Economic and Social Statistics of SL 2018 e 0

2018
ii
Central Bank of Sri Lanka

Statistics Department
Tel. : 2477377
Fax : 2477728
E-mail : dst@cbsl.lk
Web site : http://www.cbsl.gov.lk
Volume XL
ISSN 1391 - 3611

ISBN 978 - 955 - 575 - 368 - 5
July 2018
Price : Rs. 300/-
Printed at Central Bank Printing Press, 58, Sri Jayewardenepura Mawatha, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka.
Published by Statistics Department
Central Bank of Sri Lanka, 30, Janadhipathi Mawatha, Colombo 01, Sri Lanka.
iii
CONTENTS
1 KEY SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS 4 NATIONAL ACCOUNTS

Sri Lanka – Country Profile 1 4.1 Summary of National Accounts 27
1.1 Real Sector 2 4.2 GDP, GNI and Deflators (Factor Cost Prices)
1.2 Agriculture and Industry 3 1970 – 2017 28
1.3 Price and Wages 4 4.3 Gross Domestic Product at Constant Prices
1970 – 2017 29
1.4 Infrastructure 4
4.4 Gross Domestic Product at Current Prices
1.5 External Sector 5
1970 – 2017 30
1.6 Money and Interest Rates 6
4.5 Gross National Income by Industrial Origin
1.7 Money and Capital Markets 7 at Constant (2010) Prices 31
1.8 Government Finance 8 4.6 Gross National Income by Industrial Origin
1.9 Financial Institutions 8 at Current Market Prices 32
Selected Socio-Economic Indicators 4.7 Composition of Gross Domestic Product
– Graphical Illustrations 9 at Current Market Prices 33
4.8 Investment and Savings
2 CLIMATE (Current Market Prices) 34

4.9 Quarterly Estimates of GDP
2.1 Mean Temperature 11 [at (2010) Constant Prices] 34
2.2 Rainfall and Rainy Days 4.10 Aggregate Demand 35
– Hydro-Catchment Areas 11 4.11 Provincial Gross Domestic Product
2.3 Rainfall and Rainy Days by Industrial Origin at Current Market Prices 36
– Selected Stations 12
4.12 Provincial Gross Domestic Product by Industrial
2.4 Humidity 13 Origin at Current Market Prices – 2015 37
4.13 Provincial Gross Domestic Product by Industrial
3 POPULATION AND LABOUR FORCE Origin at Current Market Prices – 2016 39
3.1 Population by District and Sector

2001 and 2012 14 5 AGRICULTURE
3.2 Population by Religion and Ethnicity 5.1 Tea 41
– Census Years 14
5.2 Rubber 42
3.3 Population by District, Religion and Ethnicity
5.3 Coconut 43
– 2012 Census 15
5.4 Minor Export Crops 44
3.4 Mid Year Population by Age Group 15
5.5 Paddy 45
3.5 Mid Year Population by Province and District 16
5.6 Subsidiary Food Crops 46
3.6 Population Density 17
5.7 Principal Crops by Province 47
3.7 Vital Statistics 17
5.8 Agricultural Crops – Yields, Farmgate Prices
3.8 Crude Birth Rates and Death Rates by District 18
and Costs of Cultivation – 2016 48
3.9 Labour Force 19
5.9 Agricultural Crops – Yields, Farmgate Prices
3.10 Employment 20 and Costs of Cultivation – 2017 49
3.11 Unemployment 21 5.10 Fish and Livestock 50
3.12 Public Sector Employment 22 5.11 National Livestock Statistics by District – 2016 51
3.13 Migration for Foreign Employment 23 5.12 National Livestock Statistics by District – 2017 51
3.14 Departures for Foreign Employment 5.13 Livestock and Poultry
by Country 24 – Average Producer Prices – 2016 52
3.15 Departures for Foreign Employment 5.14 Livestock and Poultry
by Skill Level, Age Group and Gender 25 – Average Producer Prices – 2017 52
3.16 Departures for Foreign Employment 5.15 Fish Production 53
by District, Province and Gender 26
5.16 Operating Fishing Craft by Province and Type 53
5.17 Cultivation Loans – Refinance Credit Schemes 54
(Continued)
iv
CONTENTS
5.18 Plantation Sector 7.17 All Island Average Wages in the Informal Sector
– Manpower, Extent, Production and Yield 55 – 2017 81
5.19 Settlements and Land Cultivated 7.18 Cost Indices for Construction 82
under Mahaweli Programme 56
8 EXTERNAL TRADE AND FINANCE

6 INDUSTRY 8.1 Summary of External Trade 83
6.1 Sugar 57 8.2 Selected Exports 84
6.2 Milk and Milk Products 57 8.3 Selected Imports 84
6.3 Textiles 58 8.4 Imports by Major Categories 85
6.4 Petroleum 59 8.5 Direction of Trade – Exports 86
6.5 Minerals 59 8.6 Direction of Trade – Imports 87
6.6 Cement 60 8.7 Central Bank Trade Indices – Value 88
6.7 Electricity 60 8.8 Central Bank Trade Indices – Volume 88
6.8 Gross Generation of Electricity 8.9 Central Bank Trade Indices – Unit Value 89
by Power Stations – 2016 and 2017 61
8.10 Exchange Rates – Year End 89
6.9 Electricity Sales by Province 62
8.11 Balance of Payments 90
6.10 Water – Consumers, Consumption
8.12 Workers’ Remittances 93
and Revenue by Province 63
8.13 Tourism 94
6.11 Board of Investment (BOI) Enterprises 65
8.14 External Debt and Debt Service Payments 95
7 PRICES AND WAGES

9 MONEY AND CAPITAL MARKETS
7.1 Consumer Price Indices 66
9.1 Reserve Money 96
7.2 Consumer Price Indices
– National Consumer Price Index 67 9.2 Money Supply 97
7.3 Producer’s Price Index 67 9.3 Broad Money Supply (M2b) 98
7.4 Colombo Consumers’ Price Index (1952=100) 68 9.4 Interest Rates 99
7.5 Average Retail Prices of 9.5 Government Debt Securities Market 100
Selected Consumer Items 69 9.6 Share Market Indicators 101
7.6 Average Retail Prices of Selected Food Items 9.7 Share Trading Indicators
by Provinces 71 by Business Sector 102
7.7 Average Producer Prices of Selected Items 72 9.8 Share Trading Indicators
7.8 Average Producer Prices of by Major Companies 106
Selected Food Items by Provinces 73 9.9 Share Issues 108
7.9 Retail Prices of Selected Food Items
in Selected Districts – 2016 74
10 GOVERNMENT FINANCE
7.10 Retail Prices of Selected Food Items in Selected
Districts – 2017 75 10.1 Summary of Fiscal Operations 109
7.11 Nominal Wage Rate Indices 1965 – 2017 76 10.2 Functional Classification
7.12 Average Daily Wage Rates of Recurrent Expenditure 110
in Selected Activities 77 10.3 Functional Classification
7.13 Minimum Wage Rate Indices of Workers of Capital Expenditure and Lending 110
in Wages Board Trades 78 10.4 Government Revenue 111
7.14 Wage Rate Indices 10.5 Central Government Domestic Debt 112
of Government Employees 79 10.6 Central Government Foreign Debt 113
7.15 Wage Rate Indices of Informal Private Sector 10.7 Revenue and Expenditure
Employees 80 of Provincial Councils 114
7.16 All Island Average Wages in the Informal Sector
– 2016 80
(Continued)
v
CONTENTS
11 BANKING AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS 13.8 Government School Teachers and Pupils
by Province and District 143
11.1 Assets and Liabilities of the Central Bank 115 13.9 Government Schools
11.2 Selected Financial Highlights by Size of Student Population 144
of Commercial Banks 116 13.10 Government School Teachers
11.3 Assets and Liabilities of Commercial Banks 117 by Category of Appointment 146
11.4 Mobilization of Deposits by Type of Deposit 118 13.11 New Admissions in Government Schools 148
11.5 Deposits of Commercial Banks by Ownership 118 13.12 Government Schools
11.6 Commercial Banks’ Loans and Advances by Type, Pupils and Teachers 149
to the Private Sector 119 13.13 Performance of Candidates
11.7 Number of Bank Branches by Province 120 – GCE (O/L) and GCE (A/L) 149
11.8 Bank Branches and Banking Density by District 121 13.14 GCE (O/L) Examination
– Performance of School Candidates 150
11.9 Bank Branch Network 122
13.15 GCE (A/L) Examination
11.10 Non-Bank Financial Institutions 123
– Performance of School Candidates 150
11.11 Unit Trusts 124
13.16 University Education 151
11.12 Summary of Co-operative Rural Banks
13.17 Eligibility, Admission and Enrollment
and Credit Societies 124
of Students for University Education 152
13.18 University Admission by Province and District 153
12 TRANSPORTATION 13.19 University Admission
by Academic Stream and District 154
12.1 Road Network 125
13.20 University Admission
12.2 Road Kilometerage by Province
by Academic Stream and Ethnicity 156
and District – 2017 125
13.21 Technical Colleges 157
12.3 Road Kilometerage by Province 126
13.22 Health Services 158
12.4 Motor Vehicles by Province 127
13.23 Selected Public Health Personnel 159
12.5 New Registration of Motor Vehicles 128
13.24 Public Health Personnel by District – 2016 160
12.6 SLTB / Regional Bus Companies 128
13.25 Activities of Health Campaigns 161
12.7 Sri Lanka Railways 129
13.26 Postal Services 162
12.8 Aviation – SriLankan Airlines 130
13.27 Telecommunication Services 163
12.9 Port Services 130
13.28 Mass Media 163
12.10 Selected Public Transport Indicators
by Province 131 13.29 Prisoners 164
13.30 Prisoners by District 165
13 SOCIO – ECONOMIC SERVICES 13.31 Selected Demography of Prisoners 166
13.1 National Level Findings of the

Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES)
14 SRI LANKA AND ASIA
by Survey Period – Sri Lanka 132
14.1 Demographic Indicators:
13.2 Average Monthly Household Expenditure on SAARC Countries 167
Selected Food/Non-Food Items
14.2 Demographic Indicators:
by HIES Survey Period – Sri Lanka 133
Selected East Asian Countries 167
13.3 Poverty Indicators by Sector, Province
14.3 National Accounts Indicators:
and District 134
SAARC Countries 168
13.4 Daily Average Dietary Energy Consumption
14.4 National Accounts Indicators:
per Person by Poverty Status, Sector, Province
and District – 2012/13 and 2016 135
14.5 Inflation: Sri Lanka and Selected Countries 170
13.5 Housing Conditions and Ownership of Durable
Goods – 2009/10, 2012/13 and 2016 136 14.6 External Trade and Finance Indicators:
SAARC Countries 171
13.6 Key Socio-Economic Indicators
– 2009/10, 2012/13 and 2016 139 14.7 External Trade and Finance Indicators:
13.7 General Education 142
(Continued)
vi
CONTENTS
14.8 Monetary and Fiscal Operations:
SAARC Countries 173
15 WORLD TABLES
14.9 Monetary and Fiscal Operations: 15.1 World Tea Production

Selected East Asian Countries 174 – Land Area, Exports and Imports 177
14.10 Social Indicators: 15.2 Growth of Real GDP 179
SAARC Countries 175 15.3 Consumer Price Changes 180
14.11 Social Indicators: 15.4 Exports 181
Selected East Asian Countries 175 15.5 Imports 182
14.12 Doing Business Ranking – 2018: 15.6 Human Development Index (HDI)
SAARC Countries 176 and Sub Indices of HDI – 2015 183
14.13 Doing Business Ranking – 2018: 15.7 Human Development Index 184
1
KEY SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS
Sri Lanka – Country Profile
Sq.km. ’000 ha. Mn. acres SOCIAL INDICATORS

AREA Gross 65,610 6,561.0 16.2
Human Development Index (2015) – 0.766
Excluding Inland Waters 62,705 6,270.5 15.5
(min.0.0, max. 1.0)
Temperature (2017) Low Country, min. 24.4 ºC max. 32.0 ºC Life Expectancy, Years (2015) – 75.0
(75.9) ºF (89.6) ºF (Average)
CLIMATE Hill Country, min. 16.6 ºC max. 26.1 ºC
(61.9) ºF (79.0) ºF Literacy Rate(a), % (2016)
Annual Rainfall (Avg.) (2017) – 1,757 mm Average 93.1
Male 94.1
Mid-year Population(b)(c) (’000) 21,203 (2016) 21,444 (2017) Female 92.2
Population Growth (%) 1.1 (2016) 1.1 (2017)

ECONOMY
Mid Year
Land Area Density of REAL SECTOR
Province Population
(Sq.km.) Population
(2017) ’000 GDP at Market Prices(d) Rs Bn. US$ Bn.
Western 6,081 3,593 1,692 2015(e) 10,951 80.6
Central 2,722 5,575 488 2016(b)(e) 11,907 81.8
Southern 2,611 5,383 485 2017(b)(e) 13,317 87.4
Northern 1,119 8,290 135 Per Capita GDP(d) Rs. US$
Eastern 1,677 9,361 179 2015(e) 522,304 3,842
North Western 2,508 7,506 334 2016(b)(e) 561,560 3,857
DEMOGRAPHY
North Central 1,349 9,741 138 2017(b)(e) 621,026 4,073

Uva 1,349 8,335 162 Growth of GDP (in Real Terms)(d) %
Sabaragamuwa 2,028 4,921 412 2015(e) 5.0
Total 21,444 62,705 342 2016(b)(e) 4.5
2017(b)(e) 3.3
Composition of Population (Census of Population and Housing – 2012) Sectoral Composition of GDP(d), %
Agri- Indus- Servi- Taxes less
By Ethnicity % By Religion %
culture try ces Subsidies
Sinhalese 74.9 Buddhist 70.1
on Products
Sri Lankan Tamil 11.2 Hindu 12.6
2015(e) 7.7 26.2 56.6 9.4
Indian Tamil 4.1 Islam 9.7
2016(b)(e) 7.1 26.6 56.7 9.6
Christian & Roman
Sri Lankan Moor 9.3
Catholic 7.6 2017(b)(e) 6.8 26.9 56.7 9.6
Other 0.5
Other 0.0 Unemployment(a), % of Labour Force
By Sector % By Age Groups % 2015 4.7
Urban 18.2 0 – 14 25.2 2016 4.4
Rural 77.4 15 – 59 62.4 2017 4.2
Estate 4.4 60 & above 12.4 Inflation : Change of CCPI(f)
(Annual Avg.) %
2015 2.2
2015 2016 2017(b)
2016 4.0
Exports (Goods, Services) Rs.Bn. 2,301 2,540 2,915 2017 6.6
EXTERNAL SECTOR
US$ Mn. 16,943 17,448 19,120

MONETARY SECTOR
Imports (Goods, Services) Rs.Bn. 3,126 3,414 3,873
US$ Mn. 23,006 23,442 25,401 Reserve Money Rs.Bn. Growth %
2015 673.4 16.5
External Assets(g) Rs.Bn. 1,345 1,263 1,595
2016 856.1 27.1
US$ Mn. 9,337 8,433 10,436
2017(b) 939.8 9.8
External Debt Rs.Bn. 6,460 6,899 7,922
Narrow Money (M1) Rs.Bn. Growth %
US$ Mn. 44,839 46,418 51,824
2015 715.0 16.8
% of GDP 55.7 56.8 59.5
2016 776.6 8.6
Exchange Rate (Avg.) Rs./US$ 135.94 145.60 152.46 2017(b) 793.3 2.1
Rs./SDR 190.16 202.39 211.49 Broad Money (M2) Rs.Bn. Growth %
FISCAL SECTOR
Revenue and Grants Rs.Bn. 1,460.9 1,693.6 1,839.6 2015 4,057.2 17.2
2016 4,823.6 18.9
Expenditure & Net Lending Rs.Bn. 2,290.4 2,333,9 2,573.1 2017(b) 5,665.3 17.5
Budget Deficit Rs.Bn. -829.5 -640.3 -733.5 Broad Money (M2b) Rs.Bn. Growth %
% of GDP -7.6(h) -5.4(h) -5.5(i) 2015 4,565.9 17.8
Central Government Debt Rs.Bn. 8,503.2 9,387.3 10,313.0 2016 5,405.6 18.4
% of GDP 77.7(h) 78.8(h) 77.4 2017(b) 6,308.1 16.7
(a) Based on Quarterly Labour Force Survey, (d) The data is based on the base year 2010 GDP (g) Calculated at market value and includes Asian Clearing Union receipts.
Department of Census and Statistics. estimates of the Department of Census and Statistics. (h) Based on revised GDP estimates for 2015 and 2016 made available on
(b) Provisional. (e) Revised 20 March 2018 by the Department of Census and Statistics.
(c) Based on Census of Population and Housing – 2012. (f) Based on CCPI (2013 = 100) (i) Based on revised GDP estimates for 2017 made available on
18 June 2018 by the Department of Census and Statistics.
2
Table 1.1
Real Sector 2009 – 2017
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Demography
Mid Year Population(b), ’000 20,476 20,675 20,892 20,425 20,585 20,771(a) 20,966(a) 21,203(a) 21,444(a)
Mid Year Population Growth, % 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.9(a) 0.9(a) 1.1(a) 1.1(a)
Labour Force, Participation Rate %
(% of Household Population)(c) 48.7(d) 48.1(d) 52.9(e) 52.5(e) 53.7(e) 53.2(e) 53.8(e) 53.8(e) 54.1(e)
Unemployment, % of Labour Force(c) 5.8(d) 4.9(d) 4.2(e) 4.0(e) 4.4(e) 4.3(e) 4.7(e) 4.4(e) 4.2(e)
National Accounts(f)
GNI (Market Prices) : Rs. Bn. 4,779 6,344 7,147 8,578 9,366 10,125 10,676(g) 11,585(a)(g) 12,961(g)
US $ Bn. 41.6 56.1 64.6 67.2 72.5 77.6 78.5(g) 79.6(a)(g) 85.0(g)
Per Capita GNI(h) : Rs. 233,419 306,839 342,096 419,955 454,993 487,462 509,200(g) 546,408(a)(g) 604,412(g)
US $ 2,031 2,714 3,094 3,291 3,524 3,734 3,746(g) 3,753(a)(g) 3,964(g)
GDP (Market Prices) : Rs. Bn. 4,835 6,414 7,219 8,732 9,592 10,361 10,951(g) 11,907(a)(g) 13,317(g)
US $ Bn. 42.1 56.7 65.3 68.4 74.3 79.4 80.6(g) 81.8(a)(g) 87.4(g)
Real GDP Growth, % 3.5 8.0(i) 8.4 9.1 3.4 5.0 5.0(g) 4.5(a)(g) 3.3(g)
GDP by Economic Activities,

Constant Prices,% of GDP(f)
Agriculture 12.0 8.5 8.2 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.7(g) 7.1(a)(g) 6.8(g)
Industry 28.6 26.6 26.9 26.8 27.0 26.9 26.2(g) 26.6(a)(g) 26.9(g)
Services 59.3 54.6 54.9 55.9 56.2 56.1 56.6(g) 56.7(a)(g) 56.7(g)
Taxes less Subsidies on Products – 10.2 10.0 9.4 9.0 9.2 9.4(g) 9.6(a)(g) 9.6(g)
Expenditure and Savings at

Current Market Prices, % of GDP(f)
Consumption 82.1 76.9 79.8 72.8 75.4 75.8 76.4(g) 72.4(a)(g) 70.5(g)
Private Consumption 64.4 68.5 71.3 65.2 67.6 67.4 67.4(g) 63.8(a)(g) 62.0(g)
Government Consumption 17.6 8.5 8.6 7.6 7.8 8.4 9.0(g) 8.5(a)(g) 8.5(g)
Investment 24.4 30.4 33.4 39.1 33.2 32.3 31.2(g) 35.0(a)(g) 36.7(g)
Domestic Savings 17.9 23.1 20.2 27.2 24.6 24.2 23.6(g) 27.6(a)(g) 29.5(g)
National Savings 23.7 28.5 26.3 33.3 29.9 29.8 28.8(g) 32.8(a)(g) 34.0(g)
Sources : Registrar General's Department

Department of Census and Statistics
(a) Provisional. (f) For 2009 the data is under the 2002 base year prices while 2010 onwards the
(b) Estimates upto 2011 are based on Census of Population and Housing 2001 data is based on the base year 2010 GDP estimates of the Department of
and from 2012 onwards, estimates are based on the Census of Population Census and Statistics.
and Housing 2012. (g) Revised.
(c) Data upto 2010 are for the household population aged 10 years and above (h) Estimates updated with latest population figures.
and data from 2011 onwards are for the household population aged 15 years (i) Data is under the 2002 base year.
and above.
n.a. – Not available
(d) Including Eastern Province and excluding Northern Province.
Note: In July 2016, the Department of Census and Statistics published a
(e) Data covers the entire island.
re-weighted and revised labour force data series for 2011 onwards.
Growth in Major Economic Activities (Constant 2010 Prices)

8.0
4.0
Per cent
0.0
--4.0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Agriculture Industry Services Real GDP Growth

3
Table 1.2
Agriculture and Industry
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Principal Agricultural Production

Paddy, M.T. ’000 3,652 4,301 3,894 3,846 4,621 3,381 4,819 4,420 2,383
Bushels, Mn. 175 206 187 184 221 162 231 212 114
Tea, Mn. Kgs. 291 331 328 328 340 338 329 293 308
Rubber, Mn. Kgs. 137 153 158 152 130 99 89 79 83
Coconut, Mn. Nuts 2,853 2,584 2,808 2,940 2,513 2,870 3,056 3,011 2,450
Agricultural Exports, Rs. Bn. 210.1 260.6 279.5 297.7 333.9 364.8 337.0 338.7 422.0
Tea 136.2 162.8 164.9 180.4 199.4 212.6 182.1 184.8 233.3
Rubber 11.3 19.6 22.8 15.7 9.2 5.9 3.5 4.8 5.9
Coconut 18.6 18.7 29.4 26.6 26.5 46.5 47.7 53.3 53.0
Other Agricultural Crops 43.9 59.5 62.4 75.0 98.8 99.7 103.7 95.9 129.7
Factory Industry Production Index(b)
(2010=100) 86.6 100.0 107.2 108.8 108.3 114.9 125.4 122.0 n. a.
Industrial Exports, Rs. Bn. 600.6 688.8 883.8 938.8 1,001.8 1,078.7 1,087.9 1,155.7 1,302.6
Textiles & Garments 374.6 379.2 463.5 508.6 583.0 643.7 654.8 710.8 767.3
Petroleum Products 15.4 29.8 61.2 58.9 55.1 44.1 50.5 41.8 66.3
Other Industrial Products 210.5 279.8 359.1 371.3 363.6 390.9 382.7 403.1 469.0
Petroleum Local Refined Products, MT ’000 1,828 1,589 1,814 1,432 1,526 1,640 1,581 1,624 1,540
Petrol 179 158 206 152 144 152 154 166 165
Auto Diesel 485 442 501 411 390 496 510 583 506
Kerosene 83 93 93 75 57 65 75 104 60
Furnace Oil 781 686 779 648 724 641 552 479 431
Aviation Fuel 195 126 155 93 125 168 155 148 236
Naphtha 105 84 80 71 87 117 135 144 142
BOI Enterprises
Investments, Rs. Bn. 774.2 861.1 1,032.6 1,280.8 1,512.0 1,755.7 1,991.8 2,179.8 2,571.4
Employment, ’000 478 426 451 476 483 485 n.a. n.a. n.a.
(a) Provisional Sources : Department of Census and Statistics

(b) FIPI based on ISIC Revision 4 classification. Sri Lanka Customs
n.a. – Not available Ceylon Petroleum Corporation and
other Exporters of Petroleum
Note : Industrial Production Index (IPI) has been renamed as
National Gem and Jewellery Authority
the Factory Industry Production Index (FIPI) in 2013.
Plantation Sector Production
400 3,250
3,000
300
2,750
Million Nuts
Million kgs.
200
2,500
100
2,250
0 2,000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Tea Rubber Coconut (Right)

4
Table 1.3
Price and Wages
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Price Indices – Twelve Month Average

Colombo Consumers’ Price Index (2002 = 100)(b) 206.8 219.1 – – – – – – –
Change ( % ) 3.4 5.9 – – – – – – –
(c)(d)
Colombo Consumer Price Index (2006/07 = 100) 133.6 141.9 151.5 162.9 174.2 179.9 181.5 188.3 –
Change ( % ) 3.5 6.2 6.7 7.6 6.9 3.3 0.9 3.7 –
Colombo Consumer Price Index (2013 = 100)(e) – – – – – 105.1 107.4 111.7 119.0
Change ( % ) – – – – – – 2.2 4.0 6.6
National Consumer Price Index (2013 = 100) – – – – – 105.5 109.5 113.8 122.6
Change ( % ) – – – – – – 3.8 4.0 7.7
Producer’s Price Index (2013 Quarter 4 = 100) – – – – – 101.6 105.3 107.1 125.3
Change ( % ) – – – – – – 3.6 1.7 17.0
Implicit GDP Deflator (1996 = 100) 315.8 338.9 351.8 389.9 414.3 426.3 429.1(f) 446.6(a)(f) 483.5(f)
(f) (a)(f)
Change ( % ) 5.9 7.3 3.8 10.8 6.2 2.9 0.6 4.1 8.3(f)
Construction Cost Index (1990 = 100) 456.3 465.9 490.9 550.9 590.4 604.9 621.3 643.4 677.0
Change ( % ) 2.6 2.1 5.4 12.2 7.2 2.5 2.7 3.6 5.2

Wage Rate Indices – Twelve Month Average
Central Govt. Employees (2012 = 100) – – – – 106.3 117.5 154.8 160.8 160.8
Change ( % ) – – – – – 10.5 31.7 3.9 0.0
Workers in Wages Board Trades (1978 Dec. = 100) 2,171.4 2,865.3 2,996.1 3,662.0 3,869.2 4,012.2 4,127.1 4,127.9 4,128.6
Change ( % ) 4.9 32.0 4.6 22.2 5.7 3.7 2.9 0.0 0.0
Informal Private Sector Employees (2012 = 100) – – – – 109.8 118.1 126.7 136.7 149.7
Change ( % ) – – – – – 7.6 7.3 7.9 9.5
(a) Provisional (d) Discontinued from January 2017. Sources : Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Discontinued from June 2011. (e) The rebased CCPI (2013=100) has Construction Industry Development Authority
(c) The rebased CCPI (2006/07=100) has replaced CCPI (2006/07=100) from January 2017 Central Bank of Sri Lanka
replaced CCPI (2002=100) from June 2011. (f) Revised
Table 1.4
Infrastructure
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Electricity
Available Capacity, MW 2,684 2,817 3,148 3,312 3,362 3,932 3,847 4,018 4,138
Generation, GWh 9,882 10,714 11,528 11,801 11,898 12,357 13,090 14,149 14,671
Telecommunication
Telephones – Wireline Telephones 872,120 896,710 941,780 999,354 1,062,065 1,123,126 1,128,291 1,166,348 1,198,483
Cellular Phones 14,264,442 17,267,407 18,319,447 20,324,070 20,315,150(b) 22,123,000 24,384,544 26,227,631 28,199,083
Wireless Local Loop 2,563,838 2,637,865 2,666,612 2,450,037(c) 1,644,722(b) 1,586,722 1,472,905 1,384,084 1,404,695
Public Pay Phones (No. of Booths) 7,378 6,958 6,458 6,983 6,773 6,642 5,809 5,301 5,137
Telephone Density (Telephones per 1,000
persons, including cellular phones) 866 1007 1,051 1,164 1,119 1,196 1,287 1,357 1,436
Internet Connections(d) 240,000 502,000 844,749 1,365,655 2,009,456 3,396,295 4,090,920 4,920,554 5,904,260
Port Services (Colombo)
Vessels Arrived 4,114 3,910 4,124 3,870 3,667 3,742 4,197 4,405 4,329
Cargo Discharged, MT ’000 27,214 34,307 36,642 36,721 37,453 41,540 43,271 47,982 51,955
Cargo Loaded, MT ’000 19,159 24,461 25,373 24,949 26,029 29,254 30,447 33,896 37,079
Container Throughput, TEU ’000 3,464 4,137 4,263 4,187 4,306 4,908 5,185 5,735 6,209
Transportation
Road Kilometerage (A & B Class) 11,923 12,019 12,019 12,165 12,169 12,208 12,210 12,210 12,210
New Registration of Motor Vehicles, No. 204,075 359,243 525,421 397,295 326,651 429,556 668,907 493,328 451,653
SLTB / Regional Bus Companies
Buses Operated (Daily Average) 4,482 4,441 4,365 4,314 4,373 4,226 5,284 5,314 5,266
Passenger Kilometers, Mn. 11,233 11,815 11,907 11,909 12,201 12,717 15,210 16,101 15,810
Private Operator Buses 18,665 19,805 19,699 20,444 19,651 20,421 19,397 19,614 19,998
Sri Lanka Railways
Passenger Kilometers, Mn. 4,568 4,353 4,574 5,039 6,257 6,842 7,407 7,413 7,495
Freight Ton Kilometers, Mn. 113 163 154 142 133 130 130 140 145
SriLankan Air Lines
Passengers, ’000 2,255 2,808 3,010 4,164 4,019 4,169 4,314 4,476 5,355
Freight, MT ’000 69 83 90 98 100 96 103 113 124
(a) Provisional (c) Wireless Local Loop telephones declined in 2012 due the rectification
(b) Wireless Local Loop telephones and Cellular phones declined in 2013 due to of statistical reportings subsequent to the merger of two companies.
a revision in the classification of active subscribers in January 2013. (d) Including mobile internet connections from 2010 onwards.
5
Table 1.5
External Sector
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Balance of Payments (Billions of Rupees)

Trade Balance -358.7 -545.3 -1,073.9 -1,196.3 -979.1 -1,082.0 -1,141.0 -1,293.6(b) -1,466.1
Services Account (net) 44.8 79.8 121.6 160.8 152.5 245.5 316.2 419.3 508.8
Primary Income Account (net) -55.8 -69.8 -72.0 -154.9 -226.1 -236.1 -274.7 -319.7 -357.7
Secondary Income Account (net) 345.5 413.9 513.2 688.6 728.7 813.1 842.1 939.8 964.3
Current Account Balance -24.2 -121.5 -511.1 -501.9 -324.0 -259.4 -257.5 -254.2 -350.7
Overall Balance 315.2 88.0 -105.8 72.6 143.6 180.9 -129.7 -46.0 330.0
Balance of Payments (Millions of US Dollars)

Trade Balance -3,122 -4,825 -9,710 -9,417 -7,609 -8,287 -8,388 -8,873(b) -9,619
Services Account (net) 391 707 1099 1262 1,180 1,880 2,325 2,879 3,338
Primary Income Account (net) -488 -617 -647 -1219 -1,751 -1,808 -2,013 -2,202 -2,355
Secondary Income Account (net) 3,005 3,660 4,643 5,392 5,639 6,227 6,193 6,453 6,327
Current Account Balance -214 -1,075 -4,615 -3,982 -2,541 -1,988 -1,883 -1,742 -2,309
Overall Balance 2,725 921 -1,059 151 985 1,369 -1,489 -500 2,068
Balance of Payments (Per cent of GDP)(c)

Trade Balance -7.4 -8.5 -14.9 -13.8 -10.2 -10.4 -10.4 -10.9(b) -11.0
Secondary Income Account (net) 7.1 6.5 7.1 7.9 7.6 7.8 7.7 7.9 7.3
Current Account Balance -0.5 -1.9 -7.1 -5.8 -3.4 -2.5 -2.3 -2.1 -2.6
Terms of Trade (2010=100) 78.3 100.0 90.9 89.6 93.8 97.6 100.2 104.2(b) 105.6
Total External Assets

Rs. Bn. 804.2 956.5 910.0 1,091.8 1,121.0 1,295.3 1,345.1 1,263.3 1,595.3
US $ Mn. 7,030 8,621 7,991 8,586 8,574 9,884 9,337 8,433 10,436
In Months of Imports 8.3 7.7 4.7 5.4 5.7 6.1 5.9 5.3 6.0
External Debt
Rs. Bn. 2,392.2 2,755.0 3,730.0 4,717.3 5,217.7 5,623.8 6,459.7 6,899.3 7,921.5
US $ Mn. 18,662 21,438 32,748 37,098 39,905 42,914 44,839 46,418 51,824
% of GDP(c) 44.4 37.8 50.2 54.2 53.7 54.1 55.7 56.8 59.5
Debt Service as a % of Exports of
Merchandise and Services, Income &
Current Transfers(d)(e) 16.1 11.9 9.3 13.5 18.7 15.2 19.8 18.0 17.2
Tourist Arrivals, ’000 447.9 654.5 856.0 1,005.6 1,274.6 1,527.2 1,798.4 2,050.8 2,116.4
Exchange Rates (Annual Average)
Rs. / US dollar 114.94 113.06 110.57 127.60 129.11 130.56 135.94 145.60 152.46
Rs. / SDR 177.22 172.50 174.54 195.38 196.19 198.35 190.16 202.39 211.49
Rs. / Pound sterling 179.87 174.81 177.23 202.28 202.08 215.16 207.99 197.15 196.47
Rs. / Euro 160.21 150.10 153.86 164.01 171.51 173.47 150.84 161.16 171.73
Rs. / Yen 1.23 1.29 1.39 1.60 1.32 1.24 1.12 1.34 1.36
Rs. / Indian rupees 2.39 2.49 2.39 2.39 2.21 2.14 2.12 2.17 2.34
( a) Provisional Sources : Sri Lanka Customs

(b) Revised Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(c) Based on GDP at current market prices in rupees, as published by the Department of Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority
Census and Statistics.
(d) External debt service payments were reclassified from 2008 onwards to capture debt
servicing of government securities (i.e., foreign holding of Treasury Bonds) in accordance
with the External Debt Statistics Manual (2003) of the International Monetary Fund.
(e) Based on External debt service payment figures in US dollar.
6
Table 1.6
Money and Interest Rates
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Reserve Money, Rs. Bn. 303.5 360.5 439.5 484.4 488.6 577.9 673.4 856.1 939.8
Monetary Aggregates, Rs. Bn.

Narrow Money (M1), Rs. Bn. 336.7 407.2 438.7 450.0 484.6 612.2 715.0 776.6 793.3
Broad Money (M2), Rs. Bn. 1,536.8 1,813.0 2,192.6 2,593.2 3,058.8 3,460.6 4,057.2 4,823.6 5,665.3
Broad Money (M2b), Rs. Bn. 1,806.2 2,091.4 2,491.7 2,929.1 3,417.9 3,875.9 4,565.9 5,405.6 6,308.1
Currency, Rs. Bn. 181.8 216.5 242.9 251.5 264.6 329.4 388.1 429.5 439.4
Demand Deposits, Rs. Bn. 154.9 190.6 195.8 198.5 220.0 282.7 326.9 347.1 353.9
Quasi Money, Rs. Bn. 1,469.5 1,684.2 2,053.0 2,479.0 2,933.3 3,263.7 3,850.9 4,629.0 5,514.8
% Change of : M2 19.9 18.0 20.9 18.3 18.0 13.1 17.2 18.9 17.5
M2b 18.6 15.8 19.1 17.6 16.7 13.4 17.8 18.4 16.7
Domestic Credit, Rs. Bn. 1,907.7 2,262.9 3,038.0 3,696.1 4,200.8 4,640.1 5,732.0 6,671.7 7,504.7
Monetary Authorities, Rs. Bn. 109.0 76.9 262.7 278.8 114.0 149.7 229.9 413.0 225.1
Domestic Banking Units, Rs. Bn. 1,521.9 1,843.6 2,365.7 2,897.3 3,487.7 3,773.5 4,598.1 5,436.1 6,390.9
Off-Shore Banking Units, Rs. Bn. 276.9 342.3 409.6 519.9 599.1 716.9 904.1 822.6 888.7
Money Multiplier : for M2 5.06 5.03 4.99 5.35 6.26 5.99 6.02 5.63 6.03
for M2b 5.95 5.80 5.67 6.05 7.00 6.71 6.78 6.31 6.71
Velocity : of M2 3.45 3.86 3.59 3.64 3.36 3.19 2.94 2.71(b) 2.51
of M2b 2.90 3.34 3.15 3.17 2.99 2.85 2.62 2.41(b) 2.25
Interest Rates (Year End),%

Bank Rate 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00
Prime Lending Rate (Monthly) 11.12 9.27 10.49 14.29 9.96 6.35 7.40 11.73 11.33
Treasury Bill Yield : Primary – 3 Months 7.73 7.24 8.68 10.00 7.54 5.74 6.45 8.72 7.69
Standing Deposit Facility Rate (SDFR)(c) 7.50 7.25 7.00 7.50 6.50 6.50 6.00 7.00 7.25
Standing Lending Facility Rate (SLFR)(c) 9.75 9.00 8.50 9.50 8.50 8.00 7.50 8.50 8.75
Treasury Bonds Yield to Maturity(d) 9.55 8.27 7.77 13.62 10.87 8.93 6.70 11.04 9.83
Rupee Securities Rate 14.00 – – – – – – – –
Call Money Rate 8.63–9.40 7.75–8.15 8.75–9.10 9.50–9.85 7.50–7.75 6.00–6.50 6.40 8.40–8.44 8.10–8.25

Deposit Rates
Commercial Banks – AWDR(e) 8.01 6.23 7.24 10.10 9.37 6.20 6.20 8.17 9.07
NSB - Savings Deposits 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 4.25 4.00
Fixed Deposits – 12 Months 9.50 8.50 8.50 12.50 9.50 6.50 7.25 11.00 11.00
(a) Provisional Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka

(b) Revised
(c) The Repurchase Rate and the Reverse Repurchase Rate of the Central Bank were renamed
as the Standing Deposit Facility Rate (SDFR) and Standing Lending Facility Rate (SLFR),
respectively, w.e.f. 2 January 2014.
(d) Treasury bond yield to maturity are for the lowest tenure issued during the year.
(e) AWDR : Average Weighted Deposit Rate.
Movement of Selected Market Interest Rates

16
Monthly AWPR Standing Deposit Facility Rate
14 AWDR Standing Lending Facility Rate
91-day Treasury bills
12
Per cent
10
4
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

7
Table 1.7
Money and Capital Markets
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Call Money, Rs. Bn. 2,040.2 996.1 2433.8 3,179.1 2,079.2 2,198.4 2,827.9 3,493.4 3,900.4
Treasury Bills, Rs. Bn.
Primary Market Issues 821.2 1,000.1 1,164.6 1,650.0 1,235.3 1,121.7 1,589.5 1,635.4 1,624.3
Outstanding (Year End)(b) 481.4 571.8 661.0 709.3 774.1 750.3 663.3 792.4 724.7
Central Bank Secondary Market Rs. Bn.
Repurchases (Repo) 1,715.3 10,722.8 14,489.8 2,721.9 5,677.4 3,457.5 750.2 251.9 3,327.7
Reverse Repurchases (Reverse Repo) 851.9 0.0 141.0 797.9 187.4 4.0 44.4 3937.7 1,049.6
Other – Sales(c) 70.2 13.3 – 18.4 128.8 – 127.9 39.6 110.3
Purchases(c) – – – – – – – 15.77 –
Central Bank T-Bill Holdings
(Net of Repo Book Value)(d) 36.0 2.3 167.3 163.3 13.3 3.1 79.1 330.1 25.6
Outstanding CBSL Securities(e) 78.6 95.1 – – – – – – –
Standing Deposit Facility(f) – – – – – 5,181.6 17,989.8 5,572.7 3,954.9
Standing Lending Facility(f) – – – – – 9.8 23.1 3,208.3 2,129.5
Issuing of CBSL Securities
CBSL Securities – Overnight 1,611.8 313.9 – – – – – – –
CBSL Securities – Term 169.3 1,153.1 – – – – – – –
Treasury Bonds, Rs. Bn.
Primary Market Issues 701.4 508.6 603.0 847.9 1,017.1 860.7 869.9 663.6 548.8
Outstanding (Year End)(b)(g) 1,658.6 1,827.4 2,018.8 2,412.7 2,855.8 3,245.8 3,699.9 4,053.6 4,187.5
Foreign Exchange SWAP Transactions
Buy – Sell US $ Mn.(h) – – 333 2,217.0 3,422.0 4,636.2 6,974.4 6,123.0 2,838.5
Rs. Bn. – – 37.7 275.5 442.1 605.4 952.6 891.7 431.4
Sell – Buy US $ Mn.(h) 502.0 2,147.2 98.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0
Rs. Bn. 57.5 243.3 10.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0
Foreign Exchange SWAP Outstanding
FX SWAP US $ Mn. 245.0 97.0 303.0 1,368.0 2,338.0 2,195.9 2,134.8 2,498.7 1,495.2
Rs. Bn. 28.0 10.8 34.4 177.9 312.2 291.0 300.1 291.4 235.9
Rupee Securities, Rs. Bn.
Primary Market Issues 1.9 – – – – – – – –
Outstanding (Year End) 112.3 87.7 62.0 58.4 55.5 55.5 24.1 24.1 24.1
Commercial Papers, Rs. Bn.
Issued 21.5 12.3 13.5 36.9 28.3 8.2 7.9 7.0 6.5
Outstanding 5.8 4.3 8.1 10.6 7.4 3.5 4.5 2.2 1.7
Share Market
No. of Listed Companies 231 241 272 287 289 294 294 295 296
Trading Turnover, Rs. Bn. 142.5 570.3 546.3 213.8 200.5 340.9 253.3 176.9 220.6
Non-National Transactions (Net), Rs. Bn. -0.8 -26.3 -19.0 38.7 22.8 21.2 -5.4 0.3 17.7
Market Capitalisation, Rs. Bn. 1,092.1 2,210.5 2,213.9 2,167.6 2,459.9 3,104.9 2,938.0 2,745.4 2,899.3
All Share Price Index (1985=100) 3,385.6 6,635.9 6,074.4 5,643.0 5,912.8 7,299.0 6,894.5 6,228.3 6,369.3
Milanka Price Index (1998=1,000) 3,849.4 7,061.5 5,229.2 5,119.1 – – – – –
S&P Sri Lanka 20 Index (2004=1,000)(i) – – – 3,085.3 3,263.9 4,089.1 3,625.7 3,496.4 3,671.7
Market Price Earnings Ratio 16.6 25.2 15.8 15.9 15.9 19.7 18.0 12.4 10.6
Market Dividend Yield, % 3.0 1.2 1.8 2.4 2.9 2.1 2.2 2.8 3.2
( a) Provisional
(b) Includes foreign holdings of Treasury bills and Treasury bonds.
(c) Figures since March 2003 refer to the outright sales and purchases of Treasury bills.
(d)
As at 31st December.
(e)
Include CBSL securities issued on an overnight basis & term basis.
(f)
Implemented from 2nd January 2014.
(g)
Includes Government Treasury bonds of Rs. 4,397 million issued to CWE in November 2003
(matured in 14 November 2016), Rs. 78,441 million issued to CPC in January 2012 (of which
Rs. 21,779 million matured in 01 January 2017 and the current outstanding is Rs. 56,662
million) and Rs. 13,125 million issued to capitalize Sri Lanka Airlines in March 2013.
(h) Include new and roll-over SWAP transactions.
(i) The S&P Sri Lanka 20 Index (S&P SL20) was introduced in June 2012.
8
Table 1.8
Government Finance
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
(Billions of Rupees)
Revenue and Grants 725.6 834.2 983.0 1,067.5 1,153.3 1,204.6 1,460.9 1,693.6 1,839.6
Revenue 699.6 817.3 967.9 1,051.5 1,137.4 1,195.2 1,454.9 1,686.1 1,831.5
Grants 25.9 16.9 15.1 16.1 15.9 9.4 6.0 7.5 8.0
Total Expenditure and Net Lending 1,201.9 1,280.2 1,433.2 1,556.5 1,669.4 1,795.9 2,290.4 2,333.9 2,573.1
Recurrent Expenditure 879.6 937.1 1,024.9 1,131.0 1,205.2 1,322.9 1,701.7 1,757.8 1,927.7
Capital Expenditure and Net Lending 322.4 343.1 408.3 425.5 464.2 473.0 588.7 576.1 645.4
Current Account Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) -179.9 -119.8 -57.0 -79.6 -67.7 -127.7 -246.8 -71.7 -96.2
Overall Budget Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) -476.4 -446.0 -450.2 -489.0 -516.1 -591.2 -829.5 -640.3 -733.5
Total Financing 476.4 446.0 450.2 489.0 516.1 591.2 829.5 640.3 733.5
Foreign 230.8 243.8 219.0 286.5 123.7 212.5 236.8 391.9 439.2
Domestic 245.6 202.2 231.2 202.5 392.4 378.7 592.7 248.4 294.3
Privatization Proceeds – – – – – – – – –
Outstanding Central Government Debt 4,161.4 4,590.2 5,133.4 6,000.1 6,793.2 7,390.9 8,503.2 9,387.3 10,313.0
(As a Per cent of GDP)
Revenue and Grants 15.0 13.0 13.6 12.2 12.0 11.6 13.3 14.2 13.8(b)
Revenue 14.5 12.7 13.4 12.0 11.9 11.5 13.3 14.2 13.8(b)
Grants 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1(b)
Expenditure and Net Lending 24.9 20.0 19.9 17.8 17.4 17.3 20.9 19.6 19.3(b)
Recurrent Expenditure 18.2 14.6 14.2 13.0 12.6 12.8 15.5 14.8 14.5(b)
Capital Expenditure and Net Lending 6.7 5.3 5.7 4.9 4.8 4.6 5.4 4.8 4.8(b)
Current Account Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) -3.7 -1.9 -0.8 -0.9 -0.7 -1.2 -2.3 -0.6 -0.7(b)
Overall Budget Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) -9.9 -7.0 -6.2 -5.6 -5.4 -5.7 -7.6 -5.4 -5.5(b)
Outstanding Central Government Debt 86.2 71.6 71.1 68.7 70.8 71.3 77.7 78.8 77.4(b)
Domestic Debt 49.7 40.0 38.8 37.0 40.0 41.3 45.3 44.9 42.0(b)
Foreign Debt 36.5 31.6 32.3 31.7 30.9 30.0 32.4 34.0 35.4(b)
Debt Service Payments 17.1 12.8 12.4 11.7 12.1 10.4 12.0 11.4 12.0(b)
Interest Payments 6.4 5.5 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.5(b)
(a) Provisional Sources : Ministry of Finance and Mass Media

(b) Based on revised GDP estimates made available on Central Bank of Sri Lanka
18 June 2018 by the Department of Census and Statistics.
Table 1.9
Financial Institutions
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014(a) 2015 2016 2017(b)
Central Bank
Assets, Rs. Bn. 821.9 985.4 1,141.7 1,284.4 1,246.0 1,464.3 1,426.3 1,529.2 1,604.8
International Reserves 685.7 862.5 838.6 965.9 1,058.4 1,130.0 1,126.7 1,049.8 1,328.4
Credit to Government 111.3 80.0 264.5 279.5 114.4 150.0 230.3 413.3 225.4
Credit to Financial Institutions 1.1 2.5 2.3 1.8 1.4 1.5 0.9 0.5 0.2
Currency in Circulation, Rs. Bn. 217.4 255.7 293.2 318.1 339.8 416.9 491.7 552.8 598.1
Deposits, Rs. Bn. 361.9 465.0 646.6 736.4 678.5 603.3 732.7 794.9 824.4
Licensed Commercial Banks
No. of Banks 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 25 25
Branches(c) 1,948 2,114 2,381 2,530 2,651 2,724 2,781 2,841 2,861
Assets, Rs. Bn. 2,506.6 2,974.6 3,578.5 4,355.7 5,022.1 5,884.4 6,974.3 7,843.3 8,926.4
Loans, Rs. Bn. 1,407.0 1,764.2 2,329.1 2,830.7 3,079.4 3,453.9 4,258.3 5,007.5 5,791.2
Investments, Rs. Bn. 652.8 763.8 717.2 869.0 1,224.0 1,394.0 1,813.1 1,735.3 1,986.6
Capital, Rs. Bn. 197.9 236.4 305.4 366.9 418.9 490.7 574.1 645.9 793.5
Deposits, Rs. Bn. 1,850.6 2,153.4 2,558.7 3,061.3 3,552.4 3,976.6 4,639.0 5,449.4 6,424.4
Non-Bank Financial Institutions
Assets (net), Rs. Bn. 284.0 370.8 474.2 573.4 684.6 814.6 996.1 1,211.9 1,355.0
Investments, Rs. Bn. 25.7 51.6 30.7 40.0 51.8 109.7 99.6 111.7 118.1
Loans and Advances (net), Rs. Bn. 183.1 248.7 373.1 448.9 521.3 603.7 795.8 962.7 1,057.1
Deposits, Rs. Bn. 119.8 146.1 186.0 254.1 337.3 414.1 480.6 530.7 686.7

Selected Other Institutions – Assets, Rs. Bn.
Rural Banks(d) 41.6 54.7 67.6 77.2 94.9 103.5 117.6 122.2 132.7
Licensed Specialised Banks(e) 506.7 576.0 673.7 742.5 919.3 1,087.5 1,103.2 1,203.2 1,366.2
Unit Trusts 10.0 22.2 22.7 31.1 54.3 126.5 130.3 106.7 131.7
Employees’ Provident Fund, Rs. Bn. 772.0 899.7 1,018.0 1,144.0 1,300.0 1,488.2 1,664.9 1,841.5 2,066.3
Employees’ Trust Fund, Rs. Bn. 107.3 125.9 142.4 158.4 178.5 199.1 223.5 248.9 279.0
(a) Revised. (c) All Banking Outlets except Students Savings Units. (e) Excluding Rural Banks.
(b) Provisional. (d) Registered with Department of Labour.
9
Selected Socio-Economic Indicators – Graphical Illustrations
Population Selected Macroeconomic Indicators
21.0 25
GDP Growth Money Supply (M2b)
Inflation (NCPI Change: 2013=100) Growth
20.0 Inflation (CCPI Change: 2013=100) Unemployment Rate
Million
20
19.0
15
18.0
Per cent
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Population Growth, % 10
1.4
1.2
Per cent
1.0 5
0.8
0.6 0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Gross Value Added at Basic Prices Domestic Expenditure and Savings

(Current) (Per cent of GDP)
14,000 85.0
12,000
GVA 65.0
Savings - Investment Gap
Consumption
↓
10,000
Investment
45.0 Domestic Savings
8,000
Per cent
Rs. Billion
Services
6,000 25.0
4,000
5.0
Industry
2,000
Agriculture
0 -15.0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Balance of Payments Fiscal Operations

(Per cent of GDP) (Per cent of GDP)
40 20
Current Account Balance
Overall Balance
Exports 15
30 Imports
10
Per cent
20
5
Per cent
0
10
-5
0
-10
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
-10 Revenue
Current Account
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Recurrent Expenditure
Budget Deficit
Capital Expenditure and Net Lending
10
Selected Socio-Economic Indicators – Graphical Illustrations
Money Supply
(Per cent of GDP) Selected Interest Rates
50 25
Treasury Bill Yield - 3 Months Average Weighted
Deposit Rate (Com. Banks)
Prime Lending
LIBOR - US$ - 3 Months
40 20
30 15
Per cent
Per cent
Currency
Reserve Money (M0)
20 10
Narrow Money (M1)
Broad Money (M2b)
10 5
0 0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Selected Socio-Economic Indicators Social Indicators

Selected Asian Countries
180 100
Literacy Rate, % (2015)
Telephones, per 100 Persons
Hospital Beds, per 10,000 Persons Life Expectancy, Years (2015)
150 Doctors, per 100,000 Persons 80
120
60
Number
90
40
60
20
30
0
Sri Pakistan India Bangla- Philip- Indonesia Thai- Malaysia
0 Lanka desh pines land
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
GDP Per Capita/GDP Per Capita PPP World GDP Growth

