post-test

Test and observe No treatment Test and observe

the compositions of applied the composition of
the rain water 2 the rain water 2
sample sample

Figure 1.2 The Treatment of the Rain Water 2 Control Group

Pre-test Treatment Post-test

Test and observe No treatment Test and observe

the compositions of applied the composition of
the rain water 3 the rain water 3
sample sample

Figure 1.3 The Treatment of the Rain Water 3 Control Group

 Pre-test Treatment Post-test

Test and observe No treatment Test and observe

the compositions of applied the composition of
the rain water 4 the rain water 4
sample sample

Figure 1.4 The Treatment of the Rain Water 4 Control Group

Pre-test Treatment Post-test

Test and observe No treatment Test and observe

the compositions of applied the composition of
the rain water 5 the rain water 5
sample sample

Figure 1.5 The Treatment of the Rain Water 5 Control Group

B. Experimental Group

Pre-test Treatment Post-test

Test and observe
the compositions of
the rain water 1
samples
Put the rain water Test and observe
into the solar- the composition of
greenhouse and the rain water 1
expose it to the sun samples
for 4 hours

Figure 1.6 The Treatment of the Rain Water 1 Experimental Group

Pre-test Treatment Post-test

Test and observe Put the rain water Test and observe
the compositions of into the solar- the composition of
the rain water 2 greenhouse and the rain water 2
sample expose it to the sun sample
for 4 hours

Figure 1.7 The Treatment of the Rain Water 2 Experimental Group

Pre-test Treatment Post-test

Test and observe Put the rain water Test and observe
the compositions of into the solar- the composition of
the rain water 3 greenhouse and the rain water 3
sample expose it to the sun sample
for 4 hours

Figure 1.8 The Treatment of the Rain Water 3 Experimental Group

Pre-test Treatment Post-test

Test and observe Put the rain water Test and observe
the compositions of into the solar- the composition of
the rain water 4 greenhouse and the rain water 4
sample expose it to the sun sample
for 4 hours

Figure 1.9 The Treatment of the Rain Water 4 Experimental Group

 Pre-test Treatment Post-test

Test and observe
the compositions of
the rain water 5
sample
Put the rain water Test and observe
into the solar- the composition of
greenhouse and the rain water 5
expose it to the sun sample
for 4 hours

Figure 1.10 The Treatment of the Rain Water 5 Experimental Group

The research design that was utilized in this study was the Pretest - Post-test
Controlled Group where in no treatment or intervention was applied to the rain water
control group. However, in terms of the rain water experimental group, there is a
treatment applied which means that the rain water samples were put into the evaporator
and exposed to the sun for 4 hours. Both control and experimental groups were tested
and observed before and after the treatment.

Materials/Tools

The materials that will be used in this study are the following:
- 2 aluminum sheets (18x30cm,18x45cm, 25x46cm, 25x30cm, 10x46cm, and
10x31cm)
- bended aluminum sheets
- 2 transparent mirrors (20x40cm)
- 2 plane mirrors (26x30cm)
- 4 woods (50x5.1cm, 45x5.1cm, 30x5.1cm, 26x5.1cm)
- 16 woods (20x5.1cm)
- wood (20x15cm)
- silicon gun
- hammer and nails
- rivets
- pen’s case
Procedure
Phase 1: The Stand
Prepare the 4 woods with the
dimension of 50x5.1cm, 45x5.1cm,
26x5.1cm and 30x5.1cm, 16
woods with the dimension of
20x5.1cm, and 2 26x30cm plane
mirrors.
Repeat this step 2 and 3 until
achieved a rectangular-cube like
shape.
Nail each 20x5.1cm wood at each
corner of the rectangular-cube like
shape. It will serve as the support
for the stand.
Make the stand of the
solar-greenhouse by nailing the
50x5.1cm wood to the end of
45x5.1cm wood.
Nail a 50x5.1cm wood to the other
side of the 45x5.1cm wood.
Repeat this step until achieved a
rectangular-cube like shape.
Attach the 26x5.1cm wood the
both sides forming a 45 degree
angle.

Phase 2: Evaporator
Prepare 2 each of 18x30cm, and
18x45cm, a 45x30cm aluminum
sheet, rivets, and bended
aluminum sheets.
Phase 3: Condenser
Prepare the 2 25x46cm and
25x30cm, 10x46cm, and 10x31cm
aluminum sheet, 2 20x40cm
transparent mirrors, silicon gun,
rivets, and bended aluminum
sheets.
Put the plane mirrors to the angled
wood with an adhesive.
Form a rectangular box around the
45x30cm using the 2 18x30cm
aluminum sheets and 2 18x45cm
aluminum sheets. Put the following
together using rivets and bended
metal sheets.
Make sure that it fits to the stand
that you made.
Attach the 2 25x46cm using
bended aluminum sheet and rivets.
Angle them until the sheet forms a
roof-like form.
 Use the 7x46cm aluminum sheet
and attach it to the roof so that it
will serve as the cover of the
evaporator. Use rivets and bended
metal sheets to put it together.
Using the 10x46cm aluminum
sheet, bend 3cm of the length.
Repeat step 5-7 but with a
10x31cm aluminum sheet.
Measure the sides of the roof and
use rivets and bended aluminum
sheets to put the 25x30cm
aluminum sheet.
Bend another 1cm from the bended
3cm of the length. It will form like a
scoop-like for the condensed water
to drip down.
7x46cm is the new dimension of
this aluminum sheet. Attach it to
the longer side of the roof so that it
will serve as the cover of the
evaporator. Use rivets and bended
metal sheets to put it together.
 Cut a rectangle shape in the roof
with a 2.5cm gap on all sides. Attach the transparent mirror the
Repeat this step on both sides of rectangular hole using a silicon
the roof. gun.

Make a hole to the right side of the

roof and use a silicon gun to stick
the pen’s case. Make sure that the
hole matches the hole of the pen
perfectly so that it will have a
smooth path.

Statistical Treatment

In analysing the performance of the solar-greenhouse distillation system and the

data from the rain water samples, the following tools were utilized:

Qualitative analysis. Qualitative analysis focuses on in-depth reasoning and quality of

results. This tool will employ to explain the effectiveness of the solar-greenhouse
distillation system, as well as describe how would the distillation system be able to help
the community regarding the lessening of water consumption.

Frequency. This will employ to determine the frequency counts of how many
experiments were conducted, and determine the duration of the distillation process.
Reference

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Jeco, B.M.F.Y., Larroder, A.C., Oguma, K. (2019). Technosocial feasibility analysis of

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