Selected Regions Selected Regions
30,000 8.0
GDP Growth, % 2016
GDP Per Capita (2016)
GDP Growth, % 2017
GDP Per Capita PPP (2016)
24,000 6.0
Per cent
18,000 4.0
US $
12,000 2.0
6,000 0.0
World Advanced Emer- Emer- Emer- Middle Latin Sri
Econo- ging & ging & ging & East, American Lanka
mies Deve- Deve- Deve- North and the
0 loping loping loping Africa, Caribbean
Sri Pakistan India Bangla- Philip- Indo- Thai- Malaysia Economies Asia Europe Afghani-
Lanka desh pines nesia land stan &
Pakistan
11
CLIMATE
Table 2.1
Mean Temperature 2008 – 2017
Degree Celsius
Meteorological Station 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Anuradhapura 28.1 28.6 28.5 28.3 28.6 28.3 28.3 28.4 28.7 28.4
Badulla 23.1 23.5 23.5 23.2 23.5 23.2 23.3 23.3 23.8 23.6
Bandarawela 20.7 21.1 21.1 20.7 21.0 20.7 20.9 20.9 21.6 21.2
Batticaloa 28.2 28.6 28.5 28.2 28.5 28.4 28.3 28.4 28.9 28.4
Colombo 27.5 27.9 28.0 27.9 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.6 28.2
Galle 27.2 27.5 27.4 27.3 27.3 27.3 27.4 27.5 27.8 27.6
Hambantota 27.6 27.8 24.1 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.4 28.1 28.6 28.1
Jaffna 28.1 28.5 28.4 28.2 28.5 28.2 28.7 28.4 28.7 28.5
Katugastota 24.9 25.2 25.2 24.9 25.1 24.9 25.1 25.1 25.5 26.4
Katunayake 27.6 27.9 27.9 27.8 27.8 27.7 27.9 27.9 28.4 28.0
Kurunegala 27.3 27.3 27.3 26.9 27.7 27.5 27.6 27.9 28.5 27.9
Mahailuppallama 27.3 27.8 27.7 27.7 27.9 27.6 27.6 27.7 28.1 28.7
Mannar 28.3 28.3 28.3 28.0 28.3 28.1 28.2 28.4 28.7 28.5
Nuwara Eliya 16.2 15.9 16.5 16.5 16.1 16.0 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.3
Pottuvil 28.1 28.6 28.6 28.2 28.6 28.4 28.4 28.5 28.9 28.4
Puttalam 27.7 27.9 28.0 27.8 30.6 27.9 27.9 27.5 28.3 28.7
Ratmalana 27.9 28.3 28.4 28.2 28.3 28.3 27.3 28.6 28.9 28.6
Ratnapura 27.1 27.3 27.5 27.4 27.6 27.6 27.7 27.9 27.9 27.6
Trincomalee 28.6 29.1 28.0 29.9 29.2 28.5 28.8 28.8 29.1 28.7
Vavuniya 28.0 28.3 28.4 28.0 28.4 27.9 28.2 28.1 28.7 28.2
Source : Department of Meteorology
Table 2.2
Rainfall and Rainy Days – Hydro Catchment Areas 2008 – 2017
Station 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Annual Rainfall, Millimetres
Canyon 3,244.6 4,206.4 4,419.3 3,283.4 2,753.1 5,263.2 4,049.7 2,689.3 2,789.7 3,515.8
Castlereigh 2,751.7 3,631.2 3,920.0 2,412.8 2,169.3 4,155.8 3,175.3 2,801.9 2,424.8 2,967.2
Kothmale Power Station 2,073.5 1,989.9 2,969.9 1,974.4 1,054.4 2,740.4 2,381.3 2,064.5 1,311.4 2,105.2
Laxapana 3,764.9 4,091.0 5,010.8 4,009.7 3,215.8 5,224.5 4,341.5 3,431.9 3,795.2 4,396.3
Maussakele 2,461.4 3,398.4 3,240.7 2,273.9 2,237.8 4,017.8 3,193.1 2,247.1 2,051.0 2,403.7
Norton 3,638.4 3,704.3 5,199.3 3,829.6 3,186.8 5,783.4 4,667.9 3,624.7 4,119.7 4,566.5
Samanala Power Station 4,803.8 4,476.6 5,513.7 4,159.4 3,444.9 4,903.7 3,573.6 4,355.3 3,474.9 4,493.2
Wimalasurendra
Power Station 3,613.1 2,842.9 4,388.4 3,793.0 2,871.8 5,714.0 4,070.9 3,952.8 4,043.5 4,840.8

Annual Rainy Days
Canyon 212 214 220 208 196 219 222 181 195 215
Castlereigh 198 198 206 182 158 184 193 183 207 221
Kothmale Power Station 166 133 168 159 74 142 132 146 134 162
Laxapana 218 224 218 204 179 209 218 189 184 218
Maussakele 170 183 201 189 178 194 192 160 160 197
Norton 230 183 218 208 181 220 229 191 203 229
Samanala Power Station 213 202 201 191 189 207 187 225 182 205
Wimalasurendra
Power Station 217 162 174 206 168 220 201 212 198 226

12
CLIMATE
Table 2.3
Rainfall and Rainy Days – Selected Stations 2008 – 2017
Meteorological Station 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Annual Rainfall, Millimetres
Anuradhapura 1,485.5 1,075.1 1,665.4 1,815.9 1,878.1 1,193.9 2,483.5 2,220.6 1,034.6 1,629.7
Badulla 1,864.3 1,582.9 2,176.0 2,525.1 1,516.2 1,865.1 2,164.4 2,433.7 1,034.7 1,924.5
Bandarawela 2,103.6 1,319.5 1,687.7 1,947.5 1,895.5 1,559.0 1,807.8 2,014.9 862.4 1,999.3
Batticaloa 1,987.3 2,056.0 1,760.6 3,581.3 1,786.4 1,973.7 2,518.3 1,982.2 1,263.8 1,677.8
Colombo 2,622.1 2,134.4 3,369.9 1,774.2 2,464.6 1,990.6 2,635.0 2,948.0 2,357.1 2,281.2
Galle 2,776.8 2,303.5 3,049.1 2,308.5 2,367.2 1,799.1 2,677.7 2,577.2 1,981.4 2,432.8
Hambantota 1,139.8 880.6 875.2 1,014.8 1,294.4 966.3 1095.7 1,316.4 666.2 1,168.6
Jaffna 1,811.8 1,270.9 1,496.6 1,470.7 943.2 1,033.3 1,368.6 1,338.9 1,010.8 1,342.6
Katugastota 1,848.6 1,944.0 2,665.6 1,776.6 1,990.9 1,925.5 2,539.1 1,976.6 1,300.1 1,565.7
Katunayake 2,516.1 1,690.9 2,585.6 1,446.1 1,945.2 2,057.1 2,276.3 2,364.5 1,422.9 1,880.8
Kurunegala 2,404.8 2,050.8 2,434.3 1,958.0 1,961.9 1,805.4 2,737.4 2,050.2 1,916.5 1,794.0
Mahailuppallama 1,545.7 1,010.7 1,600.9 1,706.4 1,486.0 1,161.7 2,064.9 1,844.1 1,125.5 1,525.9
Mannar 1,219.2 964.5 1,074.9 1,203.2 923.5 918.6 1,052.5 1,548.0 714.3 707.8
Nuwara Eliya 1,587.0 1,639.9 2,181.4 1,699.6 1,771.1 2,157.7 1,857.7 2,021.2 1,138.2 1,707.6
Pottuvil 1,727.5 1,473.1 1,224.9 2,196.8 1,400.2 1,613.0 1,861.0 1,610.7 973.0 1,474.7
Puttalam 1,341.7 956.9 1,333.9 826.3 1,141.2 905.1 1,696.6 1,664.3 939.0 819.2
Ratmalana 2,967.2 2,476.2 3,404.9 2,042.9 2,272.3 2,128.2 2,222.7 3,013.1 2,371.4 2,228.7
Ratnapura 3,883.5 3,394.2 4,561.1 3,430.0 3,380.3 3,575.7 4,710.6 3,462.5 2,832.6 4,308.4
Trincomalee 1,844.5 1,888.9 1,419.5 2,906.5 1,810.4 1,492.5 1,691.5 2,030.3 996.3 1,778.8
Vavuniya 1,224.3 1,369.0 1,359.6 1,869.2 1,559.3 1,304.5 2,106.0 1,795.7 1,153.9 1,571.3

Annual Rainy Days
Anuradhapura 112 87 103 104 92 93 138 131 76 95

Badulla 168 158 148 350 135 151 175 181 109 142
Bandarawela 180 162 146 167 135 158 138 180 101 151
Batticaloa 112 95 94 117 85 98 118 124 72 96
Colombo 184 179 158 161 167 167 211 208 133 158
Galle 182 191 193 177 162 172 216 207 168 184
Hambantota 109 122 104 108 111 110 108 118 74 108
Jaffna 91 59 84 95 69 82 103 105 48 77
Katugastota 170 186 174 175 146 171 220 192 131 158
Katunayake 156 164 159 151 151 149 183 175 105 147
Kurunegala 158 159 158 148 141 153 204 155 120 158
Mahailuppallama 134 103 114 111 98 98 150 122 85 109
Mannar 82 69 70 86 65 55 96 86 44 65
Nuwara Eliya 198 204 204 198 167 196 225 207 154 182
Pottuvil 110 99 83 108 86 94 120 109 72 94
Puttalam 116 110 106 102 96 81 112 124 68 103
Ratmalana 206 186 181 173 181 163 206 205 158 168
Ratnapura 243 227 233 219 207 228 257 236 204 238
Trincomalee 104 104 105 130 86 82 124 110 73 99
Vavuniya 86 82 103 114 85 85 128 116 70 106

13
CLIMATE
Table 2.4
Humidity 2016 – 2017
Per cent
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Meteorological
Station
D N D N D N D N D N D N D N D N D N D N D N D N
Year 2016
Anuradhapura 72 91 68 91 58 88 61 88 74 92 69 87 65 86 61 84 58 83 61 87 77 93 71 93
Badulla 80 n.a. 74 n.a. 65 n.a. 67 n.a. 73 n.a. n.a. n.a. 66 n.a. 65 n.a. 58 n.a. 59 n.a. 81 n.a. 75 n.a.
Bandarawela 76 n.a. 71 n.a. 61 n.a. 71 n.a. 74 n.a. 61 n.a. 61 n.a. 60 n.a. 55 n.a. 66 n.a. 81 n.a. 71 n.a.
Batticaloa 77 83 76 82 73 84 71 85 72 86 60 76 61 80 60 77 63 79 68 84 80 88 76 86
Colombo 68 84 69 85 70 86 71 86 79 90 77 85 77 85 74 83 75 83 74 86 77 91 69 85
Galle 76 87 76 85 73 84 74 86 83 89 85 87 84 89 83 87 83 88 81 85 81 89 77 87
Hambantota 72 86 73 86 73 87 75 87 83 91 78 89 71 87 72 88 78 91 77 89 82 91 77 90
Jaffna 71 n.a. 69 n.a. 64 n.a. 64 n.a. 73 n.a. 73 n.a. 72 n.a. 71 n.a. 73 n.a. 72 n.a. 79 n.a. 76 n.a.
Katugastota 70 92 64 91 62 91 72 95 82 96 75 88 74 89 72 86 69 88 66 93 78 95 69 94
Katunayake 64 87 66 88 67 87 69 90 79 91 78 86 76 85 74 83 74 83 73 86 79 93 67 87
Kurunegala 63 n.a. 59 n.a. 57 n.a. 69 n.a. 80 n.a. 76 n.a. 72 n.a. 66 n.a. 62 n.a. 64 n.a. 74 n.a. 65 n.a.
Mahailuppallama 75 n.a. 69 n.a. 60 n.a. 63 n.a. 77 n.a. 73 n.a. 67 n.a. 62 n.a. 59 n.a. 63 n.a. 79 n.a. 73 n.a.
Mannar 76 86 73 88 71 88 71 85 80 87 77 83 79 86 77 86 78 86 77 86 85 92 80 88
Mattala 67 89 66 89 60 90 65 92 75 93 63 85 57 81 55 81 54 84 60 87 78 93 82 92
Moneragala 71 n.a. 69 n.a. 64 n.a. 66 n.a. 71 n.a. 58 n.a. 57 n.a. 60 n.a. 57 n.a. 61 n.a. 76 n.a. 68 n.a.
Nuwara Eliya 72 83 68 79 59 74 71 92 86 94 87 93 85 91 85 92 82 89 78 93 80 88 73 84
Polonnaruwa 78 n.a. 75 n.a. 66 n.a. 64 n.a. 70 n.a. 58 n.a. 58 n.a. 53 n.a. 47 n.a. 50 n.a. 79 n.a. 74 n.a.
Pottuvil 75 n.a. 73 n.a. 72 n.a. 73 n.a. 71 n.a. 62 n.a. 66 n.a. 65 n.a. 65 n.a. 68 n.a. 81 n.a. 75 n.a.
Puttalam 74 95 71 94 71 93 70 91 79 89 78 87 76 88 74 86 74 85 71 86 79 94 73 93
Ratmalana 67 84 67 84 66 85 69 88 77 89 74 83 74 83 73 82 73 82 71 85 74 91 67 86
Ratnapura 75 96 70 94 68 94 77 97 87 98 77 90 75 89 75 89 73 91 75 96 81 97 72 95
Trincomalee 76 81 73 83 69 86 68 87 69 85 63 80 62 81 59 78 55 75 61 83 81 90 78 88
Vavuniya 77 n.a. 73 n.a. 69 n.a. 63 n.a. 77 n.a. 75 n.a. 68 n.a. 65 n.a. 60 n.a. 66 n.a. 82 n.a. 75 n.a.
Year 2017
Anuradhapura 70 92 65 92 66 91 62 90 69 90 65 88 61 85 67 87 72 92 71 92 80 95 75 94
Badulla 77 n.a. 74 n.a. 73 n.a. 63 n.a. 70 n.a. n.a. n.a. 62 n.a. 69 n.a. 70 n.a. 74 n.a. 80 n.a. 83 n.a.
Bandarawela 73 n.a. 72 n.a. 71 n.a. 64 n.a. 71 n.a. 65 n.a. 59 n.a. 68 n.a. 70 n.a. 76 n.a. 80 n.a. 82 n.a.
Batticaloa 77 85 74 82 74 86 72 86 66 81 64 79 n.a. n.a. 70 83 73 88 76 90 83 93 80 88
Colombo 67 81 67 82 71 88 72 83 76 85 79 87 76 83 76 84 79 87 81 91 77 91 70 86
Galle 76 87 76 84 75 86 80 87 82 87 86 89 83 86 85 89 83 87 83 89 82 90 80 88
Hambantota 75 87 76 88 80 91 82 92 80 89 82 92 75 90 80 91 83 91 80 91 82 92 79 90
Jaffna 75 n.a. 69 n.a. 71 n.a. 69 n.a. 72 n.a. 73 n.a. 68 n.a. 73 n.a. 76 n.a. 79 n.a. 85 n.a. 77 n.a.
Katugastota 68 92 65 91 71 94 69 94 76 94 76 91 72 88 75 90 76 93 76 94 79 96 75 94
Katunayake 66 86 62 84 72 92 72 87 78 88 n.a. 89 77 84 77 85 81 89 81 92 79 95 72 91
Kurunegala 63 n.a. 60 n.a. 66 n.a. 67 n.a. 73 n.a. 75 n.a. 70 n.a. 71 n.a. 76 n.a. 78 n.a. 77 n.a. 71 n.a.
Mahailuppallama n.a. n.a. 69 n.a. 70 n.a. 65 n.a. 71 n.a. 68 n.a. 60 n.a. 66 n.a. 74 n.a. 74 n.a. 80 n.a. 77 n.a.
Mannar 75 86 71 85 75 89 73 84 75 84 85 94 77 84 78 85 80 87 80 87 82 89 77 86
Mattala 68 89 70 89 71 94 70 93 68 91 68 89 59 85 62 86 68 91 66 91 78 95 77 91
Moneragala 67 n.a. 67 n.a. 68 n.a. 65 n.a. 68 n.a. n.a. n.a. 59 n.a. 62 n.a. 62 n.a. 68 n.a. 74 n.a. 71 n.a.
Nuwara Eliya 73 84 63 70 70 85 60 83 80 94 n.a. n.a. 80 90 85 93 85 92 86 95 82 92 83 93
Polonnaruwa 76 n.a. 73 n.a. 72 n.a. 60 n.a. 62 n.a. 55 n.a. 53 n.a. 59 n.a. 63 n.a. 66 n.a. 81 n.a. 78 n.a.
Pottuvil 75 n.a. 76 n.a. 76 n.a. 72 n.a. 68 n.a. 65 n.a. 68 n.a. 67 n.a. 69 n.a. 73 n.a. 78 n.a. 76 n.a.
Puttalam 73 94 68 91 69 92 70 86 72 85 73 83 70 83 74 85 77 88 79 91 81 95 77 96
Ratmalana 66 83 65 82 68 88 70 84 73 85 77 86 73 82 74 83 77 88 78 90 75 91 69 86
Ratnapura 68 92 66 91 75 96 75 96 83 97 82 95 77 91 80 94 82 96 84 97 81 96 77 96
Trincomalee 76 85 71 82 75 89 65 86 63 83 57 79 62 80 68 84 70 88 72 90 84 92 78 87
Vavuniya 78 n.a. 70 n.a. 71 n.a. 67 n.a. 71 n.a. 65 n.a. 61 n.a. 70 n.a. 75 n.a. 78 n.a. 84 n.a. 79 n.a.
D – Day Source : Department of Meteorology

N – Night
14
POPULATION AND LABOUR FORCE
Table 3.1
Population by District and Sector 2001 and 2012
2001 Census(a) 2012 Census(b)
District No. ’000 Per cent No. ’000 Per cent
Total Urban Rural Estate Urban Rural Estate Total Urban Rural Estate Urban Rural Estate
Colombo 2,251.3 1,229.6 1,014.4 7.3 54.6 45.1 0.3 2,324.3 1,802.9 513.5 7.9 77.6 22.1 0.3
Gampaha 2,063.7 300.9 1,762.0 0.7 14.6 85.4 0.0 2,304.8 360.2 1,943.4 1.2 15.6 84.3 0.1
Kalutara 1,066.2 113.2 915.5 37.6 10.6 85.9 3.5 1,221.9 109.1 1,075.2 37.6 8.9 88.0 3.1
Kandy 1,279.0 156.0 1,030.2 92.9 12.2 80.5 7.3 1,375.4 170.5 1,119.2 85.6 12.4 81.4 6.2
Matale 441.3 36.1 383.5 21.8 8.2 86.9 4.9 484.5 60.3 405.2 19.1 12.4 83.6 3.9
Nuwara Eliya 703.6 43.1 283.7 376.9 6.1 40.3 53.6 711.6 40.2 290.9 380.6 5.6 40.9 53.5
Galle 990.5 109.9 863.3 17.3 11.1 87.2 1.7 1,063.3 133.4 911.2 18.8 12.5 85.7 1.8
Matara 761.4 64.4 676.5 20.5 8.5 88.9 2.7 814.0 96.6 694.9 22.5 11.9 85.4 2.8
Hambantota 526.4 21.6 503.4 1.4 4.1 95.6 0.3 599.9 31.7 568.2 – 5.3 94.7 –
Jaffna 490.6 – – – – – – 583.9 117.6 466.3 – 20.1 79.9 –
Mannar 151.6 – – – – – – 99.6 24.4 75.2 – 24.5 75.5 –
Vavuniya 149.8 – – – – – – 172.1 34.8 137.3 – 20.2 79.8 –
Mullaitivu 121.7 – – – – – – 92.2 – 92.2 – – 100.0 –
Kilinochchi 127.3 – – – – – – 113.5 – 113.5 – – 100.0 –
Batticaloa 486.4 – – – – – – 526.6 151.2 375.3 – 28.7 71.3 –
Ampara 593.0 112.5 480.5 – 19.0 81.0 – 649.4 153.3 496.1 – 23.6 76.4 –
Trincomalee 340.2 – – – – – – 379.5 85.1 294.4 – 22.4 77.6 –
Kurunegala 1,460.2 34.7 1,418.9 6.6 2.4 97.2 0.5 1,618.5 30.3 1,580.6 7.6 1.9 97.7 0.5
Puttalam 709.7 65.3 642.2 2.2 9.2 90.5 0.3 762.4 67.0 693.8 1.6 8.8 91.0 0.2
Anuradhapura 745.7 53.2 691.6 1.0 7.1 92.7 0.1 860.6 50.6 810.0 – 5.9 94.1 –
Polonnaruwa 359.0 – 358.7 0.3 – 99.9 0.1 406.1 – 406.1 … – 100.0 –
Badulla 780.0 51.5 567.2 161.3 6.6 72.7 20.7 815.4 69.8 591.7 153.9 8.6 72.6 18.9
Monaragala 397.4 – 388.2 9.1 – 97.7 2.3 451.1 – 442.7 8.3 – 98.1 1.9
Ratnapura 1,015.8 58.2 855.2 102.4 5.7 84.2 10.1 1,088.0 99.5 888.8 99.7 9.1 81.7 9.2
Kegalle 785.5 17.1 712.9 55.5 2.2 90.8 7.1 840.6 16.0 767.5 57.2 1.9 91.3 6.8
Total
18,797.3 2,467.3
13,547.7 914.7 14.6 80.0 5.4
20,359.4 3,704.5
15,753.3 901.6 18.2 77.4 4.4
(a) Census of Population and Housing – 2001 which covered 18 districts. Source : Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka – 2012
… - Negligible
Table 3.2
Population by Religion and Ethnicity – Census Years
By Religion (%) By Ethnicity (%)

Total
Census
Population Sri Sri
Year Indian
'000 Buddhist Hindu Islam Christian Other Sinhalese Lankan Lankan Burgher Malay Other
Tamil
Tamil Moor
1881 2,759.7 61.5 21.5 7.2 9.7 0.1 66.9 24.9 6.7 0.6 0.3 0.5
1891 3,007.8 62.4 20.5 7.0 10.0 ... 67.9 24.1 6.6 0.7 0.3 0.5
1901 3,566.0 60.1 23.2 6.9 9.8 0.1 65.4 26.7 6.4 0.7 0.3 0.6
1911 4,106.4 60.3 22.8 6.9 10.0 ... 66.1 12.9 12.9 6.5 0.7 0.3 0.6
1921 4,498.6 61.6 21.8 6.7 9.9 ... 67.1 11.5 13.4 6.3 0.7 0.3 0.8
1931 5,306.9 61.6 22.0 6.7 9.8 ... 65.4 11.3 15.4 6.1 0.6 0.3 0.8
1946 6,657.3 64.5 19.8 6.6 9.1 ... 69.4 11.0 11.7 6.1 0.6 0.3 0.7
1953 8,097.9 64.3 19.9 6.7 8.9 0.1 69.4 10.9 12.0 6.3 0.6 0.3 0.5
1963 10,582.0 66.2 18.5 6.8 8.4 0.1 71.0 11.0 10.6 6.4 0.4 0.3 0.2
1971 12,689.8 67.3 17.6 7.1 7.9 0.1 72.0 11.2 9.3 6.7 0.4 0.3 0.1
1981 14,846.8 69.3 15.5 7.5 7.6 0.1 74.0 12.7 5.5 7.0 0.3 0.3 0.2
2001(a) 18,797.3 76.7 7.8 8.5 7.0 ... 82.0 4.3 5.1 7.9 0.2 0.3 0.2
2012(b) 20,359.4 70.1 12.6 9.7 7.6 ... 74.9 11.2 4.1 9.3 0.2 0.2 0.1
… Negligible Source : Department of Census and Statistics

(a) Census of Population and Housing – 2001 which covered 18 districts.
(b) Based on Census of Population and Housing – 2012.
15
Table 3.3
Population by District, Religion and Ethnicity – 2012 Census(a)
Population by Religion, % Population by Ethnicity, %
Population
District Sri Sri
'000 Roman Indian
Buddhist Hindu Islam Christian Other Sinhalese Lankan Lankan Other
Catholic Tamil
Tamil Moor
Colombo 2,324.3 70.2 8.0 11.8 7.0 2.9 0.1 76.5 10.1 1.0 10.7 1.6
Gampaha 2,304.8 71.3 2.3 4.9 19.5 2.0 0.0 90.5 3.5 0.4 4.2 1.3
Kalutara 1,221.9 83.4 3.2 9.4 3.3 0.7 0.0 86.8 1.9 1.9 9.3 0.2
Kandy 1,375.4 73.4 9.7 14.3 1.6 0.9 0.0 74.4 5.0 6.2 13.9 0.4
Matale 484.5 79.5 9.0 9.4 1.6 0.5 0.0 80.8 5.0 4.8 9.2 0.2
Nuwara Eliya 711.6 39.1 51.0 3.0 4.7 2.2 0.0 39.6 4.6 53.1 2.5 0.2
Galle 1,063.3 93.9 1.5 3.7 0.4 0.5 0.0 94.4 1.3 0.6 3.6 0.1
Matara 814.0 94.1 2.0 3.1 0.3 0.4 0.0 94.3 1.1 1.5 3.1 0.0
Hambantota 599.9 96.7 0.2 2.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 97.1 0.4 0.0 1.1 1.5
Jaffna 583.9 0.4 82.8 0.4 12.9 3.5 0.0 0.4 98.9 0.3 0.4 0.0
Mannar 99.6 1.8 24.1 16.6 52.6 4.8 0.0 2.3 80.4 0.7 16.5 0.0
Vavuniya 172.1 9.8 69.4 7.0 8.9 4.9 0.0 10.0 82.0 1.1 6.8 0.1
Mullaitivu 92.2 8.9 75.2 2.0 9.8 4.0 0.1 9.7 85.8 2.5 2.0 0.1
Kilinochchi 113.5 1.1 81.9 0.6 10.6 5.7 0.0 1.2 97.3 0.9 0.6 0.0
Batticaloa 526.6 1.2 64.4 25.5 4.6 4.3 0.0 1.3 72.3 0.4 25.4 0.6
Ampara 649.4 38.7 15.8 43.4 1.2 0.9 0.0 38.9 17.3 0.1 43.4 0.3
Trincomalee 379.5 26.2 25.9 42.0 3.8 2.0 0.0 26.7 30.7 0.3 41.8 0.4
Kurunegala 1,618.5 88.5 0.9 7.3 2.7 0.6 0.0 91.4 1.1 0.2 7.1 0.2
Puttalam 762.4 43.2 3.8 19.7 31.5 1.6 0.2 73.6 6.3 0.3 19.4 0.5
Anuradhapura 860.6 90.1 0.4 8.3 0.8 0.4 0.0 91.0 0.5 0.1 8.2 0.2
Polonnaruwa 406.1 89.7 1.7 7.5 0.8 0.3 0.0 90.7 1.8 0.0 7.4 0.1
Badulla 815.4 72.6 19.3 5.8 1.5 0.8 0.0 73.0 2.7 18.5 5.5 0.4
Monaragala 451.1 94.6 2.7 2.2 0.4 0.2 0.0 94.9 1.8 1.1 2.1 0.1
Ratnapura 1,088.0 86.7 9.4 2.2 1.0 0.7 0.0 87.1 5.0 5.7 2.1 0.1
Kegalle 840.6 84.4 6.5 7.3 1.0 0.8 0.0 85.5 2.1 5.2 7.1 0.1
Total 20,359.4 70.1 12.6 9.7 6.2 1.4 0.0 74.9 11.2 4.1 9.3 0.5
(a) Based on Census of Population and Housing – 2012 Source : Department of Census and Statistics
Table 3.4
Mid-year Population by Age Group 2001 and 2010 – 2017
Thousands
2001(a) 2010(a) 2011(a) 2012(b) 2013(b) 2014(b)(c) 2015(b)(c) 2016(b)(c) 2017(b)(c)

Age Group
M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F
0 – 4 814 783 895 864 904 873 882 868 889 874 897 882 906 891 917 901 927 912
5 – 9 842 812 920 892 930 901 885 868 892 875 900 883 909 892 919 902 930 913
10 – 14 861 830 948 915 958 925 831 814 838 820 846 827 854 836 864 845 874 855
15 – 19 927 897 1,018 993 1,028 1,004 823 827 829 834 836 841 845 849 854 859 864 869
20 – 24 889 878 973 970 984 980 745 793 751 799 757 807 764 814 773 823 782 832
25 – 29 730 755 805 831 814 840 746 812 752 818 759 825 766 833 774 843 783 853
30 – 34 711 727 776 799 785 808 799 846 806 852 813 860 820 868 830 877 839 888
35 – 39 693 708 760 777 768 785 688 725 694 731 700 738 706 745 714 753 723 761
40 – 44 646 651 712 718 719 726 663 700 669 705 675 712 681 718 689 726 697 734
45 – 49 562 576 621 638 627 644 620 670 625 675 631 681 637 687 644 695 651 703
50 – 54 505 519 552 569 557 574 583 640 588 645 593 651 599 657 605 665 612 672
55 – 59 356 387 395 425 399 429 503 565 506 570 511 575 516 580 521 587 527 593
60 – 64 271 283 294 312 297 315 427 494 430 498 434 502 438 507 443 512 448 518
65 – 69 206 236 229 265 232 268 284 351 287 353 289 357 292 360 295 364 298 368
70 – 74 159 179 173 197 175 200 183 231 184 233 186 235 187 237 189 240 191 242
75 & over 187 217 202 237 204 239 226 333 226 337 229 339 231 341 234 346 236 349
Total 9,359 9,438 10,273 10,402 10,381 10,511 9,888 10,537 9,966 10,619 10,056 10,715 10,151 10,815 10,265 10,938 10,382 11,062
Total Population 18,797 20,675 20,892 20,425 20,585 20,771 20,966 21,203 21,444
M – Male F – Female Source : Registrar General’s Department

(a) Based on Census of Population and Housing – 2001
(b) Based on Census of Population and Housing – 2012
(c) Provisional
16
Table 3.5
Mid-year Population by Province and District 2001 and 2009 – 2017
Thousands
Province / District 2001(a) 2009(a) 2010(a) 2011(a) 2012(b) 2013(b) 2014(b)(c) 2015(b)(c) 2016(b)(c) 2017(b)(c)
Western 5,381 5,841 5,891 5,946 5,865 5,896 5,936 5,979 6,028 6,081
Colombo 2,251 2,543 2,573 2,606 2,330 2,339 2,357 2,375 2,395 2,419
Gampaha 2,064 2,163 2,176 2,189 2,310 2,324 2,338 2,354 2,372 2,391
Kalutara 1,066 1,135 1,142 1,151 1,225 1,233 1,241 1,250 1,261 1,271
Central 2,424 2,668 2,696 2,727 2,582 2,606 2,631 2,658 2,690 2,722
Kandy 1,279 1,422 1,437 1,455 1,381 1,391 1,402 1,416 1,434 1,452
Matale 441 489 496 503 486 491 496 502 508 514
Nuwara Eliya 704 757 763 769 715 724 733 740 748 756
Southern 2,278 2,470 2,495 2,518 2,485 2,508 2,532 2,556 2,584 2,611
Galle 991 1,074 1,084 1,094 1,066 1,074 1,082 1,091 1,102 1,113
Matara 761 830 839 847 817 824 831 837 845 851
Hambantota 526 566 572 577 602 610 619 628 637 647
Northern 1,041 1,145 1,149 1,160 1,065 1,074 1,085 1,094 1,107 1,119
Jaffna 491 532 536 542 585 589 593 597 602 608
Kilinochchi 127 149 150 154 114 116 118 120 122 124
Mannar 152 161 162 163 100 101 103 104 106 107
Vavuniya 150 167 172 176 173 175 177 179 182 184
Mullaitivu 121 136 129 125 93 93 94 94 95 96
Eastern 1,419 1,540 1,561 1,584 1,561 1,574 1,593 1,615 1,645 1,677
Batticaloa 486 537 543 549 528 531 535 541 550 560
Ampara 593 635 644 654 652 658 667 677 691 705
Trincomalee 340 368 374 381 381 385 391 397 404 412
North Western 2,170 2,332 2,353 2,377 2,389 2,405 2,425 2,448 2,477 2,508
Kurunegala 1,460 1,556 1,569 1,583 1,624 1,634 1,645 1,658 1,676 1,694
Puttalam 710 776 784 794 765 771 780 790 801 814
North Central 1,104 1,224 1,238 1,254 1,272 1,285 1,298 1,312 1,330 1,349
Anuradhapura 745 819 829 839 864 874 883 893 905 918
Polonnaruwa 359 405 409 415 408 411 415 419 425 431
Uva 1,178 1,316 1,333 1,349 1,271 1,286 1,301 1,316 1,333 1,349
Badulla 780 879 891 902 818 826 835 844 854 864
Moneragala 398 437 442 447 453 460 466 472 479 485
Sabaragamuwa 1,802 1,940 1,959 1,977 1,935 1,951 1,970 1,988 2,009 2,028
Ratnapura 1,016 1,122 1,136 1,149 1,092 1,102 1,115 1,127 1,140 1,151
Kegalle 786 818 823 828 843 849 855 861 869 877
Total 18,797 20,476 20,675 20,892 20,425 20,585 20,771 20,966 21,203 21,444
(a) Based on Census of Population and Housing – 2001 Source : Registrar General’s Department
(b) Based on Census of Population and Housing – 2012
(c) Provisional
17
Table 3.6
Population Density 2016 and 2017
Total Area Inland Waters Forests Land Area(a) Mid-year Population, '000 Density, Persons per Sq. km.
Province / District
Sq. km. Sq. km. Sq. km. Sq. km. 2016(b)(c) 2017(b)(c) 2016(b)(c) 2017(b)(c)
Western 3,684 91 195 3,593 6,028 6,081 1,678 1,692

Colombo 699 23 15 676 2,395 2,419 3,543 3,578
Gampaha 1,387 46 14 1,341 2,372 2,391 1,769 1,783
Kalutara 1,598 22 166 1,576 1,261 1,271 800 806
Central 5,674 99 1,402 5,575 2,690 2,722 483 488
Kandy 1,940 23 317 1,917 1,434 1,452 748 757
Matale 1,993 41 599 1,952 508 514 260 263
Nuwara Eliya 1,741 35 486 1,706 748 756 438 443
Southern 5,544 161 932 5,383 2,584 2,611 480 485
Galle 1,652 35 236 1,617 1,102 1,113 682 688
Matara 1,283 13 187 1,270 845 851 665 670
Hambantota 2,609 113 509 2,496 637 647 255 259
Northern 8,884 594 3,946 8,290 1,107 1,119 134 135
Jaffna 1,025 96 3 929 602 608 648 654
Kilinochchi 1,279 74 351 1,205 122 124 101 103
Mannar 1,996 116 1,024 1,880 106 107 56 57
Vavuniya 1,967 106 889 1,861 182 184 98 99
Mullaitivu 2,617 202 1,679 2,415 95 96 39 40
Eastern 9,996 635 3,030 9,361 1,645 1,677 176 179
Batticaloa 2,854 244 517 2,610 550 560 211 215
Ampara 4,415 193 1,696 4,222 691 705 164 167
Trincomalee 2,727 198 817 2,529 404 412 160 163
North Western 7,888 382 1,002 7,506 2,477 2,508 330 334
Kurunegala 4,816 192 185 4,624 1,676 1,694 362 366
Puttalam 3,072 190 817 2,882 801 814 278 282
North Central 10,472 731 3,326 9,741 1,330 1,349 137 138
Anuradhapura 7,179 515 1,979 6,664 905 918 136 138
Polonnaruwa 3,293 216 1,347 3,077 425 431 138 140
Uva 8,500 165 2,000 8,335 1,333 1,349 160 162
Badulla 2,861 34 683 2,827 854 864 302 306
Moneragala 5,639 131 1,317 5,508 479 485 87 88
Sabaragamuwa 4,968 47 765 4,921 2,009 2,028 408 412
Ratnapura 3,275 39 648 3,236 1,140 1,151 352 356
Kegalle 1,693 8 117 1,685 869 877 516 520
Total 65,610 2,905 16,598 62,705 21,203 21,444 338 342
(a) Total land area excluding inland waters Sources : Surveyor General's Office
(b) Based on Census of Population and Housing – 2012 Registrar General’s Department
(c) Provisional
Table 3.7
VItal Statistics 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014(a) 2015(a) 2016(a) 2017(a)
Mid-year Population, ’000(b) 20,246 20,476 20,675 20,892 20,425 20,585 20,771 20,966 21,203 21,444
0 – 14 years 5,320 5,380 5,434 5,491 5,148 5,188 5,235 5,288 5,348 5,411
15 – 54 years 12,253 12,391 12,512 12,643 11,680 11,773 11,879 11,989 12,124 12,263
55 years & over 2,673 2,705 2,729 2,758 3,597 3,624 3,657 3,689 3,731 3,770
Mid-year Population Growth Rate, % 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1
Crude Birth Rate per 1,000 18.5 18.0 17.6 17.3 17.6 17.8 16.9 16.0 15.6 15.2
Crude Death Rate per 1,000 6.1 6.2 6.3 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.5
Rate of Natural Increase per 1,000 12.3 11.8 11.3 11.4 11.6 11.6 10.7 9.7 9.4 8.7
Mid-year In-Migration, ’000 1,644 1,645 2,106 2,433 2,496 2,629 2,875 3,252 3,652 3,730
Mid-year Out-Migration, ’000 1,688 1,673 2,129 2,479 2,548 2,677 2,917 3,238 3,608 3,680
Mid-year Net Migration Rate per 1,000 -2.2 -1.4 -1.1 -2.2 -2.5 -2.3 -2.0 0.7 2.1 2.3
Density of Population,
(Persons per Sq. km.) 323 327 330 333 326 328 331 334 338 342
Infant Mortality per 1,000 Live Births 9.0 9.7 9.9 9.1(a) 8.5(a) 8.3 8.0 8.5 n.a. n.a.
(a) Provisional n.a. – Not available Source : Department of Census and Statistics
Registrar General’s Department
(b) Until 2011, mid-year population estimates were prepared based on the Census
of Population and Housing of 2001. Mid-year population estimates from 2012
onwards were based on Census of Population and Housing – 2012.
18
Table 3.8

Crude Birth Rates and Death Rates by District 2011 – 2017
Per 1,000 Persons
2011(a) 2012(b) 2013(b) 2014(b)(c) 2015(b)(c) 2016(b)(c) 2017(b)(c)
District Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude
Birth Death Birth Death Birth Death Birth Death Birth Death Birth Death Birth Death
Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate
Colombo 21.4 7.9 15.1 8.9 15.0 6.8 15.4 6.8 14.4 7.0 14.0 7.1 13.7 7.4
Gampaha 12.3 5.2 14.4 5.1 14.6 6.0 13.7 6.0 13.1 6.2 12.8 6.2 12.4 6.5
Kalutara 14.5 5.9 15.7 5.7 16.0 6.6 14.8 6.5 14.2 6.8 13.3 6.5 13.0 7.1
Kandy 20.3 7.2 19.0 7.7 19.6 6.6 18.8 7.2 17.5 7.0 16.4 6.8 15.9 7.2
Matale 20.8 5.5 19.9 5.8 19.2 6.1 19.1 6.5 17.4 6.4 16.9 6.1 14.8 6.5
Nuwara Eliya 13.5 4.8 20.9 5.0 20.9 6.7 17.5 6.2 16.5 6.3 17.0 6.1 15.2 6.1
Galle 17.8 6.8 17.0 7.2 17.0 6.8 16.7 7.3 16.4 7.6 15.9 7.1 15.2 7.7
Matara 14.5 5.8 18.8 6.1 17.0 6.5 15.2 6.3 14.2 6.6 13.9 6.3 13.3 6.5
Hambantota 15.4 4.7 19.7 4.7 19.7 5.5 20.9 5.4 19.7 5.6 19.3 5.3 17.6 5.5
Jaffna 18.5 7.2 15.1 7.1 16.6 7.2 14.9 7.1 13.6 6.9 14.1 7.3 14.9 7.4
Kilinochchi 21.5 2.1 22.3 2.7 22.3 5.0 19.1 2.9 16.9 3.1 19.5 3.6 21.8 4.1
Mannar 9.0 2.1 18.9 3.5 18.1 4.6 15.4 3.7 18.1 3.8 18.5 3.9 19.6 4.0
Vavuniya 24.5 5.1 17.6 5.1 24.3 5.7 19.6 4.9 17.6 4.7 16.1 4.2 17.8 4.8
Mullaitivu 8.6 16.1 18.9 8.4 16.4 5.2 11.6 4.2 12.2 3.8 10.5 3.8 11.4 3.9
Batticaloa 17.9 5.2 18.7 5.7 20.4 4.8 18.1 4.8 17.3 4.9 16.9 5.6 17.8 4.9
Ampara 21.6 4.3 20.7 4.5 21.0 4.5 21.1 4.6 20.5 4.7 20.5 4.6 20.2 4.8
Trincomalee 23.2 3.9 22.2 3.7 20.7 4.4 22.1 4.1 20.5 4.4 20.2 4.4 20.4 4.5
Kurunegala 16.2 6.5 17.8 5.9 17.3 6.6 16.0 6.6 15.4 6.7 15.2 6.3 14.6 6.9
Puttalam 18.2 4.7 18.5 4.8 19.2 5.4 19.2 5.4 18.4 5.5 17.6 5.5 17.4 5.9
Anuradhapura 18.9 5.7 20.5 5.4 20.8 5.5 17.8 5.5 17.3 5.8 17.1 5.1 16.9 6.1
Polonnaruwa 18.2 4.7 18.9 4.6 19.4 5.5 17.7 5.5 16.9 5.2 16.8 5.1 16.4 5.9
Badulla 18.6 5.4 18.7 5.9 18.4 6.1 18.4 6.4 16.2 6.1 16.8 6.2 16.6 6.3
Moneragala 15.8 3.9 20.2 3.9 21.2 4.7 19.5 4.7 18.4 4.8 17.5 4.9 17.0 5.1
Ratnapura 18.2 5.1 17.3 5.6 18.1 6.3 18.0 6.1 16.7 6.1 15.9 6.1 15.7 6.5
Kegalle 12.6 5.6 16.8 5.6 16.7 7.2 16.0 6.9 14.9 6.9 14.4 6.8 13.8 7.4
Sri Lanka
17.3 5.9 17.6 6.0 17.8 6.2 16.9 6.2 16.0 6.3 15.6 6.2 15.2 6.5
(a) Figures are based on place of occurrence. Source : Registrar General’s Department
(b) Figures are based on usual residence.
(c) Provisional
19
Table 3.9
Labour Force 2009 – 2017
Item 2009(a) 2010(a) 2011(b) 2012(b) 2013(b) 2014(b) 2015(b) 2016(b) 2017(b)
Household Population ’000 16,578 16,862 14,976 14,858 14,959 15,134 15,282 15,449 15,844
Labour Force ’000 8,074 8,108 7,926 7,798 8,034 8,049 8,214 8,311 8,567
Employed ’000 7,602 7,707 7,592 7,489 7,681 7,700 7,831 7,948 8,208
Unemployed ’000 471 401 335 310 353 348 383 363 358

Labour Force Participation Rates, %
By Age Groups
15 – 19 19.0 17.2 16.2 14.7 16.2 15.2 15.0 13.8 13.3
20 – 24 58.7 55.9 54.4 54.5 55.0 52.7 55.5 55.6 57.4
25 – 29 66.2 64.2 66.1 64.4 64.7 63.8 65.4 65.8 67.6
30 – 39 68.3 67.2 67.4 65.7 67.9 68.0 67.4 67.6 68.1
40 & above 53.7 53.8 53.1 52.7 54.1 53.4 54.0 54.4 54.6
All Ages (15 years & above) 48.7 48.1 52.9 52.5 53.7 53.2 53.8 53.8 54.1

By Sector and Sex
Urban
Male 63.1 63.6 69.8 70.7 70.2 70.4 70.0 72.6 72.5
Female 26.2 23.8 28.0 28.9 27.5 29.4 30.0 30.2 31.6
Total 43.5 42.0 47.8 48.3 47.7 48.7 48.6 49.8 50.5
Rural
Male 67.1 67.7 74.7 75.8 75.9 75.4 75.6 75.6 75.0
Female 33.7 32.3 35.3 33.8 37.0 35.7 37.1 37.0 37.7
Total 49.4 49.0 53.8 53.4 54.9 54.1 54.8 54.6 54.8
All Island
Male 66.6 67.1 74.0 74.9 74.9 74.6 74.7 75.1 74.5
Female 32.8 31.2 34.3 32.9 35.4 34.6 35.9 35.9 36.6
Total 48.7 48.1 52.9 52.5 53.7 53.2 53.8 53.8 54.1
(a) Including Eastern Province and excluding Northern Province. Source : Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Data covers the entire island.
Notes : 1. Data upto 2010 are for the household population aged 10 years and above and data from 2011 onwards are for the household population aged 15 years
and above.
2. In July 2016, the Department of Census and Statistics published a re-weighted and revised labour force data series for 2011 onwards.
Labour Force : The labour force comprises of the economically active population aged 15 years and above.
Labour Force Participation Rate : Percentage of the current “economically active population” or the “labour force” to the total working age population.
Employed : Persons, who work as paid employees, employers, own account workers (self-employed), or unpaid family workers during the reference period are said to
be employed. This includes persons with a job but not at work during the reference period.
Unemployed : Persons who are seeking and available for work, but had no employment during the reference period.
20
Table 3.10
Employment 2008 – 2017(a)
Per cent
Item 2008(b) 2009(b) 2010(b) 2011(c) 2012(c) 2013(c) 2014(c) 2015(c) 2016(c) 2017(c)
By Industrial Category(d)
Agriculture 32.6 32.6 32.7 33.1 31.2 – – – – –
Manufacturing 18.5 17.7 17.1 16.7 17.5 – – – – –
Construction(e) 7.7 7.4 7.1 7.2 8.4 – – – – –
Trade & Hotels 14.3 14.7 15.5 15.1 15.6 – – – – –
Transport, Storage & Communication 5.8 5.9 6.3 6.2 6.5 – – – – –
Insurance & Real Estate 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.5 – – – – –
Personal Services 17.9 18.8 17.9 18.2 17.4 – – – – –
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 – – – – –

By Industrial Category(f)
Agriculture – – – – – 30.2 28.9 28.7 27.1 26.1
Mining and Quarrying – – – – – 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8
Manufacturing – – – – – 17.8 18.0 18.0 17.9 19.3
Construction, Electricity, Gas, Steam and
Air Conditioning Supply, Water Supply,
Sewerage, Waste management and
Remediation activities – – – – – 7.0 7.3 7.0 7.8 8.4
Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of
Motor Vehicles and Motor Cycles – – – – – 13.6 13.1 13.5 13.9 14.1
Transport and Storage – – – – – 6.1 6.3 6.1 6.5 6.3
Accommodation and Food Services Activities – – – – – 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6
Information and Communication – – – – – 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9
Financial and Insurance Activities – – – – – 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.9
Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities – – – – – 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8
Administrative and Support Service Activities – – – – – 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.9
Public Administration and Defence,
Compulsory Social Security – – – – – 7.4 7.7 7.7 7.7 6.4
Education – – – – – 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.6
Human Health and Social Work Activities – – – – – 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8
Other(g) – – – – – 4.3 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.2
Total – – – – – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

By Occupational Groups
Senior Officials and Managers 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 4.8 4.6 6.1 6.0 6.8
Professionals 5.9 6.0 5.6 6.2 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.8
Technicians & Associate Professionals 5.5 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.7 5.8 5.8 6.0 6.1 6.8
Clerks 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.4 3.7 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.0
Sales & Service Workers; Proprietors &
Managers of Enterprises 14.4 14.7 14.9 15.3 14.4 11.0 11.7 10.9 11.2 10.0
Skilled Agricultural and Fishery Workers 22.2 22.5 22.3 23.0 21.5 19.4 20.3 18.6 18.1 17.1
Craft & Related Workers 16.4 15.5 15.7 15.9 16.9 17.0 17.1 16.2 16.0 16.7
Plant & Machine Operators & Assemblers 7.3 7.0 7.3 7.1 8.6 8.3 8.3 8.6 8.8 9.0
Elementary Occupations 21.9 22.6 22.6 20.7 19.8 23.1 21.2 22.6 22.6 22.4
Not Identified 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

By Employment Status
Public Employees 15.2 15.5 14.3 14.6 15.3 15.2 15.5 15.1 14.6 14.4
Private Employees 41.2 42.1 41.2 40.5 41.2 40.5 40.9 41.0 43.3 43.3
Employers 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.7 3.1 2.7 3.0
Own Account Workers 30.2 29.2 31.5 31.5 31.9 32.2 32.0 32.3 31.6 31.3
Unpaid Family Workers 10.5 10.6 10.4 10.6 8.7 9.1 8.9 8.4 7.8 8.0
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
(a) Data upto 2010 are for the household population aged 10 years and above and Source : Department of Census and Statistics
data from 2011 onwards are for the household population aged 15 years and above.
(b) Including Eastern Province and excluding Northern Province.
(c) Data covers the entire island.
(d) Based on the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) – Revision 3.
(e) Mining & Quarrying ,Electricity, Gas & Water also included.
(f) Based on ISIC – Revision 4.
(g) This includes activities of households as Employers; Real estate; Arts, Entertainment
and Recreation; and Extra Territorial Organisations and Bodies.

Note : In July 2016, the Department of Census and Statistics published a
re-weighted and revised labour force data series for 2011 onwards.
21
Table 3.11
Unemployment 2008 – 2017
Item 2008(a) 2009(a) 2010(a) 2011(b) 2012(b) 2013(b) 2014(b) 2015(b) 2016(b) 2017(b)
By Age Group
% of Labour Force
15 – 19 20.8 20.9 20.3 15.5 18.9 18.8 21.4 24.1 27.1 21.1
20 – 29 13.7 15.4 13.8 12.4 11.3 13.1 13.6 14.2 14.2 13.5
30 – 39 3.1 3.7 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.7 3.1 2.4 2.7
40 and above 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.9
Total 5.4 5.8 4.9 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.7 4.4 4.2
Percentage Distribution
15 – 19 15.8 14.5 14.8 12.7 14.1 13.7 14.2 14.5 16.1 n.a.
20 – 24 38.4 37.5 38.7 42.2 40.5 41.0 39.8 37.4 39.7 n.a.
25 – 29 21.5 21.3 21.2 20.7 18.8 18.1 19.3 20.5 21.1 n.a.
30 – 39 13.6 15.1 14.7 15.9 15.8 15.1 15.4 15.8 13.2 n.a.
Above 40 10.6 11.6 10.6 8.5 10.8 12.1 11.3 11.8 9.8 n.a.
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 n.a.
By Level of Education

% of Labour Force
Grade 5 and below … … … … … … … ... ... ...
Grades 6 – 10 4.5 5.0 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 2.8
G.C.E. (O/L) 7.8 8.5 6.9 5.3 6.0 6.0 5.9 6.4 5.8 5.9
G.C.E. (A/L) and above 10.5 11.2 11.6 9.1 7.6 8.7 8.2 9.2 8.3 8.1
Total 5.4 5.8 4.9 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.7 4.4 4.2
Percentage Distribution
Grade 5 and below 4.5 4.3 2.7 2.9(c) 2.6(c) 3.9 3.1 2.5 2.7 n.a.
Grades 6 – 10 39.3 39.9 34.9 38.1 37.4 36.5 37.7 34.4 35.4 n.a.
G.C.E. (O/L) 23.4 23.1 22.7 19.8 27.2 22.1 22.4 24.4 22.1 n.a.
G.C.E. (A/L) and above 32.8 32.7 39.7 39.2 32.9 37.5 36.8 38.7 39.8 n.a.
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 n.a.
By Sex, % of Labour Force

Male 3.7 4.3 3.5 2.7 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9
Female 8.4 8.6 7.7 7.1 6.3 6.6 6.5 7.6 7.0 6.5
Total 5.4 5.8 4.9 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.7 4.4 4.2
(a) Including Eastern Province and excluding Northern Province. Source : Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Data covers the entire island.
(c) These figures are to be treated with caution as the corresponding CV (Coefficient of Variation) values are high.
… – Negligible
Notes : 1. Data upto 2010 are for the household population aged 10 years and above and data from 2011 onwards are for the household
population aged 15 years and above.
2. In July 2016, the Department of Census and Statistics published a re-weighted and revised labour force data series for 2011 onwards.
Unemployment Rate : The number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force.
Unemployed : Persons who are seeking and available for work, but had no employment during the reference period.
22
Table 3.12
Public Sector Employment 2015 – 2017(a)
2015 2016(b) 2017(c)

Service Level
Regular Other(d) Total Regular Other(d) Total Regular Other(d) Total
Government Institutions
Senior Level(e) 44,926 3,348 48,274 46,117 3,220 49,337 47,701 3,400 51,101
Tertiary Level(f) 163,431 37,183 200,614 74,908 13,521 88,429 76,381 13,224 89,605
Secondary Level(g) 605,086 40,633 645,719 701,889 62,229 764,118 704,304 59,993 764,297
Primary Level(h) 229,852 12,197 242,049 232,871 12,240 245,111 232,376 12,488 244,864
Total 1,043,295 93,361 1,136,656 1,055,785 91,210 1,146,995 1,060,762 89,105 1,149,867

Semi-Government Institutions
Senior Level(e) 14,812 1,489 16,301 16,238 1,838 18,076 17,818 2,238 20,056
Tertiary Level(f) 28,600 2,730 31,330 28,539 2,596 31,135 29,408 2,575 31,983
Primary Level(h) 89,312 15,481 104,793 91,722 17,933 109,655 92,115 18,475 110,590
Total 212,109 26,365 238,474 214,365 28,407 242,772 214,952 29,353 244,305

Public Sector (Total)
Senior Level(e) 59,738 4,837 64,575 62,355 5,058 67,413 65,519 5,638 71,157
Tertiary Level(f) 192,031 39,913 231,944 103,447 16,117 119,564 105,789 15,799 121,588
Primary Level(h) 319,164 27,678 346,842 324,593 30,173 354,766 324,491 30,963 355,454
Total
1,255,404 119,726 1,375,130 1,270,150 119,617 1,389,767 1,275,714 118,458 1,394,172
Per cent
Government Institutions
Senior Level(e) 4.3 3.6 4.3 4.4 3.5 4.3 4.5 3.8 4.4
Tertiary Level(f) 15.7 39.8 17.7 7.1 14.8 7.7 7.2 14.8 7.8
Secondary Level(g) 58.0 43.5 56.8 66.5 68.2 66.6 66.4 67.3 66.5
Primary Level(h) 22.0 13.1 21.3 22.1 13.4 21.4 21.9 14.0 21.3
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Semi-Government Institutions
Senior Level(e) 7.0 5.6 6.8 7.6 6.5 7.4 8.3 7.6 8.2
Tertiary Level(f) 13.5 10.4 13.1 13.3 9.1 12.8 13.7 8.8 13.1
Primary Level(h) 42.1 58.7 43.9 42.8 63.1 45.2 42.9 62.9 45.3
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Public Sector (Total)
Senior Level(e) 4.8 4.0 4.7 4.9 4.2 4.9 5.1 4.8 5.1
Tertiary Level(f) 15.3 33.3 16.9 8.1 13.5 8.6 8.3 13.3 8.7
Primary Level(h) 25.4 23.1 25.2 25.6 25.2 25.5 25.4 26.1 25.5
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
(a) Re-categorized in accordance with the definitions given in the Public Administration Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Circular No. 06/2006 issued on 25th April 2006.
(b) Revised
(c) Provisional
(d) Employees on contract and casual basis.
(e) Represents Executives/Senior Executives; Judicial/Law Officers and Medical Officers.
(f) Represents Field/Office based Officers; Supra/Special Class Management Assistants; Sri Lanka Principals’ Service; Police Inspectors/Chief Inspectors and similar posts
in other Regulatory Services; Special Grades of Nurses/Professions Supplementary to Medical Services and Para-Medical Services; and Medical Practitioners.
(g) Represents Management Assistant (Technical and Non-Technical); Associate Officers; Sri Lanka Teachers’ Service; Police Constables/Sergeants/Sergeant Major/
Sub-Inspectors and similar posts in other Regulatory Services; Supervisory Management Assistants; and Nurses/ PSM Services and Para-Medical Services except the
Special Grades of these services.
(h) Represents primary level un-skilled, semi-skilled and skilled employees.

23
Table 3.13
Migration for Foreign Employment 2009 – 2017
Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016(a) 2017(b)
Total Migration for Employment (No.) 247,126 267,507 262,961 282,447 293,218 300,703 263,443 242,816 212,162
Male (No.) 119,381 148,001 136,307 144,135 175,185 190,217 172,788 160,306 139,271
% 48.3 55.3 51.8 51.0 59.7 63.3 65.6 66.0 65.6
Female (No.) 127,745 119,506 126,654 138,312 118,033 110,486 90,655 82,510 72,891
% 51.7 44.7 48.2 49.0 40.3 36.7 34.4 34.0 34.4
Average No. of Migrant travellers for

employment per day 677 733 720 774 803 824 721 665 581

Migration for employment
as a % of all departures 14.9 12.6 10.7 22.6 23.2 22.9 19.4 16.8 14.7
Migrant Employment by skills (%)

Professional 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.4 2.7 3.0
Middle level 2.6 2.6 2.3 3.3 5.6 6.9 2.6 3.4 3.4
Clerical & related 2.7 3.0 3.8 5.7 9.1 9.7 4.7 4.5 4.4
Skilled Labour 27.2 28.5 27.4 25.0 26.3 25.7 32.8 33.1 34.1
Unskilled Labour 20.3 22.6 24.2 22.3 24.2 26.4 29.6 29.5 28.8
Housemaids 46.0 42.1 40.9 42.1 33.0 29.5 27.8 26.8 26.4
Migrant remittances (Rs. Mn.)

Middle-East 229,298 279,688 335,201 428,593 460,195 509,487 512,437 566,260 565,642
Other 153,503 185,684 233,902 335,387 367,494 406,857 436,520 488,229 526,330

Middle-East remittances as a % of
total remittances 59.9 60.1 58.9 56.1 55.6 55.6 54.0 53.7 51.8
Total remittances as a % of
export earnings 47.0 47.8 48.7 61.3 61.6 63.1 66.3 70.3 63.0
(a) Revised Sources : Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment

(b) Provisional Department of Immigration and Emigration
Migrant Employment by Skills (%) Migrant Employment by Gender (%)

100.0
Housemaids
80.0
Unskilled Labour
34.4
60.0 34.0
Skilled Labour Male
Female
40.0 Clerical & Related 66.0 65.6
Middle level
20.0
Professional
0.0 2016 2017
2016 2017
24
Table 3.14

Departures for Foreign Employment by Country 2009 – 2017
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016(a) 2017(b)

Country \ Year
No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %
Middle Eastern Countries

Bahrain 5,925 2.40 7,052 2.64 5,423 2.06 4,536 1.61 4,547 1.55 3,979 1.32 3,722 1.41 3,225 1.33 3,002 1.41
Jordan 9,030 3.65 9,425 3.52 13,112 4.99 10,389 3.68 7,060 2.41 6,197 2.06 4,809 1.83 3,867 1.59 3,929 1.85
Kuwait 42,377 17.15 48,108 17.98 50,624 19.25 44,244 15.66 42,740 14.58 43,552 14.48 38,473 14.60 32,400 13.34 37,420 17.64
Lebonan 5,905 2.39 6,064 2.27 5,153 1.96 3,949 1.40 3,537 1.21 3,058 1.02 2,604 0.99 2,644 1.09 2,408 1.13
Oman 5,329 2.16 6,367 2.38 5,379 2.05 4,886 1.73 5,317 1.81 5,759 1.92 7,082 2.69 9,729 4.01 8,872 4.18
Quatar 43,888 17.76 54,676 20.44 52,743 20.06 57,504 20.36 80,724 27.53 84,622 28.14 65,139 24.73 59,523 24.51 56,644 26.70
Saudi Arabia 77,788 31.48 70,830 26.48 68,552 26.07 97,964 34.68 80,887 27.59 80,480 26.76 74,894 28.43 63,293 26.07 37,900 17.86
UAE 39,603 16.03 42,310 15.82 39,320 14.95 38,297 13.56 48,502 16.54 50,347 16.74 43,666 16.58 40,117 16.52 36,657 17.28

South East Asian Countries
Brunei 16 0.01 13 0.00 12 0.00 11 0.00 15 0.01 12 0.00 9 0.00 14 0.01 9 0.00
Hong Kong 352 0.14 306 0.11 366 0.14 451 0.16 513 0.17 468 0.16 493 0.19 574 0.24 635 0.30
Malaysia 1,050 0.42 3,693 1.38 2,459 0.94 2,694 0.95 3,297 1.12 3,312 1.10 3,239 1.23 2,914 1.20 1,995 0.94
Singapore 1,026 0.42 1,042 0.39 1,078 0.41 984 0.35 1,265 0.43 1,470 0.49 1,461 0.55 1,841 0.76 1,789 0.84
South Korea 3,993 1.62 5,261 1.97 7,406 2.82 5,630 1.99 5,402 1.84 6,686 2.22 6,967 2.64 8,630 3.55 5,805 2.74

European Countries
Cyprus 2,931 1.19 2,772 1.04 3,036 1.15 2,875 1.02 1,609 0.55 1,656 0.55 1,578 0.60 2,054 0.85 2,111 0.99
Greece 139 0.06 111 0.04 91 0.03 44 0.02 24 0.01 31 0.01 14 0.01 31 0.01 39 0.02
Italy 22 0.01 15 0.01 15 0.01 5 0.00 5 0.00 48 0.02 78 0.03 72 0.03 36 0.02

Other Countries
Maldives 3,902 1.58 4,178 1.56 4,194 1.59 4,044 1.43 3,485 1.19 4,511 1.50 4,813 1.83 6,116 2.52 6,279 2.96
Mauritius 654 0.26 329 0.12 361 0.14 273 0.10 382 0.13 149 0.05 196 0.07 250 0.10 140 0.07
Seychelles 622 0.25 174 0.07 178 0.07 295 0.10 315 0.11 536 0.18 464 0.18 702 0.29 851 0.40
United States 11 0.00 4 0.00 10 0.00 6 0.00 5 0.00 9 0.00 4 0.00 3 0.00 13 0.01
Other 2,563 1.04 4,777 1.79 3,449 1.31 3,366 1.19 3,587 1.22 3,821 1.27 3,738 1.42 4,817 1.98 5,628 2.65

Total 247,126 100.00 267,507 100.00 262,961 100.00 282,447 100.00 293,218 100.00 300,703 100.00 263,443 100.00 242,816 100.00 212,162 100.00
(a) Revised Source : Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment

(b) Provisional
25
Table 3.15
Departures for Foreign Employment by Skill Level, Age Group and Gender 2016 – 2017
Year \ Age Group Below 25 25 – 29 30 – 34 35 – 39 40 – 44 45 – 49 Above 49 Total
Departures for Professional, Middle and Clerical Level Jobs
2016(a) Male 2,597 4,738 4,830 3,810 2,587 1,905 2,241 22,708
Female 342 785 597 455 281 222 284 2,966
Total 2,939 5,523 5,427 4,265 2,868 2,127 2,525 25,674
2017(b) Male 1,840 4,230 4,189 3,369 2,369 1,751 2,111 19,859
Female 307 747 604 399 296 263 285 2,901
Total 2,147 4,977 4,793 3,768 2,665 2,014 2,396 22,760
Departures for Skilled Level Jobs
2016(a) Male 10,967 12,550 12,668 12,773 9,290 7,052 7,248 72,548
Female 1,040 780 624 612 399 264 278 3,997
Total 12,007 13,330 13,292 13,385 9,689 7,316 7,526 76,545
2017(b) Male 9,098 11,537 11,163 11,631 8,274 6,531 6,846 65,080
Female 951 732 556 607 416 325 326 3,913
Total 10,049 12,269 11,719 12,238 8,690 6,856 7,172 68,993
Departures for Semi Skilled Level Jobs
2016(a) Male 705 842 689 537 326 239 181 3,519
Female 56 88 60 68 54 44 37 407
Total 761 930 749 605 380 283 218 3,926
2017(b) Male 536 776 568 490 275 173 137 2,955
Female 43 68 66 45 41 40 37 340
Total 579 844 634 535 316 213 174 3,295
Departures for Unskilled Level Jobs
2016(a) Male 14,001 13,494 11,529 9,716 5,668 3,895 3,228 61,531
Female 838 1,138 1,364 1,700 1,712 1,665 1,708 10,125
Total 14,839 14,632 12,893 11,416 7,380 5,560 4,936 71,656
2017(b) Male 9,796 11,381 9,324 8,539 5,231 3,677 3,429 51,377
Female 764 970 1,154 1,550 1,625 1,684 1,933 9,680
Total 10,560 12,351 10,478 10,089 6,856 5,361 5,362 61,057
Departures for Housemaid Jobs (Female only)
2016(a) Total 770 5,911 9,020 12,601 12,558 12,746 11,409 65,015
2017(b) Total 646 4,262 6,782 10,543 10,631 11,886 11,307 56,057
Departures for all Occupations
2016(a) Male 28,270 31,624 29,716 26,836 17,871 13,091 12,898 160,306
Female 3,046 8,702 11,665 15,436 15,004 14,941 13,716 82,510
Total 31,316 40,326 41,381 42,272 32,875 28,032 26,614 242,816
2017(b) Male 21,270 27,924 25,244 24,029 16,149 12,132 12,523 139,271
Female 2,711 6,779 9,162 13,144 13,009 14,198 13,888 72,891
Total 23,981 34,703 34,406 37,173 29,158 26,330 26,411 212,162
Departures for all Occupations as a % of Total Departures
2016(a) Male 18.5 28.3 23.4 21.5 16.5 14.5 6.5 17.6
Female 3.0 16.5 22.0 28.7 28.8 29.4 8.1 15.4
Total 12.2 24.5 23.0 23.6 20.5 19.9 7.3 16.8
2017(b) Male 14.5 25.2 20.7 19.4 15.1 13.1 6.2 15.4
Female 2.6 12.8 17.9 24.9 25.7 27.1 8.0 13.6
Total 9.6 21.2 19.9 21.1 18.5 18.2 7.0 14.7
(a) Revised Sources : Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment

(b) Provisional Department of Immigration and Emigration
26
Table 3.16

Departures for Foreign Employment by District, Province and Gender 2010 – 2017
Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016(a) 2017(b)
Province / District Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female
Western 40,550 29,937 38,833 28,729 40,622 30,636 47,212 28,114 52,969 27,253 49,951 21,997 47,022 22,873 40,790 20,944
Colombo 18,834 12,761 18,150 12,837 19,036 13,316 22,365 12,493 23,925 11,731 22,504 8,935 21,682 10,086 18,561 9,261
Gampaha 14,391 11,104 13,707 10,292 14,212 10,952 15,903 9,782 18,892 9,802 17,735 8,309 16,810 8,290 14,837 7,718
Kalutara 7,325 6,072 6,976 5,600 7,374 6,368 8,944 5,839 10,152 5,720 9,712 4,753 8,530 4,497 7,392 3,965
Central 17,614 18,396 15,301 16,838 17,139 20,573 20,746 17,370 22,716 15,256 21,221 13,396 20,440 11,732 16,570 9,254
Kandy 13,213 11,988 11,010 10,415 12,344 11,781 15,923 12,421 17,595 11,355 16,642 10,037 15,733 7,531 13,257 6,235
Matale 2,979 3,808 2,689 3,437 2,976 3,809 3,986 3,878 4,396 3,478 3,898 2,850 3,659 2,675 2,663 1,894
Nuwara Eliya 1,422 2,600 1,602 2,986 1,819 4,983 837 1,071 725 423 681 509 1,048 1,526 650 1,125
Southern 11,622 12,097 11,201 11,049 12,148 12,264 12,192 9,173 14,424 8,611 14,113 7,357 13,552 6,920 11,526 6,070
Galle 6,201 6,681 6,195 6,233 6,720 6,938 6,828 5,174 7,968 4,986 7,786 4,310 7,336 4,039 6,559 3,578
Matara 3,222 2,812 3,029 2,515 3,251 2,818 3,014 2,015 3,782 1,899 3,917 1,612 3,776 1,422 3,008 1,149
Hambanthota 2,199 2,604 1,977 2,301 2,177 2,508 2,350 1,984 2,674 1,726 2,410 1,435 2,440 1,459 1,959 1,343
Northern 4,850 1,699 4,597 1,799 5,042 2,278 7,668 1,926 10,722 1,902 7,717 1,228 7,940 1,590 6,160 1,065
Jaffna 3,641 645 3,550 683 3,621 707 5,616 565 7,817 473 5,632 257 5875 338 4,492 348
Kilinochchi 0 0 0 0 139 198 311 101 447 85 296 83 292 70 187 43
Mannar 370 267 324 299 484 355 625 375 835 366 666 382 672 684 602 258
Mullaitivu 111 28 123 49 88 72 25 15 11 0 14 0 10 2 37 24
Vavuniya 728 759 600 768 710 946 1091 870 1,612 978 1,109 506 1,091 496 842 392
Eastern 23,466 11,385 26,404 12,676 31,042 14,885 37,302 12,097 43,232 13,250 37,034 9,798 32,827 7,622 29,951 6,178
Batticaloa 9,885 4,823 11,224 5,102 13,548 6,143 15,693 4,723 18,786 4,821 15,881 4,111 13,921 2,856 12,873 2,366
Ampara 10,352 2,748 11,284 3,066 12,677 3,538 15,618 2,989 17,442 2,950 15,501 3,090 14,017 2,247 12,971 1,550
Trincomalee 3,229 3,814 3,896 4,508 4,817 5,204 5,991 4,385 7,004 5,479 5,652 2,597 4,889 2,519 4,107 2,262
North Western 14,196 22,064 15,416 22,288 16,789 24,500 23,270 24,408 23,502 20,795 21,594 16,972 18,159 14,449 16,538 14,121
Kurunegala 7,893 13,965 9,335 15,103 9,635 15,821 12,798 14,992 14,206 13,791 13,238 11,261 10,472 9,016 9,923 9,140
Puttalam 6,303 8,099 6,081 7,185 7,154 8,679 10,472 9,416 9,296 7,004 8,356 5,711 7,687 5,433 6,615 4,981
North Central 5,719 12,740 5,751 11,772 6,197 13,168 5,620 8,647 9,262 11,732 8,107 9,129 7,907 7,847 7,415 7,525
Anuradhapura 3,615 8,874 3,623 8,219 3,781 8,682 2,849 4,767 6,074 7,850 5,382 6,312 5,247 5,196 5,181 5,254
Polonnaruwa 2,104 3,866 2,128 3,553 2,416 4,486 2,771 3,880 3,188 3,882 2,725 2,817 2,660 2,651 2,234 2,271
Uva 3,334 5,618 2,910 5,146 3,524 6,662 4,093 5,048 4,359 4,444 4,033 4,294 3,673 3,631 3,205 2,689
Badulla 2,342 4,474 2,127 4,159 2,664 5,372 3,059 4,026 3,105 3,444 2,899 3,482 2,655 2,856 2,041 2,055
Moneragala 992 1,144 783 987 860 1290 1034 1,022 1,254 1,000 1,134 812 1,018 775 1,164 634
Sabaragamuwa 8,239 10,549 7,958 9,799 8,326 11,015 8,127 7,490 9,030 7,239 8,839 6,285 8,756 5,837 7,094 5,040
Ratnapura 3,037 4,598 3,064 4,408 3,192 5,166 2,781 3,443 3,319 3,303 3,297 2,874 3,616 2,711 2,740 2,339
Kegalle 5,202 5,951 4,894 5,391 5,134 5,849 5,346 4,047 5,711 3,936 5,542 3,411 5,140 3,126 4,354 2,701
Not Indicated 7,260 6,172 7,936 6,558 3,306 2,331 8,955 3,760 1 4 179 199 30 9 22 5
Total 136,850 130,657 136,307 126,654 144,135 138,312 175,185 118,033 190,217 110,486 172,788 90,655 160,306 82,510 139,271 72,891
(a) Revised Source : Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment

(b) Provisional
27
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
Table 4.1
(a)
Summary of National Accounts 2012 – 2017
Item 2012 2013 2014 2015(b) 2016(b)(c) 2017(b)(c)
Gross National Income (GNI), Rs. Mn.
GNI at Constant (2010) Prices

7,453,571 7,662,004 8,049,085 8,432,998 8,795,027 9,081,177
GNI at Current Market Prices 8,577,574 9,366,039 10,125,078 10,675,880 11,585,492 12,961,010

Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Rs. Mn.
GDP at Constant (2010) Prices 7,588,517 7,846,202 8,235,429 8,647,833 9,034,290 9,333,217
GDP at Current Market Prices 8,732,463 9,592,125 10,361,151 10,950,621 11,906,752 13,317,292

Real National Income at
Constant (2010) Prices (RNI), Rs. Mn. 7,342,055 7,591,186 8,020,973 8,435,489 8,847,244 9,155,229

Economic Growth Rates (In Real Terms), %
Growth of GDP 9.1 3.4 5.0 5.0 4.5 3.3

Growth of GNI 8.3 2.8 5.1 4.8 4.3 3.3
Growth of RNI 8.2 3.4 5.7 5.2 4.9 3.5

Per Capita Income, (Current Market Prices)(d)
GDP Per Capita, Rs. 427,538 465,976 498,828 522,304 561,560 621,026
US $ 3,351 3,609 3,821 3,842 3,857 4,073
GNI Per Capita, Rs. 419,955 454,993 487,462 509,200 546,408 604,412
US $ 3,291 3,524 3,734 3,746 3,753 3,964

Expenditure (Current Market Prices), Rs. Mn.
Gross Domestic Expenditure 9,768,056 10,418,678 11,197,644 11,775,486 12,781,040 14,274,635

Consumption 6,357,545 7,229,352 7,850,006 8,360,930 8,616,150 9,393,491
Investment 3,410,511 3,189,326 3,347,638 3,414,556 4,164,890 4,881,144

Savings (Current Market Prices), Rs. Mn.
Domestic Savings 2,374,918 2,362,773 2,511,145 2,589,690 3,290,601 3,923,801

National Savings 2,908,642 2,865,365 3,088,201 3,157,031 3,909,124 4,530,476

Net Exports of Goods and Services
(Current Market Prices), Rs. Mn. -1,035,593 -826,553 -836,493 -824,865 -874,289 -957,343
Export of Goods and Services 1,730,467 1,949,158 2,185,039 2,301,065 2,540,049 2,915,178
Import of Goods and Services 2,766,060 2,775,711 3,021,531 3,125,931 3,414,338 3,872,521

Primary Income from Rest of the World (net)
(Current Market Prices), Rs. Mn. -154,889 -226,086 -236,073 -274,740 -321,260(e) -356,282(e)
(a) The data is based on the base year 2010 GDP estimates Sources : Department of Census and Statistics
(c) Provisional
(d) Estimates updated with latest population figures.
(e) The difference with the BOP estimates is due to the time lag in compilation.
28
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
Table 4.2
GDP, GNI and Deflators (Factor Cost Prices) 1970 – 2017
Gross Domestic Product Gross National Income

Adjusted Adjusted
Year Rs. Mn. Growth Rs. Mn. Growth GDP Rs. Mn. Growth Rs. Mn. Growth GNI GDP GNI
at Rate at Rate Deflator at Rate at Rate Deflator Deflator Deflator
(b)
Current % Constant % Current % Constant % (1959=100) (1959=100)
Prices Prices(a) Prices Prices(a)
BASE YEAR 1970

1970 13,187 – 13,187 4.3 100.0 12,967 – 12,967 4.8 100.0 119.8 119.4
1971 13,674 3.7 13,209 0.2 103.5 13,486 4.0 13,034 0.5 103.5 124.1 123.6
1972 14,720 7.6 13,631 3.2 108.0 14,542 7.8 13,474 3.4 107.9 129.4 128.4
1973 17,920 21.7 14,138 3.7 126.8 17,737 22.0 14,016 4.0 126.3 151.9 151.1
1974 23,302 30.0 14,585 3.2 159.8 23,119 30.3 14,449 3.1 160.0 191.5 191.1
1975 25,691 10.3 14,987 2.8 171.4 25,478 10.2 14,837 2.7 171.7 205.4 205.1
1976 28,032 9.1 15,431 3.0 181.7 27,750 8.9 15,258 2.8 181.9 217.7 217.2
1977 34,684 23.7 16,078 4.2 215.7 34,432 24.1 15,934 4.4 216.1 258.5 258.1
1978 40,479 16.7 17,401 8.2 232.6 40,242 16.9 17,329 8.8 232.2 278.8 277.3
1979 49,782 23.0 18,501 6.3 269.1 49,542 23.1 18,430 6.4 268.8 322.5 321.0
1980 62,246 25.0 19,575 5.8 318.0 61,814 24.8 19,456 5.6 317.7 381.1 379.4
1981 79,337 27.5 20,706 5.8 383.2 77,625 25.6 20,257 4.1 383.2 459.2 457.7
1982 91,643 15.5 21,756 5.1 421.2 89,609 15.4 21,229 4.8 422.1 504.8 504.1
BASE YEAR 1982
1982 94,679 – 94,679 5.1 100.0 92,720 – 92,720 4.8 100.0 504.8 504.1
1983 113,878 20.3 99,375 5.0 114.6 110,664 19.4 96,439 4.0 114.8 578.5 579.5
1984 140,039 23.0 104,395 5.1 134.1 136,638 23.5 101,399 5.1 134.8 677.1 679.3
1985 148,321 5.9 109,570 5.0 135.4 144,921 6.1 106,741 5.3 135.8 683.4 684.5
1986 163,713 10.4 114,261 4.3 143.3 159,852 10.3 111,565 4.5 143.3 723.3 722.3
1987 177,731 8.6 115,922 1.5 153.3 173,395 8.5 113,307 1.6 153.0 774.0 771.5
1988 203,516 14.5 119,050 2.7 171.0 198,250 14.3 116,214 2.6 170.6 863.0 860.0
1989 228,138 12.1 121,729 2.3 187.4 222,399 12.2 118,874 2.3 187.1 946.1 943.2
1990 290,615 27.4 129,244 6.2 224.9 283,930 27.7 126,426 6.4 224.6 1,135.1 1,132.2
1991 337,399 16.1 135,204 4.6 249.6 330,032 16.2 132,214 4.6 249.6 1,259.7 1,258.4
1992 386,999 14.7 140,990 4.3 274.5 379,179 14.9 138,074 4.4 274.6 1,385.6 1,384.4
1993 453,092 17.1 150,783 6.9 300.5 447,113 17.9 148,744 7.7 300.6 1,516.9 1,515.3
1994 523,300 15.5 159,269 5.6 328.6 514,990 15.2 156,571 5.3 328.9 1,658.6 1,658.1
1995 598,327 14.3 167,953 5.5 356.2 591,369 14.8 165,897 6.0 356.5 1,798.3 1,797.0
1996 695,934 16.3 174,261 3.8 399.4 684,741 15.8 171,056 3.2 400.0 2,016.0 2,016.4
BASE YEAR 1996

1996 695,934 – 695,934 3.8 100.0 684,676 – 684,676 – 100.0 2,016.0 2,016.4
1997 803,698 15.5 739,763 6.3 108.6 794,289 16.0 730,947 6.8 108.7 2,189.4 2,191.1
1998 912,839 13.6 774,796 4.7 117.8 901,283 13.5 764,908 4.6 117.8 2,374.8 2,374.5
1999 994,730 9.0 808,340 4.3 123.0 976,899 8.4 794,340 3.8 123.1 2,481.7 2,482.7
2000 1,125,259 13.1 857,035 6.0 131.3 1,102,177 12.8 840,200 5.8 131.2 2,647.0 2,645.5
2001 1,245,599 10.7 843,794 -1.5 147.6 1,221,768 10.9 829,055 -1.3 147.4 2,975.6 2,972.2
BASE YEAR 2002

2002(c) 1,636,037 – 1,636,037 – 100.0 1,611,994 – 1,611,994 – 100.0 3,225.6 3,220.2
2003 1,822,468 11.4 1,733,222 5.9 105.1 1,805,933 12.0 1,717,497 6.5 105.1 3,391.7 3,386.0
2004 2,090,841 14.7 1,827,597 5.4 114.4 2,070,109 14.6 1,809,475 5.4 114.4 3,690.2 3,684.0
2005 2,452,782 17.3 1,941,671 6.2 126.3 2,422,733 17.0 1,917,884 6.0 126.3 4,074.7 4,067.9
2006 2,938,680 19.8 2,090,564 7.7 140.6 2,898,256 19.6 2,061,806 7.5 140.6 4,534.2 4,526.6
2007 3,578,688 21.8 2,232,656 6.8 160.3 3,539,634 22.1 2,208,291 7.1 160.3 5,170.2 5,161.6
2008 4,410,682 23.2 2,365,501 6.0 186.5 4,305,650 21.6 2,309,171 4.6 186.5 6,014.4 6,004.3
2009 4,835,293 9.6 2,449,214 3.5 197.4 4,779,498 11.0 2,420,952 4.8 197.4 6,368.0 6,357.4
BASE YEAR 2010

2010 6,413,668 – 6,413,668 – 100.0 6,343,892 – 6,343,892 – 100.0 6,832.8 6,821.4
2011 7,219,106 12.6 6,952,720 8.4 103.8 7,147,065 12.7 6,885,232 8.5 103.8 7,094.6 7,080.8
2012 8,732,463 21.0 7,588,517 9.1 115.1 8,577,574 20.0 7,453,571 8.3 115.1 7,862.9 7,850.1
2013 9,592,125 9.8 7,846,202 3.4 122.3 9,366,039 9.2 7,662,004 2.8 122.2 8,353.3 8,338.5
2014 10,361,151 8.0 8,235,429 5.0 125.8 10,125,078 8.1 8,049,085 5.1 125.8 8,596.5 8,580.8
(d)
2015 10,950,621 5.7 8,647,833 5.0 126.6 10,675,880 5.4 8,432,998 4.8 126.6 8,652.3 8,635.7
2016(d)(e) 11,906,752 8.7 9,034,290 4.5 131.8 11,585,492 8.5 8,795,027 4.3 131.7 9,005.3 8,985.7
2017(d)(e) 13,317,292 11.8 9,333,217 3.3 142.7 12,961,010 11.9 9,081,177 3.3 142.7 9,749.6 9,735.8
Note : Base year 1959 series from 1960 to 1970 can be obtained from previous publications. Sources : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(a) The continuous series on GDP and GNI (at 1996 Factor Cost Prices) for the period 1959–2002 are given
in Table 7 of the special statistical appendix of the Central Bank 2002 Annual Report.
(b) The continuous GDP deflator series (1996=100) are given in Table 2 of the special statistical appendix
of the Central Bank Annual Report.
(c) Figures from 2002 onwards are based on the estimates of the Department of Census and Statistics.
(d) Revised.
(e) Provisional.
29
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
Table 4.3
Gross Domestic Product at Constant Prices 1970 – 2017(a)
Rs. Million
Agriculture, Mining Manu- Cons- Electri- Transport, Trade Banking, Owner- Public Services Gross
Forestry & factu- truction city Storage & Insurance ship Adminis- (n.e.s.) Domestic
Year & Quarry- ring Gas & Communi- & Real of tration & Product
Fishing ing Water cation Estate Dwellings Defence
Base Year 1970

1970 3,732 95 2,197 744 101 1,258 2,533 152 399 517 1,459 13,187
1971 3,642 96 2,279 708 90 1,219 2,456 166 407 548 1,598 13,209
1972 3,755 103 2,321 651 101 1,335 2,548 175 415 583 1,644 13,631
1973 3,725 472 2,266 665 107 1,354 2,607 182 419 641 1,700 14,138
1974 3,942 295 2,163 712 108 1,462 2,771 213 455 688 1,776 14,585
1975 3,847 395 2,263 649 117 1,497 2,886 276 463 729 1,865 14,987
1976 3,894 571 2,371 685 122 1,425 2,928 246 467 760 1,962 15,431
1977 4,299 515 2,357 619 131 1,498 2,999 295 475 791 2,099 16,078
1978 4,532 619 2,541 794 158 1,607 3,267 318 499 854 2,212 17,401
1979 4,622 652 2,659 960 190 1,716 3,551 350 518 905 2,378 18,501
1980 4,766 684 2,681 1,066 209 1,838 3,849 402 549 959 2,572 19,575
1981 5,097 713 2,820 1,034 234 1,957 4,034 462 579 997 2,779 20,706
1982 5,231 742 2,955 1,013 257 2,079 4,275 517 611 1,102 2,974 21,756
Base Year 1982
1982 24,964 2,238 13,601 7,959 1,089 10,666 19,694 3,715 3,250 2,899 4,604 94,679
1983 26,212 2,413 13,710 8,039 1,161 11,281 20,738 4,130 3,315 3,786 4,590 99,375
1984 26,113 2,449 15,390 8,030 1,239 12,437 22,029 4,526 3,381 4,165 4,636 104,395
1985 28,366 2,486 16,193 8,070 1,313 12,959 22,925 4,975 3,432 4,432 4,419 109,570
1986 29,106 2,615 17,558 8,191 1,406 13,377 23,821 5,174 3,497 5,274 4,242 114,261
1987 27,409 3,112 18,748 8,338 1,448 13,538 24,496 5,490 3,550 5,435 4,358 115,922
1988 27,984 3,392 19,622 8,463 1,499 13,619 25,164 5,819 3,603 5,462 4,423 119,050
1989 27,666 3,576 20,488 8,514 1,526 13,883 25,588 6,168 3,650 6,140 4,530 121,729
1990 30,011 3,901 22,427 8,761 1,681 14,410 26,497 6,556 3,705 6,355 4,940 129,244
1991 30,570 3,511 23,949 9,033 1,800 15,534 28,556 6,831 3,761 6,304 5,355 135,204
1992 30,090 3,300 26,059 9,765 1,897 16,606 30,074 7,241 3,795 6,449 5,714 140,990
1993 31,554 3,693 28,806 10,400 2,125 17,287 32,584 8,023 3,841 6,642 5,828 150,783
1994 32,593 3,915 31,418 11,024 2,335 17,823 34,667 8,785 3,887 6,848 5,974 159,269
1995 33,659 4,048 34,294 11,564 2,573 18,803 35,906 9,707 3,938 7,218 6,243 167,953
1996 32,109 4,408 36,539 11,957 2,522 20,213 37,765 10,687 3,989 7,579 6,493 174,261
Agri- Mining Manu- Cons- Electri- Transport, Wholesale Financial Public Gross
culture, & factu- truction city, Gas Storage& and Retail Services, Real Administration, Domestic
Year Forestry Quarry- ring & Commu- Trade, Estate and Other Govt. Product
& ing Water nication Hotels and Business Services
Fishing Resturants Services and Defence
Base Year 1996
1996 156,108 13,927 112,724 48,234 9,171 74,502 159,751 68,316 53,203 695,934
1997 160,753 14,460 122,929 50,842 9,918 81,074 170,148 73,951 55,698 739,763
1998 164,804 13,677 130,702 54,461 10,921 87,266 177,611 77,944 57,411 774,796
1999 172,238 14,238 136,498 57,075 11,958 94,303 179,940 81,259 60,851 808,340
2000 175,317 14,921 149,115 59,815 12,496 101,670 195,233 85,766 62,702 857,035
2001 169,377 15,019 142,909 61,292 12,130 105,497 181,733 91,457 64,381 843,795
2002 173,623 14,858 145,864 60,796 12,044 113,525 191,505 99,820 65,213 877,248
Agri- Mining Manu- Cons- Electri- Transport Whole- Hotels Banking, Owner- Govern- Private Gross
culture, & factu- truction city, & sale & Insu- ship of ment Services Domestic
Year Forestry Quarry- ring Gas Commu- & Restau- rence & Dwell- Services Product
& ing & nication Retail rants Real ings
Fishing Water Trade Estate
Base Year 2002(b)
2002 233,615 19,888 302,365 100,404 35,608 173,745 389,332 3,460 130,465 68,371 139,094 39,691 1,636,037
2003 237,531 23,156 314,204 104,136 38,151 191,872 420,478 8,802 144,816 69,252 140,234 40,592 1,733,222
2004 237,536 24,439 330,459 110,259 40,445 210,495 451,633 10,691 153,143 70,008 146,030 42,460 1,827,597
2005 241,851 28,791 350,886 120,196 46,108 230,597 480,402 9,186 163,863 70,749 153,866 45,177 1,941,671
2006 257,147 35,769 370,355 131,248 52,926 259,546 514,511 9,411 177,817 71,533 161,611 48,689 2,090,564
2007 265,870 42,631 394,233 142,996 55,339 286,764 546,145 9,199 193,375 72,345 171,259 52,500 2,232,656
2008 285,897 48,090 413,681 154,173 56,847 310,029 571,911 8,741 206,048 73,137 181,051 55,896 2,365,501
2009 295,097 52,030 427,334 162,790 58,974 329,578 570,698 9,901 217,819 74,051 191,778 59,164 2,449,214
2010 315,610 60,079 458,660 177,912 63,682 368,643 613,358 13,845 234,255 74,692 202,187 62,617 2,645,542
Agri- Mining Manu- Cons- Electri- Transpor- Whole- Accom- Financial Real Informa- Public Profes- Gross
culture, & factu- truction city, tation, sale modation, Services, Estate tion Adminis- sional & Domestic
Year Forestry Quarry- ring Gas, Storage, & Food Insurance including & tration, Other Product
& ing Water & Postal & Retail and & Ownership Commu- Defence, Personal
Fishing Sewerage Courier Trade Beverage Reinsu- of nication Education Services
Activities Services rance Dwelling & Human
Health
Base Year 2010(b)
2010 544,914 124,926 1,157,975 336,381 89,584 666,220 705,778 87,693 342,763 307,112 31,650 658,950 704,156 6,413,668
2011 569,954 148,100 1,198,135 424,798 95,914 749,959 788,048 105,372 382,274 328,076 33,813 659,260 770,353 6,952,720
2012 592,443 184,468 1,235,988 514,757 100,388 809,833 848,686 134,160 433,714 369,719 36,674 726,619 886,056 7,588,517
2013 611,676 198,447 1,263,921 553,438 103,274 853,903 859,977 126,392 456,863 417,024 39,510 686,499 965,476 7,846,202
2014 639,696 201,613 1,296,100 611,842 109,156 889,562 884,094 131,481 495,201 444,049 44,078 723,918 1,006,119 8,235,429
2015(c) 669,725 191,145 1,360,977 596,697 118,906 935,581 933,216 134,017 575,798 489,352 48,917 750,036 1,027,800 8,647,833
(c)(d)
2016 644,262 218,587 1,403,905 645,933 130,861 986,903 956,918 139,442 643,520 520,080 52,827 786,812 1,037,514 9,034,290
2017(c)(d) 639,279 240,699 1,459,140 674,035 135,955 996,151 993,501 146,431 700,556 544,728 58,204 777,519 1,072,317 9,333,217
(a) The continuous series on GDP (at 1996 Factor Cost Prices) for the period 1959–2002 are given in Table 7 of the Sources : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
special statistical appendix of the Central Bank 2002 Annual Report. Department of Census
(b) Figures from 2002 onwards are constant prices based on the estimates of the Department of Census and Statistics. and Statistics
(c) Revised. (d) Provisional.
30
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
Table 4.4
Gross Domestic Product at Current Prices 1970 – 2017
Rs. Million
Agriculture, Mining Manu- Cons- Electri- Transport, Trade Banking, Owner- Public Services Gross
Forestry & factu- truction city Storage & Insurance ship Adminis- (n.e.s.) Domestic
Year & Quarry- ring Gas & Communi- & Real of tration & Product
Fishing ing Water cation Estate Dwellings Defence
Base Year 1970

1970 3,732 95 2,197 744 101 1,258 2,533 152 399 517 1,459 13,187
1971 3,705 112 2,399 751 113 1,270 3,076 166 407 550 1,549 13,674
1972 3,878 129 2,592 711 130 1,405 2,652 191 414 575 1,619 14,720
1973 4,892 489 3,122 802 136 1,596 3,806 220 421 654 1,782 17,920
1974 7,728 334 4,342 1,011 154 1,853 4,443 302 456 704 1,976 23,303
1975 7,798 450 5,158 1,018 164 2,079 4,975 336 639 798 2,276 25,691
1976 8,133 639 5,620 1,164 171 2,286 5,456 419 726 948 2,470 28,032
1977 10,644 595 8,023 1,133 194 2,723 6,239 542 832 1,177 2,582 34,684
1978 12,332 732 8,094 1,965 239 2,994 7,536 845 969 1,516 3,257 40,479
1979 13,412 947 9,484 3,218 398 4,744 9,435 1,243 1,293 1,664 3,944 49,782
1980 17,151 1,249 11,048 5,552 601 5,293 10,898 1,785 1,457 1,965 5,247 62,246
1981 21,977 1,514 12,883 7,001 808 7,307 14,197 2,463 1,768 2,350 7,069 79,337
1982 25,157 1,734 14,134 7,959 1,244 8,536 16,059 3,192 2,052 2,878 8,698 91,643
Base Year 1982
1982 24,964 2,238 13,601 7,959 1,089 10,666 19,694 3,715 3,250 2,899 4,604 94,679
1983 32,180 2,799 15,958 9,807 1,428 12,554 21,759 4,183 3,696 4,100 5,414 113,878
1984 40,138 3,153 20,890 11,180 1,633 15,499 27,192 4,731 3,958 5,322 6,343 140,039
1985 41,069 3,328 21,849 11,640 2,042 16,554 29,261 5,693 4,162 6,376 6,347 148,321
1986 44,355 4,155 24,869 12,272 2,252 17,911 31,808 6,840 4,578 7,945 6,728 163,713
1987 47,923 4,927 28,470 13,020 2,346 18,663 34,520 7,455 4,904 8,501 7,002 177,731
1988 53,600 5,567 31,298 14,943 2,492 21,988 40,578 9,002 5,250 11,050 7,748 203,516
1989 58,462 5,980 34,941 17,332 2,788 23,109 46,625 10,496 5,850 13,600 8,955 228,138
1990 76,488 7,098 43,264 21,541 3,652 28,655 61,812 13,225 7,138 15,840 11,902 290,615
1991 90,257 7,204 49,816 24,535 4,729 32,896 71,556 16,399 8,130 17,630 14,247 337,399
1992 100,080 6,757 59,346 28,485 4,630 38,587 83,904 20,827 9,146 18,141 17,096 386,999
1993 111,659 8,446 68,881 32,615 6,065 45,533 99,736 27,804 10,344 22,622 19,387 453,092
1994 124,370 10,473 80,482 38,323 7,727 52,591 115,021 35,617 11,513 25,314 21,869 523,300
1995 137,678 11,510 94,098 44,455 8,701 59,217 131,449 43,346 12,572 31,136 24,165 598,327
1996 156,108 13,927 112,724 48,234 9,171 73,784 155,316 49,675 14,232 35,215 27,548 695,934
Agri- Mining Manu- Cons- Electri- Transport, Wholesale Financial Public Gross
culture, & factu- truction city, Gas Storage& and Retail Services, Real Administration, Domestic
Year Forestry Quarry- ring & Commu- Trade, Estate and Other Govt. Product
& ing Water nication Hotels and Business Services
Fishing Resturants Services and Defence
Base Year 1996
1996 156,108 13,927 112,724 48,234 9,171 74,501 159,750 68,316 53,203 695,934
1997 175,774 16,587 131,876 56,434 11,280 87,192 182,518 80,709 61,328 803,698
1998 192,665 17,433 151,007 69,301 13,660 102,606 202,249 92,943 70,975 912,839
1999 205,599 18,322 163,103 75,538 14,425 114,978 218,293 106,819 77,653 994,730
2000 223,926 21,547 189,331 82,684 13,415 132,990 261,238 114,417 85,711 1,125,259
2001 249,790 23,959 198,721 95,057 16,127 151,983 269,922 138,140 101,898 1,245,599
Agri- Mining Manu- Cons- Electri- Transport Whole- Hotels Banking, Owner- Govern- Private Gross
culture, & factu- truction city, & sale & Insu- ship of ment Services Domestic
Year Forestry Quarry- ring Gas Commu- & Restau- rence & Dwell- Services Product
& ing & nication Retail rants Real ings
Fishing Water Trade Estate
Base Year 2002(a)
2002 233,615 19,888 302,365 100,404 35,608 173,745 389,332 3,460 130,465 68,371 139,094 39,691 1,636,037
2003 241,122 25,523 338,832 110,111 43,562 200,702 441,950 9,277 153,869 73,033 142,793 41,693 1,822,468
2004 262,271 30,129 391,421 127,692 49,116 240,307 513,498 11,763 178,119 77,676 163,474 45,375 2,090,841
2005 289,906 35,932 478,611 167,999 57,908 287,491 569,255 14,218 205,322 88,759 206,497 50,886 2,452,782
2006 333,137 46,202 564,987 216,833 72,457 344,909 659,597 16,646 266,972 103,201 257,837 55,902 2,938,680
2007 418,104 56,645 661,983 264,104 88,005 423,820 790,628 18,367 328,158 126,212 333,758 68,905 3,578,688
2008 590,114 71,768 791,898 327,138 104,666 530,980 949,372 20,611 413,322 141,794 380,765 88,255 4,410,682
2009 613,694 79,204 875,562 366,248 113,687 599,934 948,425 24,988 499,304 161,485 445,543 107,219 4,835,293
2010 717,910 89,226 1,009,003 423,414 127,625 709,400 1,096,961 33,213 597,540 171,871 500,547 127,393 5,604,104
Agri- Mining Manu- Cons- Electri- Transpor- Whole- Accom- Financial Real Informa- Public Profes- Gross
culture, & factu- truction city, tation, sale modation, Services, Estate tion Adminis- sional & Domestic
Year Forestry Quarry- ring Gas, Storage, & Food Insurance including & tration, Other Product
& ing Water & Postal & Retail and & Ownership Commu- Defence, Personal
Fishing Sewerage Courier Trade Beverage Reinsu- of nication Education Services
Activities Services rance Dwelling & Human
Health
Base Year 2010(a)
2010 544,914 124,926 1,157,975 336,381 89,584 666,220 705,778 87,693 342,763 307,112 31,650 658,950 704,156 6,413,668
2011 637,567 153,772 1,330,067 451,714 85,484 788,335 846,106 112,442 283,544 350,090 37,819 740,119 822,044 7,219,106
2012 650,510 213,318 1,697,818 621,140 98,489 1,061,994 975,056 154,007 361,537 424,415 45,560 818,584 1,017,139 8,732,463
2013 735,382 245,382 1,723,093 715,455 113,398 1,167,529 1,047,793 155,197 390,522 512,063 58,085 889,849 1,185,506 9,592,125
2014 829,577 254,392 1,758,713 813,689 105,204 1,292,946 1,117,234 166,608 433,665 562,687 61,818 985,732 1,274,928 10,361,151
(b)
2015 896,229 249,098 1,780,785 830,412 114,937 1,307,311 1,193,649 171,356 450,227 625,695 76,139 1,144,852 1,314,149 10,950,621
(b)(c)
2016 890,602 315,122 1,874,949 934,706 124,210 1,430,798 1,269,831 185,039 527,491 690,146 88,884 1,201,729 1,376,750 11,906,752
2017(b)(c) 1,024,125 355,649 2,119,867 1,040,891 126,070 1,481,502 1,404,537 207,054 643,021 770,246 100,766 1,288,894 1,516,268 13,317,292
(a) Figures from 2002 onwards are based on the estimates of the Department of Census and Statistics. Sources : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Revised. Department of Census
(c) Provisional. and Statistics
31
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
Table 4.5
Gross National Income by Industrial Origin
(a)
at Constant (2010) Prices 2012 – 2017 Rs. Million
Economic Activity 2012 2013 2014 2015(b) 2016(b)(c) 2017(b)(c)
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 592,443 611,676 639,696 669,725 644,262 639,279
Growing of Cereals (except Rice) 12,521 14,307 13,969 14,984 13,149 11,799
Growing of Rice 62,289 65,607 61,019 76,293 52,387 50,269
Growing of Vegetables 51,244 54,153 55,244 56,730 58,705 49,198
Growing of Sugar Cane, Tobacco and
Other Non-perennial Crops 2,254 2,441 2,287 1,882 2,168 1,863
Growing of Fruits 38,248 37,385 40,888 48,038 46,511 49,960
Growing of Oleaginous Fruits (Coconut, King Coconut, Oil Palm) 62,201 53,424 64,158 67,514 66,970 53,929
Growing of Tea (Green Leaves) 72,100 74,734 73,936 72,051 63,970 67,021
Growing of Other Beverage Crops (Coffee, Cocoa etc.) 1,319 1,321 1,538 1,259 1,354 1,268
Growing of Spices, Aromatic, Drug and Pharmaceutical Crops 44,426 50,833 57,505 60,797 62,197 62,500
Growing of Rubber 44,249 37,987 28,688 25,783 23,028 24,167
Growing of Other Perennial Crops 15,167 14,344 15,402 16,839 16,484 16,739
Animal Production 29,511 36,599 47,950 51,857 55,629 57,810
Plant Propagation and Support Activities to Agriculture 9,105 9,183 9,767 10,421 10,210 10,250
Forestry and Logging 38,188 43,044 47,450 48,362 52,669 64,261
Marine Fishing and Marine Aquaculture 97,063 103,879 105,822 104,413 105,094 103,038
Fresh Water Fishing and Fresh Water Aquaculture 12,560 12,435 14,072 12,503 13,735 15,208
Industries 2,035,601 2,119,080 2,218,711 2,267,725 2,399,285 2,509,829

Mining and Quarrying 184,468 198,447 201,613 191,145 218,587 240,699
Manufacture of Food, Beverages & Tobacco Products 507,121 507,127 513,960 528,821 527,794 535,983
Manufacture of Textiles, Wearing Apparel and
Leather Related Products 244,496 264,527 276,800 282,719 287,760 304,291
Manufacture of Wood and of Products of Wood and Cork,
except Furniture 23,472 25,258 23,139 27,320 31,666 31,556
Manufacture of Paper Products, Printing and
Reproduction of Media Products 24,738 24,925 24,968 27,728 30,504 33,236
Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products 28,858 27,514 28,723 29,075 31,245 29,743
Manufacture of Chemical Products and
Basic Pharmaceutical Products 75,582 81,982 82,243 83,179 86,929 89,175
Manufacture of Rubber and Plastic Products 83,307 82,187 71,909 76,144 88,635 96,367
Manufacture of Other Non-metallic Mineral Products 87,090 81,037 78,671 75,191 67,168 72,784
Manufacture of Basic Metals and Fabricated Metal Products 24,591 26,589 24,882 28,953 36,186 39,312
Manufacture of Machinery and Equipment 30,849 30,845 32,064 38,848 45,087 48,104
Manufacture of Furniture 63,922 67,488 82,748 94,489 97,958 102,715
Other Manufacturing and Repair and
Installation of Machinery and Equipment 41,962 44,443 55,993 68,509 72,973 75,874
Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 75,262 76,789 80,298 85,202 92,350 94,819
Water Collection, Treatment and Supply 10,554 10,975 11,504 12,023 12,971 13,569
Sewerage, Waste, Treatment and Disposal Activities 14,572 15,511 17,355 21,681 25,539 27,567
Construction 514,757 553,438 611,842 596,697 645,933 674,035
Services 4,245,461 4,405,644 4,618,501 4,894,717 5,124,016 5,289,407

Wholesale and Retail Trade 848,686 859,977 884,094 933,216 956,918 993,501
Transportation of Goods and Passengers including Warehousing 805,391 849,539 885,506 931,529 982,643 991,727
Postal and Courier Activities 4,441 4,364 4,056 4,052 4,260 4,425
Accommodation, Food and Beverage Service Activities 134,160 126,392 131,481 134,017 139,442 146,431
Programming and Broadcasting Activities and Audio Video Productions 2,252 2,422 2,513 2,624 2,831 3,205
Telecommunication 26,450 27,395 30,986 34,146 36,982 41,435
IT Programming Consultancy and Related Activities 7,972 9,693 10,579 12,148 13,015 13,564
Financial Service Activities and Auxiliary Financial Services 364,688 386,009 420,223 493,785 554,521 606,468
Insurance, Reinsurance and Pension Funding 69,026 70,854 74,978 82,013 88,999 94,088
Real Estate Activities, including Ownership of Dwelling 369,719 417,024 444,049 489,352 520,080 544,728
Professional Services 155,741 161,963 166,486 154,266 152,228 158,720
Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory Social Security 385,615 382,470 402,205 430,105 452,586 430,671
Education 167,107 157,477 173,751 159,875 171,826 172,698
Human Health Activities, Residential Care and Social Work Activities 173,898 146,551 147,962 160,056 162,400 174,150
Other Personal Service Activities 730,316 803,514 839,633 873,534 885,286 913,597
Equals Gross Value Added (GVA) at Basic Prices 6,873,506 7,136,401 7,476,908 7,832,167 8,167,563 8,438,515
Taxes Less Subsidies on Products 715,011 709,801 758,521 815,667 866,727 894,702
Equals Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at Market Price 7,588,517 7,846,202 8,235,429 8,647,833 9,034,290 9,333,217
Net Primary Income from Rest of the World -134,946 -184,198 -186,344 -214,835 -239,263 -252,040
Gross National Income at Market Price 7,453,571 7,662,004 8,049,085 8,432,998 8,795,027 9,081,177
(a) The data is based on the base year 2010 GDP estimates Source : Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Revised
(c) Provisional
32
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
Table 4.6
Gross National Income by Industrial Origin
(a)
at Current Market Prices 2012 – 2017 Rs. Million
Economic Activity 2012 2013 2014(b) 2015(b) 2016(b)(c) 2017(b)(c)
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 650,510 735,382 829,577 896,229 890,602 1,024,125
Growing of Cereals (except Rice) 14,196 17,592 18,454 20,385 16,503 14,640
Growing of Rice 61,921 66,851 100,931 118,098 72,809 110,419
Growing of Vegetables 58,219 69,065 73,091 90,546 85,842 66,363
Growing of Sugar Cane, Tobacco and
Other Non-perennial Crops 2,623 3,263 3,431 2,801 3,194 3,200
Growing of Fruits 40,185 44,839 45,697 55,258 64,559 84,328
Growing of Oleaginous Fruits (Coconut, King Coconut, Oil Palm) 59,795 74,654 79,820 95,586 75,804 104,575
Growing of Tea (Green Leaves) 76,362 90,921 91,533 75,789 82,133 116,696
Growing of Other Beverage Crops (Coffee, Cocoa etc.) 1,488 1,263 1,622 1,366 2,096 2,044
Growing of Spices, Aromatic, Drug and Pharmaceutical Crops 48,960 49,507 75,735 80,564 86,459 87,677
Growing of Rubber 46,938 31,493 17,437 14,226 10,717 17,788
Growing of Other Perennial Crops 18,474 19,251 22,636 24,507 25,674 24,227
Animal Production 28,956 40,334 57,284 65,517 92,499 99,487
Plant Propagation and Support Activities to Agriculture 10,504 11,166 12,110 13,808 14,889 14,852
Forestry and Logging 51,152 64,072 71,767 75,549 83,816 100,094
Marine Fishing and Marine Aquaculture 117,495 137,651 141,987 146,923 159,302 159,133
Fresh Water Fishing and Fresh Water Aquaculture 13,244 13,460 16,043 15,305 14,307 18,603
Industries 2,630,766 2,797,328 2,931,998 2,975,232 3,248,987 3,642,478

Mining and Quarrying 213,318 245,382 254,392 249,098 315,122 355,649
Manufacture of Food, Beverages & Tobacco Products 798,849 801,748 759,354 823,461 866,921 976,844
Leather Related Products 346,377 365,685 415,363 399,291 402,540 477,476
Manufacture of Wood and of Products of Wood and Cork,
except Furniture 23,397 27,365 22,269 29,023 27,771 24,794
Reproduction of Media Products 26,989 28,261 36,585 39,575 43,487 44,682
Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products 40,339 66,064 66,690 20,399 5,049 4,688
Basic Pharmaceutical Products 54,254 62,740 74,134 73,804 87,444 87,769
Manufacture of Rubber and Plastic Products 85,188 74,995 77,754 81,853 94,206 107,078
Manufacture of Other Non-metallic Mineral Products 143,788 124,831 110,571 92,862 97,618 102,962
Manufacture of Basic Metals and Fabricated Metal Products 32,086 34,300 33,635 39,298 53,537 68,944
Manufacture of Machinery and Equipment 33,735 34,584 33,421 46,309 51,049 62,953
Manufacture of Furniture 59,516 57,966 78,967 78,569 80,714 87,216
Installation of Machinery and Equipment 53,300 44,553 49,971 56,342 64,615 74,461
Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 78,833 90,539 77,639 82,966 86,874 88,106
Water Collection, Treatment and Supply 9,413 11,189 14,425 15,098 17,819 17,733
Sewerage, Waste, Treatment and Disposal Activities 10,244 11,671 13,140 16,873 19,517 20,231
Construction 621,140 715,455 813,689 830,412 934,706 1,040,891
Services 4,858,292 5,406,544 5,895,618 6,283,379 6,770,667 7,412,288

Wholesale and Retail Trade 975,056 1,047,793 1,117,234 1,193,649 1,269,831 1,404,537
Transportation of Goods and Passengers including Warehousing 1,057,477 1,162,834 1,288,124 1,302,310 1,425,908 1,476,466
Postal and Courier Activities 4,517 4,695 4,821 5,001 4,890 5,036
Accommodation, Food and Beverage Service Activities 154,007 155,197 166,608 171,356 185,039 207,054
Programming and Broadcasting Activities and Audio Video Productions 3,151 4,198 3,680 4,426 4,809 4,883
Telecommunication 33,257 41,986 44,733 56,181 66,805 76,703
IT Programming Consultancy and Related Activities 9,151 11,902 13,405 15,532 17,271 19,180
Financial Service Activities and Auxiliary Financial Services 282,003 308,810 340,727 347,909 406,769 499,177
Insurance, Reinsurance and Pension Funding 79,534 81,712 92,938 102,319 120,722 143,844
Real Estate Activities, including Ownership of Dwelling 424,415 512,063 562,687 625,695 690,146 770,246
Professional Services 178,781 198,873 210,966 197,247 201,975 224,430
Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory Social Security 455,798 501,755 563,280 637,473 678,675 746,439
Education 171,532 189,298 212,148 250,174 256,884 266,319
Human Health Activities, Residential Care and Social Work Activities 191,255 198,796 210,304 257,206 266,170 276,135
Other Personal Service Activities 838,358 986,633 1,063,962 1,116,902 1,174,775 1,291,839
Equals Gross Value Added (GVA) at Basic Prices 8,139,568 8,939,254 9,657,194 10,154,839 10,910,257 12,078,890
Taxes Less Subsidies on Products 592,895 652,871 703,957 795,782 996,495 1,238,401
Equals Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at Market Price 8,732,463 9,592,125 10,361,151 10,950,621 11,906,752 13,317,292
Net Primary Income from Rest of the World -154,889 -226,086 236,073 -274,740 -321,260(d) -356,282(d)
Gross National Income at Market Price 8,577,574 9,366,039 10,125,078 10,675,880 11,585,492 12,961,010
(a) The data is based on the base year 2010 GDP estimates of the Department of Census and Statistics. Source : Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Revised
(c) Provisional
(d) The difference with the BOP estimates is due to the time lag in compilation.
33
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
Table 4.7
(a)
Composition of Gross Domestic Product at Current Market Prices 2012 – 2017
Rupees Million Growth Rates (%)

Item
2012 2013 2014 2015(b) 2016(b)(c) 2017(b)(c) 2012 2013 2014 2015(b) 2016(b)(c) 2017(b)(c)
Gross Domestic Product 8,732,463 9,592,125 10,361,151 10,950,621 11,906,752 13,317,292 21.0 9.8 8.0 5.7 8.7 11.8
Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing 650,510 735,382 829,577 896,229 890,602 1,024,125 2.0 13.0 12.8 8.0 -0.6 15.0
Mining & Quarrying 213,318 245,382 254,392 249,098 315,122 355,649 38.7 15.0 3.7 -2.1 26.5 12.9
Manufacturing 1,697,818 1,723,093 1,758,713 1,780,785 1,874,949 2,119,867 27.6 1.5 2.1 1.3 5.3 13.1
Construction 621,140 715,455 813,689 830,412 934,706 1,040,891 37.5 15.2 13.7 2.1 12.6 11.4
Electricity, Gas, Water and Sewerage 98,489 113,398 105,204 114,937 124,210 126,070 15.2 15.1 -7.2 9.3 8.1 1.5
Transportation & Storage,
Postal & Courier Activities 1,061,994 1,167,529 1,292,946 1,307,311 1,430,798 1,481,502 34.7 9.9 10.7 1.1 9.4 3.5
Wholesale & Retail Trade 975,056 1,047,793 1,117,234 1,193,649 1,269,831 1,404,537 15.2 7.5 6.6 6.8 6.4 10.6
Accommodation 154,007 155,197 166,608 171,356 185,039 207,054 37.0 0.8 7.4 2.8 8.0 11.9
Financial Services, Insurance & Reinsurance 361,537 390,522 433,665 450,227 527,491 643,021 27.5 8.0 11.0 3.8 17.2 21.9
Real Estate including Ownership of Dwellings 424,415 512,063 562,687 625,695 690,146 770,246 21.2 20.7 9.9 11.2 10.3 11.6
Information & Communication 45,560 58,085 61,818 76,139 88,884 100,766 20.5 27.5 6.4 23.2 16.7 13.4
Public Administration, Defence,
Education & Human Health 818,584 889,849 985,732 1,144,852 1,201,729 1,288,894 10.6 8.7 10.8 16.1 5.0 7.3
Professional & Other Personal Services 1,017,139 1,185,506 1,274,928 1,314,149 1,376,750 1,516,268 23.7 16.6 7.5 3.1 4.8 10.1
Taxes less Subsidies on Products 592,895 652,871 703,957 795,782 996,495 1,238,401 2.2 10.1 7.8 13.0 25.2 24.3

Gross Domestic Product by Expenditure 8,732,463 9,592,125 10,361,151 10,950,621 11,906,752 13,317,292 21.0 9.8 8.0 5.7 8.7 11.8
Consumption 6,357,545 7,229,352 7,850,006 8,360,930 8,616,150 9,393,491 10.3 13.7 8.6 6.5 3.1 9.0
Government 665,831 745,684 868,059 984,755 1,014,746 1,130,674 7.8 12.0 16.4 13.4 3.0 11.4
Private 5,691,714 6,483,669 6,981,947 7,376,176 7,601,405 8,262,817 10.6 13.9 7.7 5.6 3.1 8.7
Gross Domestic Capital Formation 3,410,511 3,189,326 3,347,638 3,414,556 4,164,890 4,881,144 41.6 -6.5 5.0 2.0 22.0 17.2

Net Export of Goods and Services -1,035,593 -826,553 -836,493 -824,865 -874,289 -957,343 -8.8 20.2 -1.2 1.4 -6.0 -9.5
Export of Goods and Services 1,730,467 1,949,158 2,185,039 2,301,065 2,540,049 2,915,178 14.7 12.6 12.1 5.3 10.4 14.8
Import of Goods and Services 2,766,060 2,775,711 3,021,531 3,125,931 3,414,338 3,872,521 12.4 0.3 8.9 3.5 9.2 13.4
(a) The data is based on the base year 2010 GDP estimates Source : Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Revised
(c) Provisional
Consumption, Investment and National Savings (Current Prices)
80
60
Percentage of GDP
40
20
0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Consumption Investment National Savings

34
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
Table 4.8
Investment and Savings (Current Market Prices) 2014 – 2017(a)
Rs. Million
Item 2014 2015(b) 2016(b)(c) 2017(b)(c)
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 10,361,151 10,950,621 11,906,752 13,317,292

Consumption 7,850,006 8,360,930 8,616,150 9,393,491
Investment 3,347,638 3,414,556 4,164,890 4,881,144
Net Export of Goods & Services -836,493 -824,865 -874,289 -957,343
Domestic Savings (GDP – Consumption) 2,511,145 2,589,690 3,290,601 3,923,801
Net Primary Income from Rest of the World -236,073 -274,740 -321,260(d) -356,282(d)
Net Current Transfers from Rest of the World 813,128 842,082 939,782 962,957(d)
National Savings 3,088,201 3,157,031 3,909,124 4,530,475
National Savings – Investment Gap -259,437 -257,524 -255,767 -350,668
Financing the Gap -259,436 -257,524 -254,159 -350,695

Capital Transfers 7,684 6,256 3,745 1,667
Financial Account -200,261 -346,198 -317,181 -336,145
Financial Account – Assets 338,335 121,053 7,128 448,927
Direct Investment 8,725 7,199 34,476 8,162
Portfolio Investment -29 3 -1 -12
Other Investment 127,197 70,962 38,245 16,297
Reserve Assets 202,442 42,890 65,593 424,480
Financial Account – Liabilities 538,595 467,252 324,309 785,072
Direct Investment 116,721 93,528 131,839 210,361
Portfolio Investment 269,768 101,935 144,665 271,168
Other Investment 152,107 271,788 47,806 303,543
Errors and Omissions 51,492 94,930 66,767 12,883
GDP (%)
Investment 32.3 31.2 35.0 36.7
Domestic Savings 24.2 23.6 27.6 29.5
National Savings 29.8 28.8 32.8 34.0
National Savings – Investment Gap -2.5 -2.4 -2.1 -2.6
(a) The data is based on the base year 2010 GDP estimates. Sources : Department of Census and Statistics
(c) Provisional
(d) The difference with the BOP estimates is due to the time lag in compilation.
Table 4.9
(a)
Quarterly Estimates of GDP [at (2010) Constant Prices]
2016(b)(c) 2017(b)(c)
Sector
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
Rs. Million
Agriculture 154,640 158,749 164,358 166,515 147,784 153,752 159,478 178,265
Industry 666,641 523,134 595,941 613,569 691,150 552,373 627,505 638,801
Services 1,165,176 1,272,550 1,324,877 1,361,414 1,215,419 1,307,232 1,361,395 1,405,361
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 2,085,071 2,118,694 2,288,436 2,542,090 2,155,247 2,183,122 2,362,698 2,632,150
Gross National Income (GNI) 2,027,276 2,069,844 2,231,307 2,466,601 2,092,502 2,137,125 2,303,506 2,548,043
Growth, %
Agriculture -4.4 -5.6 1.4 -6.2 -4.4 -3.1 -3.0 7.1
Industry 13.9 0.7 2.4 5.6 3.7 5.6 5.3 4.1
Services 3.3 3.3 5.7 6.2 4.3 2.7 2.8 3.2
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 5.9 1.9 4.5 5.4 3.4 3.0 3.2 3.5
Gross National Income (GNI) 5.9 1.4 4.3 5.5 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3
(a) The data is based on the base year 2010 GDP estimates. Source : Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Revised
(c) Provisional
35
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
Table 4.10
(a)
Aggregate Demand
Current Market Prices (Rs. Mn.) Constant (2010) Prices (Rs. Mn.)
Item
2015(b) 2016(b)(c) 2017(b)(c) 2015(b) 2016(b)(c) 2017(b)(c)
A. Domestic Demand
Consumption 8,360,930 8,616,150 9,393,491 6,584,691 6,369,395 6,405,552
(% Change) 6.5 3.1 9.0 7.8 -3.3 0.6
Gross Domestic Capital Formation 3,414,556 4,164,890 4,881,144 3,006,450 3,821,310 4,496,122
(% Change) 2.0 22.0 17.2 3.8 27.1 17.7

Total Domestic Demand 11,775,486 12,781,040 14,274,635 9,591,141 10,190,705 10,901,674
(% Change) 5.2 8.5 11.7 6.5 6.3 7.0

B. External Demand
Exports of Goods and Services 2,301,065 2,540,049 2,915,178 1,605,147 1,593,234 1,712,567
(% Change) 5.3 10.4 14.8 4.7 -0.7 7.5
Imports of Goods and Services 3,125,931 3,414,338 3,872,521 2,548,455 2,749,649 3,281,024
(% Change) 3.5 9.2 13.4 10.6 7.9 19.3
Net External Demand -824,865 -874,289 -957,343 -943,307 -1,156,414 -1,568,457

(% Change) 1.4 -6.0 -9.5 -22.4 -22.6 -35.6
C. Total Demand 10,950,621 11,906,752 13,317,292 8,647,833 9,034,290 9,333,217

(% Change) 5.7 8.7 11.8 5.0 4.5 3.3
(a) The data is based on the base year 2010 GDP estimates. Sources : Department of Census and Statistics
(c) Provisional
Composition of Expenditure (Constant Prices)
12,000,000 6.0
5.0
Growth in Total Demand (%)
9,000,000
4.0
6,000,000
Rs. Million
3.0
3,000,000 2.0
1.0
0
0.0
2015 2016 2017
-3,000,000
Domestic Demand External Demand
Total Demand GDP Growth
36
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
Table 4.11
Provincial Gross Domestic Product by Industrial Origin at Current Market Prices 2011 – 2016
North North Sabara- Sri

Year/Province Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva
Western Central gamuwa Lanka
GDP (Rs. Mn.)
2011 2,894,428 644,332 718,768 242,512 379,184 655,182 305,975 297,335 405,596 6,543,313
2012 3,243,854 775,580 834,287 277,828 478,401 760,148 379,243 361,975 467,238 7,578,554
2013(a) 4,049,310 1,003,984 967,872 324,340 544,370 1,045,953 489,622 499,534 667,140 9,592,125
2014(a)(b) 4,295,228 1,088,825 1,033,443 407,074 568,219 1,112,474 561,261 562,679 731,950 10,361,151
2015(a)(b) 4,365,571 1,161,045 1,105,781 452,688 624,429 1,163,403 644,717 609,209 823,777 10,950,621
2016(a)(c) 4,737,065 1,251,900 1,194,360 496,667 682,974 1,272,327 688,057 687,407 895,995 11,906,752
GDP Shares (Percentage)
2011 44.2 9.8 11.0 3.7 5.8 10.0 4.7 4.5 6.2 100.0
2012 42.8 10.2 11.0 3.7 6.3 10.0 5.0 4.8 6.2 100.0
2013(a) 42.2 10.5 10.1 3.4 5.7 10.9 5.1 5.2 7.0 100.0
2014(a)(b) 41.5 10.5 10.0 3.9 5.5 10.7 5.4 5.4 7.1 100.0
2015(a)(b) 39.9 10.6 10.1 4.1 5.7 10.6 5.9 5.6 7.5 100.0
2016(a)(c) 39.8 10.5 10.0 4.2 5.7 10.7 5.8 5.8 7.5 100.0
GDP by Sector (Rs. Mn.)
2011
Agriculture 92,191 113,969 111,892 58,423 61,056 110,318 70,248 84,822 88,841 791,761
Industry 966,704 179,054 212,983 47,275 109,015 194,302 74,013 67,339 105,973 1,956,658
Services 1,835,532 351,309 393,893 136,814 209,113 350,562 161,714 145,173 210,782 3,794,893
GDP 2,894,428 644,332 718,768 242,512 379,184 655,182 305,975 297,335 405,596 6,543,313
2012
Agriculture 93,187 117,963 114,187 59,911 85,452 111,772 74,009 94,581 82,414 833,477
Industry 1,135,586 224,035 287,881 49,467 150,339 230,931 98,046 80,391 131,565 2,388,241
Services 2,015,081 433,583 432,218 168,450 242,610 417,445 207,188 187,003 253,259 4,356,837
GDP 3,243,854 775,580 834,287 277,828 478,401 760,148 379,243 361,975 467,238 7,578,554
2013(a)
Agriculture 87,427 95,261 120,275 47,918 68,055 113,526 60,451 70,030 72,438 735,382
Industry 1,420,948 234,143 229,387 61,274 166,192 301,476 104,018 124,486 155,403 2,797,328
Services 2,265,326 606,246 552,334 193,073 273,071 559,760 291,827 271,017 393,891 5,406,544
GDP 4,049,310 1,003,984 967,872 324,340 544,370 1,045,953 489,622 499,534 667,140 9,592,125
2014(a)(b)
Agriculture 88,570 117,727 157,776 47,280 76,944 123,592 71,682 79,647 66,359 829,577
Industry 1,517,626 240,849 185,879 104,305 148,383 314,744 104,514 145,778 169,920 2,931,998
Services 2,397,206 656,272 619,574 227,831 304,286 598,554 346,932 299,025 445,940 5,895,618
GDP 4,295,228 1,088,825 1,033,443 407,074 568,219 1,112,474 561,261 562,679 731,950
10,361,151
2015(a)(b)
Agriculture 93,145 125,429 160,898 55,451 82,489 134,380 82,258 90,228 71,950 896,229
Industry 1,505,766 246,373 185,672 103,425 152,739 309,294 122,137 152,500 197,327 2,975,232
Services 2,449,415 704,870 678,854 260,915 343,824 635,185 393,471 322,210 494,636 6,283,379
GDP 4,365,571 1,161,045 1,105,781 452,688 624,429 1,163,403 644,717 609,209 823,777
10,950,621
2016(a)(c)
Agriculture 97,908 129,550 160,100 62,198 83,200 128,165 72,984 88,364 68,133 890,602
Industry 1,589,865 264,711 206,371 122,765 170,226 340,354 133,423 189,235 232,039 3,248,987
Services 2,652,839 752,866 727,932 270,137 372,389 697,325 424,066 352,278 520,835 6,770,667
GDP 4,737,065 1,251,900 1,194,360 496,667 682,974 1,272,327 688,057 687,407 895,995
11,906,752
(a) The data is based on the base year 2010 GDP estimates of the Department of Census and Statistics. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Revised
(c) Provisional
Note: GDP = Sum of the Gross Value Added at basic prices + all taxes on product – all subsidies on products.
37
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
Table 4.12
Provincial Gross Domestic Product by Industrial Origin at Current Market Prices – 2015(a)(b)
Rs. Million
Major Division \ Province Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 93,145 125,429 160,898 55,451 82,489 134,380 82,258 90,228 71,950 896,229
Growing of Cereals (except rice) 0 880 1,022 3,120 2,113 1,824 5,109 6,032 284 20,385
Growing of Rice 3,212 4,810 11,883 12,268 26,237 15,022 32,512 9,066 3,087 118,098
Growing of Vegetables 4,228 31,056 6,889 6,665 4,296 7,747 5,949 19,570 4,147 90,546
Growing of Sugar Cane, Tobacco
and Other Non-Perennial Crops 0 152 0 540 148 59 20 1,881 0 2,801
Growing of Fruits 12,008 3,612 8,699 2,674 2,649 10,131 3,028 6,907 5,550 55,258
Growing of Oleaginous Fruits
(Coconut, King coconut, Oil Palm) 16,488 6,146 14,353 2,473 3,854 34,676 7,194 3,162 7,241 95,586
Growing of Tea (Green Leaves) 4,584 25,545 21,709 0 0 0 0 6,022 17,928 75,789
Growing of Other Beverage Crops
(Coffee, Cocoa etc.) 110 776 37 0 0 62 0 166 213 1,366
Growing of Spices, Aromatic, Drug
and Pharmaceutical Crops 4,497 19,264 21,873 1,199 541 3,558 2,417 13,405 13,809 80,564
Growing of Rubber 5,851 917 1,000 0 0 414 0 518 5,526 14,226
Growing of Other Perennial Crops 4,567 2,922 4,661 519 432 5,556 809 664 4,377 24,507
Animal Production 6,748 6,534 4,044 7,536 9,979 16,714 7,849 4,245 1,868 65,517
Plant Propagation and Support Activities
to Agriculture 1,334 2,198 2,060 792 1,076 2,051 1,390 1,534 1,372 13,808
Forestry and Logging 3,164 20,132 4,197 966 5,289 9,678 11,610 14,777 5,736 75,549
Marine Fishing and Marine Aquaculture 25,946 0 57,558 16,201 23,427 23,791 0 0 0 146,923
Fresh Water Fishing and
Fresh Water Aquaculture 408 486 910 499 2,447 3,096 4,371 2,277 810 15,305
Industry
1,505,766 246,373 185,672 103,425 152,739 309,294 122,137 152,500 197,327 2,975,232
Mining and Quarrying 56,279 34,247 8,607 11,390 16,107 24,432 38,361 27,705 31,970 249,098
Manufacture of Food, Beverages and
Tobacco Products 429,944 61,946 55,204 13,952 44,315 52,729 13,944 76,840 74,586 823,461
Leather Related Products 225,645 30,519 23,361 4,793 1,782 80,637 10,258 3,898 18,399 399,291
Manufacture of Wood and of Products of
Wood and Cork, Except Furniture 17,844 4,060 1,072 348 611 2,986 137 814 1,151 29,023
Reproduction of Media Products 36,855 311 228 1,851 29 160 16 1 123 39,575
Manufacture of Coke and
Refined Petroleum Products 20,399 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,399
Basic Pharmaceutical Products 67,356 1,961 1,212 260 25 2,335 15 75 566 73,804
Manufacture of Rubber and Plastic Products 66,761 827 3,638 1 0 2,430 405 147 7,644 81,853
Manufacture of Other Non-Metallic
Mineral Products 44,190 2,338 5,642 69 6,040 29,973 599 297 3,713 92,862
Manufacture of Basic Metals and
Fabricated Metal Products 30,913 1,800 112 477 398 5,160 98 43 296 39,298
Manufacture of Machinery and Equipment 45,333 364 94 0 0 361 81 0 77 46,309
Manufacture of Furniture 64,610 2,562 3,038 399 681 5,760 236 274 1,008 78,569
Installation of Machinery and Equipment 50,602 1,832 800 205 456 286 108 211 1,842 56,342
Electricity, Gas, Steam and
Air Conditioning Supply 21,983 26,754 1,507 1,219 790 25,340 621 836 3,917 82,966
Water Collection, Treatment and Supply 9,317 1,215 1,710 79 789 371 661 431 526 15,098
Sewerage, Waste, Treatment and
Disposal Activities 4,812 2,139 2,057 880 1,300 1,970 1,056 1,059 1,600 16,873
Construction 312,923 73,499 77,390 67,501 79,415 74,364 55,541 39,868 49,909 830,412
(Contd.)
38
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
Table 4.12 (Contd.)

Rs. Million
Services
2,449,415 704,870 678,854 260,915 343,824 635,185 393,471 322,210 494,636 6,283,379
Wholesale and Retail Trade 363,259 127,275 135,358 53,419 88,291 144,869 104,145 67,915 109,117 1,193,649
Transportation of Goods and Passengers
including Warehousing 540,075 134,073 136,814 50,871 56,142 133,469 71,920 67,830 111,116 1,302,310
Postal and Courier Activities 1,589 683 610 311 271 492 311 320 415 5,001
Accommodation, Food and Beverage Service
Activities 73,567 27,826 33,967 5,756 4,482 1,145 10,667 12,228 1,718 171,356
Programming and Broadcasting Activities and
Audio Video Productions 1,262 561 540 231 341 517 277 278 420 4,426
Telecommunication 12,448 6,292 5,728 5,375 4,117 6,170 5,934 4,833 5,285 56,181
IT Programming Consultancy and Related
Activities 10,061 977 647 748 438 1,737 320 72 532 15,532
Financial Service Activities and Auxiliary
Financial Services 243,692 21,639 19,411 9,480 7,606 17,864 8,834 7,179 12,204 347,909
Insurance, Reinsurance and Pension Funding 69,783 5,956 6,159 2,516 2,419 6,043 3,588 2,781 3,074 102,319
Real Estate Activities, including Ownership of
Dwelling 311,791 69,975 64,328 11,170 21,651 54,241 25,562 23,162 43,815 625,695
Professional Services 82,194 25,886 17,638 9,603 11,303 15,890 8,547 9,092 17,094 197,247
Public Administration and Defence;
Compulsory Social Security 177,399 91,689 68,308 37,426 53,321 65,059 53,164 40,463 50,645 637,473
Education 72,445 32,346 28,031 15,170 18,686 28,554 15,107 17,183 22,652 250,174
Human Health Activities, Residential Care and
Social Work Activities 96,323 26,824 27,303 12,971 16,450 27,416 13,708 15,250 20,961 257,206
Other Personal Service Activities 393,529 132,869 134,013 45,869 58,306 131,718 71,385 53,624 95,589 1,116,902
Gross Value Added, at Basic Prices 1,076,672

4,048,325 1,025,424 419,792 579,052
1,078,859 597,865 564,937 763,913
10,154,839
Taxes Less Subsidies on Products 317,246 84,373 80,357 32,897 45,377 84,545 46,852 44,271 59,864 795,782
Gross Domestic Product (GDP),

at Current Market Prices
4,365,571
1,161,045
1,105,781 452,688 624,429
1,163,403 644,717 609,209 823,777
10,950,621
Percent of GDP Contribution 39.9 10.6 10.1 4.1 5.7 10.6 5.9 5.6 7.5 100.0
Per capita GDP by Current Market Prices (Rs.)(c) 730,151 436,812 432,622 413,792 386,643 475,246 491,400 462,925 414,375 522,304
(b) Revised.
(c) Estimates as per the latest population figures.
39
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
Table 4.13
Rs. Million
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 97,908 129,550 160,100 62,198 83,200 128,165 72,984 88,364 68,133 890,602
Growing of Cereals (except rice) 1 307 679 1,777 1,594 1,499 4,865 5,552 230 16,503
Growing of Rice 1,534 2,882 6,675 6,549 17,425 10,511 19,923 5,583 1,727 72,809
Growing of Vegetables 3,637 30,611 6,420 6,635 3,843 8,624 5,391 17,265 3,417 85,842
Growing of Sugar Cane, Tobacco
and Other Non-Perennial Crops 0 122 0 299 175 74 106 2,404 13 3,194
Growing of Fruits 14,414 4,456 6,924 2,628 5,587 11,109 3,592 9,826 6,023 64,559
Growing of Oleaginous Fruits
(Coconut, King coconut, Oil Palm) 13,087 5,222 13,455 1,357 3,766 24,035 5,749 2,211 6,923 75,804
Growing of Tea (Green Leaves) 5,811 27,541 22,457 0 0 0 0 6,307 20,017 82,133
Growing of Other Beverage Crops
(Coffee, Cocoa etc.) 121 1,204 46 0 4 146 1 220 353 2,096
Growing of Spices, Aromatic, Drug
and Pharmaceutical Crops 4,513 20,905 27,740 2,311 1,113 5,264 4,093 8,425 12,094 86,459
Growing of Rubber 5,462 783 1,612 0 0 707 0 453 1,700 10,717
Growing of Other Perennial Crops 4,078 3,859 6,053 321 602 4,195 979 703 4,883 25,674
Animal Production 9,187 8,750 5,331 12,154 14,872 25,200 10,098 5,375 1,532 92,499
Plant Propagation and Support Activities
to Agriculture 1,489 2,568 2,345 820 1,180 2,200 1,320 1,549 1,419 14,889
Forestry and Logging 2,471 19,907 5,020 2,108 3,604 8,191 13,728 21,475 7,312 83,816
Marine Fishing and Marine Aquaculture 31,745 0 54,310 23,624 26,397 23,226 0 0 0 159,302
Fresh Water Fishing and
Fresh Water Aquaculture 358 431 1,033 1,615 3,039 3,183 3,139 1,017 492 14,307
Industry
1,589,865 264,711 206,371 122,765 170,226 340,354 133,423 189,235 232,039 3,248,987
Mining and Quarrying 75,757 41,153 10,773 13,373 17,575 27,870 53,092 36,871 38,657 315,122
Manufacture of Food, Beverages and
Tobacco Products 432,331 63,460 58,332 17,895 45,585 54,580 13,564 96,493 84,679 866,921
Leather Related Products 221,878 31,016 23,283 6,670 1,752 83,444 11,241 3,815 19,441 402,540
Manufacture of Wood and of Products of
Wood and Cork, Except Furniture 17,248 3,748 1,011 358 600 2,807 134 744 1,120 27,771
Reproduction of Media Products 40,429 355 281 2,047 31 178 21 2 144 43,487
Manufacture of Coke and
Refined Petroleum Products 5,049 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,049
Basic Pharmaceutical Products 79,488 2,580 1,301 305 27 2,932 22 88 701 87,444
Manufacture of Rubber and Plastic Products 76,678 905 4,111 2 0 2,933 424 160 8,994 94,206
Manufacture of Other Non-Metallic
Mineral Products 47,748 2,389 5,535 105 6,150 30,991 590 323 3,786 97,618
Manufacture of Basic Metals and
Fabricated Metal Products 41,164 2,294 156 860 553 7,783 164 66 497 53,537
Manufacture of Machinery and Equipment 49,900 420 112 0 0 402 102 0 112 51,049
Manufacture of Furniture 65,845 2,771 3,237 511 860 5,897 250 294 1,048 80,714
Installation of Machinery and Equipment 58,385 1,706 839 217 448 357 117 224 2,323 64,615
Electricity, Gas, Steam and
Air Conditioning Supply 30,469 19,450 1,479 1,009 901 27,784 729 819 4,234 86,874
Water Collection, Treatment and Supply 10,922 1,428 1,957 93 1,023 438 800 510 649 17,819
Sewerage, Waste, Treatment and
Disposal Activities 5,549 2,476 2,379 1,019 1,514 2,280 1,224 1,227 1,849 19,517
Construction 331,026 88,560 91,586 78,301 93,205 89,679 50,948 47,597 63,805 934,706
(Contd.)
40
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
Table 4.13 (Contd.)

Rs. Million
Services
2,652,839 752,866 727,932 270,137 372,389 697,325 424,066 352,278 520,835 6,770,667
Wholesale and Retail Trade 379,771 138,679 145,392 54,546 91,693 155,631 110,758 77,698 115,662 1,269,831
Transportation of Goods and Passengers
including Warehousing 588,814 153,671 146,530 51,612 66,239 151,474 78,195 74,937 114,437 1,425,908
Postal and Courier Activities 1,572 650 598 305 266 481 301 316 401 4,890
Accommodation, Food and Beverage Service
Activities 76,261 30,036 38,258 6,700 5,003 1,247 12,011 13,654 1,870 185,039
Programming and Broadcasting Activities and
Audio Video Productions 1,367 610 586 251 373 562 302 302 456 4,809
Telecommunication 14,846 7,514 6,837 6,434 4,926 7,333 7,046 5,555 6,314 66,805
IT Programming Consultancy and Related
Activities 12,523 871 577 667 391 1,419 285 64 474 17,271
Financial Service Activities and Auxiliary
Financial Services 282,903 25,448 22,704 11,548 9,499 21,113 10,878 8,681 13,996 406,769
Insurance, Reinsurance and Pension Funding 83,587 6,719 7,151 2,954 2,668 7,042 3,966 2,963 3,671 120,722
Real Estate Activities, including Ownership of
Dwelling 343,220 77,322 71,006 12,341 24,079 59,924 28,293 25,616 48,345 690,146
Professional Services 82,272 28,184 14,329 10,841 12,158 18,737 9,259 9,056 17,139 201,975
Public Administration and Defence;
Compulsory Social Security 197,040 83,731 74,789 34,695 58,843 76,549 55,923 44,273 52,833 678,675
Education 74,004 32,184 29,961 15,543 17,942 29,518 17,626 16,824 23,282 256,884
Human Health Activities, Residential Care and
Social Work Activities 100,711 27,486 28,236 13,317 16,865 27,956 14,140 15,782 21,677 266,170
Other Personal Service Activities 413,948 139,762 140,978 48,383 61,445 138,340 75,083 56,558 100,277 1,174,775
Gross Value Added, at Basic Prices 1,147,127

4,340,612 1,094,402 455,100 625,815
1,165,844 630,473 629,877 821,007
10,910,257
Taxes Less Subsidies on Products 396,452 104,773 99,958 41,567 57,159 106,483 57,585 57,530 74,987 996,495
Gross Domestic Product (GDP),

at Current Market Prices
4,737,065
1,251,900
1,194,360 496,667 682,974
1,272,327 688,057 687,407 895,995
11,906,752
Percent of GDP Contribution 39.8 10.5 10.0 4.2 5.7 10.7 5.8 5.8 7.5 100.0
Per capita GDP by Current Market Prices (Rs.)(c) 785,844 465,390 462,214 448,660 415,182 513,656 517,336 515,684 445,990 561,560
(b) Provisional
(c) Estimates as per the latest population figures.
41
AGRICULTURE
Table 5.1
Tea 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Area, '000 Hectares(b) 222 222 222 222 222 222 222 203 202 203
Replanted Area, Hectares(b) 1,452 1,418 1,683 1,851 1,832 1,748 1,293 1,226 1,060 1,067

Fertiliser Issues (wholesale),
MT ’000 132 188 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 103 140 74 n.a.
Factories, No.(c) 864 876 702 695 700 716 713 711 712 734
High Grown 202 205 172 169 167 166 n.a. 165 165 169
Medium Grown 193 183 117 114 108 119 n.a. 121 121 139
Low Grown 469 488 413 412 425 431 n.a. 425 426 426
Production, Mn. kgs. 318.7 291.0 331.4 327.5 328.4 340.0 338.0 328.8 292.6 307.7
High Grown 84.4 73.0 79.1 78.2 73.6 79.2 78.9 76.9 64.4 64.6
Medium Grown 49.0 45.0 56.1 52.6 52.6 52.6 49.2 49.7 44.5 45.7
Low Grown 185.3 173.0 196.2 196.7 202.1 208.2 210.0 202.4 183.6 197.4
Cost of Production, Rs./kg. 262.60 269.01 314.17 355.02 390.89 422.70 475.11 458.84 469.24 466.98
Colombo Auction Price, Rs./kg. 301.63 360.85 371.54 360.68 392.40 445.83 459.01 401.46 473.15 620.44
High Grown 269.01 325.39 340.68 333.82 378.91 405.66 416.97 387.21 455.37 611.59
Medium Grown 260.68 317.75 331.68 321.24 351.43 399.06 405.33 359.60 424.71 563.35
Low Grown 325.64 384.99 393.48 381.17 407.47 470.88 485.47 416.47 489.50 637.51

Quantity Sold at Colombo
Auctions, Mn. kgs. 266.7 270.8 317.4 290.2 313.0 323.5 326.1 313.9 274.6 291.6
High Grown 61.8 57.5 71.1 66.1 66.2 69.4 68.8 67.4 54.7 55.7
Medium Grown 42.7 42.7 51.2 46.2 47.2 48.7 47.9 46.4 40.9 44.2
Low Grown 162.0 170.6 195.1 177.9 198.9 205.4 209.3 200.1 179.0 191.7

Exports
Value, Rs. Mn. 137,606 136,194 162,793 164,869 180,429 199,446 212,588 182,054 184,778 233,338
Quantity, Mn. kgs. 319.6 289.7 328.0 323.0 319.9 319.7 327.3 307.0 288.8 289.0
F.O.B. Price, Rs./kg. 430.55 470.11 496.27 510.41 563.94 623.91 649.44 593.08 639.88 807.44

Export Volume by Different Type, Mn. kgs.(d)
Bulk Tea 209.6 186.9 144.0 134.1 132.7 130.8 128.3 133.9 126.3 126.7
Packeted Tea 86.6 80.4 150.5 157.4 159.9 159.2 166.1 147.0 135.7 136.7
Tea Bags 22.1 21.0 31.8 29.6 25.8 27.7 30.7 24.0 24.8 23.5
Other 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.9 1.6 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.1
Total 319.6 289.7 328.0 323.0 319.9 319.7 327.3 307.0 288.8 289.0

Export Value by Different Type, Rs. Mn.(d)
Bulk Tea 83,728 80,975 65,852 59,463 65,847 73,047 74,214 69,078 69,657 93,021
Packeted Tea 36,326 37,365 70,286 75,833 84,215 92,461 100,866 82,230 81,260 104,590
Tea Bags 16,317 16,728 25,225 27,895 28,994 31,934 35,082 28,567 31,416 33,073
Other 1,235 1,125 1,431 1,678 1,373 2,003 2,426 2,179 2,445 2,655
Total 137,606 136,194 162,793 164,869 180,429 199,446 212,588 182,054 184,778 233,338

Value added, % of GDP
(Growing & Processing) 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9
Domestic Consumption, Mn. kgs.(e) 27.5 27.3 27.6 27.9 27.6 27.8 28.0 28.3 28.8 28.9
(a) Provisional Sources : Sri Lanka Tea Board

(b) Extents was revised based on the census conducted by the DCS in 2005, in collaboration with Tea Small The Colombo Tea Brokers’ Association
Holdings Development Authority. Sri Lanka Customs
(c) Registered in the Tea Commissioners’ Division. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(d) Classification of value added tea is on the basis of Sri Lanka Tea Board classification applied in 2011 and
adjusted backwards. The same approach is applied to the bulk tea classification.
Bags: less than 4g, Packets : 4g–10kg, Bulk: more than 10kg.
(e) Estimated Domestic Consumption calculated based on the Household Income and Expenditure Surveys
conducted by Department of Census and Statistics.
42
AGRICULTURE
Table 5.2
Rubber 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Area, Hectares ’000

Under Cultivation 122 124 126 129 131 134 134 137 133 137
Under Tapping 94 95 98 101 104 105 111 108 99, 103
Area Replanted, Hectares(b) 6,105 1,002 5,941 3,050 2,161 2,024 2,096 1,917 1,467 1,841
Area Newly Planted, Hectares(b) 2,436 715 1,413 3,004 2,476 2,979 1,428 769 615 701
Subsidies for Replanting, Rs. ’000 per ha.

125.0 125.0 125.0 175.0 175.0 175.0 175.0 175.0 175.0 175.0
Fertilizer Issues (wholesale), MT 10,488 8,277 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 4,465 5,835 5,483 n.a.
Average Yield per Hectare, kgs. 1,382 1,437 1,561 1,566 1,459 1,247 889 819 800 809
Cost of Production, Rs. / kg. 114.00 115.50 119.83 129.56 136.00 150.00 160.00 170.00 180.00 195.00
Total Production, Mn. kgs. 129.2 136.9 153.0 158.2 152.0 130.4 98.6 88.6 79.1 83.1
Smoked Sheet 55.0 54.6 59.3 60.7 59.2 62.8 48.5 44.4 39.8 41.5
Sole Crepe 3.9 5.4 6.7 3.4 1.9 2.4 2.4 1.9 1.6 1.5
Scrap Crepe 2.7 3.5 1.8 1.3 1.3 2.4 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8
Latex Crepe 21.0 31.7 52.5 59.9 36.5 15.4 11.8 8.3 12.6 9.2
Latex and Unspecified 35.6 29.9 24.3 24.9 44.4 37.9 27.2 25.5 20.5 28.9
Technically Specified Rubber 11.0 11.8 8.3 8.0 8.7 9.6 7.6 7.6 3.8 1.2
Local Consumption, Mn. kgs. 80.1 84.9 107.2 111.7 110.0 107.3 85.6 73.2 51.0 57.0
Stocks, Mn. kgs. 11.5 7.4 1.7 5.5 10.2 9.8 5.0 10.0 4.0 3.5
Exports
Value, Rs. Mn. 13,535 11,327 19,580 22,811 15,726 9,194 5,916 3,548 4,758 5,920
Volume, Mn. kgs. 48.6 56.0 51.9 42.6 37.4 23.6 16.3 10.4 16.2 17.2
F.O.B. Price, Rs. / kg. 278.39 202.30 377.54 535.40 420.74 389.81 362.83 342.03 294.33 343.56

Export Distribution (Mn. kgs.)
European Union 8.1 5.0 6.6 5.8 4.9 4.1 4.2 3.0 4.1 4.0
India 7.0 14.1 10.0 3.9 7.1 2.6 2.0 0.4 0.8 1.2
Japan 2.4 1.5 1.8 2.3 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7
Malaysia 6.5 10.9 13.7 12.6 11.6 5.0 1.1 0.4 2.6 1.6
Pakistan 10.3 9.5 7.8 7.6 5.4 4.7 2.4 1.4 3.0 3.3
USA 4.8 2.7 2.9 3.3 1.7 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.5
Other Countries 9.6 12.3 9.1 7.2 5.2 4.6 4.2 3.1 3.3 5.1
(a) Provisional Sources : Rubber Development Department

(b) Extents covered by cultivation assistance schemes of the Rubber Development Department. The Colombo Rubber Traders’ Association
n.a. – Not available Sri Lanka Customs
43
AGRICULTURE
Table 5.3
Coconut 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Coconut Production, Mn. Nuts 2,909 2,853 2,584 2,808 2,940 2,513 2,870 3,056 3,011 2,450

Manufacture of Major Coconut
Products, MT ’000
Copra 13.0 8.6 1.0 2.2 0.7 0.1 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.5
Coconut Oil 59.0 75.5 65.1 56.0 81.9 45.2 45.3 52.8 48.8 12.8
Desiccated Coconut 38.0 38.1 28.8 47.7 41.6 29.2 50.4 41.8 51.1 29.6
Poonac 30.0 37.8 11.5 26.5 40.9 22.6 22.6 26.4 24.4 6.4

Cost of Production, Rs. per Nut 12.47 9.53 11.27 10.27 11.63 13.58 13.67 16.39 16.70 16.69

Fertiliser Issues (wholesale), MT 25,136 16,853 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 24,276 28,483 25,498 n.a.

Export Volume
Three Major Coconut Products, Mn. Nuts
380 367 251 386 351 379 716 552 765 466
Copra, MT ’000 13.3 4.8 0.7 2.1 0.6 0.1 4.2 0.5 1.2 0.5
Coconut Oil, MT ’000 1.5 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.5 3.8 11.3 22.0 22.7 20.1
Desiccated Coconut, MT ’000 36.3 42.4 29.8 45.9 41.8 44.3 76.4 46.0 72.0 37.0
Coconut Non-Kernel Products, MT ’000 190.7 370.2 345.4 346.8 352.0 328.3 365.9 339.0 384.4 407.3
Fresh Coconuts, MT ’000 32.3 48.0 30.6 12.1 14.6 0.8 2.7 4.2 5.3 6.8
Fibres, MT ’000 29.5 260.0 265.7 285.7 266.0 265.4 274.7 264.0 306.8 333.1
Yarn, MT ’000 109.6 33.7 25.4 25.4 44.9 41.4 64.7 47.3 44.3 40.1
Coconut Shells and Ekels, MT ’000 19.3 28.6 23.7 23.6 26.5 20.6 23.8 23.5 28.0 27.3

Export Value, Rs. Mn.
Three Major Coconut Products 8,923 6,683 6,189 15,101 10,101 11,118 27,970 30,123 31,477 28,921
Copra 1,486 427 73 272 85 14 899 102 251 171
Coconut Oil 426 508 588 854 1,277 2,214 7,629 16,409 13,690 14,406
Desiccated Coconut 7,011 5,749 5,527 13,975 8,738 8,891 19,441 13,612 17,537 14,344
Coconut Non-Kernel Products 6,805 11,951 12,540 14,292 16,493 15,370 18,547 17,623 21,805 24,116
Fresh Coconuts 1,350 1,870 1,350 707 1,000 52 158 308 447 486
Fibres 1,327 7,562 9,253 11,355 11,984 12,397 13,614 13,561 17,463 19,993
Yarn 3,417 1,279 1,111 1,365 2,356 2,008 3,649 2,527 2,202 1,935
Coconut Shells and Ekels 712 1,240 826 864 1,152 914 1,126 1,227 1,693 1,702

F.O.B. Price, Rs. per kg.
Copra 111.61 88.98 105.20 126.79 137.12 191.32 212.99 212.65 211.93 342.28
Coconut Oil 280.18 262.25 345.97 442.26 511.04 579.38 677.92 744.80 603.63 715.78
Fresh Coconut 41.78 38.97 44.07 58.40 68.34 66.27 59.45 72.60 84.64 71.61
Fibres 45.03 29.09 34.82 39.75 45.06 46.70 49.56 51.36 56.92 60.02
Yarn 31.18 37.98 43.73 53.78 52.49 48.49 56.43 53.47 49.72 48.27
Coconut Shells and Ekels 36.83 43.38 34.86 36.64 43.50 44.30 47.20 52.18 60.41 62.27

Local Market Price, Rs. per kg.
Copra No. 1 137.10 88.22 123.71 145.07 114.29 145.30 154.29 164.14 150.46 223.81
Coconut Oil 214.24 166.98 217.52 262.08 212.42 252.32 266.85 265.52 264.89 376.60
Price of a Fresh Nut (Retail–Average), Rs. 28.88 23.02 30.48 36.41 34.56 43.16 45.58 53.01 45.82 67.40
Value Added, % of GDP(b) 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6
Domestic Consumption(c), Mn. Nuts 1,798 1,816 1,836 1,855 1,873 1,826 1,830 1,874 1,787 1,656
(a) Provisional Sources : Coconut Development Authority

(b) In growing and processing only. Department of Census and Statistics
(c) Estimated household consumption. National Fertilizer Secretariat
44
AGRICULTURE
Table 5.4
Minor Export Crops 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Cultivated Area, Hectares

Cocoa 2,513 2,253 2,279 2,300 2,336 2,365 2,375 2,517 2,240 1,987
Cinnamon 28,971 29,486 30,106 30,523 31,049 31,551 31,867 32,342 32,682 32,985
Cardamom 2,790 2,794 2,795 2,795 2,798 2,800 2,801 2,801 1,242 1,257
Clove 7,595 7,613 7,603 7,605 7,612 7,622 7,627 7,643 6,842 7,177
Pepper 30,156 30,528 30,931 31,296 31,667 31,997 32,291 32,527 39,515 42,989

Production, MT
Cocoa 1,695 467 520 525 513 515 500 457 650 471
Cinnamon 14,899 15,765 16,435 18,250 17,165 17,500 17,600 17,707 18,945 22,341
Cardamom 71 61 48 57 80 50 87 91 120 113
Clove 8,203 3,032 9,551 5,533 4,009 6,190 3,225 5,253 1,823 6,428
Pepper 12,897 15,767 17,332 10,800 18,604 28,000 18,660 28,177 18,476 29,546

Exports – Quantity, MT
Cocoa 64 292 1,644 4,343 2,524 102 334 93 43 164
Cardamoms 12 9 12 12 10 4 8 120 779 839
Pepper 6,253 6,580 12,971 5,065 10,532 21,703 8,353 17,027 8,383 13,778
Cloves 7,413 2,917 8,535 5,208 2,918 5,483 1,233 5,529 1,849 7,815
Cinnamon 12,459 12,234 13,682 13,747 14,762 14,148 13,949 13,828 14,946 16,967
Coffee 86 60 26 10 10 19 57 24 14 14
Cashew Nuts 206 195 337 311 146 51 129 113 63 60
Nutmeg and Mace 1,793 1,640 2,314 1,911 1,620 2,306 2,065 2,258 2,387 2,491
Unmanufactured Tobacco 1,278 686 695 708 861 1,142 1,162 880 897 918

Exports – Value, Rs. Mn.
Cocoa 9 18 634 2,350 1,648 34 140 33 17 77
Cardamoms 29 28 38 65 32 21 40 147 843 871
Pepper 2,853 2,398 5,121 3,543 9,192 16,693 9,447 20,215 11,147 13,462
Cloves 3,610 1,391 4,357 3,957 2,373 6,400 1,834 6,444 2,013 7,247
Cinnamon 9,368 8,794 11,057 14,244 17,397 17,992 18,255 19,099 24,973 33,342
Coffee 26 15 15 9 8 15 30 24 21 29
Cashew Nuts 153 127 253 288 170 77 186 189 112 144
Nutmeg and Mace 1,016 1,022 2,044 3,112 2,875 4,051 3,886 4,534 5,815 5,366
Unmanufactured Tobacco 4,280 3,856 3,643 4,241 5,374 6,149 5,397 4,310 4,536 5,566

Export Price (F.O.B), Rs. per kg.
Cocoa 141.76 63.11 385.58 541.22 652.70 332.18 419.92 356.94 396.28 469.56
Cardamoms 2,405.14 3,025.52 3,101.32 5,681.13 3,080.31 5,252.77 4,797.83 1,223.33 1,081.94 1,037.36
Pepper 456.31 364.44 394.76 699.38 872.79 769.16 1,130.87 1,187.25 1,329.69 974.04
Cloves 487.00 476.78 510.47 759.76 813.20 1,167.40 1,487.21 1,165.66 1,088.55 927.28
Cinnamon 751.91 718.80 808.12 1,036.18 1,178.48 1,271.68 1,308.67 1,381.18 1,670.83 1,965.15
Coffee 301.03 254.75 573.76 836.98 836.57 801.38 522.84 1,018.36 1,498.13 2,121.21
Cashew Nuts 742.94 651.06 751.30 928.03 1168.34 1,516.27 1,435.54 1,674.38 1,774.79 2,426.40
Nutmeg and Mace 566.30 623.47 883.12 1,628.56 1,774.48 1,756.77 1,882.03 2,007.70 2,436.11 2,152.44
Unmanufactured Tobacco 3,347.93 5,616.78 5,239.98 5,991.11 6,245.45 5,383.06 4,643.14 4,898.24 5,056.05 6,064.61

Sri Lanka Customs
45
AGRICULTURE
Table 5.5
Paddy 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Area Sown, Ha. ’000 1,053 978 1,065 1,223 1,067 1,227 964 1,254 1,114 792
Maha 582 632 646 730 702 780 651 773 756 543
Yala 471 345 419 493 365 448 313 481 358 249

Irrigated Area, Ha. ’000 820 730 809 940 824 958 717 984 904 792
Major 560 490 562 634 582 636 493 657 609 437
Minor 260 240 247 306 242 322 224 327 295 153

Rain–fed Area, Ha. ’000 233 248 257 278 242 269 248 269 237 202

Gross Area Harvested, Ha. ’000 1,033 943 1,060 1,103 990 1,188 881 1,211 1,123 619
Maha 568 605 643 613 685 742 580 735 743 383
Yala 465 338 416 489 305 447 301 476 380 236

Production, MT ’000 3,875 3,652 4,301 3,894 3,846 4,621 3,381 4,819 4,420 2,383
Maha 2,125 2,384 2,630 1,996 2,717 2,846 2,236 2,877 2,903 1,474
Yala 1,750 1,268 1,671 1,898 1,129 1,774 1,145 1,942 1,517 909

Yield per Hectare, kgs. 4,189 4,337 4,527 3,970 4,353 4,329 4,264 4,429 4,372 4,297
Maha 4,181 4,421 4,583 3,668 4,444 4,281 4,222 4,364 4,349 4,301
Yala 4,195 4,186 4,444 4,347 4,145 4,408 4,204 4,527 4,417 4,291

Fertilizer Issues, MT ’000 602 423 490 453 412 363 275 341 203 n.a.

Credit Granted for Paddy
Cultivation, Rs. Mn. 1,644 1,918 2,541 4,418 5,527 5,427 4,762 5,582 5,851 5,305
Maha 807 1,158 1,402 2,443 3,752 3,527 3,174 3,261 3,701 3,232
Yala 837 760 1,139 1,975 1,775 1,900 1,588 2,321 2,683 2,073

Prices, Rs. per Bushel
Guaranteed Price 605 605 605 605 605 699 699 939 793 814
Open Market Price 658 676 598 635 618 637 843 787 772 1,044

Insurance
Area Insured, Ha. ’000 29.6 29.6 26.6 36.2 49.4 30.9 25.7 30.2 46.3 30.2
Collected, Rs. Mn. 24.5 30.2 43.8 66.4 100.8 77.8 61.8 81.8 74.3 47.1
Total Indemnities Paid, Rs. Mn. 21.8 15.4 15.3 184.6 78.3 136.2 55.2 154.7 67.7 141.7

Rice Imports, MT ’000 84 52 126 28 36 23 600 286 30 748
Import Price (C.I.F), Rs. per MT 56,425 50,202 53,598 73,003 85,229 100,028 61,322 62,870 63,398 61,355

Value Added, Rs. Mn. 43,406 41,179 48,377 44,325 43,596 52,084 43,386 76,256 52,649 50,269
Percent of GDP 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.5
(a) Provisional
Sources : Department of Census and Statistics
Paddy Marketing Board
National Fertilizer Secretariat
Sri Lanka Customs
46
AGRICULTURE
Table 5.6
Subsidiary Food Crops 2008 – 2017
Crop 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Area, Hectares
Big Onions 4,090 5,081 4,158 3,452 5,387 4,223 6,827 5,618 3,984 3,026
Black Gram 8,318 7,868 9,808 8,668 10,842 11,138 11,226 12,305 11,159 8,089
Chillies 14,803 13,554 13,262 13,314 14,728 14,437 13,978 13,029 15,267 10,937
Cowpea 12,151 11,439 10,870 9,268 11,042 10,816 11,480 9,200 8,220 6,807
Gingelly 9,512 10,881 18,397 14,362 15,557 17,146 14,524 17,841 14,044 9,065
Green Gram 9,356 8,569 10,283 9,335 9,755 11,147 11,840 11,346 11,302 7,371
Ground Nuts 10,272 9,002 9,481 9,289 11,609 15,198 14,326 17,716 19,975 12,639
Kurakkan 6,079 5,902 6,565 5,250 5,195 5,953 7,416 6,950 6,151 4,205
Maize 51,608 50,857 57,618 50,545 59,529 67,722 67,219 69,971 67,630 52,544
Manioc 23,934 23,864 23,445 24,203 23,845 23,928 23,862 23,844 22,754 22,087
Meneri 52 28 30 30 34 49 54 57 32 41
Potatoes 4,869 4,139 3,844 4,479 4,648 5,138 5,365 5,496 5,754 4,457
Red Onions 4,878 4,498 5,228 6,145 6,132 4,606 4,872 4,873 4,994 4,167
Soya Beans 1,226 1,654 4,500 2,451 1,517 7,929 4,112 6,383 6,301 8,316

Production, MT
Big Onions 57,371 81,707 58,930 45,682 83,561 69,635 111,137 89,323 65,223 53,603
Black Gram 9,477 7,071 9,991 5,782 10,180 9,175 9,644 11,901 11,197 7,329
Chillies 51,003 46,414 49,003 44,398 61,541 71,175 73,679 62,866 72,311 51,827
Cowpea 11,952 13,485 11,609 10,453 14,812 14,185 15,209 12,276 13,740 8,576
Gingelly 6,337 8,525 16,947 11,293 12,435 14,236 14,297 13,285 14,913 7,754
Green Gram 8,878 9,258 11,703 10,838 11,956 14,252 14,616 15,058 14,546 9,392
Ground Nuts 10,251 13,077 14,354 16,903 21,953 27,486 25,184 28,503 24,200 22,475
Kurakkan 6,511 6,433 7,307 5,411 5,984 7,011 8,851 8,916 8,565 5,574
Maize 112,287 129,769 161,694 137,797 202,315 209,042 240,731 261,115 243,960 195,744
Manioc 240,731 277,847 282,759 292,741 291,354 302,782 310,249 324,097 324,080 306,347
Meneri 30 20 17 18 26 33 29 43 25 34
Potatoes 74,814 61,705 51,933 59,360 72,186 78,751 82,750 97,391 95,805 73,358
Red Onions 49,290 46,234 61,811 72,339 73,970 55,592 63,212 61,202 63,675 57,747
Soya Beans 3,032 3,788 7,521 3,847 1,671 13,445 10,812 11,254 7,946 14,363
(a) Provisional Source : Department of Census and Statistics
Subsidiary Food Crops
120 300
80 200
MT ’000
MT ’000
40 100
0 0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Big Onions Black gram Chillies Cowpea

Gingelly Green gram Ground nuts Kurakkan
Potatoes Red Onions Soya beans Maize (right)
47
AGRICULTURE
Table 5.7
Principal Crops by Province 2013 – 2017
Item North North Sabara- All

Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva
Western Central gamuwa Island
Tea
Estimated Production, Mn. kg.
2013 19.3 109.7 97.9 – – – – 30.4 82.8 340.0
2014 18.9 109.2 96.8 – – – – 29.0 84.1 338.0
2015 19.2 107.6 89.9 – – – – 29.1 83.0 328.8
2016 19.1 95.4 77.2 – – – – 24.5 76.3 292.6
2017(a) 21.2 93.4 84.7 – – – – 28.1 80.3 307.7
No. of Tea Factories (in operation)
2013 33 227 229 – – – – 65 142 696
2014 34 238 235 – – – – 67 140 714
2015 32 237 240 – – – – 64 141 714
2016 36 239 231 – – – – 68 138 712
2017(a) 37 245 232 – – – – 70 140 724
Rubber
Estimated Production Mn. kg.
2013 43.0 3.2 11.6 – – 2.6 – 2.5 67.4 130.2
2014 32.4 2.6 8.7 – – 2.3 – 1.9 50.7 98.6
2015 29.1 2.3 7.8 – – 2.0 – 1.7 45.6 88.6
2016(b) 25.8 1.8 6.8 – – 1.7 – 1.5 41.4 79.1
2017(a) 25.9 1.8 6.9 – – 1.7 – 1.7 45.0 83.1

Coconut
Estimated Area
(2014 Census), ’000 Ha. 72.21 18.27 32.24 10.60 7.74 244.98 14.19 12.70 30.50 443.53
Estimated Production, Mn. Nuts
2013 465 125 319 93 64 972 168 115 193 2,513
2014 477 154 332 84 104 1,180 216 143 217 2,905
2015 495 161 355 82 103 1,265 226 96 247 3,027
2016 443 178 353 82 121 1,196 255 108 273 3,011
2017(a) 326 126 312 73 98 991 234 91 200 2,450
Average Producer Price,
Rs. per 100 nuts
2013 3,060.74 3,464.15 3,105.96 3,245.39 3,511.32 2,816.10 3,208.16 3,208.09 2,988.75 3,109.29
2014 3,280.26 3,239.08 3,483.98 2,846.46 3,277.46 2,854.74 2,905.29 2,606.21 3,091.60 3,110.10
2015 3,487.84 3,752.87 3,880.64 3,309.40 3,716.82 3,161.43 3,415.72 3,485.69 3,276.01 3,467.76
2016 3,075.79 3,066.04 3,483.76 2,457.36 3,151.11 2,742.86 2,742.86 2,644.12 2,876.71 2,922.25
2017(a) 4,707.49 5,100.03 4,679.59 4,408.72 5,141.51 4,552.15 4,532.62 4,921.87 4,696.47 4,680.11

Paddy
Production, MT ’000
2013 117.5 203.8 402.2 313.6 1,039.5 688.0 1,225.7 381.2 249.3 4,620.7
2014 106.6 164.0 429.5 124.5 935.9 496.9 721.4 289.0 113.1 3,380.8
2015 127.5 201.6 507.5 403.3 1,067.2 630.0 1,376.6 379.5 126.2 4,819.4
2016 90.1 181.6 414.7 352.7 1,112.6 627.3 1,190.9 344.4 105.8 4,420.1
2017(a) 74.6 113.5 329.8 160.6 759.9 152.3 535.1 201.2 56.2 2,383.2
Net Extent Harvested, ’000 Ha.
2013 36.9 47.5 82.3 75.1 268.4 158.6 260.4 87.3 50.8 1,067.3
2014 34.8 40.7 91.0 33.2 217.7 129.6 152.2 64.8 29.0 792.9
2015 36.4 47.6 99.4 93.9 254.0 170.4 268.6 86.5 31.6 1,088.4
2016 26.3 43.5 83.1 86.0 263.5 160.8 240.1 82.4 25.3 1,011.6
2017(a) 22.5 26.4 70.5 41.4 186.1 35.9 110.0 46.2 15.7 554.6
Yield – Bushels per Acre
2013 62 83 95 81 75 84 91 85 95 84
2014 59 78 91 73 83 74 92 86 76 82
2015 68 82 99 83 81 72 99 85 77 86
2016 67 81 97 80 82 76 96 81 81 82
2017(a) 64 83 91 75 79 82 94 84 70 80
Yield – kg. per Hectare
2013 3,183 4,294 4,884 4,175 3,873 4,337 4,707 4,364 4,908 4,329
2014 3,064 4,032 4,717 3,748 4,299 3,834 4,741 4,457 3,905 4,264
2015 3,501 4,238 5,108 4,295 4,201 3,697 5,125 4,388 3,995 4,428
2016 3,433 4,176 4,988 4,099 4,222 3,902 4,961 4,178 4,179 4,238
2017(a) 3,317 4,297 4,680 3,883 4,083 4,247 4,863 4,354 3,592 4,146
(a) Provisional Sources : Sri Lanka Tea Board Coconut Research Institute
(b) Revised Rubber Development Department Department of Census and Statistics
48
AGRICULTURE
Table 5.8
Agricultural Crops – Yields, Farmgate Prices and Costs of Cultivation – 2016
Yield Farmgate Unit Cost Net Return

Irrigation District/
kg./ha Price Rs./kg. Rs./kg. Rs./ha.
Crop Type(a) Area Season
(b) (c) (b) (c)
Kurakkan RF Anuradhapura Maha 2015/16 1,211 112.00 62.72 24.19 59,667 106,315
Maize RF Anuradhapura Maha 2015/16 4,863 36.00 32.04 23.90 19,239 58,859
Maize RF Ampara Maha 2015/16 3,976 40.00 26.33 17.56 54,360 89,218
Maize RF Monaragala Maha 2015/16 3,707 45.00 21.32 23.62 50,705 79,247
Black gram RF Anuradhapura Maha 2015/16 1,045 158.00 68.34 45.92 93,720 117,150
Black gram RF Vavuniya Maha 2015/16 791 208.00 90.73 71.98 92,732 107,553
Cowpea RF Ampara Maha 2015/16 704 168.00 129.81 71.05 26,897 68,274
Green gram RF Hambantota Maha 2015/16 1,060 179.00 83.87 74.37 100,846 110,918
Green Chilli RF Anuradhapura Maha 2015/16 6,370 496.00 43.87 18.54 2,880,183 3,041,564
Red Onion IRR Jaffna Maha 2015/16 12,797 66.00 52.24 44.19 176,069 279,085
Red Onion IRR Puttlam Maha 2015/16 3,069 83.00 54.76 47.77 256,109 319,530
Red Onion IRR Trincomalee Maha 2015/16 13,675 77.00 41.48 35.73 485,754 564,297
Gingelly RF Hambantota Maha 2015/16 608 166.00 141.32 102.60 15,001 38,540
Ground nut RF Monaragala Maha 2015/16 1,339 177.00 94.00 58.77 111,155 158,344
Potato IRR Badulla Maha 2015/16 14,777 80.00 50.38 42.99 437,686 546,850
Potato IRR Nuwera Eliya Maha 2015/16 16,867 87.00 51.29 39.12 602,319 807,552
Brinjal IRR Anuradhapura Maha 2015/16 43,821 46.00 12.45 7.04 1,470,247 1,707,335
Pumpkin RF Anuradhapura Maha 2015/16 9,155 40.00 12.56 8.87 251,190 285,027
Cabbage IRR Nuwera Eliya Maha 2015/16 21,646 62.00 18.28 11.65 946,292 1,089,827
Capsicum IRR Badulla Maha 2015/16 10,939 176.00 42.68 26.74 1,458,350 1,632,827
Carrot IRR Nuwera Eliya Maha 2015/16 27,816 86.00 15.77 11.13 1,953,459 2,082,697
Pole Bean IRR Badulla Maha 2015/16 12,014 119.00 35.82 19.96 999,297 1,189,833
Pole Bean RF Matale Maha 2015/16 6,892 97.00 48.88 26.19 331,601 488,013
Tomato IRR Badulla Maha 2015/16 19,237 73.00 27.46 14.29 876,012 1,129,309

Maize IRR Badulla Yala 2016 4,645 43.00 34.11 22.25 41,288 96,386
Maize IRR System H Yala 2016 4,561 44.00 38.87 24.44 23,388 89,238
Black Gram IRR System H Yala 2016 1,223 242.00 94.46 72.02 180,460 207,915
Cowpea RF Ampara Yala 2016 363 192.00 225.97 126.40 -12,340 23,828
Big Onion IRR Matale Yala 2016 23,040 67.00 26.78 21.69 926,672 1,043,926
Green Chilli IRR Anuradhapura Yala 2016 12,901 117.00 46.05 19.53 915,320 1,257,408
Red Onion IRR Puttlam Yala 2016 11,480 78.00 42.48 37.63 407,777 463,503
Red Onion IRR Trincomalee Yala 2016 12,926 72.00 38.02 29.64 439,265 547,517
Gingelly RF Anuradhapura Yala 2016 516 137.00 87.59 58.89 25,518 40,342
Soya Bean IRR System H Yala 2016 2,152 98.00 67.14 47.22 66,423 109,292
Manioc RF Gampaha Yala 2016 17,438 43.00 8.77 8.45 596,961 602,425
Potato IRR Badulla Yala 2016 14,265 78.00 56.71 45.83 303,765 458,949
Potato IRR Nuwera Eliya Yala 2016 16,128 92.00 53.65 43.16 618,543 787,634
Sweet Potato IRR Matale Yala 2016 16,650 35.00 14.98 11.05 333,318 398,777
Bitter Gourd IRR Hambantota Yala 2016 9,439 82.00 59.69 41.41 210,603 383,178
Brinjal IRR Hambantota Yala 2016 21,826 20.00 18.98 12.33 22,348 167,395
Cabbage IRR Nuwera Eliya Yala 2016 21,016 11.00 16.47 12.41 -114,946 -29,598
Carrot IRR Nuwera Eliya Yala 2016 12,829 50.00 39.25 28.90 137,892 270,730
Pole Bean IRR Badulla Yala 2016 10,255 102.00 43.26 23.76 602,338 802,358
Tomato IRR Badulla Yala 2016 17,534 58.00 32.96 13.91 439,055 773,040
Tomato IRR Kandy Yala 2016 18,394 44.00 26.27 15.49 326,120 524,373
(a) RF = Rainfed Source : Socio Economics and Planning Centre, Department of Agriculture
IRR = Irrigated
(b) Including imputed cost of farmer owned labour.
(c) Excluding imputed cost of farmer owned labour.
49
AGRICULTURE
Table 5.9
Agricultural Crops – Yields, Farmgate Prices and Costs of Cultivation – 2017(a)
Irrigation District/ Yield Farmgate Unit Cost Net Return

Crop Type(b) Area Season kg./ha Price Rs./kg. Rs./kg. Rs./ha.
(c) (d) (c) (d)
Paddy IRR Ampara -East Maha 2016/17 5,757 42.00 19.46 16.11 129,784 149,061
Paddy IRR Ampara-West Maha 2016/17 5,604 42.35 23.37 16.78 106,371 143,325
Paddy IRR Anuradhapura Maha 2016/17 4,423 42.35 28.84 20.46 59,750 96,813
Paddy IRR Hambantota Maha 2016/17 5,189 42.00 27.84 21.19 73,460 107,988
Paddy IRR Kurunegala Maha 2016/17 4,999 45.94 26.33 17.72 98,031 141,064
Paddy IRR Mannar Maha 2016/17 5,612 45.00 21.44 17.63 132,211 153,570
Paddy IRR Polonnaruwa Maha 2016/17 5,708 45.30 22.49 16.88 130,199 162,236
Paddy IRR Mahaweli B Maha 2016/17 5,243 45.69 23.89 18.05 114,329 144,934
Paddy IRR Mahaweli C Maha 2016/17 5,234 46.20 26.00 18.89 105,696 142,954
Paddy IRR Mahaweli H Maha 2016/17 4,848 44.00 28.66 21.76 74,375 107,839
Paddy RF Gampaha Maha 2016/17 2,533 36.73 44.70 33.85 -20,180 7,288
Paddy RF Kalutara Maha 2016/17 2,854 40.00 40.19 27.66 -544 35,227
Paddy RF Kandy Maha 2016/17 2,609 42.45 53.70 28.48 -29,367 36,460
Paddy RF Batticaloa Maha 2016/17 2,041 39.48 40.08 35.25 -1,229 8,625
Paddy RF Kurunegala Maha 2016/17 1,940 44.55 58.36 41.06 -26,791 6,772
Kurakkan RF Anuradhapura Maha 2016/17 974 139.00 108.78 40.08 29,422 96,305
Maize RF Anuradhapura Maha 2016/17 3,262 42.00 36.12 22.62 19,170 63,203
Maize RF Ampara Maha 2016/17 3,716 41.00 34.85 23.80 22,844 63,925
Maize RF Monaragala Maha 2016/17 3,496 46.00 34.64 29.81 39,716 56,623
Black gram RF Anuradhapura Maha 2016/17 489 158.00 141.18 98.53 8,228 29,096
Black gram RF Vavuniya Maha 2016/17 556 165.00 113.75 102.42 28,496 34,792
Cowpea RF Ampara Maha 2016/17 729 198.00 116.12 56.36 59,687 103,251
Green gram RF Hambantota Maha 2016/17 655 179.00 153.01 131.35 17,020 31,204
Green Chilli RF Anuradhapura Maha 2016/17 4,628 101.00 75.74 32.29 116,930 317,998
Red Onion IRR Jaffna Maha 2016/17 10,074 90.00 73.85 66.01 162,743 241,642
Red Onion IRR Puttlam Maha 2016/17 9,338 82.00 51.58 44.68 284,049 348,460
Gingelly RF Hambantota Maha 2016/17 497 259.00 174.63 115.03 41,906 71,506
Ground nut RF Monaragala Maha 2016/17 806 180.00 176.42 100.48 2,884 64,053
Potato IRR Badulla Maha 2016/17 17,287 82.00 52.03 41.59 518,104 698,492
Potato IRR Nuwera Eliya Maha 2016/17 17,952 109.00 58.54 53.55 905,814 995,497
Brinjal IRR Anuradhapura Maha 2016/17 25,268 43.00 17.62 13.84 641,192 736,805
Pumpkin RF Anuradhapura Maha 2016/17 3,173 32.00 52.77 37.11 -65,889 -16,222
Cabbage IRR Nuwera Eliya Maha 2016/17 22,036 55.00 19.29 15.54 786,902 869,622
Capsicum IRR Badulla Maha 2016/17 8,779 186.00 70.05 46.56 1,017,956 1,224,212
Carrot IRR Nuwera Eliya Maha 2016/17 14,144 89.00 36.96 29.25 736,084 845,168
Pole Bean IRR Badulla Maha 2016/17 9,746 82.00 51.34 34.12 298,791 466,579
Pole Bean RF Matale Maha 2016/17 3,926 89.00 122.74 66.65 -132,495 87,738
Tomato IRR Badulla Maha 2016/17 23,719 51.00 27.20 14.75 564,530 859,920
(a) Provisional Source : Socio Economics and Planning Centre, Department of Agriculture
(b) RF = Rainfed
IRR = Irrigated
(c) Including imputed cost of farmer owned labour.
(d) Excluding imputed cost of farmer owned labour.
50
AGRICULTURE
Table 5.10
Fish and Livestock 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Fish Production, MT 319,120 339,730 384,670 444,830 486,170 512,840 535,050 520,190 530,920 531,310
Coastal 165,320 180,410 202,420 222,350 257,540 267,980 278,850 269,020 274,160 259,720
Deep Sea and Off-shore 109,310 112,760 129,840 162,920 159,680 177,950 180,450 183,870 182,830 189,720
Inland 44,490 46,560 52,410 59,560 68,950 66,910 75,750 67,300 73,930 81,870

Import of Fish Products
Quantity, MT (’000) – Dried Fish 48 49 49 50 41 39 36 35 37 35
– Other 29 27 34 33 31 40 43 85 78 71
Value, Rs. Mn. – Dried Fish 6,275 7,869 7,607 8,404 8,935 11,251 8,918 11,103 14,356 14,465
– Other 6,348 6,101 7,070 8,066 8,548 9,939 9,895 19,095 20,184 18,697
Cattle
Population, ’000 1,196 1,137 1,170 1,192 1,236 1,169 1,106 1,088 945 1,001
Slaughtered, ’000 (b) 164 168 204 162 174 170 151 167 168 156
Production of Milk, Litres Mn. 172 184 192 203 238 265 273 305 318 328

Buffaloes
Population, ’000 319 372 423 405 415 381 321 323 267 284
Production of Milk, Litres Mn. 36 49 56 55 62 64 61 69 66 69

Sheep and Goats
Population, ’000 387 385 381 384 393 341 307 317 275 297
Sheep 10 8 8 8 9 10 8 8 8 10
Goats 377 377 373 375 384 331 299 309 267 287
Slaughtered, ’000 (b) 58 63 68 63 73 65 56 51 52 43

Pigs
Population, ’000 89 81 84 82 89 81 108 70 81 95
Slaughtered, ’000 (b) 21 22 20 25 30 30 24 23 21 18

Poultry
Population, ’000 14,350 13,631 14,032 14,211 14,051 16,660 16,642 16,756 21,068 21,287
Duck 18 15 13 12 13 13 12 12 12 11
Chicken 14,331 13,615 14,018 14,199 14,039 16,647 16,630 16,744 21,056 21,276
Production of Eggs, ’000 1,039,813 1,142,239 1,139,940 1,185,318 1,457,101 1,636,844 1,741,366 1,898,856 2,059,653 2,072,870

(b) Only the number of animals slaughtered at licensed Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Development
slaughter houses are included here. Sri Lanka Customs
Fish Production
300,000 600,000
200,000 400,000
MT
MT
100,000 200,000
0 0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Off shore Coastal Inland Total Fish Production (right)

51
AGRICULTURE
Table 5.11
National Livestock Statistics by District 2016
Goat and
Cattle Buffaloes Poultry Pigs
Sheep
District Number Cows Ave. Number Cows Ave. Number Ave. Number Number Number of
of Milking Daily Milk of Milking Daily Milk of Monthly Egg of of Goats
Cattle at Production, Buffaloes at Production, Chickens Production, Ducks Swine and
Present Ltrs. Present Ltrs. '000 Sheep
Colombo 7,200 2,460 8,480 5,040 1,590 5,390 1,173,750 9,210 665 6,460 2,260
Gampaha 27,020 7,650 23,600 6,040 1,150 3,620 1,931,520 4,927 1,195 26,410 8,340
Kalutara 13,940 4,030 10,280 10,310 3,090 8,990 830,020 9,274 335 5,110 6,250
Kandy 20,810 8,850 49,980 3,130 110 400 881,800 4,197 750 1,710 13,770
Matale 17,950 6,070 29,270 3,920 200 610 530,250 2,805 210 3,850 5,500
Nuwara Eliya 34,850 14,490 118,110 2,690 100 190 302,010 6,176 370 510 9,820
Galle 10,330 3,420 9,200 8,110 2,920 8,900 203,810 2,253 270 960 3,510
Matara 7,840 2,240 5,180 4,920 1,590 3,800 103,530 1,145 130 270 2,030
Hambantota 27,520 10,310 23,200 38,150 13,600 22,770 118,970 1,508 190 430 1,510
Jaffna 48,400 15,390 34,330 280 20 60 351,270 3,210 590 20 47,980
Kilinochchi 31,420 9,600 13,320 780 240 290 148,250 1,102 305 200 7,560
Mannar 48,610 11,870 19,820 1,610 470 1,340 111,790 1,222 665 70 10,540
Vavuniya 48,700 13,870 25,720 2,170 540 1,030 148,900 1,221 565 230 11,810
Mullaitivu 35,580 11,230 16,900 6,640 2,140 3,680 107,320 913 70 90 5,200
Batticaloa 74,030 23,670 31,950 22,560 7,420 10,760 192,200 1,322 1,230 210 21,820
Ampara 85,650 20,530 36,190 20,300 7,040 16,390 289,850 2,010 750 230 11,190
Trincomalee 42,540 12,830 23,430 29,600 11,160 23,300 177,840 1,936 880 280 16,930
Kurunegala 102,820 32,140 137,180 14,590 2,970 9,090 9,172,780 91,399 605 11,410 25,730
Puttalam 45,830 10,910 36,110 6,100 1,560 6,810 2,290,890 18,937 810 14,760 21,670
Anuradhapura 81,910 25,880 83,420 24,040 7,770 18,980 491,630 1,417 690 2,200 14,470
Polonnaruwa 32,810 11,370 35,830 14,810 4,940 10,930 355,530 1,647 150 1,620 4,630
Badulla 40,910 11,510 72,720 1,950 320 580 181,980 1,447 170 200 9,480
Moneragala 39,430 8,760 20,980 29,170 10,030 21,360 199,250 693 100 2,700 2,540
Ratnapura 11,130 3,010 10,080 7,430 2,090 4,200 300,700 696 130 820 5,130
Kegalle 7,920 2,310 7,720 2,410 90 220 460,180 971 145 670 5,380
Total
945,150 284,400 883,000 266,750 83,150 183,690 21,056,020 171,638 11,970 81,420 275,050
Source : Department of Census and Statistics
Table 5.12
National Livestock Statistics by District 2017(a)
Goat and
Cattle Buffaloes Poultry Pigs
Sheep
District Number Cows Ave. Number Cows Ave. Number Ave. Number Number Number of
of Milking Daily Milk of Milking Daily Milk of Monthly Egg of of Goats
Cattle at Production, Buffaloes at Production, Chickens Production, Ducks Swine and
Present Ltrs. Present Ltrs. '000 Sheep
Colombo 7,930 2,360 8,260 4,760 1,500 4,980 841,090 8,356 335 13,450 2,050
Gampaha 26,110 7,470 22,950 5,460 1,210 3,520 1,813,630 5,219 1,040 27,170 7,940
Kalutara 13,730 3,930 9,240 10,930 3,320 8,350 1,181,420 8,323 310 5,230 5,610
Kandy 22,410 8,790 53,110 3,790 60 200 900,000 4,874 490 2,040 14,760
Matale 19,130 6,660 35,960 3,680 280 900 653,070 5,224 250 3,500 5,479
Nuwara Eliya 40,220 15,200 156,560 2,710 120 150 330,430 5,276 345 450 10,230
Galle 10,710 3,430 8,990 7,540 2,590 7,650 175,010 2,254 215 870 3,200
Matara 8,850 2,520 5,390 5,620 1,830 4,150 95,440 1,139 115 170 2,140
Hambantota 31,700 11,740 25,590 41,100 13,850 27,700 106,510 1,290 175 720 2,450
Jaffna 57,320 16,130 32,640 0 0 0 374,950 3,707 340 0 48,610
Kilinochchi 35,090 10,100 13,670 950 230 320 158,650 1,785 350 200 8,360
Mannar 49,160 12,270 20,180 1,530 450 1,440 110,840 1,231 1,150 150 10,460
Vavuniya 53,420 16,210 29,790 2,150 580 1,040 141,760 1,343 505 510 13,610
Mullaitivu 37,380 11,450 15,710 7,470 2,330 3,960 107,280 976 110 90 5,740
Batticaloa 78,000 24,550 29,460 23,170 7,860 12,970 185,600 1,294 670 0 25,910
Ampara 78,120 19,900 32,840 20,230 6,190 13,620 333,930 2,118 770 170 14,020
Trincomalee 48,570 15,460 25,090 32,600 13,140 26,080 179,200 2,307 1,170 460 20,690
Kurunegala 102,680 31,160 130,030 17,830 3,250 11,620 8,580,520 87,870 680 11,260 24,340
Puttalam 56,650 12,120 38,960 7,400 1,700 5,950 2,924,850 19,785 610 19,990 28,190
Anuradhapura 85,250 26,170 74,700 26,990 8,510 20,680 589,330 1,815 410 2,550 15,170
Polonnaruwa 44,050 12,990 43,150 17,150 5,090 11,710 389,480 2,408 190 2,190 8,170
Badulla 36,120 11,110 58,500 2,270 470 890 182,710 1,382 165 220 7,570
Moneragala 35,720 8,040 17,470 26,290 8,880 17,220 180,300 698 140 2,520 2,130
Ratnapura 14,550 4,110 12,470 9,750 2,960 5,180 319,270 1,013 100 610 5,610
Kegalle 8,010 2,380 9,310 2,180 90 250 420,550 1,051 145 600 5,140
Total
1,000,880 296,250 910,020 283,550 86,490 190,530
21,275,820 172,739 10,780 95,120 297,579

52
AGRICULTURE
Table 5.13
Livestock and Poultry – Average Producer Prices 2016
Livestock Livestock – Full Grown
Cow Buffalo Eggs Neat Cattle

Province District
Milk Milk each Buffaloes Goats Pigs Poultry
1 Ltr. 1 Ltr. (average) High Bred Other
Colombo 62.15 64.99 14.35 83,312.50 90,729.17 55,625.00 22,444.44 29,968.75 334.25
Western Gampaha 59.39 62.50 14.95 49,947.64 60,913.75 39,629.21 16,272.91 19,785.60 441.62
Kalutara 64.38 71.47 13.84 70,500.00 69,250.00 57,925.00 24,583.33 19,000.00 343.83
Kandy 60.55 n.a. 14.83 50,500.00 58,513.72 16,391.65 10,962.48 n.a. 367.68
Central Matale 62.38 95.67 14.71 43,453.12 65,853.71 30,824.98 18,631.95 18,666.67 362.06
Nuwara Eliya 66.47 n.a. 14.20 n.a. 52,125.00 37,194.44 18,305.51 18,000.00 332.92
Galle 60.77 70.07 14.68 60,495.59 52,294.09 39,691.35 23,722.22 n.a. 696.48
Southern Matara 68.30 74.86 14.96 40,599.84 67,333.00 21,710.41 10,444.33 n.a. 498.01
Hambantota 64.75 76.28 14.89 28,198.11 n.a. 18,854.17 7,720.83 10,000.00 342.01
Jaffna 66.80 60.00 15.14 n.a. 83,788.89 20,479.17 14,299.96 n.a. 555.93
Kilinochchi 62.29 60.00 15.55 95,666.67 92,083.58 37,972.33 23,694.33 n.a. 591.67
Northern Mannar 72.88 80.97 15.87 34,375.00 56,875.00 35,916.67 12,064.58 n.a. 470.00
Vavuniya 57.43 66.73 13.98 52,243.06 29,666.67 20,844.75 13,686.42 40,555.56 713.54
Mullaitivu 69.21 80.00 15.54 n.a. n.a. 18,336.11 10,854.17 n.a. 656.13
Batticaloa 68.35 78.31 16.57 51,419.31 46,027.81 33,682.31 11,906.25 n.a. 595.82
Eastern Trincomalee 67.48 74.02 15.09 41,213.61 72,500.00 33,633.16 12,580.95 9,416.67 529.31
Ampara 68.47 79.20 15.21 61,895.13 51,636.01 37,900.30 17,522.10 n.a. 473.99
North Kurunegala 64.22 70.33 13.76 48,313.51 67,958.13 39,251.56 17,392.51 30,225.74 340.81
Western Puttalam 64.88 75.29 13.89 63,175.60 63,270.83 33,990.00 10,669.40 14,855.18 353.42
North Anuradhapura 64.15 68.25 68.79 41,316.78 53,567.94 28,965.48 12,409.56 15,635.37 335.93
Central Polonnaruwa 63.63 69.32 14.72 55,919.63 64,525.78 44,375.46 14,042.41 27,552.08 354.50
Uva Badulla 58.73 80.00 15.26 31,000.00 38,345.78 23,966.65 16,742.78 n.a. 411.03
Moneragala 62.42 71.62 14.93 n.a. n.a. 29,791.67 20,487.50 n.a. 337.92
Sabara- Ratnapura 62.83 73.58 14.14 30,000.00 n.a. 23,687.50 15,333.33 n.a. 344.58
gamuwa Kegalle 57.79 n.a. 15.01 n.a. n.a. n.a. 12,068.75 n.a. 394.42
Average Price 64.03 72.88 16.99 51,677.26 61,862.94 32,526.64 15,553.72 21,138.47 447.11
n.a. – Not available Source : Department of Census and Statistics
Table 5.14
Livestock and Poultry – Average Producer Prices 2017(a)
Livestock Livestock – Full Grown
Cow Buffalo Eggs Neat Cattle

Province District
Milk Milk each Buffaloes Goats Pigs Poultry
1 Ltr. 1 Ltr. (average) High Bred Other
Colombo 70.29 74.79 11.95 90,000.00 100,000.00 40,000.00 n.a. 21,815.63 312.63
Western Gampaha 61.56 66.87 11.52 54,601.61 60,723.69 42,939.05 19,376.71 23,075.79 403.38
Kalutara 67.07 84.85 11.86 79,014.13 82,583.58 31,951.34 23,758.62 21,768.93 392.64
Kandy 65.93 n.a. 12.90 59,677.08 65,896.55 31,891.67 13,681.44 n.a. 380.57
Central Matale 63.07 73.96 13.10 43,168.05 70,962.49 36,263.87 21,961.78 19,027.69 365.92
Nuwara Eliya 65.94 n.a. 12.19 n.a. n.a. 45,479.17 25,818.05 n.a. 379.19
Galle 67.16 82.94 12.36 66,880.32 50,968.96 40,046.47 21,916.67 n.a. 714.56
Southern Matara 69.17 70.59 12.72 43,518.52 45,000.00 25,075.66 9,000.00 n.a. 512.78
Hambantota 69.74 80.50 12.21 32,105.41 40,000.00 22,470.56 17,833.33 n.a. 422.05
Jaffna 69.26 69.50 13.30 n.a. 79,127.08 15,986.03 17,057.56 n.a. 609.77
Kilinochchi 65.33 n.a. 14.58 150,000.00 89,027.79 34,645.83 30,097.25 n.a. 703.25
Northern Mannar 66.00 80.00 14.70 38,250.00 78,472.22 37,791.67 11,243.75 n.a. 464.58
Vavuniya 61.83 68.93 12.19 53,749.83 n.a. 35,749.98 18,516.63 n.a. 719.71
Mullaitivu 69.61 79.83 14.57 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Batticaloa 73.91 84.51 14.53 n.a. 59,044.42 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Eastern Trincomalee 70.76 75.52 13.50 49,380.71 51,966.67 40,083.31 13,520.79 10,937.50 803.54
Ampara 74.17 90.22 13.39 77,263.25 59,953.58 34,833.33 19,879.34 n.a. 590.83
North Kurunegala 66.42 75.61 12.21 50,466.26 77,261.72 39,264.25 16,868.70 25,888.96 350.37
Western Puttalam 69.50 78.01 11.82 64,083.33 73,656.25 34,361.99 13,775.58 16,098.86 392.22
North Anuradhapura 65.89 69.48 13.37 44,521.69 55,638.29 29,376.96 12,452.35 16,097.95 457.76
Central Polonnaruwa 72.29 77.81 12.03 64,451.39 76,752.67 46,393.80 17,199.97 32,102.08 349.91
Uva Badulla 59.90 65.00 13.27 n.a. 39,502.19 28,491.12 14,068.40 n.a. 419.40
Moneragala 67.75 80.02 13.03 n.a. n.a. 37,500.00 21,687.50 n.a. 343.80
Sabara- Ratnapura 65.05 79.18 13.04 29,500.00 45,000.00 27,500.00 14,625.00 n.a. 362.50
gamuwa Kegalle 61.30 n.a. 12.99 n.a. 62,500.00 n.a. 13,902.08 10,167.00 404.30
Average Price 67.29 77.48 12.77 56,901.29 66,151.31 34,579.34 17,833.78 20,338.47 487.82
(a) Provisional n.a. – Not available Source : Department of Census and Statistics
53
AGRICULTURE
Table 5.15
Fish Production 2013 – 2017
Metric Tons
Year Category North North Sabara-

Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Total
Western Central gamuwa
2013 Marine Fish 94,030 – 140,620 55,640 84,570 71,070 – – – 445,930

Inland Fish 1,369 3,043 8,137 3,539 11,225 13,160 17,160 7,506 1,771 66,910
Total 95,399 3,043 148,757 59,179 95,795 84,230 17,160 7,506 1,771 512,840
2014 Marine Fish 85,320 – 152,790 72,730 75,720 72,740 – – – 459,300

Inland Fish 1,244 2,029 7,090 3,583 12,199 10,719 23,883 11,009 3,994 75,750
Total 86,564 2,029 159,880 76,313 87,919 83,459 23,883 11,009 3,994 535,050
2015 Marine Fish 75,380 – 156,530 72,560 70,800 77,620 – – – 452,890

Inland Fish 1,315 1,699 4,926 3,736 11,764 13,240 19,100 8,643 2,877 67,300
Total 76,695 1,699 161,456 76,296 82,564 90,860 19,100 8,643 2,877 520,190
2016 Marine Fish 83,550 – 149,950 75,470 72,460 75,560 – – – 456,990

Inland Fish 1,850 2,150 5,545 6,405 17,950 16,385 16,515 4,665 2,465 73,930
Total 85,400 2,150 155,495 81,875 90,410 91,945 16,515 4,665 2,465 530,920
2017(a) Marine Fish 78,095 – 144,600 83,155 77,790 65,800 – – – 449,440

Inland Fish 1,665 2,970 10,640 7,170 19,525 9,595 24,070 3,995 2,240 81,870
Total 79,760 2,970 155,240 90,325 97,315 75,395 24,070 3,995 2,240 531,310
(a) Provisional Source : Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Table 5.16
Operating Fishing Craft by Province and Type 2013 – 2017
Numbers
North North Sabara-
Type / Year Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Total
In board Engine – Multi Day

2013 1,151 – 1,975 84 681 220 – – – 4,111
2014 1,211 – 2,154 266 574 242 – – – 4,447
2015 1,088 – 2,229 62 626 213 – – – 4,218
2016(a) 819 – 2,210 101 647 219 – – – 3,996
2017(b) 1,166 – 2,098 126 617 189 – – – 4,196
In board Engine – Single Day
2013 127 – 158 118 352 47 – – – 802
2014 155 – 200 176 345 – – – – 876
2015 120 – 168 151 277 3 – – – 719
2016 75 – 148 309 254 – – – – 786
2017(b) 53 – 128 559 128 – – – – 868
Out board Engine – Fibre Glass
2013 2,764 – 2,394 5,596 7,425 4,955 – – – 23,134
2014 3,034 – 2,654 9,844 3,411 5,039 – – – 23,982
2015 4,142 – 2,695 6,831 4,608 5,752 – – – 24,028
2016 3,985 – 2,472 7,291 4,866 5,668 – – – 24,282
2017(b) 2,328 – 2,058 8,159 4,752 5,097 – – – 22,394
Traditional Mechanized
2013 283 – 542 777 666 246 – – – 2,514
2014 299 – 585 1,062 512 262 – – – 2,720
2015 12 – 696 769 233 162 – – – 1,872
2016 6 – 632 797 232 172 – – – 1,839
2017(b) 7 – 600 1,155 207 216 – – – 2,185
Traditional Non-Mechanized
2013 2,657 467 3,352 4,467 11,068 4,619 2,151 741 161 29,703
2014 2,755 505 3,257 7,723 8,529 4,629 2,151 805 145 30,499
2015 2,453 505 3,713 4,773 9,358 4,253 2,226 853 145 28,279
2016 2,167 578 2,994 5,814 10,330 4,255 2,334 784 171 29,427
2017(b) 1,977 590 2,616 5,045 9,507 3,877 2,405 795 180 26,992
Total Craft
2013 6,928 467 8,421 11,042 20,212 10,087 2,151 741 161 60,264
2014 7,454 505 8,850 19,071 13,371 10,172 2,151 805 145 62,524
2015 7,815 505 9,501 12,586 15,102 10,383 2,226 853 145 59,116
2016 7,052 578 8,456 14,312 16,329 10,314 2,334 784 171 60,330
2017(b) 5,531 590 7,500 15,044 15,211 9,379 2,405 795 180 56,635
Note : Fresh Water Crafts included to Crefts list in 2013 Source : Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
(a) Revised
(b) Provisional
54
AGRICULTURE
Table 5.17
Cultivation Loans – Refinance Credit Schemes(a)
(Position as at End of December)
Loans Granted (Rs.Mn.) Recoveries (Rs.Mn.) Per cent of Recoveries

Cultivation
Year Other All Other All Other All
Paddy Paddy Paddy
Crops Crops Crops Crops Crops Crops
1989 / 90 372 181 553 328 156 484 88.2 86.4 87.6
1990 / 91 588 234 822 503 190 694 86.0 81.0 84.0
1991 / 92 595 235 830 465 161 626 78.2 68.5 75.4
1992 / 93 569 255 824 461 188 649 81.0 73.7 78.8
1993 / 94 624 293 917 418 189 607 67.0 64.5 66.2
1994 / 95 723 257 980 597 176 773 82.6 68.5 78.9
1995 / 96 476 192 668 318 153 471 66.8 79.7 70.5
1996 / 97 412 178 590 325 151 476 78.9 84.8 80.7
1997 / 98 327 152 479 244 67 311 74.6 44.1 64.9
1998 / 99 312 151 463 235 71 306 75.3 47.0 66.1
1999 / 2000 557 204 761 492 181 673 88.3 88.7 88.4
2000 / 01 517 244 761 484 201 685 93.6 82.4 92.4
2001 / 02 591 233 824 570 215 785 96.4 92.3 95.3
2002 / 03 893 270 1,163 832 232 1,064 93.2 85.9 91.5
2003 / 04 982 475 1,457 853 424 1,277 86.9 89.3 87.6
2004 Yala 308 253 561 281 220 501 91.2 87.0 89.3
2004 / 2005 Maha 691 325 1,016 592 285 877 85.7 87.7 86.3
2005 Yala 467 303 770 421 265 686 90.2 87.5 89.1
2005 / 2006 Maha 552 387 939 503 347 850 91.1 89.7 90.5
2006 Yala 432 358 790 397 314 711 91.9 87.7 90.0
2006 / 2007 Maha 559 520 1,079 525 460 985 93.9 88.5 91.3
2007 Yala 598 472 1,070 543 421 964 90.8 89.2 90.1
2007 / 2008 Maha 807 977 1,784 782 886 1,668 96.9 90.7 93.5
2008 Yala 837 638 1,475 812 533 1,345 97.0 83.5 91.2
2008 / 2009 Maha 1,158 970 2,128 1,096 787 1,883 94.7 81.1 88.5
2009 Yala 760 599 1,359 710 549 1,259 93.4 91.7 92.6
2009 / 2010 Maha 1,402 857 2,259 1,280 734 2,014 91.3 85.7 89.2
2010 Yala 1,139 686 1,825 832 343 1,175 73.0 50.0 64.4
2010 / 2011 Maha 2,443 1,503 3,946 2,396 977 3,373 98.1 65.0 85.5
2011 Yala 1,975 1,250 3,224 1,796 1,102 2,897 90.9 88.1 89.9
2011 / 2012 Maha 3,752 2,534 6,286 3,046 2,168 5,214 81.2 85.6 82.9
2012 Yala 1,775 2,009 3,783 1,521 1,657 3,177 85.7 82.5 84.0
2012 / 2013 Maha 3,527 3,117 6,644 2,625 2,209 4,833 74.4 70.9 72.8
2013 Yala 1,900 1,328 3,228 1,830 1,202 3,031 96.3 90.5 93.9
2013 / 2014 Maha 3,174 1,978 5,152 2,698 1,780 4,477 85.0 90.0 86.9
2014 Yala 1,588 1,307 2,894 1,493 1,114 2,607 94.0 85.3 90.1
2014 / 2015 Maha 3,261 3,390 6,650 2,872 2,416 5,287 88.1 71.3 79.5
2015 Yala 2,321 2,839 5,160 1,918 1,505 3,423 82.6 53.0 66.3
2015/ 2016 Maha(b) 3,701 3,637 7,337 3,228 1,816 5,044 87.2 49.9 68.7
2016 Yala(b) 2,683 3,533 6,216 2,125 1,186 3,311 79.2 33.6 53.3
2016/ 2017 Maha(c) 3,232 3,041 6,273 2,922 1,665 4,587 90.4 54.7 73.1
2017 Yala(c) 2,073 2,351 4,424 1,608 934 2,542 77.6 39.7 57.5
(a) Credit Schemes: From 1973 to Yala 1986 Comprehensive Rural Credit Scheme. Sources : Bank of Ceylon
Since Yala 1986 New Comprehensive Rural Credit Scheme. Commercial Bank
(b) Revised DFCC Bank
(c) Provisional data – Recovery is in progress. Hatton National Bank
Lankaputhra Development Bank
National Development Bank
People’s Bank
Regional Development Bank
Sampath Bank
SANASA Development Bank
Seylan Bank
Union Bank
55
AGRICULTURE
Table 5.18
Plantation Sector – Manpower, Extent, Production and Yield 2009 – 2017
Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Manpower
JEDB(b) Staff Grades 375 375 370 389 379 355 315 283 298
Labour Grades 5,693 5,810 5,807 5,482 5,285 5,429 4,911 4,827 4,414
SLSPC(b) Staff Grades 317 256 272 320 265 255 203 187 192
Labour Grades 5,424 4,812 4,567 4,274 4,220 3,932 3,932 3,578 3,247
Plantation Staff Grades 12,162 12,446 11,442 11,621 11,207 11,163 10,675 10,302 9,836
Companies(c) Labour Grades 200,439 202,204 196,861 183,656 175,660 171,510 163,777 153,152 144,455
Total Staff Grades 12,854 13,077 12,084 12,330 11,851 11,773 11,193 10,772 10,326
Labour Grades 211,556 212,826 207,235 193,412 185,165 180,871 172,620 161,557 152,116
% of Labour 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94

Extent and Average Manpower
Total Land Extent (ha.) JEDB(b) 11,792 11,757 6,181 4,524 4,646 6,439 12,900 12,689 12,332
Managed by SLSPC(b) 9,690 9,846 6,168 4,043 6,101 5,831 9,673 9,966 9,969
Plantation Companies(c) 230,655 230,704 172,288 166,548 170,541 171,302 171,061 167,779 166,524
Average Extent (ha.) JEDB(b) 694 692 364 266 258 358 645 634 685
per Estate SLSPC(b) 808 821 514 337 469 449 744 767 712
Plantation Companies(c) 577 577 429 418 431 428 429 420 417
Average Manpower JEDB(b) 357 364 363 345 315 321 261 255 262
per Estate SLSPC(b) 478 423 403 383 345 322 302 275 232

Total Extent Bearing (ha.)
Tea JEDB(b) 4,146 3,949 3,936 3,927 3,781 4,025 3,870 3,808 2,936
SLSPC(b) 3,523 3,495 3,928 3,954 2,900 2,841 2,893 2,668 2,623
Rubber JEDB(b) 396 362 363 363 367 408 523 522 504
SLSPC(b) 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
Coconut JEDB(b) – – – – 42 42 34 34 34
SLSPC(b) – 2 2 – – – – – –

Production (’000 mt)
Made Tea JEDB(b) 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.3 1.4

4.3 4.3 5.9

Production by SLSPC(b) 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5

Other State Agencies 7.0 8.0 1.5 3.2 3.7 3.6 3.8 2.4 2.5
Plantation Companies 115.4 136.2 122.9 118.8 123.6 118.0 113.9 95.4 100.4
Private 164.4 183.0 197.2 202.1 208.6 212.9 207.7 192.0 201.9
Total 291.1 331.4 327.5 328.4 340.0 338.0 328.8 292.6 307.7
Rubber Production by JEDB(b) 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.35 0.38
SLSPC(b) 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
Plantation Companies(c) 32.5 32.2 31.3 29.5 29.3 26.6 26.1 26.6 27.9
Private 104.1 120.4 126.6 122.4 100.8 71.8 62.2 52.1 54.8
Total 136.9 153.0 158.2 152.1 130.4 98.6 88.6 79.1 83.1
Coconut Mn/Nuts Plantation Companies(c) 41 40 37 41 28 36 33 41 42

Production by Private 2,812 2,277 2,771 2,899 2,485 2,834 3,023 2,970 2,408
Total 2,853 2,317 2,808 2,940 2,513 2,870 3,056 3,011 2,450

Yield (kg./ha.)
Tea JEDB(b) 517 587 542 575 586 476 490 363 492
SLSPC(b) 519 583 582 716 665 547 525 513 532
Plantation Companies(c) 1,506 1,284 1,276 1,264 1,289 1,248 1,239 1,025 948
National 1,312 1,478 1,475 1,688 1,757 1,736 1,693 1,516 1,428
Rubber JEDB(b) 542 777 661 570 610 661 655 674 752
SLSPC(b) – – 754 492 692 615 575 573 649
National 1,437 1,582 1,555 1,459 1,245 914 823 800 933
Coconut (Nuts/ha.) Plantation Companies(c) 4,501 4,284 3,979 4,111 3,242 3,420 3,126 5,158 5,501
National 6,995 6,544 – – 6,365 7,404 7,765 7,670 7,879
JEDB – Janatha Estate Development Board Sources : Ministry of Plantation Industries

SLSPC – Sri Lanka State Plantation Corporation Ministry of Public Enterprise
(a) Provisional and Kandy Development
(b) Data source changed
(c) The figures of Plantation Companies includes the data of Kurunegala, Chilaw & Elkaduwa Plantations.
Those Plantations are privatised but managed by the Government.
56
AGRICULTURE
Table 5.19
Settlements and Land Cultivated under Mahaweli Programme 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014(a) 2015 2016(b) 2017(b)
Settlements (Families)
System B (LB) 1,049 396 1,360 909 726 658 608 – 2,970 –
System C 253 107 1,612 – 199 481 1,373 20 1,200 547
System D – – – – – 321 53 – 100 46
System G – – 101 – 96 191 98 3 1,371 352
System H 54 – – 5 – – 5 290 2,015 356
System L – 569 485 1,426 630 2,429 64 – 1,755 1,802
Udawalawe ( LB + RB) 2,931 354 340 – 143 10 221 40 5,975 92
Victoria / Kotmale / Rambakenoya – – 26 2 88 62 5 14 810 102
Hurulu Wewa – Dambulla – – – – – – 295 360 817 –

Land Cultivated (Hectares)
System H 67,529 49,964 67,838 70,993 59,509 67,367 38,789 51,311 36,816 24,069
Paddy 51,263 36,729 50,508 53,119 44,100 47,172 26,355 42,040 29,508 13,186
Other Crops 16,266 13,235 17,330 17,874 15,409 20,195 12,434 9,271 7,308 10,883
System C 46,685 35,813 46,617 46,163 46,171 47,122 39,639 47,403 47,406 36,600
Paddy 43,184 31,949 44,702 45,645 44,554 44,244 33,990 44,900 44,704 34,086
Other Crops 3,501 3,864 1,915 518 1,617 2,878 5,649 2,503 2,702 2,514
System B 35,920 33,024 41,222 41,331 40,591 37,407 32,086 40,519 39,695 29,595
Paddy 33,875 30,370 38,512 38,039 37,898 34,044 30,139 41,332 38,020 28,879
Other Crops 2,045 2,654 2,710 3,292 2,693 3,363 1,947 1,187 1,675 716
System G 11,223 8,496 11,522 10,444 6,305 10,020 7,931 12,535 9,782 8,105
Paddy 9,727 7,641 10,132 9,356 5,362 8,889 7,326 11,168 8,675 7,000
Other Crops 1,496 855 1,390 1,088 943 1,131 605 1,367 1,107 1,105
System L 953 1,436 2,167 1,767 3,050 3,437 1,320 2,758 2,612 2,021
Paddy 777 1,121 1,557 999 2,054 2,437 715 2,045 2,149 1,319
Other Crops 176 315 610 768 996 1,000 605 713 463 702
Udawalawe 39,059 40,394 43,338 45,229 43,333 45,839 26,489 28,836 27,620 10,052
Paddy 20,147 21,583 27,081 27,956 24,799 24,444 22,092 24,804 22,806 7,319
Other Crops 18,912 18,811 16,257 17,273 18,534 21,395 4,397 4,032 4,814 2,733
System D & Rambaken Oya – – – – – – 249 2,792 3,620 1,179

Paddy – – – – – – 116 1,144 1,542 762
Other Crops – – – – – – 133 1,648 2,078 417
Total 201,369 169,127 212,704 215,927 198,959 211,192 146,503 186,699 167,551 111,621
Paddy 158,973 129,393 172,492 175,114 158,767 161,230 120,733 167,433 147,404 92,551
Other Crops 42,396 39,734 40,212 40,813 40,192 49,962 25,770 20,721 20,147 19,070
(a) Revised
Source : Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka
(b) Provisional
LB – Left Bank
RB – Right Bank
57
INDUSTRY
Table 6.1
Sugar 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Sugar Cane
Total Area (with ratoons), Ha. 7,294 7,320 7,360 6,992 9,208 11,801 12,608 12,135 11,784 10,915
Area Harvested, Ha. 6,271 6,200 5,988 6,024 7,034 9,329 11,045 9,005 11,676 9,945
Cane Harvested, ’000 MT 348 287 272 290 348 534 576 572 653 591
Average Yield per Hectare, MT 56 47 50 45 54 67 75 89 58 61
Sugar Production, MT 39,378 32,168 31,336 34,875 35,659 53,061 52,318 55,972 61,265 55,552
Sevanagala 10,978 8,718 8,602 6,015 9,631 14,190 14,417 14,377 17,234 15,198
Pelwatta 28,400 23,450 22,734 28,860 22,712 28,358 17,964 27,612 34,188 27,643
Galoya – – – – 3,316 10,513 19,937 13,994 9,843 12,711
Cost of Sugar Production, Rs./kg.

Sevanagala 58.32 63.00 65.00 n.a. 68.00 98.00 104.76 99.09 125.00 133.00
Pelwatta 83.66 96.36 93.80 82.00 112.00 104.00 161.62 132.39 133.00 153.00
Galoya – – – – 91.00 98.15 102.52 134.62 124.45 114.00
Sugar Imports
Volume, MT ’000 571 466 548 606 569 548 520 624 651 498
Value, Rs. Mn. 21,988 25,045 41,077 47,091 43,872 37,187 33,332 34,164 49,919 39,041
Import Price (C.I.F.), Rs./MT 38,533 53,717 74,987 77,764 77,149 67,904 64,142 54,753 76,660 78,402
Sugar Availability, MT ’000 608.66 494.42 579.12 640.88 604.66 601.06 572.00 679.98 713.18 553.50
Per Capita, kg. 30.11 24.18 28.04 30.71 29.84 29.34 27.66 32.43 33.64 25.81

n.a. – Not available Pelwatta Sugar Industries Ltd.
Sevanagala Sugar Industries Ltd.
Galoya Plantations Pvt. Ltd.
Sri Lanka Customs
Table 6.2
Milk and Milk Products 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Milk Collection, Litres ’000 87,845 91,844 99,410 95,710 68,386 66,234 61,478 64,583 70,094 96,202
Milk Industries of Lanka Co., Ltd. 53,590 54,870 55,530 52,813 68,386 66,234 61,478 64,583 70,094 96,202
Nestle Lanka Ltd. 34,255 36,974 43,880 42,897 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Finished Products
Liquid Milk, Litres ’000(b) 13,585 13,837 23,190 18,965 7,768(b) 6,859(b) 6,063 5,927 6,201 5,428
Pasteurised Milk(b) 8,692 8,217 7,427 6,931 3,574(b) 3,263(b) 3,163 3,900 3,425 3,527
Sterilised Milk(b) 4,893 5,620 15,763 12,034 4,194(b) 3,596(b) 2,900 2,027 2,776 1,901
Condensed Milk, Kgs. ’000(b) 4,031 3,637 4,743 4,137 4,621(b) 4,188(b) 4,076 3,495 n.a. n.a.
Milk Powder, Kgs. ’000(c) 7,886 8,421 9,593 8,720 14,242 13,185 11,878 11,113 11,140 n.a.
Imports of Milk Products

Infant Milk Food, MT 1,343 1,442 911 1,756 1,446 1,545 1,172 1,613 1,659 2,179
Other Milk Food, MT ’000 66 65 76 88 84 69 71 86 100 99
(a) Provisional Sources : Ceylon Cold Stores Ltd.

(b) Excluding NLL. Milk Industries of Lanka Co. Ltd. (MILCO)
(c) This figure includes imported powdered milk and other powdered malt products upto 2007. Nestle Lanka Ltd. (NLL)
From 2008 onwards, includes only domestic productions. Sri Lanka Customs
58
INDUSTRY
Table 6.3
Textiles 2009 – 2017
Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Exports of Textiles and Garments

Yarn Mn. kgs. 17 15 17 18 19 22 21 21 22
Rs. Mn. 4,808 5,621 6,272 7,461 7,543 8,844 8,555 10,121 10,516
Fabric Mn. kgs. 19 18 17 13 15 16 17 19 19
Rs. Mn. 6,365 7,958 9,363 11,807 15,917 11,791 13,813 15,607 18,185
Fibre Mn. kgs. 6 9 12 7 6 12 11 10 7
Rs. Mn. 239 368 504 392 564 3,231 3,609 3,437 2,612
Other Made Up Textile Mn. kgs. 11 15 19 40 11 12 15 14 15
Articles Rs. Mn. 4,858 6,124 6,579 6,735 7,363 8,472 10,013 11,807 13,317
Garments Rs. Mn. 358,374 359,113 440,791 482,212 551,659 611,350 618,803 669,796 722,624
Total Exports Rs. Mn. 374,645 379,185 463,509 508,607 583,046 643,688 654,794 710,768 767,254

Export Markets
(% of Value of Garment Exports)
USA 41.2 40.8 39.5 39.9 42.9 42.5 46.3 45.7 45.2
Germany 5.7 5.5 5.2 5.0 4.4 3.9 4.3 4.2 4.3
UK 27.1 25.2 23.1 23.4 21.1 19.3 17.9 18.0 16.9
France 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.7 3.5 2.5 1.6 1.4
Netherland 1.9 2.8 1.8 1.1 1.4 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.1
Canada 1.3 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.2
Italy 11.2 11.0 12.1 10.9 9.6 10.7 7.8 7.6 9.1

Imports of Textiles and Textile Articles
Yarn Mn. kgs. 61 71 62 66 61 71 82 82 80
Rs. Mn. 25,002 35,800 38,358 40,631 37,782 44,484 48,064 53,560 55,655
Fabric Mn. kgs. 181 197 224 217 205 216 232 265 263
Rs. Mn. 137,148 155,780 203,883 234,192 210,863 240,882 242,395 317,396 338,519
Fibre Mn. kgs. 8 7 7 7 11 22 37 27 17
Rs. Mn. 2,131 2,282 2,650 2,486 3,452 6,702 10,912 8,665 6,079
Clothing Accessories Mn. kgs. 3 3 4 6 3 3 3 4 4
Rs. Mn. 7,384 6,606 7,036 7,502 6,424 5,968 5,304 8,031 8,106
Silk, Wool, Cotton, etc., Mn. kgs. 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 8 11
in raw form Rs. Mn. 1,832 1,893 2,159 2,317 2,420 2,825 2,785 2,977 3,666
Textile Articles Mn. kgs. 1 1 2 5 2 2 2 2 2
Rs. Mn. 2,183 2,181 2,507 2,418 3,360 3,047 2,505 3,267 3,361
Total Value of Imports Rs. Mn. 175,681 204,542 256,592 289,546 264,302 303,907 311,965 393,896 415,386
(a) Provisional Source : Sri Lanka Customs
Textiles Garment Exports

800
600
Rs. Bn.
400
200
0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Exports of Textiles Imports of Textiles

& Garments & Textile Articles
59
INDUSTRY
Table 6.4
Petroleum 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Crude Oil Imports

Quantity, MT ’000 1,853 2,066 1,819 2,070 1,486 1,743 1,824 1,763 1,685 1,591
Value (C.I.F.), Rs. Mn. 143,159 111,715 120,180 183,056 157,758 182,064 187,760 100,578 86,969 107,397

Refined Products Imports(b)
Quantity, MT ’000 2,396 2,162 2,882 3,501 3,961 2,907 3,385 3,321 3,885 4,895
Value (C.I.F.), Rs. Mn. 222,235 138,190 222,273 335,225 467,058 352,984 391,651 244,148 246,233 375,374

Processed in Sri Lanka, MT ’000
Petrol 164 179 158 206 152 144 152 154 166 165
Kerosene 111 83 93 93 75 57 65 75 104 60
Furnace Oil 732 781 686 779 648 724 641 552 479 431
Auto Diesel 451 485 442 501 411 390 496 510 583 506
Marine and Heavy Diesel – – – – – – – – – –
Aviation Fuel (Avtur) 154 195 126 155 93 125 168 155 148 236
Liquid Petroleum Gas 16 24 23 24 17 20 28 7 9 19
Asphalts (Bitumen) 45 42 35 46 27 5 – – – –
Naptha (Chemical) 100 105 84 80 71 87 117 135 144 142
Solvents 3 17 2 3 4 n.a. 3 2 1 –
Locally Blended Lubrication Oil – – – – – – – – – –

Exports, Rs. Mn. 27,553 15,447 29,761 61,170 58,902 55,128 44,132 50,461 41,794 66,280
(a) Provisional Sources : Ceylon Petroleum Corporation and other Exporters of Petroleum
(b) Excluding coal. Lanka IOC PLC
Table 6.5
Minerals 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Precious & Semi Precious Stones

Exports, Rs. Mn. 8,259.8 7,912.3 7,944.5 10,523.0 14,982.2 16,765.0 22,582.9 22,234.5 21,712.8 22,108.4
Gem Exports 8,096.2 7,754.3 7,802.1 10,375.7 14,757.6 16,643.8 22,442.7 22,132.2 19,903.5 22,075.6
Geuda Exports 163.6 158.0 142.4 147.3 224.6 121.2 140.2 102.3 101.6 32.8
Graphite –
Production, MT(b) 6,136 915 766 842 1,018 848 565 718 799(c) 811(c)
Exports – Quantity, MT 5,176 3,018 3,231 3,341 3,094 3,083 3,116 2,834 3,163 3,123
– Value, Rs. Mn. 378 260 454 479 561 569 615 531 668 722
– Average Price, Rs./MT 73,055 86,011 140,533 143,376 181,346 184,487 197,463 187,236 211,274 231,032
Ilmenite –
Production, MT(d) 56,824 31,967 53,361 68,085 44,707 42,685 32,972 39,439 17,457 53,734
– Value, Rs. Mn. 214 414 344 923 2,000 436 480 418 335 914
Rutile –
Production, MT 3,405 2,133 2,493 1,970 1,590 1,406 2,111 1,808 2,237 2,174
– Value, Rs. Mn. 231 163 189 295 516 151 330 119 228 215
(a) Provisional Sources : Lanka Mineral Sands Ltd.

(b) Does not include data from Bogala Graphite Lanka Ltd. from 2009. National Gem and Jewellery Authority
(c) Only Kahatagala Graphite production. Bogala Graphite Lanka Ltd.
(d) Includes production of Hi-Ti-Ilmenite from 2010. Kahatagaha Graphite Lanka Ltd.
Sri Lanka Customs
60
INDUSTRY
Table 6.6
Cement 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Local Production
Production Volume, MT ’000 1,572 1,453 1,737 1,974 2,068 1,910 1,884 2,287 2,695 2,819
Imports
Volume, MT ’000 2,004 1,702 2,012 2,584 3,796 4,123 4,363 4,092 5,299 5,676
Value, Rs. Mn. 16,784 14,042 14,856 22,222 33,337 40,536 41,304 39,372 50,589 53,498
Imports Price (C.I.F.), Rs. per MT 8,375 8,250 7,385 8,599 8,783 9,832 9,468 9,622 9,547 9,425
Price, Rs. per MT (Annual Avg.)(b) 10,338 11,279 9,855 10,720 13,097 13,787 13,902 13,160 11,734 11.367
(a) Provisional Sources : Holcim (Lanka) Limited

(b) Ex-factory price per MT Tokyo Cement Company Lanka PLC
Sri Lanka Customs
Table 6.7
Electricity 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Installed Capacity, MW 2,645 2,684 2,817 3,148 3,312 3,362 3,932 3,847 4,018 4,138
CEB Hydro 1,207 1,207 1,207 1,207 1,357 1,361 1,377 1,377 1,384 1,384
Fuel Oil(b) 548 548 548 554 554 564 544 604 604 604
Coal – – – 300 300 300 900 900 900 900
Other 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Private Hydro – Small 138 172 175 194 227 267 288 307 342 353
Fuel Oil(c) 737 742 842 842 784 771 671 511 611 689
Other 12 12 42 48 87 96 150 145 174 206
Maximum Demand, MW 1,922 1,868 1,955 2,163 2,146 2,164 2,152 2,283 2,453 2,523
Units Generated, GWh 9,901 9,882 10,714 11,528 11,801 11,898 12,357 13,090 14,149 14,671
CEB Hydro 3,700 3,356 4,988 4,018 2,727 5,990 3,632 4,904 3,481 3,059
Fuel Oil(b) 2,083 2,091 1,394 1,494 2,029 1,283 1,696 1,050 2,297 2,529
Coal – – – 1,038 1,404 1,469 3,202 4,443 5,047 5,103
Other 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 2 2
Private Hydro – Small 428 525 646 601 565 916 902 1,065 739 945
Fuel Oil(c) 3,680 3,883 3,601 4,253 4,906 1,977 2,610 1,225 2,164 2,516
Other 6 23 83 121 168 260 313 401 419 517
Sales, GWh 8,417 8,441 9,268 10,024 10,475 10,621 11,063 11,786 12,785 13,430
Domestic and Religious 2,799 2,927 3,186 3,430 3,577 3,546 3,585 3,943 4,272 4,463
Industrial 2,678 2,518 2,870 3,131 3,285 3,344 3,498 3,608 3,864 4,041
Small Units 202 219 232 252 272 274 275 291 330 315
Medium Units 1,386 1,316 1,473 1,574 1,628 1,676 1,726 1,812 1,942 1,987
Large Units 1,090 983 1,165 1,306 1,385 1,394 1,497 1,504 1,591 1,739
General Purpose and Hotel(d) 1,703 1,768 1,903 2,087 2,202 2,316 2,520 2,681 2,987 3,222
LECO 1,130 1,120 1,201 1,267 1,302 1,308 1,352 1,446 1,553 1,595
Street Lighting 108 108 108 109 109 108 108 108 109 108
(a) Provisional Source : Ceylon Electricity Board

(b) Data from 2011 had been split as fuel oil and coal power, as coal power generation commenced in 2011.
(c) Inclusive of Independent Power Producers (IPP).
(d) Data from 2013 include sales to government category.
61
INDUSTRY
Table 6.8
Gross Generation of Electricity by Power Stations – 2016 and 2017
Capacity
Power Station Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total
MW
CEB Generation in 2016, GWh

Hydro
Laxapana Complex
Canyon 60.00 10.82 14.62 17.67 11.36 4.68 12.07 12.54 6.02 6.10 9.70 7.05 10.10 122.73
Old Laxapana 53.80 18.46 27.07 17.72 16.62 26.72 37.30 22.26 13.01 15.66 18.18 15.27 8.97 237.24
New Laxapana 116.00 34.09 44.25 54.22 36.57 33.37 46.91 42.63 25.06 23.98 33.33 25.79 32.42 432.62
Wimalasurendra 50.00 7.38 11.85 7.38 6.82 8.07 13.64 7.74 2.98 4.84 6.44 4.57 2.98 84.69
Polpitiya 75.00 25.37 33.27 32.12 22.65 31.51 46.13 31.02 18.22 19.14 25.14 21.27 19.92 325.74
Sub Total 354.80 96.12 131.06 129.10 94.02 104.35 156.05 116.18 65.29 69.72 92.79 73.94 74.39 1,203.02
Mahaweli Complex
Ukuwela 40.00 12.92 13.65 9.18 4.68 9.97 20.53 21.93 15.30 10.07 11.09 17.27 11.55 158.13
Bowetanne 40.00 4.79 2.38 2.29 0.75 6.50 4.50 4.74 4.09 3.88 1.20 4.16 3.14 42.41
Victoria 210.00 100.65 62.48 49.47 34.10 37.93 70.64 44.19 42.98 33.54 48.83 38.41 26.25 589.47
Upper Kotmale 150.00 24.62 10.84 8.76 10.07 45.54 32.03 26.25 22.06 18.96 10.89 17.77 7.01 234.81
Kotmale 201.00 21.18 28.45 15.61 1.58 29.13 41.54 39.09 30.20 13.47 18.19 19.00 22.76 280.20
Randenigala 122.60 66.32 32.48 18.66 23.13 30.82 39.32 33.23 23.40 7.57 11.15 18.41 19.21 323.71
Rantambe 50.00 30.49 15.25 8.00 9.13 14.77 16.06 14.33 10.44 3.29 4.60 8.31 8.02 142.68
Sub Total 813.60 260.97 165.54 111.97 83.44 174.66 224.62 183.76 148.48 90.77 105.94 123.33 97.93 1,771.41
Samanalawewa 120.00 38.18 29.92 49.35 35.20 22.22 33.37 13.54 13.44 2.94 2.49 1.10 18.78 260.53
Kukule 75.00 13.77 6.64 5.33 13.33 37.48 31.97 12.73 11.13 9.15 10.38 36.19 14.05 202.14
Mini Hydro (CEB)
Inginiyagala 11.25 4.20 2.00 0.86 5.95 5.68 6.09 5.70 1.67 1.08 3.37 2.55 2.63 41.78
Uda Walawe 6.00 2.86 1.91 0.52 2.19 2.86 2.71 2.03 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.55
Nilambe 3.20 0.97 0.21 0.16 0.30 0.30 0.91 0.27 0.12 0.04 0.13 0.76 0.14 4.31
Sub Total 20.45 8.04 4.13 1.54 8.43 8.83 9.71 8.00 2.26 1.11 3.50 3.31 2.77 61.64
Total Hydro 1,383.85 417.06 337.29 297.29 234.42 347.53 455.71 334.21 240.60 173.70 215.11 237.87 207.93 3,498.72
Wind Power 3.00 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.06 0.18 0.29 0.28 0.31 0.42 0.27 0.02 0.06 2.14
Thermal
Kelanitissa: Steam
Gas 80.00 0.10 1.78 6.38 1.71 1.18 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.18 10.92 9.27 13.06 44.73
Gas (New) 115.00 2.07 21.39 56.62 34.56 9.98 0.23 0.00 0.00 17.57 43.76 56.66 20.92 263.75
Combined Cycle 165.00 0.00 0.00 73.82 97.23 65.18 74.01 87.27 20.07 99.59 82.69 87.79 109.90 797.55
Sapugaskanda 80.00 18.41 25.70 36.44 33.33 17.63 11.30 13.49 28.88 15.66 34.29 40.83 33.21 309.17
Sapugaskanda Ext. 80.00 33.12 39.43 49.56 44.97 32.35 33.68 32.37 42.89 41.63 43.58 42.90 39.17 475.67
Burge Mounted 60.00 20.37 40.56 42.91 15.92 29.87 25.60 31.70 40.11 36.77 36.67 9.94 37.35 367.76
Uthuru Janani 24.00 4.93 7.76 11.60 12.60 7.38 3.75 5.90 10.70 7.14 12.57 9.18 8.10 101.58
Total Thermal Oil 604.00 78.99 136.61 277.33 240.32 163.57 148.71 170.72 142.65 218.54 264.49 256.56 261.71 2,360.21
Puttalam Coal 900.00 395.13 342.78 404.87 399.50 376.31 389.83 512.54 566.58 539.24 380.78 359.92 399.40 5,066.89
Total Thermal 1,504.00 474.12 479.39 682.21 639.82 539.88 538.53 683.26 709.24 757.78 645.27 616.48 661.11 7,427.09
Total CEB 2,890.85 891.27 816.76 979.59 874.30 887.59 994.54 1,017.75 950.14 931.90 860.65 854.37 869.10 10,927.96
Private
Mini Hydro (Private) 342.16 65.96 35.93 23.20 39.55 118.50 111.27 67.04 60.65 45.82 45.00 88.38 37.39 738.68
ORE(a) 173.91 24.84 18.29 15.69 16.44 41.09 61.17 52.46 54.09 56.96 37.06 14.14 26.75 418.97
Thermal 611.00 167.87 221.64 206.26 224.72 128.55 18.18 81.97 184.26 169.59 284.66 203.29 273.13 2,164.12
Total Private 1,127.07 258.67 275.86 245.15 280.70 288.14 190.62 201.46 298.99 272.38 366.71 305.81 337.27 3,321.78
Grand Total 4,017.92 1,149.94 1,092.62 1,224.74 1,155.01 1,175.73 1,185.16 1,219.21 1,249.13 1,204.27 1,227.36 1,160.18 1,206.37 14,249.74
CEB Generation in 2017, GWh

Hydro
Laxapana Complex
Canyon 60.00 6.73 2.62 3.98 6.52 4.40 0.98 8.97 12.76 17.61 18.77 15.36 17.97 116.67
Old Laxapana 53.80 10.37 13.27 11.91 11.54 14.71 21.74 13.87 23.12 31.57 30.20 33.70 36.05 252.05
New Laxapana 116.00 21.30 8.88 13.83 21.39 24.68 15.03 31.92 51.13 62.97 68.35 51.03 59.08 429.60
Wimalasurendra 50.00 4.17 5.59 4.50 4.55 3.44 5.60 3.84 5.60 10.80 8.76 14.04 15.99 86.87
Polpitiya 75.00 14.82 10.21 11.96 15.58 18.84 21.13 24.63 37.55 50.96 51.99 43.49 48.35 349.49
Sub Total 354.80 57.39 40.57 46.17 59.59 66.07 64.49 83.23 130.17 173.91 178.07 157.61 177.42 1,234.69
Mahaweli Complex
Ukuwela 40.00 6.34 4.63 5.81 11.92 8.68 18.04 19.88 16.93 12.84 4.39 21.70 23.62 154.78
Bowetanne 40.00 4.62 2.43 5.40 2.22 1.24 2.96 3.08 2.76 8.10 0.01 17.05 16.22 66.09
Victoria 210.00 5.98 0.49 9.80 23.47 29.45 25.17 49.54 7.16 13.65 26.91 68.88 27.46 287.95
Upper Kotmale 150.00 7.17 3.95 18.41 8.85 19.01 26.08 12.29 31.41 35.45 46.00 42.31 51.48 302.41
Kotmale 201.00 11.56 9.51 4.36 20.19 4.61 19.81 48.27 20.35 28.55 37.83 45.46 49.98 300.48
Randenigala 122.60 13.95 12.95 6.04 15.79 20.09 19.35 18.75 6.04 2.31 3.35 12.51 10.57 141.71
Rantambe 50.00 7.42 6.51 5.97 7.39 9.27 9.30 9.39 3.24 1.53 3.81 9.52 10.89 84.23
Sub Total 813.60 57.05 40.47 55.79 89.83 92.35 120.72 161.19 87.89 102.43 122.30 217.43 190.21 1,337.65
Samanalawewa 120.00 9.08 10.33 3.48 19.56 12.26 1.87 25.83 7.62 6.95 11.09 17.95 32.54 158.55
Kukule 75.00 8.33 5.35 12.66 11.24 28.50 35.50 18.84 34.26 45.32 47.19 35.92 39.58 322.67
Mini Hydro (CEB)
Inginiyagala 11.25 1.13 1.00 0.26 1.99 2.54 2.03 0.95 0.23 0.06 0.05 0.38 0.98 11.58
Uda Walawe 6.00 0.00 0.20 0.04 0.18 0.98 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 1.16 3.24
Nilambe 3.20 0.20 0.14 0.80 0.51 0.33 0.52 0.12 0.16 0.45 0.92 1.31 1.39 6.85
Sub Total 20.45 1.33 1.34 1.09 2.69 3.84 3.15 1.07 0.38 0.50 0.97 1.79 3.53 21.67
Total Hydro 1,383.85 133.18 98.05 119.19 182.91 203.02 225.72 290.15 260.32 329.11 359.61 430.69 443.28 3,075.24
Wind Power 3.00 0.11 0.15 0.08 0.17 0.35 0.36 0.33 0.29 0.17 0.12 0.04 0.05 2.21
Thermal
Kelanitissa: Steam
Gas 80.00 7.25 5.13 5.61 11.08 8.41 0.16 10.18 1.46 0.32 1.07 2.42 0.00 53.08
Gas (New) 115.00 26.45 33.59 30.52 49.53 41.27 10.75 63.66 34.11 8.71 21.00 20.10 8.19 347.88
Combined Cycle 165.00 84.44 53.75 65.70 90.55 74.42 75.69 70.48 108.83 99.63 82.10 92.23 71.68 969.50
Sapugaskanda 80.00 25.80 22.85 24.96 34.86 34.22 19.55 30.21 22.53 31.74 26.77 23.68 25.44 322.62
Sapugaskanda Ext. 80.00 42.72 34.16 30.79 33.99 34.66 31.60 34.37 27.68 23.24 20.00 26.81 30.05 370.07
Burge Mounted 60.00 39.41 32.57 42.25 41.29 41.60 34.01 32.83 36.32 32.97 32.03 35.42 37.56 438.25
Uthuru Janani 24.00 9.95 4.46 4.53 9.38 10.30 4.44 13.65 9.14 9.13 6.29 7.82 6.46 95.56
Total Thermal Oil 604.00 236.01 186.52 204.35 270.69 244.89 176.19 255.38 240.07 205.74 189.26 208.47 179.38 2,596.95
Puttalam Coal 900.00 485.78 534.34 583.44 396.42 465.76 496.07 369.25 445.20 335.00 475.19 241.40 292.79 5,120.63
Total Thermal 1,504.00 721.79 720.86 787.79 667.11 710.65 672.26 624.63 685.27 540.74 664.46 449.87 472.18 7,717.59
Total CEB 2,890.85 855.08 819.06 907.06 850.19 914.02 898.34 915.10 945.89 870.01 1,024.19 880.60 915.51 10,795.03
Private
Mini Hydro (Private) 352.58 29.27 20.86 54.94 47.44 65.81 100.44 64.55 102.81 112.91 121.70 105.66 119.07 945.45
ORE(a) 205.91 29.40 27.05 21.52 34.39 54.23 75.61 60.07 63.05 55.84 46.30 22.05 27.20 516.71
Thermal 689.00 260.12 213.51 286.15 274.63 234.95 169.94 260.33 203.38 186.71 80.75 184.27 161.14 2,515.88
Total Private 1,247.49 318.79 261.42 362.60 356.46 354.99 345.99 384.95 369.24 355.46 248.76 311.98 307.40 3,978.03
Grand Total 4,138.34 1,173.86 1,080.48 1,269.67 1,206.64 1,269.01 1,244.33 1,300.05 1,315.12 1,225.48 1,272.94 1,192.58 1,222.91 14,773.07
(a) Other Renewable Energy (Solar, Dendro, Biomass & Wind). Source : Ceylon Electricity Board
62
INDUSTRY
Table 6.9
Electricity Sales by Province 2014 – 2017
Province Units in GWh Revenue, Rs. Mn. No. of Consumer Accounts

&
Type of Sale 2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017
Colombo City
Domestic 243.06 251.71 268.26 270.46 7,712.54 6,457.80 7,045.00 7,087.00 134,589 136,943 138,838 140,797
Religious 7.74 7.89 8.73 9.01 67.49 70.23 76.62 79.52 870 878 889 899
Industrial 159.71 161.64 180.52 178.00 2,685.54 2,445.63 2,695.97 2,645.02 396 392 384 374
Commercial 869.14 897.81 948.94 992.79 23,401.28 21,046.89 22,534.18 23,338.79 33,741 34,430 35,017 35,523
Street Lighting 9.71 9.71 9.74 9.71 – – – – – – – –
Total 1,289.36 1,328.76 1,416.19 1,459.95 33,866.85 30,020.55 32,351.76 33,150.33 169,596 172,643 175,128 177,593
Western Province(a)
Domestic 979.37 1,067.75 1,150.72 1,186.88 17,705.36 16,331.87 18,475.56 19,202.42 1,053,449 1,081,055 1,117,146 1,142,260
Religious 11.55 12.32 13.43 14.02 84.66 91.09 99.72 105.53 5,146 5,314 5,470 5,643
Industrial 1,920.31 1,995.55 2,121.36 2,260.84 31,456.09 29,065.59 30,475.93 32,870.36 10,846 10,828 10,854 10,821
Commercial 582.90 614.95 694.88 765.86 15,761.37 14,363.09 16,045.91 17,555.56 131,077 138,485 147,617 157,394
Street Lighting 39.31 39.33 39.44 39.35 – – – – – – – –
Total 3,533.43 3,729.89 4,019.82 4,266.96 65,007.47 59,851.64 65,097.12 69,733.87 1,200,518 1,235,682 1,281,087 1,316,118
Central Province
Domestic 506.03 554.06 582.93 605.56 6,209.57 5,832.10 6,322.49 6,669.62 783,624 806,642 847,188 866,266
Religious 8.91 9.53 10.19 10.72 57.86 62.78 67.56 72.29 5,934 6,113 6,343 6,555
Industrial 268.13 285.05 301.51 307.36 4,589.92 4,313.85 4,542.13 4,682.22 3,828 3,904 3,976 4,031
Commercial 252.37 276.66 309.61 334.70 6,708.43 6,287.63 7,015.66 7,549.22 90,209 94,758 99,693 105,282
Street Lighting 7.61 7.61 7.63 7.61 – – – – – – – –
Total 1,043.04 1,132.91 1,211.87 1,265.95 17,565.78 16,496.37 17,947.84 18,973.34 883,595 911,417 957,200 982,134
Southern Province
Domestic 393.06 432.64 462.96 477.75 4,762.87 4,541.55 5,114.11 5,317.62 610,186 629,302 654,437 667,344
Religious 6.33 6.81 7.50 7.66 42.85 47.06 52.54 53.46 3,540 3,707 3,895 4,068
Industrial 269.44 263.76 274.06 284.62 4,456.64 3,903.15 4,022.86 4,199.29 4,441 4,594 4,763 4,944
Commercial 198.78 215.86 260.70 283.57 5,112.70 4,785.16 5,696.96 6,188.21 61,149 64,514 68,736 73,562
Street Lighting 10.45 10.47 10.50 10.50 – – – – – – – –
Total 878.05 929.54 1,015.73 1,064.10 14,375.05 13,276.92 14,886.46 15,758.59 679,316 702,117 731,831 749,918
Northern Province
Domestic 138.10 162.00 185.01 213.64 1,906.07 1,879.48 2,242.17 2,601.71 207,844 234,393 267,250 295,985
Religious 5.54 6.02 7.05 7.89 37.54 43.09 48.52 54.50 3,675 4,003 4,404 4,726
Industrial 20.67 26.12 29.81 31.85 380.72 421.72 481.80 521.28 3,518 3,764 4,101 4,640
Commercial 93.69 105.03 118.68 128.97 2,506.53 2,426.91 2,734.29 2,956.46 26,682 28,103 30,802 34,069
Street Lighting 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.63 – – – – – – – –
Total 259.62 300.79 342.19 383.98 4,830.86 4,771.20 5,506.77 6,133.95 241,719 270,263 306,565 339,420
Eastern Province
Domestic 255.73 294.85 330.71 352.63 3,423.73 3,436.67 4,060.40 4,323.80 370,193 392,297 426,889 459,151
Religious 5.52 6.18 6.99 7.64 37.76 42.75 49.05 54.09 2,942 3,168 3,389 3,612
Industrial 124.81 123.13 136.16 141.09 2,036.71 1,805.15 1,998.68 2,085.15 4,960 5,048 5,081 5,155
Commercial 113.34 127.94 147.60 166.58 2,990.57 2,902.05 3,306.38 3,742.47 39,919 41,934 44,594 48,777
Street Lighting 4.86 4.86 4.87 4.86 – – – – – – – –
Total 504.25 556.95 626.32 672.80 8,488.76 8,186.62 9,414.52 10,205.51 418,014 442,447 479,953 516,695
North Western Province
Domestic 430.31 476.62 523.35 552.91 5,704.96 5,428.12 6,269.78 6,688.49 621,905 649,175 687,209 710,384
Religious 7.27 7.84 8.69 9.28 46.97 51.65 58.46 63.08 4,604 4,734 4,874 5,013
Industrial 461.47 468.97 503.04 509.87 7,576.76 6,880.41 7,370.92 7,502.63 16,517 17,696 18,149 19,159
Commercial 167.63 184.23 207.32 230.27 4,582.48 4,278.82 4,785.80 5,314.87 77,445 81,520 86,962 94,362
Street Lighting 27.37 27.37 27.44 27.37 – – – – – – – –
Total 1,094.05 1,165.03 1,269.84 1,329.70 17,911.17 16,639.00 18,484.95 19,569.07 720,471 753,125 797,194 828,918
North Central Province
Domestic 202.65 223.43 249.87 262.38 2,309.30 2,229.69 2,615.14 2,762.63 327,480 343,252 372,484 382,469
Religious 4.59 4.38 4.99 5.53 30.01 31.15 35.80 40.02 2,053 2,156 2,243 2,332
Industrial 95.38 100.62 125.84 127.24 1,737.76 1,637.45 2,008.17 2,047.20 6,164 6,378 6,685 6,992
Commercial 99.45 107.48 123.48 132.07 2,631.81 2,442.61 2,798.15 2,998.70 36,970 38,988 41,491 44,381
Street Lighting 2.08 2.08 2.09 2.08 – – – – – – – –
Total 404.15 437.99 506.27 529.29 6,708.88 6,340.89 7,457.26 7,848.56 372,667 390,774 422,903 436,174
Uva Province
Domestic 154.48 174.12 188.89 197.10 1,527.02 1,494.43 1,675.68 1,756.52 293,387 308,030 328,683 342,593
Religious 2.62 2.83 3.06 3.09 16.15 17.67 19.24 19.86 2,157 2,290 2,427 2,597
Industrial 52.85 55.03 56.81 61.10 935.98 865.18 887.96 975.38 2,314 2,428 2,673 2,796
Commercial 67.22 68.48 83.01 88.07 1,825.58 1,592.87 1,905.58 2,038.14 27,929 29,265 30,839 33,447
Street Lighting 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 – – – – – – – –
Total 278.13 301.42 332.74 350.32 4,304.73 3,970.15 4,488.46 4,789.89 325,787 342,013 364,622 381,433
Sabaragamuwa Province
Domestic 218.63 239.23 255.61 265.53 2,416.51 2,297.57 2,537.76 2,659.85 365,572 386,306 403,309 417,811
Religious 3.05 3.20 3.50 3.65 19.28 20.45 22.62 23.72 2,254 2,347 2,448 2,554
Industrial 125.66 127.68 134.99 141.16 2,158.58 1,962.66 2,064.35 2,165.59 1,593 1,649 1,715 1,782
Commercial 75.15 82.51 92.67 98.77 2,037.02 1,906.38 2,135.88 2,275.26 36,428 38,347 40,237 42,579
Street Lighting 4.37 4.37 4.38 4.37 – – – – – – – –
Total 426.85 457.00 491.15 513.47 6,631.40 6,187.06 6,760.61 7,124.41 405,847 428,649 447,709 464,726
Transmission Bulk Supply
to LECO 1,352.19 1,446.00 1,553.18 1,594.95 24,980.67 22,295.38 24,496.28 23,776.33 1 1 1 1
Grand Total
11,063.11 11,786.28 12,785.29 13,431.46 204,671.63 188,035.77 206,892.04 217,063.85 5,417,532 5,649,132 5,964,194 6,193,130
(a) Excluding Colombo city. Source : Ceylon Electricity Board

Note 1: Transmission Bulk Supply to LECO is accounted as one account.
Note 2: Street Lighting Consumer Accounts are accounted as one account.
Table 6.10
Water – Consumers, Consumption and Revenue by Province 2014 – 2017
No. of Consumers Quantity of Water (m3 Mn.) Revenue Billed (Rs. Mn.) Revenue Collected (Rs. Mn.)
District
2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017
Western Domestic 764,500 804,082 857,647 902,050 157.1 166.9 186.5 190.6 6,747.8 7,038.4 8,541.4 8,609.2 6,819.8 7,276.4 8,278.1 8,850.0
Government 3,396 3,411 3,549 3,592 22.2 20.3 19.9 19.2 1,547.9 1,406.2 1,384.8 1,367.1 1,672.3 1,484.8 1,415.1 1,352.3
Industry 444 504 509 510 1.8 2.2 2.5 2.6 97.4 113.8 133.8 129.3 117.9 171.4 174.6 141.0
Other 65,308 70,382 75,541 80,776 49.2 52.7 60.0 61.7 3,766.0 4,083.4 4,672.7 4,955.4 3,714.8 4,112.5 4,682.9 4,999.7
Total 833,648 878,379 937,246 986,928 230.3 242.1 268.9 274.1 12,159.2 12,641.7 14,732.7 15,061.0 12,324.8 13,045.1 14,550.8 15,343.0

Central Domestic 209,155 220,016 231,633 243,079 32.7 34.9 39.1 40.6 1,102.6 1,128.1 1,347.8 1,414.7 1,094.4 1,153.9 1,378.9 1,481.2
Government 1,007 1,007 1,031 1,048 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 73.9 79.3 84.1 85.0 73.9 82.0 79.2 85.7
Industry 63 58 50 46 … … … … 2.1 1.0 0.5 0.4 2.1 1.0 0.6 0.5
Other 13,992 14,971 16,021 17,183 9.6 9.9 10.7 11.6 417.0 440.0 493.1 543.9 403.6 444.6 475.3 563.2
Total 224,217 236,052 248,735 261,356 43.3 45.9 51.1 53.4 1,595.6 1,648.4 1,925.6 2,044.0 1,574.0 1,681.5 1,934.0 2,130.7

Southern Domestic 260,239 275,493 284,404 291,732 43.3 46.1 49.9 50.2 1,520.4 1,549.7 1,769.3 1,805.5 1,455.4 1,570.1 1,789.7 1,845.0
Government 1,816 1,932 2,008 2,088 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 204.6 206.7 215.7 216.1 214.1 211.4 214.1 225.2
Industry 100 102 102 103 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 19.3 14.2 13.7 12.9 12.1 15.1 14.1 14.0
Other 14,179 15,690 16,909 18,101 7.2 7.5 8.6 9.4 510.5 549.0 641.6 710.1 527.8 591.0 747.9 725.3
Total 276,334 293,217 303,423 312,024 53.6 56.7 61.7 62.7 2,254.7 2,319.6 2,640.3 2,744.6 2,209.4 2,387.5 2,765.8 2,809.5

Northern Domestic 10,825 13,291 16,102 19,736 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.6 59.6 68.6 81.5 94.4 61.1 65.7 79.9 90.4
Government 210 239 279 316 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 15.9 18.7 22.5 25.4 16.6 21.1 20.6 24.9
Industry 5 7 7 7 … … … … 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9
Other 1149 1,297 1,429 1,594 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 16.5 19.3 21.2 25.5 17.0 19.4 24.3 28.1
Total 12,189 14,834 17,817 21,653 2.0 2.4 2.9 3.3 92.6 107.3 125.9 146.1 95.3 106.9 125.4 144.3

Eastern Domestic 156,199 177,058 206,976 232,498 20.3 23.2 29.1 32.6 654.7 721.1 978.7 1,078.4 656.9 744.3 930.7 1,204.7
Government 1,191 1,319 1,449 1,610 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.9 166.9 179.8 199.8 207.2 182.7 175.7 192.6 205.4
Industry 16 17 18 17 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 16.0 17.4 27.1 16.7 15.8 15.9 27.2 17.7
Other 5,943 6,904 8,106 9,299 2.0 2.3 2.6 3.5 142.8 151.9 173.7 231.3 138.2 149.5 162.7 242.0
Total 163,349 185,298 216,552 243,424 24.9 28.3 34.9 39.1 980.5 1,070.3 1,379.4 1,533.6 993.6 1,085.4 1,313.1 1,669.9
Contd.
INDUSTRY
63
64
Table 6.10 (Contd.)
INDUSTRY
Water – Consumers, Consumption and Revenue by Province 2014 – 2017
No. of Consumers Quantity of Water (m3 Mn.) Revenue Billed (Rs. Mn.) Revenue Collected (Rs. Mn.)
District
2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017
North Western Domestic 58,075 62,719 66,767 70,600 8.3 8.9 10.3 10.3 274.0 279.3 349.7 343.3 277.2 296.2 354.2 351.9
Government 468 506 536 564 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 42.4 39.3 40.0 37.4 45.3 37.1 40.2 37.8
Industry 73 76 76 80 0.1 0.1 … 0.1 6.3 4.3 3.7 4.5 6.3 4.4 3.7 4.6
Other 5,414 5,881 6,403 6,792 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.5 172.1 180.0 197.0 208.1 169.0 182.5 197.7 206.2
Total 64,030 69,182 73,782 78,036 13.0 13.6 15.4 15.4 494.8 502.9 590.3 593.3 497.8 520.1 595.7 600.5

North Central Domestic 82,976 91,030 97,558 103,473 13.6 14.8 17.4 18.1 471.9 489.1 630.6 648.8 491.0 517.2 645.7 701.0
Government 895 934 904 955 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.9 186.9 197.4 204.2 207.7 216.3 204.2 183.2 203.9
Industry 11 11 6 10 … … … … … … 0.5 0.2 … … 0.1 0.1
Other 8,018 8,693 9,218 9,913 2.9 3.2 3.5 3.5 191.9 209.9 244.4 263.1 186.7 208.6 238.7 271.9
Total 91,900 100,668 107,686 114,351 19.2 20.8 23.8 24.5 850.8 896.4 1,079.8 1,119.9 894.1 930.1 1,067.7 1,177.3

Uva Domestic 70,213 75,225 79,638 87,375 9.9 10.5 12.2 12.6 319.1 325.0 403.8 423.4 306.2 337.8 396.7 428.1
Government 694 697 732 731 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 143.9 139.6 148.3 148.7 154.3 145.4 149.3 149.1
Industry 2 2 2 2 … … … … 2.1 0.7 0.7 0.8 2.5 0.5 0.6 1.0
Other 5,155 5,383 5,901 6,686 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.5 110.7 119.5 134.6 145.2 114.1 129.7 133.6 154.2
Total 76,064 81,307 86,273 94,794 14.0 14.6 16.6 17.1 575.9 584.8 687.4 718.1 577.1 613.5 680.3 732.4

Sabaragamuwa Domestic 81,173 85,155 90,528 95,376 12.6 13.6 15.4 15.7 442.6 443.2 555.1 573.0 436.0 450.0 548.3 597.5
Government 567 595 588 615 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.3 65.4 76.0 90.9 89.0 65.4 74.4 87.9 85.9
Industry 159 216 299 373 … … 0.1 0.1 2.5 3.0 5.2 5.7 2.5 3.0 4.9 5.7
Other 8,368 8,818 9,542 10,242 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.9 180.7 191.2 223.7 244.3 178.1 191.6 218.0 249.7
Total 90,267 94,784 100,957 106,606 15.8 17.2 19.5 19.9 691.2 713.4 875.0 912.0 682.0 719.0 859.0 938.8

Total Domestic 1,693,355 1,804,069 1,931,256 2,045,919 299.4 320.7 362.0 373.3 11,592.7 12,042.3 14,657.8 14,990.9 11,598.2 12,411.8 14,402.3 15,549.9
Government 10,244 10,640 11,076 11,519 35.0 33.8 34.1 33.2 2,448.0 2,343.2 2,390.4 2,383.6 2,640.9 2,436.1 2,382.1 2,370.1
Industry 873 993 1,069 1,148 2.4 2.7 3.3 3.1 146.2 155.0 186.0 171.4 159.7 211.8 226.3 185.6
Other 127,526 138,019 149,070 160,586 79.4 84.5 95.3 100.1 5,508.3 5,944.2 6,802.1 7,326.9 5,449.3 6,029.4 6,881.1 7,440.5
Total
1,831,998 1,953,721 2,092,471 2,219,172 416.2 441.7 494.7 509.7 19,695.2 20,484.8 24,036.3 24,872.8 19,848.1 21,089.1 23,891.8 25,546.1
… Negligible Source : National Water Supply & Drainage Board

65
INDUSTRY
Table 6.11
Board of Investment (BOI) Enterprises 2008 – 2017
Industrial Category 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a) 2013(a) 2014(a) 2015 2016 2017(b)
Employment (End December)
Food, Beverages and Tobacco Products

13,227 13,195 13,984 13,436 15,612 15,647 14,135 n.a. n.a. n.a.
Textile, Wearing Apparel and
Leather Products 302,304 307,912 264,456 276,551 292,004 291,986 298,746 n.a. n.a. n.a.
Wood and Wood Products 1,338 1,771 3,621 3,861 3,553 3,366 3,310 n.a. n.a. n.a.
Paper, Paper Products, Printing
and Publishing 1,703 1,730 1,890 2,325 1,938 2,241 2,168 n.a. n.a. n.a.
Chemicals, Petroleum, Coal, Rubber
and Plastic Products 26,494 23,382 20,659 26,017 26,929 27,734 25,410 n.a. n.a. n.a.
Non-Metallic Mineral Products 6,239 9,082 8,854 9,228 9,354 9,119 9,288 n.a. n.a. n.a.
Fabricated Metal, Machinery and
Transport Equipment 6,441 6,866 6,853 7,113 8,744 6,619 6,635 n.a. n.a. n.a.
Manufactured Products
(Not Elsewhere Specified) 31,348 27,164 27,492 27,930 27,165 29,863 31,408 n.a. n.a. n.a.
Services (includes Agriculture) 69,071 86,428 78,275 84,452 91,191 96,895 93,575 n.a. n.a. n.a.
Total 458,165 477,530 426,084 450,913 476,490 483,470 484,675 n.a. n.a. n.a.

Gross Export Earnings (f.o.b.), Rs. Mn.
Food, Beverages and Tobacco Products

38,136 35,277 30,790 34,234 40,442 43,291 44,871 41,342 47,999 55,643
Textile, Wearing Apparel and
Leather Products 260,179 278,120 298,207 373,463 393,442 460,123 542,877 557,370 608,632 657,314
Wood and Wood Products 3,678 2,268 4,926 6,031 6,979 7,065 6,904 6,160 6,228 7,648
Paper, Paper Products, Printing
and Publishing 3,875 3,586 4,160 5,805 6,506 5,165 7,684 6,968 6,819 9,602
Chemicals, Petroleum, Coal, Rubber
and Plastic Products 80,953 52,383 74,065 110,426 118,088 124,374 140,818 124,712 138,043 156,679
Non-Metallic Mineral Products 16,195 9,679 13,123 19,379 22,832 26,897 30,638 24,277 22,199 20,493
Fabricated Metal, Machinery and
Transport Equipment 18,493 13,385 17,482 17,871 17,548 17,561 16,692 14,487 17,296 22,518
Manufactured Products
(Not Elsewhere Specified) 39,625 35,089 43,132 45,386 48,988 49,071 56,949 58,179 62,727 76,712
Services and Infrastructure 36,537 22,085 30,681 40,953 42,008 40,400 56,205 64,476 73,406 82,941
Total 497,671 451,872 516,566 653,548 696,833 773,947 903,638 897,971 983,349
1,089,550
(a) Revised Source : Board of Investment of Sri Lanka

(b) Provisional
66
PRICES AND WAGES
Table 7.1
Consumer Price Indices 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Colombo Consumers’
Price Index (2002=100)(a)
All Items 199.9 206.8 219.1
Percentage Change 22.6 3.4 5.9
Sub Indices
Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages 213.3 219.2 234.2
Clothing and Footwear 154.8 165.3 176.6
Housing, Water, Electricity,
Gas and Other Fuels 226.8 227.5 235.3
Furnishing, H/H Equipment and Routine
Household Maintenance 154.1 168.0 176.4
Health 163.2 194.8 227.8
Transport 240.3 238.8 240.7
Communication 100.0 107.0 109.4
Recreation and Culture 128.3 161.8 168.7
Education 141.0 152.0 171.3
Miscellaneous Goods and Services 156.3 168.5 180.7

Colombo Consumer
Price Index (2006/07=100)(b)(c)
All Items 129.2 133.6 141.9 151.5 162.9 174.2 179.9 181.5 188.3
Percentage Change 3.5 6.2 6.7 7.6 6.9 3.3 0.9 3.7
Sub Indices
Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages 144.0 148.5 158.8 172.7 180.9 195.2 202.5 212.4 221.7
Clothing and Footwear 112.5 122.0 130.2 147.6 162.1 170.8 171.4 195.3 207.7
Gas and Other Fuels 114.0 115.1 119.2 124.4 136.4 151.0 152.7 138.2 138.0
Household Maintenance 113.0 122.5 128.0 133.8 142.7 148.5 151.9 164.4 170.7
Health 150.4 184.7 233.9 240.3 247.5 251.7 273.1 311.4 345.6
Transport 141.7 138.4 139.7 149.6 181.9 190.2 198.9 182.9 187.1
Communication 82.6 88.2 90.3 90.3 90.3 90.3 93.9 94.0 100.5
Recreation and Culture 116.1 122.7 131.8 139.0 144.6 150.4 153.8 161.6 166.9
Education 110.3 120.7 135.9 140.6 141.2 142.6 143.3 148.1 155.2
Miscellaneous Goods and Services 113.3 122.4 126.3 131.1 136.5 142.2 146.8 154.2 160.8

Colombo Consumer
Price Index (2013=100)(d)
All Items 105.1 107.4 111.7 119.0
Sub Indices
Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages 104.3 110.0 116.7 127.5
Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco 111.1 127.3 153.8 186.0
Clothing and Footwear 100.9 111.9 119.2 126.3
Gas and Other Fuels 108.9 110.3 110.1 110.2
Household Maintenance 102.2 107.5 107.8 118.0
Health 104.1 111.7 126.0 144.2
Transport 101.7 91.1 92.9 96.9
Communication 103.5 103.5 110.0 119.8
Recreation and Culture 101.4 105.3 107.4 109.9
Education 103.6 107.4 112.8 129.0
Restaurants and Hotels 101.2 104.5 107.2 116.4
Miscellaneous Goods and Services 101.5 103.5 118.5 134.0
(a) Discontinued from June 2011. Sources : Department of Census and Statistics
(b) The rebased CCPI (2006/07=100) has replaced CCPI (2002=100) from June 2011. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(c) Discontinued from January 2017.
(d) The rebased CCPI (2013=100) has replaced CCPI (2006/07=100) from January 2017.
67
PRICES AND WAGES
Table 7.2
Consumer Price Indices – National Consumer Price Index 2015 – 2017
Item 2015 2016 2017
National Consumer Price Index (2013=100)

All Items 109.5 113.8 122.6
Sub Indices
Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages 110.7 114.1 127.0
Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco 129.8 158.5 175.6
Clothing and Footwear 110.5 114.5 118.2
Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels 114.7 114.8 115.8
Household Maintenance 108.7 113.1 119.0
Health 114.8 128.0 140.7
Transport 92.8 97.6 103.3
Communication 103.8 110.9 121.2
Recreation and Culture 106.4 109.4 111.3
Education 112.3 115.0 119.8
Restaurants and Hotels 104.8 106.7 110.7
Miscellaneous Goods and Services 103.8 114.8 127.4
Source : Department of Census and Statistics
Table 7.3
Producer’s Price Index 2015 – 2017
2013 Q4 = 100
Item 2015 2016 2017(a)
All Items 105.3 107.1 125.3
Agriculture 121.8 120.4 162.7

Growing of crops & cereals; Farming of animals 121.8 120.4 162.7
Manufacturing 100.4 103.7 109.2

Manufacture of food products and beverages 98.7 107.6 127.7
Manufacture of tobacco products 111.9 136.6 182.4
Manufacture of textiles 97.4 98.5 106.9
Manufacture of wearing apparel, dressing, and dyeing of fur 110.3 113.3 119.4
Publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media 101.2 97.0 95.8
Manufacture of coke, refine petroleum products and nuclear fuel 76.6 59.8 74.1
Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products 98.3 96.0 95.7
Manufacture of rubber and plastics 93.1 91.8 91.5
Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products 104.0 110.5 109.2
Manufacture of basic metals 97.6 96.2 101.1
Manufacture of electrical machinery and apparatus n.e.c. 104.7 109.1 108.9
Manufacture of other transport equipment 103.7 102.1 105.3
Manufacture of furniture, Manufacturing n.e.c. 102.6 105.5 117.6
Electricity and Water Supply 87.6 84.8 84.9

Electricity 86.3 82.8 83.2
Collection, purification and distribution of water 99.6 103.9 101.3

Note: n.e.c. – Not elsewhere classified
68
PRICES AND WAGES
Table 7.4
Colombo Consumers’ Price Index 1958 – 2007
1952 = 100
Year All Items Change, % Food Clothing Fuel & Light Rent Miscellaneous
1958 105.0 2.1 105.8 87.5 101.0 101.5 113.1

1959 105.2 0.2 104.7 92.1 102.4 101.5 115.3
1960 103.5 -1.6 100.8 95.1 102.7 101.5 117.5
1961 104.8 1.3 99.8 103.9 104.4 101.5 122.8
1962 106.3 1.4 100.9 108.2 105.6 101.5 124.9
1963 108.8 2.4 103.0 118.2 103.0 101.5 126.6
1964 112.2 3.1 106.4 127.2 103.2 101.5 129.3
1965 112.5 0.3 107.3 126.7 100.7 101.5 128.3
1966 112.3 -0.2 109.1 117.3 95.9 101.5 127.3
1967 114.8 2.2 112.7 116.7 96.4 101.5 128.9
1968 121.5 5.8 121.2 120.1 103.2 101.5 133.6
1969 130.5 7.4 127.9 130.8 124.9 108.4 147.1
1970 138.2 5.9 136.6 137.3 136.1 109.8 153.2
1971 141.9 2.7 139.1 145.0 140.8 109.8 159.5
1972 150.9 6.3 147.5 163.5 145.9 109.8 169.5
1973 165.4 9.6 166.2 186.1 164.4 109.8 169.8
1974 185.8 12.3 189.7 204.6 220.9 109.8 178.3
1975 198.3 6.7 204.3 208.2 237.0 109.8 191.9
1976 200.7 1.2 202.1 211.7 265.2 109.8 203.8
1977 203.2 1.2 203.3 223.8 257.5 109.8 208.4
1978 227.8 12.1 237.5 226.2 262.1 109.8 224.8
1979 252.3 10.8 263.3 231.2 328.5 109.8 252.4
1980 318.2 26.1 339.7 239.9 563.9 109.8 293.8
1981 375.4 18.0 399.6 257.8 767.9 109.8 345.7
1982 416.1 10.8 450.4 273.8 816.4 109.8 377.1
1983 474.2 14.0 506.3 291.1 1,087.6 109.8 433.7
1984 553.1 16.6 598.0 307.5 1,282.7 109.8 496.9
1985 561.2 1.5 598.4 324.2 1,332.1 109.8 524.4
1986 606.0 8.0 641.4 374.5 1,347.6 109.8 599.7
1987 652.8 7.7 697.0 400.9 1,358.7 109.8 650.7
1988 744.1 14.0 802.0 419.8 1,535.1 109.8 742.6
1989 830.2 11.6 884.6 490.0 1,718.9 109.8 860.1
1990 1,008.6 21.5 1,090.9 610.2 1,934.2 109.8 1,021.0
1991 1,131.5 12.2 1,220.3 678.4 2,252.2 109.8 1,146.0
1992 1,260.4 11.4 1,366.0 723.6 2,334.3 109.8 1,318.7
1993 1,408.4 11.7 1,519.4 782.7 2,730.0 109.8 1,490.4
1994 1,527.4 8.4 1,654.1 795.7 3,131.6 109.8 1,578.7
1995 1,644.6 7.7 1,768.1 803.9 3,322.4 109.8 1,800.6
1996 1,906.7 15.9 2,107.6 821.8 3,591.6 109.8 1,994.7
1997 2,089.1 9.6 2,336.9 844.0 3,739.8 109.8 2,157.8
1998 2,284.9 9.4 2,592.1 852.3 3,872.8 109.8 2,319.9
1999 2,392.1 4.7 2,695.4 863.3 3,929.7 109.8 2,558.1
2000 2,539.8 6.2 2,815.8 872.9 4,660.9 109.8 2,802.4
2001 2,899.4 14.2 3,244.7 909.6 5,328.9 109.8 3,131.1
2002 3,176.4 9.6 3,589.9 950.5 5,795.8 109.8 3,327.9
2003 3,377.0 6.3 3,798.4 974.4 6,674.6 109.8 3,497.5
2004 3,632.8 7.6 4,096.2 984.0 7,315.3 109.8 3,726.4
2005 4,055.5 11.6 4,590.6 1,026.7 8,303.0 109.8 4,098.4
2006 4,610.8 13.7 5,198.7 1,067.2 10,641.8 109.8 4,482.6
2007 5,416.1 17.5 6,143.3 1,115.7 13,338.6 109.8 4,978.4
Note : This series was discontinued from May 2008, Source : Department of Census and Statistics
and was replaced by CCPI (2002=100)
69
PRICES AND WAGES
Table 7.5
Average Retail Prices of Selected Consumer Items 2008 – 2017
Rupees
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Rice, kg.
Samba (Highest) 76.19 74.97 75.56 71.82 70.33 71.90 83.83 90.25 95.58 101.58
Par Boiled (Highest) 64.64 63.24 61.37 60.51 60.09 62.04 75.75 76.73 76.69 90.59
Kekulu (Highest) 64.21 61.65 59.41 55.33 56.63 58.33 71.92 74.85 69.60 86.03
Up Country Vegetables, kg
Beans 102.53 90.45 114.91 144.69 125.45 130.31 134.03 195.82 183.39 176.78
Carrot 91.55 90.61 108.24 124.06 121.12 131.03 133.37 182.54 168.30 176.58
Beet Root 87.79 81.79 94.92 103.25 101.88 99.31 104.50 131.40 129.69 125.89
Cabbage 65.52 61.57 76.12 85.24 80.99 87.31 88.57 113.86 115.48 118.60
Leeks 78.71 79.65 101.09 96.23 110.93 115.73 114.69 166.35 143.24 138.26
Low Country Vegetables, kg
Pumpkin 45.14 48.03 52.45 59.84 64.30 63.00 66.70 78.18 84.79 95.77
Brinjals 62.99 54.42 65.32 82.20 76.17 76.83 84.75 101.12 100.96 117.35
Capsicum 127.49 115.61 142.38 164.17 145.18 151.87 161.71 223.61 213.51 229.71
Limes 102.60 102.10 131.70 172.20 198.53 232.59 176.66 237.85 372.38 248.27
Leafy Vegetables
Spinach (Nivithi) (1 kg) 45.11 46.17 48.52 52.80 55.05 59.47 63.16 75.99 81.41 79.64
Mukunuwenna (1 bundle) 13.81 15.16 16.00 18.14 19.35 20.71 21.52 24.11 26.35 27.58
Kan-kun (1 bundle) 12.92 14.10 14.67 16.79 17.94 19.73 20.60 23.09 25.16 26.30
Gotukola (1 bundle) 13.43 14.60 15.43 17.87 18.39 19.34 20.17 22.38 25.04 26.39
Katuru Murunga (1 bundle) 13.87 14.89 15.10 17.00 18.08 19.83 20.50 22.52 24.87 26.23
Yams, kg
Potatoes 80.15 89.81 96.12 108.12 110.60 117.42 121.26 125.96 134.74 145.90
Manioc 35.81 35.71 37.25 47.21 49.85 50.44 52.92 56.99 61.62 72.59
Sweet Potatoes 44.24 46.63 51.08 58.34 59.68 64.33 66.75 80.59 82.27 85.23
Meat and Eggs, kg
Beef (without bones) 330.67 365.14 395.96 415.97 441.15 472.24 497.29 539.55 650.60 747.09
Mutton (with bones) 623.07 694.21 737.39 780.93 897.75 1,056.37 1,139.17 1,245.27 1,432.51 1,655.50
Chicken (Ordinary) 302.99 332.38 398.70 383.09 389.88 411.82 420.27 458.79 496.94 498.80
Eggs (Farm) 10.05 10.08 14.45 13.00 11.81 14.56 13.55 14.94 16.19 14.19
Sea Fish, kg
Seer – Thora 678.75 722.10 728.45 834.87 926.20 1,007.71 1,030.13 1,070.95 1,173.76 1,221.96
Trevally – Paraw 484.64 520.41 541.10 590.58 642.99 675.48 697.23 725.97 770.46 815.75
Skip Jack – Balaya 367.34 407.04 426.47 459.32 492.82 509.80 528.05 559.38 601.10 596.02
Tuna – Kelawalla 473.67 519.24 548.30 595.06 650.00 680.70 711.20 753.22 802.07 850.57
Shark – Mora 371.95 408.60 434.21 479.71 519.06 556.55 579.23 603.51 645.76 675.38
Sardine – Salaya 144.34 150.34 156.62 161.25 170.06 182.54 177.25 181.92 195.82 201.18
Dried Fish, kg
Seer – Thora 666.60 738.95 772.39 839.36 982.49 1,092.87 1,117.16 1,140.73 1,213.61 1,256.88
Shark – Mora 487.41 543.70 594.39 656.48 753.77 834.35 861.14 889.07 941.71 978.26
Skip Jack – Balaya 407.84 451.81 486.28 543.61 623.65 662.20 693.03 717.22 747.16 740.10
Queen Fish – Kattawa 611.22 688.23 704.76 767.34 862.98 919.32 944.45 971.34 1,040.80 1,078.03
Sprats 309.84 330.62 316.24 325.07 388.08 578.03 495.14 493.22 573.50 613.53
Canned and Preserved Fish, (425g)
Tinned Fish (Delmege) 160.51 199.14 193.94 220.42 233.49 240.87 242.87 236.58 224.58 205.78
Tinned Fish (Captain/Classic) 160.51 199.14 196.50 232.88 229.66 232.61 233.99 217.97 190.12 186.56
Tinned Fish (Other) 154.12 198.16 172.62 198.71 197.51 201.04 193.77 153.25 148.49 146.76
Pulses, kg
Green Gram 134.00 132.86 205.81 198.10 224.37 271.56 299.73 252.11 228.94 234.31
Dhal – Mysore 189.99 133.85 164.28 149.25 142.57 153.58 161.37 181.88 183.29 167.56
Dhal – Kadala(b) 130.43 124.86 112.54 141.23 143.08 151.57 156.10 171.01 184.51 202.54
Cowpea (Best) 124.22 130.38 171.47 203.80 220.78 238.17 217.98 236.06 239.38 272.66
Condiments, kg
Dried Chillies 214.57 214.79 202.22 275.01 231.48 228.00 230.85 275.76 349.26 259.07
Pepper 492.40 482.40 498.00 781.70 1,237.63 1,076.80 1,320.54 1,489.80 1,594.28 1,510.30
Tamarind 119.40 113.80 136.20 242.80 219.35 215.00 228.13 274.19 305.56 349.61
Coriander 313.50 297.70 294.10 282.80 268.42 285.40 369.17 329.38 309.91 290.63
Turmeric (Dried) 285.70 342.20 763.10 824.00 672.52 689.93 687.19 671.18 677.69 692.04
Garlic 100.60 109.60 286.30 226.00 216.59 227.85 201.42 234.92 368.89 396.10
Washed Salt (1 Pkt) 32.89 34.49 33.22 32.72 32.57 33.07 34.58 34.80 55.28 61.13
Chillie Powder (100g) 32.14 33.41 35.18 40.49 40.06 40.21 40.61 43.93 49.87 48.80
Raw Ginger 265.60 293.90 311.00 290.20 288.32 394.17 526.35 429.88 396.84 702.76
Spices, kg
Red Onion 99.37 101.85 99.81 142.25 108.13 171.87 102.46 125.91 123.39 236.50
Cummin Seed 478.20 473.90 521.00 562.30 593.62 638.91 642.11 638.42 661.80 684.64
Fennel Seed 292.30 291.90 310.60 361.70 383.33 388.76 386.79 411.29 434.90 466.84
Mathe Seed 197.90 213.40 230.80 232.20 255.90 273.97 288.28 306.02 321.43 321.93
Cinnamon Quills 863.20 906.60 972.70 1,151.10 1,551.40 1,817.27 1,810.70 1,890.27 2,021.74 2,394.81
Coconut
Coconut (Medium), each 28.68 22.03 30.48 36.41 29.61 40.17 40.05 45.30 39.70 61.46
Coconut Oil, 750 ml 185.70 139.50 173.44 211.75 174.18 197.67 210.77 203.17 209.20 265.28
Contd.
70
PRICES AND WAGES
Table 7.5 (Contd.)

Average Retail Prices of Selected Consumer Items 2008 – 2017
Rupees
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Fruits, each
Pineapple (1 kg) 85.35 87.56 106.51 112.25 114.37 112.51 110.73 121.20 150.04 178.73
Banana – Kolikuttu (1 kg) 95.93 101.41 128.36 129.08 129.74 133.64 125.51 145.06 176.87 197.44
Banana – Ambul (1 kg) 45.56 46.25 56.41 55.33 57.73 61.70 57.51 63.90 74.84 99.01
Papaw (1 kg) 42.21 51.80 51.41 58.46 61.51 63.64 61.38 84.30 83.79 79.66
Milk Food and Beverages
Fresh Milk (Dairy), 750 ml 49.90 52.77 54.44 59.14 65.36 69.97 73.12 76.96 81.70 84.98
Tea (BOP) (1 kg) 592.50 648.20 729.90 789.00 822.45 936.64 1,024.85 1,122.02 1,145.63 1,222.04
Coffee Powder (1 kg) 982.50 1,033.10 1,113.60 1,113.00 1,138.66 1,156.55 1,177.64 1,179.13 1,295.63 1,643.99
Lakspray (400g) 268.61 243.39 227.43 249.71 289.11 316.96 379.40 329.76 324.78 324.70
Anchor (400g) 274.15 258.60 234.46 256.46 300.37 324.67 379.77 330.27 324.58 324.26
Lactogen (half) (400g) 301.26 315.27 316.65 333.49 372.38 402.19 460.73 464.95 464.91 480.71
Lactogen (full) (400g) 274.72 275.21 278.54 299.48 343.60 415.72 439.73 440.01 439.93 458.78
Nespray (400g) 274.45 257.25 233.00 253.96 296.46 323.59 371.93 330.03 324.85 319.17
Milk Maid (397g) 122.16 128.66 133.18 145.14 173.71 184.59 188.53 195.42 206.93 214.22
Ice-Cream (Highland), 1 Litre 143.53 145.53 168.27 177.77 208.87 229.16 238.95 240.31 244.02 249.13

Tobacco and Tobacco Products, each
Chewing Tobacco – Jaffna 52.70 55.25 55.55 56.15 58.44 62.14 63.86 61.96 66.43 75.53
Cigarettes – Bristol 12.69 13.97 14.88 16.67 18.81 20.45 – 20.01 24.66 34.99
Clothing
Sarongs, each 268.76 282.98 302.19 347.69 388.15 414.36 434.48 442.05 448.36 476.09
Sarees, each 762.35 820.10 875.31 983.65 1,059.61 1,196.00 1,277.28 1,315.66 1,507.25 1,644.90
Soap, tablet
Sunlight (each) 26.20 27.05 27.00 28.83 33.95 36.90 39.60 40.00 40.87 43.83
Sovereign Bar, Bar Soap (each) 162.88 186.82 180.59 184.05 194.58 209.85 233.25 239.11 242.19 256.80
Kohomba (each) 29.80 32.00 32.22 33.61 36.78 38.71 40.35 41.00 42.64 50.59
Signal Toothpaste – med. (65g) 46.87 52.28 52.84 54.68 59.62 63.13 67.15 70.00 70.00 73.26
Fuel and Light
Kerosene, 1 litre 73.29 51.19 51.38 59.65 103.73 107.25 99.82 61.70 54.13 48.97
Fire Wood, 50 kg 317.99 314.12 349.78 361.75 401.73 437.01 454.24 452.79 510.97 517.08
Safety Matches, Each 2.90 3.37 3.89 4.07 4.48 4.95 4.98 5.00 5.18 5.62
LP Gas (Cylinder – 13 kg) 1,762.78 1,510.32 1,689.10 1,931.28 2,254.27 2,458.32 2,381.84 1,628.03 1,413.51 1,416.70
Batteries (Each)
Batteries (Laxapahana) 41.44 42.80 47.27 48.21 49.57 56.27 58.26 66.14 70.88 75.65
Batteries (Eveready) 43.49 45.80 50.54 50.50 51.78 59.47 59.99 61.56 64.24 67.83
Candles (each) 3.66 4.01 4.41 5.03 5.40 5.94 5.72 5.96 6.89 7.57
Bakery Products
Bread (loaf) 37.40 37.44 40.16 48.80 55.17 59.46 59.74 53.87 56.64 57.71
Cereal Preparations
(bought from outside)
Hopper (each) 8.41 9.05 9.47 10.36 11.07 11.56 11.84 11.09 11.60 12.38
String Hopper (each) 2.28 2.35 2.60 2.85 3.02 3.22 3.28 3.23 3.46 3.70
Other Cereal Preparation
Wheat Flour (1 kg) 73.70 71.40 69.75 83.56 91.07 98.05 98.07 86.29 90.20 89.89
Kurakkan Flour (400g) – – 60.00 62.04 88.53 126.63 131.49 132.70 136.24 143.85
Rice Flour (400g)(c) 39.39 39.39 45.96 45.47 47.61 49.28 49.96 52.20 105.70 120.12
Fats & Oil
Soya Oil (Turkey) (1 Ltr) 443.57 491.82 515.21 524.95 569.75 679.17 674.42 681.33 642.34 611.80
Margarine (Astra) (250g) 103.01 118.54 121.35 134.41 149.70 168.84 182.96 189.12 193.33 206.66
Butter (Anchor) 217.55 248.57 259.61 300.83 313.20 342.10 459.57 494.99 494.80 501.15
Butter (Highland) 144.55 152.09 162.30 195.10 242.51 251.04 250.36 272.17 332.68 368.14
Sugar
Sugar (White) (1 kg) 63.19 78.61 93.79 97.37 100.63 102.37 101.95 86.92 100.14 106.73
Preserved Food
Papadam (1 Pkt) 21.45 22.75 26.73 32.02 35.83 39.99 39.24 41.15 42.44 46.57
Jam (Woodapple) MD (485g) 149.26 164.74 187.60 197.69 220.68 252.06 274.54 296.53 317.37 331.84
Jam (Woodapple) Kist (454g) 152.45 175.98 178.20 187.77 213.80 233.48 253.37 276.70 296.62 322.72
Marmite (115g) 179.45 200.44 203.77 212.92 237.51 228.24 233.15 256.13 266.93 291.20
Dates (1 kg) 160.65 192.47 206.04 215.12 223.98 271.84 315.44 340.60 388.82 437.59
Soya Meat (Lanka Soy) (90g) 40.18 44.15 45.67 46.39 48.35 54.85 57.85 61.47 62.68 64.82
Non-Alcoholic Beverages
Orange Barley (400 ml) 27.47 29.36 29.88 31.21 35.11 39.46 44.05 45.01 46.77 49.54
Fanta/Coca Cola (300 ml) 27.52 30.15 30.01 31.31 35.55 40.41 44.05 45.01 46.29 49.30
Plain Tea (1 Cup) 9.61 10.23 10.73 11.13 11.85 13.63 14.37 12.56 13.63 14.95

(b) Yellow Imported
(c) Unit was changed from 400g to 1 kg. in 2016.
71
PRICES AND WAGES
Table 7.6
Average Retail Prices of Selected Food Items by Provinces 2016 and 2017
Rs. per kg.
North North Sabara- All

Item Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva
2016
Ash Plantains 109.05 103.03 94.04 69.48 95.61 88.58 82.59 100.22 89.41 94.52
Beans 184.12 168.08 195.18 186.95 183.69 197.59 183.86 175.51 165.75 183.39
Cabbage 123.46 104.90 122.86 116.25 115.60 120.05 115.88 98.43 104.63 115.48
Carrot 166.68 162.31 174.88 170.31 176.10 180.08 177.55 150.47 147.00 168.30
Pumpkin 88.90 91.46 99.81 65.78 77.63 78.66 79.77 89.68 76.89 84.79
Snake gourd 115.87 94.69 105.80 82.24 97.08 101.91 90.52 98.94 89.32 99.91
Brinjals 106.50 103.49 94.44 97.61 109.30 105.24 93.32 102.37 88.36 100.96
Tomatoes 124.22 108.05 114.67 117.59 107.39 124.34 115.42 100.92 103.79 115.06
Rice (Samba) 93.00 96.02 104.13 93.45 99.02 87.74 89.95 103.18 97.48 95.58
Rice (Kekulu) 69.51 72.97 61.78 69.22 70.43 73.11 74.33 65.15 71.44 69.60
Red Onions 127.68 124.87 126.55 106.23 125.26 121.56 122.29 138.51 119.94 123.39
Big Onions 90.04 84.94 84.17 91.18 93.86 92.09 84.19 86.12 86.38 88.14
Potatoes 142.94 136.44 137.08 104.48 135.85 132.56 123.93 140.86 136.15 134.74
Dried Chillies 352.68 363.52 354.45 331.64 349.95 347.94 342.89 339.97 346.83 349.26
Dhal(a) 181.22 184.16 183.15 175.17 183.31 189.40 181.93 196.45 193.95 184.51
Eggs (Farm) (Each) 15.85 16.40 16.28 16.54 16.61 15.50 15.59 17.44 16.23 16.19
Coconut 42.53 40.97 44.48 31.70 39.04 37.72 37.62 39.05 38.42 39.70
Kelawalla 869.50 796.10 867.24 423.75 657.50 782.39 842.66 787.66 731.65 802.07
Balaya 665.04 598.09 685.95 433.90 542.37 580.54 539.31 547.82 578.96 601.10
Salaya 219.71 198.99 202.64 172.90 187.52 193.18 152.13 213.42 188.37 195.82
2017(b)
Ash Plantains 119.44 111.67 99.72 79.23 105.82 97.47 92.68 109.95 99.23 103.29
Beans 184.47 161.80 185.56 184.17 165.49 183.93 182.08 164.47 156.71 176.78
Cabbage 134.48 102.05 131.21 122.78 113.56 112.42 115.77 105.45 101.10 118.60
Carrot 183.55 165.09 182.88 184.75 182.45 174.32 187.51 166.53 140.68 176.58
Pumpkin 100.55 104.65 109.41 71.39 89.02 85.74 98.05 101.32 89.42 95.77
Snake gourd 135.09 107.61 130.64 94.92 105.00 112.84 109.94 114.19 101.39 115.69
Brinjals 125.53 119.59 119.28 120.94 113.17 113.28 109.59 115.54 100.26 117.35
Tomatoes 153.35 134.73 139.97 141.54 144.08 134.96 140.32 127.02 122.59 140.00
Rice (Samba) 99.55 102.15 104.18 102.09 106.07 98.30 97.62 105.86 102.07 101.58
Rice (Kekulu) 85.83 88.57 81.02 88.37 84.72 89.19 86.72 83.32 86.55 86.03
Red Onions 251.81 239.24 272.21 196.29 211.90 226.65 231.02 263.12 232.50 236.50
Big Onions 123.19 118.22 113.46 120.08 113.68 122.49 118.85 117.45 128.14 119.02
Potatoes 156.97 146.00 148.99 114.42 147.06 138.94 136.48 151.53 151.64 145.90
Dried Chillies 258.41 257.56 252.43 255.42 296.46 260.32 249.68 265.29 246.60 259.07
Dhal(a) 190.05 204.47 211.01 206.50 198.70 202.32 191.26 217.46 208.40 202.54
Eggs (Farm) (Each) 13.73 14.13 13.97 15.17 14.48 13.76 13.83 15.81 13.84 14.19
Coconut 63.75 65.67 63.74 52.30 66.29 55.46 58.51 65.83 59.79 61.46
Kelawalla 956.10 864.42 871.19 449.26 723.28 793.11 872.34 861.82 795.26 850.57
Balaya 664.86 591.02 645.90 421.99 599.73 571.48 495.62 572.21 607.08 596.02
Salaya 221.99 209.65 208.77 188.46 204.55 187.37 148.32 223.99 195.88 201.18
(a) Yellow Imported Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka

(b) Provisional
72
PRICES AND WAGES
Table 7.7
Average Producer Prices of Selected Items 2008 – 2017
Rupees
Commodity 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Paddy, kg. 32.99 34.37 31.55 31.09 31.37 33.22 41.12 41.12 38.58 49.07
Up Country Vegetables, kg
Beans 59.41 58.79 69.67 98.28 72.98 77.40 83.01 125.74 117.10 112.18
Carrot 52.70 55.63 65.42 67.60 68.95 80.39 81.57 119.69 108.78 112.28
Beet Root 50.03 50.49 58.43 60.07 58.09 59.79 61.02 79.52 82.20 75.26
Low Country Vegetables, kg
Pumpkin (Red) 21.72 24.92 27.30 31.28 33.26 31.85 34.83 39.32 43.76 52.25
Brinjals 38.65 36.58 37.61 47.14 43.72 43.39 48.72 56.75 57.90 66.28
Curry Chillies 77.01 78.21 95.01 105.10 90.23 96.36 103.58 151.32 138.73 151.16
Lime 47.83 63.86 59.24 79.48 95.20 116.87 82.46 112.50 207.48 129.57
Yams, kg
Potatoes 50.60 67.48 67.56 79.02 76.52 84.29 88.88 93.80 99.78 113.34
Manioc 20.45 22.27 21.53 27.64 28.11 28.91 30.76 33.29 35.75 43.67
Sweet Potatoes 24.57 26.16 29.19 34.02 35.07 36.06 37.74 46.30 47.95 49.65
Eggs (Farm), each 8.68 9.53 12.25 11.09 10.03 12.46 11.77 12.88 14.19 12.47
Sea Fish, kg
Seer – Thora 420.19 439.74 449.98 545.93 576.01 644.24 653.12 723.43 793.22 811.22
Trevally – Paraw 317.87 323.31 351.59 397.06 434.63 461.19 460.25 504.49 550.80 590.65
Skip Jack – Balaya 234.67 258.54 268.19 280.32 307.59 309.61 324.29 357.21 391.65 378.12
Tuna – Kelawalla 283.23 302.32 325.60 349.66 412.90 432.85 453.41 478.90 498.73 535.85
Shark – Mora 246.83 258.88 269.75 316.23 368.11 380.00 392.24 425.64 477.22 509.09
Sardine – Salaya 69.53 73.90 78.84 86.18 95.06 105.59 106.39 104.61 108.22 114.88
Dried Fish, kg
Seer – Thora 553.47 551.67 518.86 620.08 656.36 649.58 728.71 713.94 829.77 852.67
Shark – Mora 317.74 355.98 367.29 484.82 546.90 574.06 605.48 587.08 675.51 667.78
Skip Jack – Balaya 308.58 342.88 358.86 434.15 521.88 530.56 532.47 537.25 567.16 553.04
Queen Fish – Kattawa 488.86 493.33 514.05 610.16 676.04 657.36 649.95 673.45 724.25 780.91
Sprats 249.15 261.90 244.17 264.78 310.92 509.71 454.87 397.16 446.72 502.07
Pulses, kg
Green Gram 96.53 106.06 154.68 157.88 169.99 199.71 225.81 197.38 182.81 183.23
Cowpea MI 35 (White) 85.41 99.15 121.26 145.81 156.31 165.68 145.94 161.71 162.21 177.87
Sorghum 50.61 64.08 66.90 73.67 85.76 120.00 130.19 137.86 138.13 139.77
Curry Stuff, kg
Dried Chillies 178.81 183.97 171.48 216.89 180.49 183.47 188.51 217.68 264.25 210.62
Pepper 322.56 305.33 329.44 607.81 848.93 749.72 987.07 1,072.10 1,177.48 931.54
Turmeric (Dried) 120.30 136.70 299.72 344.56 249.10 274.58 308.75 227.89 262.40 304.06
Spices, kg
Red Onion 58.62 60.74 64.11 87.97 64.14 108.94 66.55 75.66 74.29 136.14
Cloves 465.79 457.26 504.23 1203.42 1,184.32 1,181.60 1,361.98 1,052.26 1,041.66 990.03
Cardamom 1,342.59 1,753.85 3,038.98 2,706.62 1,697.18 1,978.62 1,808.33 1,544.86 1,569.59 2,044.35
Cinnamon Quills 614.20 581.41 666.73 824.66 954.16 1,006.07 1,060.19 1,132.31 1,345.09 1,598.12
Coconut
Coconut, each 22.99 18.43 23.82 28.73 22.79 31.14 31.22 34.66 29.19 47.33
Copra, 250 kg 23,201.22 19,835.54 26,472.00 31,555.86 26,215.38 33,064.98 34,682.00 33,912.33 32,511.68 42,567.42
Coconut Charcoal, 50 kg 1,090.41 1,222.62 1,386.10 1,887.85 1,915.84 2,133.45 2,369.95 2,254.63 2,250.67 2,356.41
Fruits, 50 kg
Pineapple 2,118.27 2,164.39 2,681.14 2,989.39 3,031.14 2,735.75 2,723.10 2,868.93 3,354.61 4,382.65
Banana – Kolikuttu 2,745.85 3,152.49 3,627.08 3,751.90 3,750.80 4,014.56 3,747.69 4,196.37 5,139.15 5,766.30
Banana – Ambul 1,202.64 1,408.59 1,550.12 1,485.01 1,535.76 1,700.80 1,567.22 1,696.99 1,975.24 2,636.28
Betel and Arecanut, 1,000
Betel 717.16 723.89 810.30 951.81 838.08 857.22 923.41 1,214.12 1,792.10 1,192.29
Arecanut (Seasoned) 1,134.53 1,016.98 1,320.27 1,606.06 1,301.06 1,373.92 1,715.34 2,399.38 2,435.48 1,913.21
Jaggery and Treacle
Coconut Jaggery, kg 145.71 150.51 144.46 188.04 203.40 229.51 211.61 208.62 238.46 219.35
Coconut Treacle, 750 ml 142.73 177.12 201.09 201.06 254.58 271.16 278.15 289.51 307.06 318.00
Coffee Seed, kg 225.33 212.03 218.22 237.16 248.55 223.33 224.52 241.14 332.69 410.10
Cocoa, kg 133.87 185.22 258.23 317.33 283.59 193.72 236.22 248.36 301.06 300.76
Tea Leaves, kg 95.72 80.90 55.23 54.40 55.47 61.42 69.12 63.69 64.93 88.94
Building Materials
Bricks, 1,000 4,921.60 5,319.82 5,693.01 6,504.33 10,317.25 11,423.24 11,436.49 12,229.93 14,054.92 15,010.47
Sand, cube 3,632.82 3,681.88 3,630.87 4,271.69 4,714.20 4,999.73 4,946.45 5,111.19 5,967.74 7,788.08
Metal ¾”, cube 4,932.82 5,248.48 5,195.31 5,541.74 6,243.18 6,577.43 6,501.87 6,387.03 6,643.85 6,903.74

73
PRICES AND WAGES
Table 7.8
Average Producer Prices of Selected Food Items by Provinces 2016 and 2017
Rs. per kg.

2016
Ash Plantains 52.03 61.98 45.68 40.82 50.14 45.38 45.76 53.96 47.91 47.97
Pumpkins – 51.75 74.07 37.90 42.38 37.90 41.16 42.89 49.23 43.76
Snake gourd 67.64 60.22 61.22 51.85 55.94 58.64 45.59 50.91 56.67 55.47
Brinjals 64.04 60.31 55.38 64.21 65.26 57.22 48.51 56.30 46.47 57.90
Beans – 116.16 – 125.00 – – 115.00 110.37 132.92 117.10
Cabbages – 57.63 – 70.10 – 43.40 40.00 62.42 – 59.81
Carrot – 106.61 – 155.28 – – – 102.87 98.96 108.78
Tomatoes – 60.55 – 74.63 60.14 66.17 49.15 59.36 83.75 63.70
Dried Chillies – 284.25 – 278.16 248.13 265.50 233.52 – – 264.25
Potatoes – 104.77 – 78.33 – – – 103.57 – 99.78
Red Onions – 84.42 – 72.51 81.20 69.02 81.25 – – 74.29
Big Onions – 72.80 – 71.63 – – 61.00 – – 70.60
Eggs (Farm) (100 Nos.) 1,438.64 1,433.93 1,434.08 1,421.13 1,447.85 1,376.40 1,228.03 1,501.24 1,452.72 1,418.73
Paraw 658.58 – 551.07 463.27 616.80 436.81 – – – 550.80
Balaya 443.47 – 378.85 278.42 433.10 304.17 – – – 391.65
Kelawalla 626.21 – 472.68 254.44 483.22 455.27 – – – 498.73
Salaya 92.67 – 134.78 101.04 119.93 105.59 – – – 108.22
2017(a)
Ash Plantains 61.81 71.04 47.96 47.64 55.83 49.33 53.06 58.10 54.92 53.98
Pumpkins 85.00 63.97 77.97 41.01 46.64 44.60 53.67 54.44 63.83 52.25
Snake gourd 79.07 71.42 84.74 57.19 58.61 68.05 56.37 61.67 80.71 66.11
Brinjals 67.11 76.22 65.65 77.55 65.82 60.21 56.37 64.81 61.50 66.28
Beans – 107.20 – 117.00 – – 80.00 107.83 136.67 112.18
Cabbages – 60.28 – 56.76 – 31.10 32.31 62.85 – 55.52
Carrot – 113.26 – 119.29 – – – 113.30 101.05 112.28
Tomatoes – 84.74 – 100.63 – 74.64 62.14 79.92 124.74 83.22
Dried Chillies – – – 217.13 194.00 208.46 202.38 – – 210.62
Potatoes – 115.93 – 85.17 – – – 116.47 – 113.34
Red Onions – 109.20 – 134.34 147.31 152.15 158.75 – – 136.14
Big Onions – 74.00 – 101.20 – – 55.71 – – 94.30
Eggs (Farm) (100 Nos.) 1,247.87 1,257.96 1,225.20 1,306.99 1,268.58 1,205.73 1,147.28 1,303.97 1,229.75 1,246.99
Paraw 727.57 – 547.21 490.13 716.23 463.85 – – – 590.65
Balaya 423.18 – 329.55 300.00 467.54 302.39 – – – 378.12
Kelawalla 680.34 – 464.34 332.00 552.34 494.35 – – – 535.85
Salaya 108.65 – 119.38 118.64 131.69 94.44 – – – 114.88

74
PRICES AND WAGES
Table 7.9
Retail Prices of Selected Food Items in Selected Districts 2016
Rs. per kg.
Item District Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ave..
Samba Rice Colombo 96.92 98.43 95.74 93.88 93.61 94.47 95.08 91.16 91.98 91.53 92.83 96.00 94.30
Kandy 93.60 93.40 93.00 91.60 93.10 93.95 93.50 91.95 92.15 93.63 93.89 94.31 93.14
Matara 106.29 110.71 106.88 107.50 103.75 98.83 98.63 101.86 99.38 102.31 99.88 107.44 103.68
Anuradhapura 94.00 90.00 88.54 89.25 88.86 91.18 89.83 89.58 89.00 91.44 92.05 95.11 90.73
Kekulu Rice Colombo 72.83 69.33 66.03 65.53 66.89 67.34 66.30 67.97 68.05 73.13 77.25 83.84 70.28
Kandy 74.25 68.95 68.80 72.20 72.30 70.70 69.30 70.60 69.75 71.13 76.33 83.50 72.11
Matara 62.29 57.79 55.19 55.00 57.31 56.00 55.63 59.71 60.00 65.00 69.44 80.78 61.54
Anuradhapura 76.50 71.46 71.88 70.95 73.00 74.30 73.06 71.75 71.35 73.33 76.05 81.14 73.71
Beans Colombo 195.83 142.50 135.37 161.85 226.94 224.12 180.53 147.19 147.00 182.75 217.40 180.94 178.04
Kandy 200.00 139.00 130.50 152.25 207.50 205.00 172.00 140.00 144.00 156.25 168.89 167.50 165.33
Matara 224.29 142.14 136.88 170.63 228.75 218.33 190.00 175.00 163.57 210.00 237.50 187.78 190.38
Anuradhapura 206.67 155.42 136.04 166.25 225.45 228.18 203.18 176.25 188.00 189.38 177.50 195.00 186.88
Cabbage Colombo 148.89 119.50 105.00 109.15 148.61 175.59 144.21 112.81 97.75 93.30 83.15 84.33 118.03
Kandy 146.50 99.75 98.75 101.50 127.25 162.00 136.00 88.25 82.00 81.88 80.56 86.88 108.65
Matara 149.29 113.57 103.13 112.50 143.75 168.33 143.75 125.00 109.29 98.75 92.50 82.22 118.52
Anuradhapura 145.83 109.58 91.67 102.50 141.82 170.00 153.18 122.08 103.50 100.00 81.00 68.18 116.65
Brinjals Colombo 134.72 98.85 105.00 100.00 145.28 144.12 107.47 89.69 86.75 92.75 92.40 81.88 106.23
Kandy 141.00 94.25 99.00 96.00 126.25 145.50 99.25 79.75 85.00 93.13 81.11 72.50 101.87
Matara 121.43 87.86 85.00 81.25 111.88 137.50 81.25 81.43 78.57 85.00 80.63 70.00 90.55
Anuradhapura 130.00 95.00 102.92 86.00 120.00 136.36 91.82 85.21 78.00 78.75 71.50 67.27 96.25
Pumpkins Colombo 84.41 108.68 80.26 73.75 91.67 116.47 141.84 99.67 83.95 71.75 80.00 82.81 92.58
Kandy 95.75 95.25 76.00 75.00 89.50 116.75 124.75 80.75 77.25 76.25 80.00 90.00 90.09
Matara 88.57 120.00 98.13 92.50 86.25 115.00 132.50 97.14 88.33 95.00 86.25 94.44 99.28
Anuradhapura 90.08 96.25 74.58 66.00 73.64 106.82 135.00 84.38 67.25 68.13 70.50 74.32 84.72
Red Onion Colombo 127.78 103.89 101.39 113.33 158.89 155.00 145.50 111.00 115.00 124.00 143.21 126.88 126.59
Kandy 158.13 111.11 97.78 119.44 140.56 146.67 149.44 103.00 111.25 124.06 121.11 131.07 125.40
Matara 125.00 90.00 86.67 100.67 119.00 140.00 140.00 105.00 120.00 119.17 125.00 118.33 114.97
Anuradhapura 138.13 114.50 99.75 116.67 130.45 164.50 149.50 97.25 113.33 131.11 128.00 123.00 125.47
Big Onion(a) Colombo 87.76 64.79 80.55 92.72 91.42 86.00 85.38 89.84 88.88 87.26 96.99 97.09 87.50
Kandy 73.09 61.13 70.31 78.59 80.59 83.69 85.38 78.63 86.32 87.17 87.64 92.89 80.90
Matara 68.36 54.64 76.07 76.88 79.69 73.75 77.19 78.00 87.84 80.59 87.21 94.75 80.57
Anuradhapura 73.54 75.63 82.40 85.01 84.64 80.56 79.89 86.19 88.58 81.40 86.71 101.13 83.60
Potatoes Colombo 135.00 131.54 120.63 135.50 152.19 165.00 163.17 155.00 133.53 132.63 153.89 173.46 145.61
Kandy 133.25 125.00 119.00 128.00 139.00 150.00 171.30 150.75 128.00 130.63 144.44 150.31 139.05
Matara 115.00 103.00 100.75 116.56 129.06 160.00 171.25 155.00 134.38 124.06 137.50 143.89 134.31
Anuradhapura 100.00 91.39 115.00 120.31 130.75 147.14 144.44 136.39 129.44 125.63 132.50 135.00 125.42
Dried Chillies Colombo 341.67 348.29 350.00 356.58 366.11 367.06 370.25 359.33 365.88 360.75 345.25 322.97 354.88
Kandy 354.50 357.00 365.25 366.50 366.25 364.75 364.44 365.50 350.00 358.75 347.78 319.38 357.30
Matara 346.79 350.71 359.06 357.50 358.75 364.17 362.19 362.50 343.44 357.81 350.00 344.44 354.51
Anuradhapura 333.75 340.42 347.71 352.75 345.00 351.14 351.88 349.58 350.00 347.22 343.25 300.59 342.64
Kelawalla Colombo 819.17 816.39 806.84 873.75 862.33 873.75 877.50 861.67 858.50 855.50 835.00 772.31 843.87
Kandy 779.00 755.50 804.50 745.63 760.50 892.22 800.56 822.50 797.00 721.43 725.56 699.29 778.58
Matara 852.00 836.00 860.83 915.83 969.00 905.00 922.50 917.00 897.50 853.33 877.50 911.43 893.06
Anuradhapura 837.50 795.83 817.27 854.44 880.00 925.00 881.82 892.73 885.00 853.75 908.00 841.82 862.96
Hurulla Colombo 376.56 385.31 402.00 430.56 429.29 454.29 436.25 393.75 415.59 378.53 377.89 393.57 405.51
Kandy 389.00 385.00 382.78 412.78 419.50 393.33 404.29 383.89 399.38 424.29 386.25 408.75 398.77
Matara 408.33 360.00 448.00 435.00 495.00 380.00 380.00 416.67 435.00 444.00 399.00 417.50 425.83
Anuradhapura 364.00 378.13 387.50 385.63 396.67 418.57 381.00 371.11 358.50 368.00 353.89 344.38 374.90
Eggs (Farm) Colombo 16.28 16.05 16.50 17.15 14.97 14.60 16.63 17.53 16.18 13.81 14.34 14.72 15.76
(each) Kandy 16.48 16.31 16.78 18.03 14.98 14.65 16.55 18.25 16.58 13.50 14.03 14.81 15.99
Matara 16.50 16.86 17.31 18.38 14.75 14.67 16.56 19.29 17.06 15.13 14.63 14.89 16.32
Anuradhapura 15.06 15.18 15.98 16.53 14.46 14.38 16.19 17.42 16.39 14.18 13.65 14.68 15.39
Coconut Colombo 45.72 45.05 43.86 43.90 43.53 42.68 39.53 39.56 38.10 41.18 44.10 50.31 43.00
(each) Kandy 45.00 44.00 42.75 42.50 43.61 42.75 41.85 39.15 36.67 38.13 41.67 43.31 41.82
Matara 49.58 49.29 49.38 49.56 47.75 50.00 46.29 45.00 41.36 43.00 46.63 57.22 48.01
Anuradhapura 43.38 40.67 39.42 39.65 38.82 34.75 33.75 31.88 30.85 32.31 34.85 36.86 36.62
(a) Average of local and imported Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
75
PRICES AND WAGES
Table 7.10
Retail Prices of Selected Food Items in Selected Districts 2017(a)
Rs. per kg.
Item District Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ave..
Samba Rice Colombo 97.06 96.21 93.74 95.87 96.50 97.97 97.39 98.44 102.14 105.13 106.46 108.53 99.49
Kandy 99.05 90.78 88.94 91.25 94.00 98.00 98.61 99.20 102.69 104.17 103.67 108.19 98.24
Matara 108.75 106.43 105.00 98.57 102.71 104.13 101.94 105.50 104.44 105.88 103.50 105.44 104.41
Anuradhapura 97.44 90.17 91.80 90.88 93.32 96.75 98.50 98.04 101.59 104.45 106.88 107.55 98.25
Kekulu Rice Colombo 89.31 87.35 81.22 82.77 84.40 85.62 85.32 85.18 87.39 87.60 86.43 88.70 85.96
Kandy 91.30 89.75 79.38 81.75 85.44 89.60 89.78 90.20 91.19 92.11 92.44 94.25 89.05
Matara 89.19 79.79 77.88 76.69 77.43 82.63 78.69 79.88 81.25 82.63 82.38 82.31 80.94
Anuradhapura 87.22 79.75 79.00 78.54 80.55 84.38 86.96 87.79 89.73 91.45 93.13 92.59 86.12
Beans Colombo 111.88 175.86 167.35 228.07 220.27 193.89 161.33 165.28 175.83 180.75 190.00 283.75 187.09
Kandy 92.75 147.50 158.89 162.50 156.11 173.50 155.56 145.25 158.44 150.83 163.06 246.11 158.58
Matara 113.75 170.71 169.38 211.88 179.17 183.13 171.25 185.00 197.50 168.75 183.75 315.63 187.85
Anuradhapura 130.00 180.00 165.25 192.50 198.18 222.08 180.00 197.50 195.45 189.00 172.08 244.09 189.68
Cabbage Colombo 77.81 73.33 75.82 138.00 179.00 158.06 157.00 114.44 123.61 151.25 158.33 169.38 129.94
Kandy 53.75 52.78 62.78 92.19 127.78 150.50 124.44 89.00 96.25 110.83 129.44 143.33 102.78
Matara 74.38 76.25 75.00 120.00 128.33 168.75 141.25 124.38 117.50 140.00 163.13 146.88 122.87
Anuradhapura 50.00 49.50 72.25 124.58 150.91 172.50 140.83 97.92 94.55 146.00 157.08 151.82 119.27
Brinjals Colombo 85.63 95.00 75.29 104.00 136.73 136.94 140.00 138.89 147.65 162.19 167.67 187.50 130.90
Kandy 74.00 77.22 73.33 90.94 125.56 161.50 135.00 122.00 125.63 129.44 151.67 173.89 120.21
Matara 62.50 71.88 62.50 88.75 111.43 131.25 109.38 107.50 123.75 154.38 153.75 187.86 112.98
Anuradhapura 64.00 74.50 55.25 81.04 105.23 135.00 121.88 110.42 124.55 138.00 175.00 167.27 113.86
Pumpkins Colombo 91.06 95.11 100.00 108.00 102.67 128.24 135.67 92.22 81.76 88.75 95.67 94.06 100.79
Kandy 83.50 90.31 87.50 92.19 93.89 133.75 129.72 90.00 100.31 89.17 100.00 106.39 99.95
Matara 85.00 95.00 101.25 107.50 97.14 120.00 141.25 106.25 105.00 101.25 110.63 108.75 106.68
Anuradhapura 76.25 86.67 95.00 101.67 105.00 117.08 131.25 88.33 67.50 103.25 112.08 106.36 99.98
Red Onion Colombo 165.00 148.50 147.27 199.67 285.00 293.89 252.86 220.00 280.83 293.75 364.38 463.75 254.22
Kandy 122.81 133.75 130.56 197.81 255.63 348.06 290.83 195.25 288.13 334.44 347.38 388.75 252.56
Matara 120.00 117.50 140.00 163.75 260.00 310.00 202.50 185.83 215.00 330.00 388.33 432.50 236.44
Anuradhapura 128.33 125.00 131.94 159.17 201.50 281.50 260.00 198.33 284.55 347.00 362.00 352.14 236.76
Big Onion(b) Colombo 97.31 98.13 99.81 101.73 99.43 101.02 108.81 129.40 135.19 141.82 160.98 161.74 119.12
Kandy 93.43 94.81 87.22 89.93 84.92 88.86 96.00 124.28 129.42 128.22 140.75 153.65 112.82
Matara 84.38 88.13 84.06 87.81 85.71 89.38 86.25 126.25 119.69 126.43 151.19 154.53 114.23
Anuradhapura 93.76 93.25 101.43 98.23 98.64 96.65 107.00 122.13 132.31 130.03 154.59 150.95 117.75
Potatoes Colombo 155.83 151.67 138.00 171.67 173.18 166.43 171.54 169.69 160.00 148.93 143.08 156.43 158.49
Kandy 149.35 149.67 129.67 151.44 154.50 157.75 156.94 163.25 152.94 140.56 126.11 131.67 147.16
Matara 140.71 143.57 134.06 157.50 162.14 154.38 158.57 164.17 152.50 140.00 134.38 134.29 147.67
Anuradhapura 121.43 122.50 126.88 132.05 144.00 147.22 147.50 144.69 147.75 139.17 136.00 135.71 137.52
Dried Chillies Colombo 301.72 282.06 287.17 267.00 259.33 261.11 263.14 249.41 263.24 270.36 257.67 260.33 268.51
Kandy 288.50 271.11 258.33 221.88 225.00 216.00 216.94 222.25 234.38 236.67 236.67 251.25 240.09
Matara 340.63 282.50 275.63 226.88 230.00 225.63 215.63 220.00 226.88 233.13 231.25 235.63 245.47
Anuradhapura 316.11 278.25 270.00 251.67 235.00 231.46 228.75 233.13 233.18 240.65 247.92 245.45 249.08
Kelawalla Colombo 856.33 865.33 853.24 918.67 989.33 990.28 985.67 1,039.12 1,009.71 940.63 904.67 993.57 946.67
Kandy 803.00 784.44 815.00 873.13 810.56 841.88 920.71 930.56 842.14 863.75 768.33 883.13 842.03
Matara 933.33 905.00 885.83 903.33 927.50 970.00 860.83 920.00 875.00 880.00 830.00 942.50 903.53
Anuradhapura 868.75 820.00 923.33 865.83 870.56 1,015.50 940.83 908.33 873.64 898.33 827.50 929.09 895.60
Hurulla Colombo 437.00 430.00 434.71 459.33 453.33 482.65 415.71 427.35 427.78 393.33 385.77 415.00 430.98
Kandy 425.56 428.21 435.00 441.88 428.13 497.50 462.22 433.00 400.63 435.63 418.06 421.25 435.60
Matara 460.00 490.00 360.00 485.00 546.67 496.67 463.33 456.00 417.00 415.00 416.00 408.00 449.78
Anuradhapura 365.56 406.67 347.00 394.17 416.25 398.50 380.45 358.18 365.00 336.11 340.91 368.00 372.22
Eggs (Farm) Colombo 13.94 14.66 14.59 14.39 12.37 13.17 14.31 13.25 13.25 12.47 14.22 14.06 13.71
(each) Kandy 14.35 14.44 14.64 14.25 13.03 13.78 14.39 13.58 13.88 12.92 14.39 14.17 13.98
Matara 14.63 14.71 14.31 15.44 13.79 13.00 14.38 14.00 13.75 12.25 13.50 14.00 13.97
Anuradhapura 14.65 14.14 14.41 14.33 13.62 13.03 13.38 13.07 13.19 12.35 13.42 14.27 13.63
Coconut Colombo 55.13 59.50 61.00 64.50 64.00 61.03 56.93 59.68 66.92 77.50 81.83 79.64 65.40
(each) Kandy 49.75 56.94 62.44 66.88 66.50 62.00 61.39 58.75 64.06 72.50 81.39 80.56 65.03
Matara 56.88 64.06 70.63 66.81 67.00 62.50 60.36 59.69 66.06 75.94 80.71 87.50 67.72
Anuradhapura 42.00 49.75 49.65 58.13 53.18 53.54 50.63 52.42 63.18 70.83 76.88 74.90 57.86

(b) Average of local and imported
76
PRICES AND WAGES
Table 7.11
Nominal Wage Rate Indices 1965 – 2017
1978 December = 100
Workers in Wages Boards Government Employees
Year Workers Workers in Workers Central Government

All Non-Executive Minor
in Industry and in Government School
Workers Officers Employees
Agriculture Commerce Services Employees Teachers
1965 24.2 34.7 – 25.3 52.2 42.2 46.0 57.6

1966 24.2 34.5 – 25.3 52.2 42.2 46.0 57.6
1967 25.1 36.3 – 26.2 53.5 44.1 47.7 58.6
1968 29.0 42.3 – 30.2 59.7 52.8 55.4 63.6
1969 29.0 42.3 – 30.2 61.6 54.4 57.2 65.0
1970 29.3 43.4 – 30.6 67.0 59.2 62.2 69.2
1971 29.6 46.1 – 31.1 67.0 59.2 62.2 69.2
1972 31.0 47.5 – 33.6 67.1 59.4 62.4 69.2
1973 35.1 52.2 – 36.4 69.5 62.9 65.4 70.6
1974 43.9 62.0 – 45.5 77.4 71.4 73.7 78.0
1975 50.4 72.0 – 52.4 84.2 79.8 81.5 84.3
1976 51.5 73.9 – 53.6 88.2 84.9 86.2 89.1
1977 64.8 79.5 – 66.2 89.2 86.2 87.3 90.6
1978 94.2 98.8 – 94.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1979 123.1 111.3 113.9 119.6 115.6 118.7 117.2 112.3
1980 153.6 138.8 130.5 147.3 126.0 132.0 129.1 120.1
1981 153.9 151.0 146.4 152.2 140.9 151.1 146.1 133.1
1982 181.2 161.0 169.7 175.8 180.6 194.7 187.8 166.4
1983 198.7 163.1 177.8 188.8 204.6 226.2 215.7 188.1
1984 250.3 183.3 190.7 228.8 231.4 260.9 246.6 211.4
1985 273.5 203.9 190.7 247.9 264.4 303.2 284.3 247.3
1986 288.1 224.3 190.7 261.3 276.6 317.2 297.4 247.3
1987 302.3 256.3 196.6 277.7 276.6 317.2 297.4 247.3
1988 378.4 271.7 229.5 335.8 364.0 414.1 390.0 331.5
1989 435.9 334.9 245.9 388.1 396.0 444.6 421.8 367.8
1990 517.2 379.5 267.8 453.5 439.6 513.5 476.8 404.5
1991 577.7 459.6 336.5 518.8 488.2 582.3 534.6 444.8
1992 664.1 510.8 365.9 590.0 507.2 609.9 557.6 461.8
1993 803.7 528.7 365.9 685.8 622.1 728.3 675.5 567.1
1994 821.5 555.8 431.4 712.4 692.7 772.3 735.5 595.6
1995 830.9 651.6 456.7 740.3 749.4 828.1 792.5 760.5
1996 907.9 682.8 559.7 801.7 757.1 878.7 818.2 760.5
1997 971.8 710.8 487.2 849.1 842.9 966.7 906.5 778.5
1998 1,097.7 807.7 506.4 953.3 959.6 1,029.1 1,001.4 805.5
1999 1,116.0 829.2 559.7 977.6 959.6 1,029.1 1,001.4 805.5
2000 1,142.7 857.2 559.7 1,000.4 1,031.3 1,125.8 1,084.7 865.1
2001 1,176.4 919.7 657.6 1,049.3 1,225.9 1,388.2 1,310.8 1,026.8
2002 1,269.6 986.5 678.0 1,126.5 1,410.3 1,636.7 1,525.0 1,180.1
2003 1,382.2 1,009.4 678.0 1,205.2 1,410.3 1,636.7 1,525.0 1,180.1
2004 1,397.7 1,044.1 751.0 1,233.0 1,709.0 2,039.5 1,872.1 1,428.4
2005 1,527.4 1,078.4 779.7 1,329.7 2,178.4 2,672.4 2,417.5 1,818.6
2006 1,567.1 1,090.7 779.7 1,358.2 2,853.8 3,463.0 3,150.8 2,304.2
2007 1,821.4 1,522.4 1,057.1 1,648.8 3,493.4 4,172.7 3,828.4 2,740.0
2008 2,286.6 1,877.5 1,370.8 2,070.4 3,749.5 4,494.7 4,116.1 2,938.6
2009 2,349.4 2,054.0 1,545.8 2,171.4 4,082.4 4,943.5 4,502.8 3,215.3
2010 3,327.6 2,199.0 1,673.3 2,865.3 4,210.4 5,116.1 4,651.6 3,321.7
2011 3,427.2 2,402.1 1,851.8 2,996.1 4,490.1 5,465.1 4,964.5 3,576.1
2012 4,433.0 2,402.1 1,851.8 3,662.0 4,803.6 5,831.8 5,304.7 3,821.8
2013 4,435.9 3,191.6 2,241.5 3,869.2 5,035.6 6,130.5 5,568.3 4,011.0
2014 4,560.9 3,459.1 2,313.2 4,012.2 5,462.2 6,691.7 6,058.0 4,361.9
2015 4,734.4 3,459.1 2,313.2 4,127.0 7,152.1 8,970.2 8,021.6 5,766.6
2016 4,735.7 3,459.1 2,313.2 4,127.9 7,413.0 9,341.6 8,333.2 6,067.7
2017(a) 4,736.7 3,459.1 2,313.2 4,128.6 7,413.0 9,341.6 8,333.2 6,067.7
(a) Provisional Sources : Department of Labour

77
PRICES AND WAGES
Table 7.12
Average Daily Wage Rates in Selected Activities 2008 – 2017
Rupees
Type of
Activity 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Labour
Paddy
Ploughing with Ploughs M 629 657 702 731 844 939 1,070 1,129 1,197 1,295
Ploughing with Mammoties M 528 576 632 700 795 885 940 1,045 1,128 1,229
Sowing M 529 574 637 705 783 879 931 1,041 1,134 1,237
Transplanting and Harvesting M 508 554 619 677 753 818 885 970 1,073 1,150
F 405 445 479 537 597 653 695 749 783 835
Manuring M 519 573 639 702 776 850 912 1,012 1,122 1,224
Spraying M 577 635 714 760 848 950 1,050 1,172 1,264 1,399
Threshing M 577 599 674 714 784 916 981 1,077 1,157 1,266
Winnowing M 544 581 623 682 775 857 922 1,019 1,095 1,174
F 388 424 454 508 586 662 687 795 864 909
Coconut
Digging Pits M 565 626 661 744 841 943 1,013 1,096 1,165 1,270
Planting M 530 588 631 699 805 901 954 1,024 1,108 1,202
F 370 419 443 509 581 663 668 710 742 822
Plucking M 727 816 875 991 1,114 1,281 1,361 1,352 1,434 1,523
Collecting Nuts M 455 503 542 597 687 748 791 856 896 972
F 335 368 417 451 520 581 602 646 660 703
Husking M 590 652 690 775 894 1,000 1,076 1,129 1,200 1,305

Tea
Preparing Land M 436 479 532 610 683 759 817 888 947 1,065
Planting M 429 470 525 611 679 748 805 869 937 1,073
F 313 355 392 449 511 580 628 667 703 809
Manuring M 430 486 544 617 684 760 820 875 953 1,085
Weeding M 422 468 525 583 661 728 781 854 916 1,036
F 312 356 394 443 514 570 622 671 705 798
Pruning M 499 552 605 697 776 854 929 1,019 1,083 1,246
Plucking M 361 396 444 491 548 620 637 679 703 790
F 361 395 353 395 435 489 524 555 582 672

Rubber
Uprooting and Cleaning M 471 501 550 606 687 763 823 878 975 1,103
Planting M 478 519 566 639 732 851 890 941 979 1,118
Pruning M 510 496 554 639 728 816 852 888 924 1,047
Manuring M 525 573 633 714 789 907 938 998 1,061 1,194
Tapping M 400 417 477 531 586 653 614 610 632 707
F 354 373 433 483 533 594 566 548 579 665

Building Construction
Carpentry
Master Carpenter M 828 922 1,003 1,115 1,248 1,334 1,407 1,487 1,619 1,794
Skilled Helper M 602 666 732 809 913 995 1,053 1,135 1,241 1,374
Unskilled Helper M 487 539 581 648 734 811 863 933 1,017 1,122
Masonry
Master Mason M 820 912 987 1,093 1,216 1,304 1,376 1,450 1,593 1,784
Skilled Helper M 600 668 731 802 906 985 1,044 1,122 1,236 1,381
Unskilled Helper M 494 555 596 655 740 816 867 936 1,024 1,132
M – Male F – Female Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka

(a) Provisional
Note: These wage rates represent payment in cash without meals.
78
PRICES AND WAGES
Table 7.13
Minimum Wage Rate Indices of Workers in Wages Board Trades(a)
1978 December = 100
Workers in Workers in Workers in Workers in

Period
Agriculture(b) Industry and Commerce(c) Services(d) Wages Boards Trades(e)
Nominal Real(f) Nominal Real(f) Nominal Real(f) Nominal Real(f)
2016 January 4,735.8 120.9 3,459.1 88.3 2,313.2 59.1 4,128.0 105.4
February 4,735.6 121.6 3,459.1 88.8 2,313.2 59.4 4,127.9 106.0
March 4,735.4 123.0 3,459.1 89.9 2,313.2 60.1 4,127.7 107.2
April 4,735.3 121.4 3,459.1 88.7 2,313.2 59.3 4,127.6 105.8
May 4,735.5 118.6 3,459.1 86.6 2,313.2 57.9 4,127.8 103.4
June 4,735.7 116.1 3,459.1 84.8 2,313.2 56.7 4,127.9 101.2
July 4,736.1 115.9 3,459.1 84.6 2,313.2 56.6 4,128.2 101.0
August 4,735.9 118.2 3,459.1 86.3 2,313.2 57.7 4,128.1 103.0
September 4,735.6 118.6 3,459.1 86.6 2,313.2 57.9 4,127.9 103.4
October 4,735.6 117.8 3,459.1 86.1 2,313.2 57.6 4,127.9 102.7
November 4,735.8 117.1 3,459.1 85.5 2,313.2 57.2 4,128.0 102.1
December 4,736.0 116.0 3,459.1 84.7 2,313.2 56.6 4,128.1 101.1
2017(g) January 4,736.2 114.6 3,459.1 83.7 2,313.2 56.0 4,128.3 99.9
February 4,736.4 114.0 3,459.1 83.2 2,313.2 55.7 4,128.4 99.3
March 4,736.4 114.2 3,459.1 83.4 2,313.2 55.8 4,128.4 99.5
April 4,736.4 113.6 3,459.1 83.0 2,313.2 55.5 4,128.4 99.0
May 4,736.6 112.5 3,459.1 82.2 2,313.2 55.0 4,128.5 98.1
June 4,736.7 110.8 3,459.1 80.9 2,313.2 54.1 4,128.6 96.5
July 4,736.9 111.4 3,459.1 81.4 2,313.2 54.4 4,128.7 97.1
August 4,736.8 112.0 3,459.1 81.8 2,313.2 54.7 4,128.6 97.6
September 4,736.7 111.1 3,459.1 81.2 2,313.2 54.3 4,128.6 96.9
October 4,736.9 110.1 3,459.1 80.4 2,313.2 53.8 4,128.7 96.0
November 4,737.1 108.9 3,459.1 79.5 2,313.2 53.2 4,128.9 94.9
December 4,737.4 108.2 3,459.1 79.0 2,313.2 52.9 4,129.0 94.3
(a) The Index numbers are calculated by the Labour Department on fixed weights based on the numbers employed Sources : Department of Labour
as at 31 December 1978. The wage rate used in the calculation of Index numbers are Nominal wages for different Central Bank of Sri Lanka
trades fixed by the Wages Board.
(b) The Index refers to wage rates of tea growing and manufacturing, rubber growing and manufacturing, coconut,
cocoa, cardamoms and pepper growing trades only.
(c) Including baking, brick and tile manufacturing, coconut manufacturing, printing, textile, tyre and tube
manufacturing, coir mattresses and bristle fibre export, hosiery manufacturing, engineering, garment
manufacturing, match manufacturing, biscuit and confectionery, tea export and rubber export trades only.
(d) This includes cinema, motor transport and nursing home trades only.
(e) Combined index for workers in agriculture, in industry & commerce and in services.
(f) Based on Colombo Consumers’ Price Index (CCPI) - (2006/07 = 100).
(g) Provisional
79
PRICES AND WAGES
Table 7.14
Wage Rate Indices of Government Employees(a)
2012 = 100
Senior Level Tertiary Level Secondary Level Primary Level All Government
Officers Officers Officers Officers Officers
Period
Nominal Real(b) Nominal Real(b) Nominal Real(b) Nominal Real(b) Nominal Real(b)
2016 January 138.2 123.1 154.0 137.1 161.6 143.8 169.6 150.9 160.4 142.8
February 138.2 124.4 154.0 138.5 161.6 145.4 169.6 152.6 160.4 144.4
March 147.6 133.8 158.6 143.7 161.8 146.6 172.1 155.9 161.5 146.4
April 141.4 126.3 155.5 138.9 161.6 144.4 170.4 152.2 160.8 143.6
May 141.4 124.0 155.5 136.4 161.6 141.7 170.4 149.4 160.8 141.0
June 141.4 121.4 155.5 133.5 161.6 138.8 170.4 146.3 160.8 138.1
July 141.4 122.4 155.5 134.6 161.6 139.9 170.4 147.5 160.8 139.2
August 141.4 124.4 155.5 136.8 161.6 142.2 170.4 149.9 160.8 141.5
September 141.4 124.2 155.5 136.6 161.6 142.0 170.4 149.7 160.8 141.2
October 141.4 122.9 155.5 135.2 161.6 140.5 170.4 148.1 160.8 139.8
November 141.4 120.9 155.5 133.0 161.6 138.2 170.4 145.7 160.8 137.5
December 141.4 119.4 155.5 131.4 161.6 136.6 170.4 144.0 160.8 135.9
2017(c) January 141.4 118.1 155.5 130.0 161.6 135.1 170.4 142.4 160.8 134.4
February 141.4 117.6 155.5 129.3 161.6 134.4 170.4 141.7 160.8 133.7
March 141.4 117.9 155.5 129.7 161.6 134.9 170.4 142.2 160.8 134.1
April 141.4 116.5 155.5 128.1 161.6 133.2 170.4 140.4 160.8 132.5
May 141.4 115.7 155.5 127.3 161.6 132.3 170.4 139.5 160.8 131.6
June 141.4 114.2 155.5 125.6 161.6 130.6 170.4 137.7 160.8 129.9
July 141.4 115.2 155.5 126.7 161.6 131.7 170.4 138.8 160.8 131.0
August 141.4 115.2 155.5 126.8 161.6 131.8 170.4 138.9 160.8 131.1
September 141.4 114.3 155.5 125.7 161.6 130.7 170.4 137.8 160.8 130.0
October 141.4 112.9 155.5 124.2 161.6 129.1 170.4 136.1 160.8 128.5
November 141.4 111.5 155.5 122.7 161.6 127.5 170.4 134.4 160.8 126.8
December 141.4 111.3 155.5 122.5 161.6 127.3 170.4 134.2 160.8 126.6
(a) This index covers all levels of public sector employees, under the disaggregation of Senior, Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Tertiary, Secondary and Primary levels. The base period employment structure was based on a
special Annual Public Sector Employment Survey (APSES) conducted in 2012. Initial salary scales
of specific occupations and due allowances as specified in the Public Administration Circular
No. 06/2006 issued by the Ministry of Public Administration and Home Affairs on 25th April 2006
were used to construct the Index.
(b) Based on National Consumer Price Index (NCPI) – (2013 = 100).
(c) Provisional
80
PRICES AND WAGES
Table 7.15
Wage Rate Indices of Informal Private Sector Employees(a)
2012 = 100
Agriculture Industry Services Informal Private Sector

Period
Nominal Real(a) Nominal Real(a) Nominal Real(a) Nominal Real(a)
2016 January 135.1 120.3 134.1 119.3 128.1 114.0 131.7 117.3
February 134.9 121.3 135.3 121.7 129.1 116.2 132.6 119.3
March 133.4 120.9 137.4 124.5 129.7 117.5 133.4 120.9
April 132.6 118.5 136.6 122.0 131.5 117.5 133.7 119.5
May 133.3 116.9 138.0 121.0 132.7 116.3 134.9 118.3
June 134.5 115.5 139.3 119.6 130.8 112.3 134.9 115.8
July 136.3 117.9 139.5 120.7 131.7 114.0 135.7 117.4
August 136.4 120.0 141.9 124.9 134.3 118.1 137.7 121.2
September 140.1 123.1 145.9 128.2 135.8 119.3 140.7 123.6
October 139.1 120.9 144.6 125.7 136.1 118.3 140.1 121.7
November 144.0 123.1 148.6 127.0 135.2 115.6 142.1 121.5
December 143.0 120.8 147.6 124.7 138.9 117.3 143.1 120.9
2017(b) January 144.5 120.7 148.7 124.3 138.1 115.4 143.5 119.9
February 145.2 120.7 149.6 124.4 140.9 117.1 145.2 120.7
March 144.7 120.7 151.3 126.3 140.7 117.4 145.7 121.6
April 147.1 121.2 152.3 125.5 140.7 116.0 146.5 120.7
May 147.8 121.0 152.3 124.6 141.5 115.9 147.0 120.3
June 148.3 119.8 152.6 123.3 143.5 116.0 148.0 119.6
July 150.2 122.3 153.7 125.2 142.1 115.8 148.2 120.8
August 151.2 123.2 157.5 128.4 145.6 118.7 151.4 123.4
September 155.6 125.8 157.3 127.2 145.3 117.5 152.0 122.9
October 159.5 127.4 161.0 128.6 148.0 118.2 155.3 124.0
November 157.4 124.2 159.1 125.5 147.2 116.1 153.8 121.3
December 159.9 126.0 165.1 130.0 155.6 122.5 160.2 126.2
(a) Based on National Consumer Price Index (NCPI) – (2013 = 100). Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Provisional
Table 7.16
All Island Average Wages in the Informal Sector (a)
– 2016 Rupees
Agriculture
Tea Preparing Land Male 953 914 925 906 919 900 947 925 962 988 987 1,034
Plucking Male 711 691 684 661 696 700 707 696 708 712 723 759
Female 581 575 575 561 555 561 580 576 593 598 629 598
Rubber Planting Male 906 879 925 944 967 955 975 950 1,022 994 1,079 1,081
Tapping Male 610 577 612 630 623 612 613 683 618 655 658 707
Female 565 519 565 573 569 560 554 610 567 570 627 689
Coconut Digging Pits Male 1,124 1,129 1,148 1,146 1,154 1,138 1,183 1,138 1,213 1,191 1,203 1,218
Plucking with Sticks Male 1,411 1,419 1,459 1,397 1,464 1,468 1,513 1,463 1,420 1,400 1,384 1,418
Paddy Ploughing with
Mammoties Male 1,071 1,136 1,108 1,097 1,096 1,119 1,143 1,146 1,160 1,106 1,168 1,171
Transplanting and Male 1,031 1,053 1,048 1,076 1,070 1,056 1,117 1,068 1,139 1,069 1,080 1,094
Harvesting Female 768 816 774 757 770 758 774 804 788 780 820 781
Housing Construction(b)
Carpentry Master Carpenter Male 1,541 1,563 1,570 1,577 1,577 1,610 1,622 1,661 1,674 1,661 1,694 1,711
Skilled Helper Male 1,180 1,200 1,205 1,209 1,227 1,234 1,234 1,259 1,283 1,263 1,319 1,302
Unskilled Helper Male 964 979 1,005 987 1,016 1,008 1,010 1,023 1,052 1,035 1,069 1,075
Masonry Master Mason Male 1,515 1,534 1,550 1,552 1,560 1,588 1,599 1,623 1,638 1,635 1,668 1,686
Unskilled Helper Male 968 984 1,001 993 1,016 1,011 1,018 1,038 1,061 1,049 1,079 1,083
(a) Daily wages represent payments in cash where meals are not provided by the employer. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Wages in the construction sector are paid on daily payment basis.
81
PRICES AND WAGES
Table 7.17
All Island Average Wages in the Informal Sector(a) – 2017(b)
Rupees
Agriculture
Tea Preparing Land Male 997 1,003 1,013 1,025 1,035 1,024 1,039 1,068 1,103 1,135 1,150 1,229
Plucking Male 788 789 769 769 779 783 811 796 813 825 777 793
Female 639 634 652 648 670 688 674 686 686 690 710 693
Rubber Planting Male 1,050 1,050 1,063 1,067 1,045 1,094 1,070 1,095 1,189 1,220 1,191 1,271
Tapping Male 702 687 688 687 694 704 725 729 654 730 728 783
Female 661 652 620 648 670 679 664 707 623 683 684 683
Coconut Digging Pits Male 1,229 1,219 1,245 1,215 1,221 1,235 1,238 1,286 1,294 1,335 1,335 1,359
Plucking with Sticks Male 1,445 1,376 1,550 1,458 1,510 1,538 1,527 1,502 1,612 1,589 1,586 1,603
Paddy Ploughing with
Mammoties Male 1,173 1,150 1,188 1,219 1,213 1,224 1,200 1,204 1,234 1,276 1,270 1,316
Transplanting and Male 1,144 1,064 1,118 1,171 1,155 1,143 1,117 1,109 1,229 1,198 1,178 1,189
Harvesting Female 785 818 805 835 816 837 812 861 858 871 845 862

Housing Construction(c)
Carpentry Master Carpenter Male 1,725 1,724 1,713 1,781 1,770 1,794 1,781 1,849 1,818 1,856 1,869 1,852
Unskilled Helper Male 1,098 1,079 1,082 1,103 1,105 1,110 1,127 1,138 1,154 1,157 1,144 1,181
Masonry Master Mason Male 1,704 1,698 1,716 1,769 1,766 1,783 1,772 1,835 1,814 1,848 1,859 1,856
Unskilled Helper Male 1,106 1,096 1,084 1,121 1,118 1,119 1,127 1,147 1,147 1,170 1,164 1,194
(a) Daily wages represent payments in cash where meals are not provided by the employer. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Provisional
(c) Wages in the construction sector are paid on daily payment basis.
82
PRICES AND WAGES
Table 7.18
Cost Indices for Construction 2008 – 2017
1990 = 100
Semi
Modern All Non-Residential All All
Year Quarter Permanent
Housing Housing Building Civil Works Construction
Housing
2008 1st Quarter 438.8 593.1 448.4 423.5 390.4 421.4

2nd Quarter 451.7 622.9 462.3 447.8 414.1 441.1
3rd Quarter 464.4 642.3 475.5 468.7 434.0 458.4
4th Quarter 471.5 666.6 483.6 462.9 427.6 458.2
2009 1st Quarter 472.0 673.6 484.5 452.5 419.9 453.6

2nd Quarter 471.8 684.9 485.0 452.0 418.9 453.3
3rd Quarter 477.9 685.9 490.8 457.4 423.2 458.4
4th Quarter 478.9 700.6 492.6 458.3 424.2 459.7
2010 1st Quarter 479.4 701.6 493.2 459.0 424.9 460.4

2nd Quarter 484.0 712.9 498.2 463.7 428.8 464.9
3rd Quarter 488.6 722.9 503.1 467.8 430.9 468.6
4th Quarter 489.7 725.8 504.3 468.9 432.2 469.8
2011 1st Quarter 501.8 738.0 516.5 482.2 442.9 481.7

2nd Quarter 508.7 762.5 524.5 489.5 447.1 488.1
3rd Quarter 514.3 780.5 530.8 493.8 450.0 492.7
4th Quarter 524.1 796.7 541.0 502.2 456.2 501.1
2012 1st Quarter 547.6 826.9 564.9 527.2 479.1 524.7

2nd Quarter 569.9 850.2 587.2 550.3 505.0 548.6
3rd Quarter 583.9 861.4 601.1 561.4 513.5 559.9
4th Quarter 601.6 871.0 618.3 573.9 515.2 570.2
2013 1st Quarter 616.4 899.5 633.9 587.2 524.8 583.1

2nd Quarter 622.2 924.2 640.9 591.4 526.6 587.6
3rd Quarter 630.7 941.9 650.0 598.5 530.8 594.4
4th Quarter 633.7 943.7 652.9 600.9 532.1 596.6
2014 1st Quarter 638.0 948.2 657.2 604.9 534.0 599.9

2nd Quarter 644.7 957.9 664.1 610.7 537.9 605.5
3rd Quarter 645.7 983.6 666.7 611.4 538.6 606.9
4th Quarter 646.8 986.4 667.9 611.4 538.6 607.4
2015 1st Quarter 654.7 993.6 675.8 615.8 538.8 611.7

2nd Quarter 662.7 1,036.7 685.9 621.5 542.2 618.4
3rd Quarter 672.8 1,040.5 695.6 628.3 544.2 624.6
4th Quarter 681.4 1,051.4 704.3 634.1 546.5 630.3
2016 1st Quarter 692.7 1,061.4 715.5 641.7 528.8 629.8

2nd Quarter 711.9 1,075.5 734.4 654.9 531.6 641.5
3rd Quarter 720.9 1,085.1 743.4 661.2 536.0 648.2
4th Quarter 728.2 1,093.5 750.9 667.2 540.1 654.1
2017(a) 1st Quarter 738.2 1,107.3 761.1 675.3 546.0 662.2

2nd Quarter 746.7 1,120.7 769.9 682.5 562.0 673.4
3rd Quarter 754.6 1,139.2 778.4 692.4 570.1 682.1
4th Quarter 764.7 1,148.6 788.5 701.3 575.6 690.2
(a) Provisional Sources : Institute for Construction Training and Development

83
EXTERNAL TRADE AND FINANCE
Table 8.1
Summary of External Trade 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Exports, Rs. Mn. 878,499 813,911 974,387 1,167,588 1,245,531 1,344,054 1,453,176 1,431,431 1,500,766 1,732,440
Agricultural Exports 213,132 210,092 260,632 279,466 297,715 333,942 364,762 337,007 338,727 422,031
Tea 137,606 136,194 162,793 164,869 180,429 199,446 212,588 182,054 184,778 233,338
Rubber 13,535 11,327 19,580 22,811 15,726 9,194 5,916 3,548 4,758 5,920
Coconut Products 15,728 18,635 18,728 29,394 26,594 26,488 46,517 47,745 53,283 53,037
Other 46,264 43,937 59,531 62,392 74,966 98,814 99,741 103,660 95,907 129,736

Industrial Exports 662,220 600,621 688,759 883,771 938,762 1,001,808 1,078,725 1,087,938 1,155,706 1,302,575
Textiles and Garments 376,990 374,645 379,185 463,509 508,607 583,046 643,688 654,794 710,768 767,254
Petroleum Products 27,553 15,447 29,761 61,170 58,902 55,128 44,132 50,461 41,794 66,280
Other 257,678 210,529 279,813 359,091 371,254 363,634 390,905 382,684 403,144 469,041
Mineral 2,311 2,280 2,739 3,631 7,833 6,727 7,764 3,826 4,219 5,263
Other 835 918 22,258 720 1,221 1,577 1,924 2,660 2,114 2,570
Imports, Rs. Mn. 1,525,705 1,172,618 1,519,737 2,241,488 2,441,879 2,323,128 2,535,163 2,572,467 2,794,393(b) 3,198,572
Consumer Goods 217,295 179,722 279,762 404,037 380,968 410,996 503,021 640,352 628,862 686,424
Intermediate Goods 976,190 707,655 910,010 1,357,505 1,474,534 1,361,740 1,488,091 1,309,234 1,438,156 1,743,719
Investment Goods 309,092 240,284 311,496 473,974 582,921 548,604 542,169 620,730 725,473(b) 746,175
Unclassified 23,128 44,957 18,470 5,972 3,455 1,788 1,882 2,151 1,902 22,254

Balance of Trade, Rs. Mn. -647,207 -358,707 -545,350 -1,073,900 -1,196,348 -979,074 -1,081,987 -1,141,035 -1,293,627(b) -1,466,133
Export / Import Ratio 0.58 0.69 0.64 0.52 0.51 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.54(b) 0.54
Export Indices(c)
Unit Value Index 66.6 72.4 100.0 108.7 116.2 117.5 121.9 114.7 121.2 130.0
Volume Index 135.2 115.3 100.0 110.2 110.0 117.3 122.3 128.0 127.0 136.7
Value Index 90.1 83.5 100.0 119.8 127.8 137.9 149.1 146.8 153.9 177.7

Import Indices(c)
Unit Value Index 82.8 92.5 100.0 119.7 129.7 125.3 124.8 114.5 116.3(b) 123.2
Volume Index 121.5 83.6 100.0 123.6 124.2 122.3 134.0 148.2 158.5(b) 171.3
Value Index 100.6 77.3 100.0 147.9 161.1 153.2 167.2 169.7 184.3(b) 211.0

Terms of Trade
(2010 = 100)(d) 80.4 78.3 100.0 90.9 89.6 93.8 97.6 100.2 104.2(b) 105.6
(a) Provisional Sources : Ceylon Petroleum Corporation and

(b) Revised other Exporters of Petroleum
(c) In terms of rupee. Trade indices were calculated 2010 as the base year. Lanka IOC PLC
(d) Terms of Trade = (Export Unit Value Index / Import Unit Value Index) × 100 National Gem and Jewellery Authority
Sri Lanka Customs
84
Table 8.2
Selected Exports 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Agricultural Exports
Tea, MT ’000 320 290 328 323 320 320 327 307 289 289
Rubber, MT ’000 49 56 52 43 37 24 16 10 16 17
Coconut, Mn. Nuts 380 367 251 386 351 379 716 552 765 466
Vegetables, MT 12,279 15,670 20,994 13,446 10,814 22,737 40,460 25,846 21,140 21,697
Coffee, MT 86 60 26 10 10 19 57 24 14 14
Cinnamon, MT 12,459 12,234 13,682 13,747 14,762 14,148 13,949 13,828 14,946 16,967
Pepper, MT 6,253 6,580 12,971 5,065 10,532 21,703 8,353 17,027 8,383 13,778
Betel Leaves, MT 3,002 2,591 2,604 2,845 1,934 3,024 2,998 2,404 1,956 5,145
Arecanuts, MT 3,050 1,426 2,106 2,177 2,435 9,783 29,384 29,513 13,468 10,645
Sesame Seeds & Other Oil Seeds, MT 315 1,449 9,201 546 3298 7,036 4,942 3,926 3,969 1,765
Unmanufactured Tobacco, MT 1,278 686 695 708 861 1,142 1,162 880 897 918

Selected Other Exports
Petroleum Products, MT ’000 310 269 436 589 504 511 398 908 807 972
Mineral Exports(b), MT 5,176 3,018 3,231 3,341 3,094 3,083 3,116 2,834 3,163 3,123
Gems, carats ’000 7,532 7,445 7,345 9,154 9,194 14,393 12,685 12,116 12,136 9,400
(a) Provisional Sources : Ceylon Petroleum Corporation and

(b) Graphite only other Exporters of Petroleum
National Gem and Jewellery Authority
Sri Lanka Customs
Table 8.3
Selected Imports 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Food and Drink, MT ’000

Rice 84 52 126 28 36 23 600 286 30 748
Sugar 571 466 548 606 569 548 520 624 651 498
Milk and Milk Products
Milk and Milk Food(b) 66 65 76 88 84 69 71 86 100 99
Infant Milk Food, MT 1,343 1,442 911 1,756 1,446 1,545 1,172 1,613 1,659 2,179
Fish and Fish Products
Fish Dried(c) 48 49 49 50 41 39 36 35 37 35
Fish Other 29 27 34 33 31 40 43 85 78 71
Wheat Grain 919 1,026 1,051 1,242 1,084 895 1,179 1,208 948 1,250
Medical and Pharmaceuticals MT ’000 110 61 558 82 189 122 108 74 111 168
Fertilizer, MT ’000 773 462 649 801 640 600 765 873 527 399
Crude Oil, MT ’000 1,853 2,066 1,819 2,070 1,486 1,743 1,824 1,763 1,685 2,179
Cement, MT ’000 2,004 1,702 2,012 2,584 3,796 4,123 4,363 4,092 5,299 5,676

Transport Equipment (No.)
Motor Vehicles(d) 19,460 3,767 37,522 68,763 103,182 32,321 46,647 134,715 47,957 40,519
Motor Cycles 153,657 112,307 226,426 252,036 186,372 160,524 314,060 349,385 329,978 364,346
Tractors 28,175 12,860 18,617 26,870 18,967 13,701 5,842 12,601 13,185 10,295
(a) Provisional. (c) Including maldive-fish, sprats and smoked fish. Sources : Sri Lanka Customs
(b) Excluding infant milk food. (d) Including motor cars, vans, lorries and buses. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
85
Table 8.4
Imports by Major Categories 2008 – 2017
Rs. Million
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Consumer Goods 217,295 179,722 279,762 404,037 380,968 410,996 503,021 640,352 628,862 686,424
Food and Drink 117,903 107,155 149,568 173,277 166,003 176,423 213,308 220,828 237,036 280,646
Rice 4,730 2,592 6,741 2,035 3,083 2,297 36,795 17,956 1,872 45,881
Flour 112 60 90 1,538 628 237 270 277 255 300
Sugar 21,988 25,045 41,077 47,091 43,872 37,187 33,332 34,164 49,919 39,041
Milk and Milk Products 31,221 18,948 29,214 38,182 39,023 37,572 44,308 34,088 36,338 48,145
Fish Dried 6,275 7,869 7,607 8,404 8,935 11,251 8,918 11,103 14,356 14,465
Fish Other 6,348 6,101 7,070 8,066 8,548 9,939 9,895 19,095 20,184 18,697
Food Other 47,229 46,540 57,768 67,961 61,914 77,940 79,791 104,144 114,112 114,117
Other Consumer Goods 99,391 72,567 130,194 230,760 214,965 234,573 289,713 419,524 391,826 405,778
Motor Cars and Cycles 21,759 10,195 48,720 94,473 61,189 74,691 116,165 168,869 113,655 109,527
Radio Receivers and TV Sets 6,947 2,760 5,080 13,015 14,923 13,324 11,237 16,358 19,760 21,462
Tyres and Tubes 4,320 4,150 6,712 7,621 8,064 8,526 9,573 12,822 12,708 11,900
Medical and Pharmaceutical
Products 23,010 23,199 24,549 38,487 47,537 48,845 49,685 62,498 76,547 79,299
Other 43,356 32,263 45,133 77,165 83,252 89,187 103,053 158,978 169,155 183,590
Intermediate Goods 976,190 707,655 910,010 1,357,505 1,474,534 1,361,740 1,488,091 1,309,234 1,438,156 1,743,719
Fertiliser 62,420 20,851 27,157 44,992 39,859 30,972 35,591 39,573 19,904 15,703
Fuel 366,839 251,006 343,809 530,389 640,197 555,930 600,150 366,339 361,895 522,470
Chemical Elements and Compounds 45,187 40,476 47,203 63,720 70,445 78,074 87,016 98,142 100,613 102,591
Dyeing, Tanning & Colouring Materials 9,809 9,095 11,586 13,943 15,095 16,707 18,517 20,056 24,093 24,641
Paper and Paper Boards 22,165 17,587 24,763 29,230 25,615 29,082 39,169 41,834 45,827 47,798
Wheat and Maize 43,441 30,921 30,009 47,382 46,352 41,551 52,844 48,658 36,221 54,394
Textiles and Textile Articles 193,764 175,681 204,542 256,592 289,546 264,302 303,907 311,965 393,896 415,386
Other 232,565 162,038 220,941 371,257 347,424 345,123 350,898 382,668 455,707 560,737
Investment Goods 309,092 240,284 311,496 473,974 582,921 548,604 542,169 620,730 725,473(b) 746,175
Building Materials 97,405 75,290 92,905 118,935 157,437 175,054 170,901 184,176 228,538 242,621
Transport Equipment 52,315 40,926 66,991 117,737 124,773 86,170 92,367 125,927 96,605(b) 102,914
Machinery and Equipment 158,907 123,731 151,223 236,857 300,138 286,631 278,257 309,811 399,090 399,453
Other 465 336 377 445 573 748 644 816 1,239 1,187
Unclassified Imports 23,128 44,957 18,470 5,972 3,455 1,788 1,882 2,151 1,902 22,254
Total Imports(c) 1,525,705 1,172,618 1,519,737 2,241,488 2,441,879 2,323,128 2,535,163 2,572,467 2,794,393 3,198,572
(a) Provisional Sources : Sri Lanka Customs

(b) Revised Prima Ceylon Ltd.
(c) Adjusted Serendib Flour Mills (Pvt) Ltd.
Ceylon Petroleum Corporation
Lanka IOC PLC
86
Table 8.5
Direction of Trade – Exports(a) 2013 – 2017
Value in Rs. Million
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(b)

Group of Countries
Share Share Share Share Share
Value Value Value Value Value
(%) (%) (%) (%) (%)
Largest Export Destinations

United States of America 322,044 24.0 356,524 24.5 381,976 26.6 409,131 27.3 443,512 25.6
United Kingdom 139,173 10.4 145,716 10.0 139,907 9.8 152,010 10.1 157,992 9.1
India 70,174 5.2 81,575 5.6 87,449 6.1 80,665 5.4 105,397 6.1
Germany 60,487 4.5 65,015 4.5 64,711 4.5 72,827 4.9 82,396 4.8
Italy 65,914 4.9 80,203 5.5 59,011 4.1 62,557 4.2 79,866 4.6
Belgium – Luxembourg 57,986 4.3 41,261 2.8 38,447 2.7 49,241 3.3 52,864 3.1
United Arab Emirates 30,574 2.3 36,204 2.5 37,543 2.6 34,041 2.3 41,986 2.4
China, People's Republic of 16,885 1.3 24,565 1.7 41,849 2.9 30,733 2.0 37,732 2.2
Turkey 24,734 1.8 33,906 2.3 24,507 1.7 21,955 1.5 35,515 2.1
Netherlands 24,650 1.8 31,691 2.2 29,914 2.1 30,263 2.0 33,632 1.9

Other Export Destinations
Australia 20,109 1.5 21,377 1.5 21,771 1.5 24,137 1.6 28,811 1.7
Azerbaijan 6,699 0.5 7,253 0.5 6,361 0.4 6,773 0.5 9,897 0.6
Bangladesh 10,606 0.8 11,771 0.8 12,618 0.9 16,374 1.1 18,660 1.1
Brazil 8,128 0.6 7,154 0.5 6,017 0.4 6,477 0.4 8,161 0.5
Canada 19,599 1.5 22,469 1.5 24,591 1.7 26,199 1.7 31,989 1.8
Chile 4,556 0.3 5,735 0.4 5,225 0.4 5,715 0.4 7,555 0.4
Denmark 3,625 0.3 3,908 0.3 3,881 0.3 3,804 0.3 5,561 0.3
France 25,211 1.9 34,513 2.4 26,176 1.8 22,860 1.5 26,265 1.5
Hong Kong 16,945 1.3 18,395 1.3 18,439 1.3 20,218 1.3 25,943 1.5
Hungary 708 0.1 1,123 0.1 1,610 0.1 3,367 0.2 4,958 0.3
Indonesia 4,791 0.4 5,884 0.4 4,798 0.3 6,093 0.4 7,159 0.4
Iran 26,465 2.0 23,635 1.6 21,173 1.5 25,155 1.7 27,002 1.6
Iraq 11,594 0.9 12,013 0.8 14,291 1.0 16,253 1.1 22,392 1.3
Ireland, Republic of 5,534 0.4 6,487 0.4 4,771 0.3 5,408 0.4 6,632 0.4
Israel 12,928 1.0 16,918 1.2 15,981 1.1 13,051 0.9 12,497 0.7
Japan 28,977 2.2 31,003 2.1 29,312 2.0 29,384 2.0 31,882 1.8
Jordan 5,686 0.4 5,880 0.4 5,228 0.4 4,752 0.3 6,151 0.4
Kuwait 7,611 0.6 6,929 0.5 5,422 0.4 4,205 0.3 5,067 0.3
Lebanon 2,593 0.2 3,537 0.2 3,414 0.2 4,550 0.3 5,611 0.3
Libya 2,868 0.2 5,990 0.4 4,485 0.3 6,752 0.4 8,005 0.5
Malaysia 6,047 0.5 5,830 0.4 4,967 0.3 5,243 0.3 8,245 0.5
Maldives 7,652 0.6 11,535 0.8 10,511 0.7 13,878 0.9 16,459 1.0
Mexico 13,174 1.0 14,585 1.0 14,427 1.0 19,253 1.3 25,081 1.4
Pakistan 10,726 0.8 9,700 0.7 9,948 0.7 9,296 0.6 11,287 0.7
Philippines 1,077 0.1 4,504 0.3 2,354 0.2 2,153 0.1 5,672 0.3
Poland 6,125 0.5 6,861 0.5 5,906 0.4 6,738 0.4 7,249 0.4
Russia 36,144 2.7 35,749 2.5 26,320 1.8 26,501 1.8 31,991 1.8
Saudi Arabia 8,225 0.6 9,577 0.7 11,061 0.8 9,467 0.6 11,617 0.7
Singapore 13,566 1.0 18,413 1.3 11,274 0.8 16,543 1.1 28,878 1.7
South Africa 4,003 0.3 4,330 0.3 4,318 0.3 4,750 0.3 6,429 0.4
South Korea 10,116 0.8 9,551 0.7 8,734 0.6 10,020 0.7 9,613 0.6
Spain 8,680 0.6 8,534 0.6 10,295 0.7 11,966 0.8 11,303 0.7
Sweden 7,929 0.6 9,278 0.6 8,739 0.6 10,009 0.7 11,951 0.7
Switzerland 13,835 1.0 16,958 1.2 13,131 0.9 14,283 1.0 14,810 0.9
Syria 12,483 0.9 8,078 0.6 6,538 0.5 7,979 0.5 6,361 0.4
Taiwan 3,985 0.3 5,152 0.4 6,036 0.4 5,670 0.4 7,560 0.4
Thailand 8,584 0.6 8,918 0.6 7,251 0.5 6,977 0.5 8,469 0.5
Vietnam 5,461 0.4 9,696 0.7 9,896 0.7 13,793 0.9 15,229 0.9
Other 126,334 9.4 107,268 7.4 121,083 8.4 111,644 7.4 122,688 7.1
European Union (EU)(c) 422,591 31.5 455,926 31.4 411,044 28.7 451,507 30.1 503,227 29.1
Asian Clearing Union (ACU)(d)
126,429 9.4 138,980 9.6 142,413 9.9 145,689 9.7 179,414 10.4
SAARC Region(e) 99,825 7.4 115,097 7.9 121,085 8.4 120,453 8.0 152,213 8.8
(f)
Middle East 144,228 10.7 158,028 10.9 145,195 10.1 140,437 9.4 176,351 10.2
(g)
APTA Region 107,793 8.0 127,634 8.8 150,784 10.5 138,263 9.2 171,641 9.9
BIMSTEC(h) 90,169 6.7 103,029 7.1 108,032 7.5 104,337 7.0 133,136 7.7
(i)
C.I.S. Countries 54,048 4.0 52,627 3.6 38,563 2.7 39,913 2.7 49,365 2.9
( a) The countries which are not mentioned have relatively smaller value of exports. Sources : National Gem and Jewellery Authority
(b) Provisional Sri Lanka Customs
(c) Members of the European Union are Austria, Belgium-Luxembourg, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and UK.
(d) Members of the Asian Clearing Union are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
(e) South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation. Its members are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
(f) Middle Eastern countries are Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, UAE and Yemen.
(g) Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement. Its members are Bangladesh, China, India, Laos, Mongolia, South Korea and Sri Lanka.
(h) Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation. Its members are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Sri Lanka
(i) Members of the Commonwealth of Independent States are Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.
87
Table 8.6
Direction of Trade – Imports(a) 2013 – 2017
Value in Rs. Million
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(b)

Group of Countries
Share Share Share Share Share
Value Value Value Value Value
(%) (%) (%) (%) (%)
Largest Import Origins

India 409,375 17.6 525,264 20.7 580,237 22.5 555,505 19.9 690,229 21.6
China, People's Republic of 381,275 16.4 456,130 18.0 504,619 19.6 581,824(c) 20.8 603,042 18.9
United Arab Emirates 152,253 6.6 239,945 9.5 145,016 5.6 162,935 5.8 258,751 8.1
Singapore 217,180 9.3 164,485 6.5 144,538 5.6 171,065 6.1 206,117 6.4
Japan 86,243 3.7 122,886 4.8 188,853 7.3 138,379 5.0 158,318 4.9
Malaysia 73,608 3.2 97,205 3.8 69,116 2.7 92,875 3.3 97,232 3.0
Thailand 56,366 2.4 57,741 2.3 67,507 2.6 74,968 2.7 78,988 2.5
United States of America 53,765 2.3 64,275 2.5 63,991 2.5 78,550 2.8 74,937 2.3
Taiwan 56,213 2.4 57,882 2.3 62,485 2.4 72,232 2.6 73,490 2.3
Hong Kong 55,493 2.4 45,867 1.8 49,668 1.9 67,895 2.4 64,340 2.0

Other Import Origins
Australia 27,531 1.2 30,996 1.2 36,500 1.4 28,598 1.0 37,562 1.2
Austria 5,903 0.3 8,109 0.3 11,056 0.4 14,567 0.5 10,216 0.3
Belgium – Luxembourg 28,361 1.2 15,742 0.6 20,137 0.8 10,424 0.4 12,006 0.4
Brazil 16,484 0.7 16,829 0.7 17,316 0.7 28,143 1.6 19,096 0.6
Canada 29,537 1.3 40,442 1.6 39,837 1.5 36,744 1.3 34,621 1.1
Denmark 7,391 0.3 8,142 0.3 5,882 0.2 8,841 0.3 6,839 0.2
France 16,906 0.7 21,249 0.8 15,841 0.6 21,496 0.8 24,364 0.8
Germany 49,630 2.1 42,690 1.7 47,155 1.8 63,368 2.3 61,052 1.9
Indonesia 56,663 2.4 58,906 2.3 62,435 2.4 56,516 2.0 56,899 1.8
Israel 9,867 0.4 9,196 0.4 7,022 0.3 11,788 0.4 10,143 0.3
Italy 32,569 1.4 34,590 1.4 28,477 1.1 40,235 1.4 46,506 1.5
Maldives 1,692 0.1 1,311 0.1 3,128 0.1 13,049 0.5 24,934 0.8
Myanmar 1,155 … 3,881 0.2 2,918 0.1 4,644 0.2 12,198 0.4
Netherland 11,090 0.5 10,971 0.4 15,614 0.6 16,498 0.6 11,852 0.4
New Zealand 28,213 1.2 33,062 1.3 25,211 1.0 28,563 1.0 43,736 1.4
Oman 99,624 4.3 73,095 2.9 25,680 1.0 4,669 0.2 11,837 0.4
Pakistan 48,846 2.1 36,505 1.4 40,411 1.6 44,310 1.6 53,216 1.7
Qatar 6,840 0.3 7,462 0.3 4,836 0.2 4,386 0.2 8,053 0.3
Russia 19,288 0.8 34,009 1.3 32,775 1.3 29,076 1.0 26,655 0.8
Saudi Arabia 11,301 0.5 14,312 0.6 15,763 0.6 19,709 0.7 22,816 0.7
South Africa 4,697 0.2 2,820 0.1 11,666 0.5 28,874 1.0 43,678 1.4
South Korea 37,195 1.6 51,187 2.0 40,267 1.6 47,113 1.7 50,773 1.6
Spain 5,926 0.3 6,587 0.3 5,642 0.2 11,303 0.4 13,323 0.4
Sweden 9,011 0.4 7,070 0.3 11,659 0.5 9,389 0.3 9,980 0.3
Switzerland 31,195 1.3 16,915 0.7 17,295 0.7 39,968 1.4 46,362 1.4
Turkey 5,192 0.2 6,713 0.3 6,744 0.3 10,074 0.4 12,963 0.4
Ukraine 3,714 0.2 629 … 593 … 9,181 0.3 17,377 0.5
United Kingdom 36,292 1.6 37,888 1.5 49,506 1.9 47,663 1.7 40,859 1.3
Vietnam 23,429 1.0 25,090 1.0 33,247 1.3 39,276 1.4 42,828 1.3
Other 117,021 5.0 46,983 1.9 63,284 2.5 68,287(c) 2.4 80,339 2.5
European Union (EU)(d) 214,973 9.2 207,323 8.2 228,907 8.9 264,765 9.5 261,080 8.2
Asian Clearing Union (ACU)(e)
465,797 20.0 571,396 22.5 632,781 24.6 622,834 22.3 788,878 24.7
(f)
SAARC Region 463,164 19.9 566,491 22.3 628,912 24.4 617,179 22.1 775,058 24.2
Middle East(g) 293,321 12.6 355,935 14.0 212,383 8.3 220,230 7.9 332,390 10.4
APTA Region(h) 831,093 35.8 1,036,350 40.9 1,131,106 43.9 1,190,172 42.6 1,351,849 42.3
BIMSTEC(i) 470,139 20.2 590,294 23.3 655,795 25.5 639,424 22.9 788,077 24.6
(j)
C.I.S. Countries 29,921 1.3 37,229 1.5 39,151 1.5 42,130 1.5 48,530 1.5
( a) The countries which are not mentioned have relatively smaller value of imports. Sources : Ceylon Petroleum Corporation
(b) Provisional Lanka IOC PLC
(c) Revised Prima Ceylon Ltd
(d) Members of the European Union are Austria, Belgium – Luxembourg, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Serendib Flour Mills (Pvt) Ltd.
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Sri Lanka Customs
Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Spain, Sweden and UK.
(e) Members of the Asian Clearing Union are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
(f) South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation. Its members are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
(g) Middle Eastern countries are Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, UAE and Yemen.
(h) Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement. Its members are Bangladesh, China, India, Laos, Mongolia, South Korea and Sri Lanka.
(i) Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation. Its members are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Sri Lanka
(j) Members of the Commonwealth of Independent States are Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine
and Uzbekistan.
… – Negligible
88
Table 8.7
Central Bank Trade Indices – Value(a) 2013 – 2017 (2010 = 100)
Category 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(b)
Total Exports 137.9 149.1 146.8 153.9 177.7

Agricultural 128.1 140.0 129.3 130.0 161.9
Tea 122.5 130.6 111.8 113.5 143.3
Rubber 47.0 30.2 18.1 24.3 30.2
Coconut Products 141.4 248.4 254.9 284.5 283.2
Minor Agricultural Products 162.5 267.2 270.0 205.5 261.9
Industrial Products 145.5 156.6 158.0 167.8 189.1
Textiles and Garments 153.8 169.8 172.7 187.4 202.3
Petroleum Products 185.2 148.3 169.6 140.4 222.7
Rubber Products 182.4 184.6 164.1 177.6 202.5
Mineral Products 245.6 283.5 139.7 154.0 192.2
Total Imports 153.2 167.2 169.7 184.3(c)

211.0
Consumer Goods 146.9 179.8 228.9 224.8 245.4
Food and Beverages 118.0 142.6 147.6 158.5 187.6
Other Consumer Goods 180.2 222.5 322.2 301.0 311.7
Intermediate Goods 149.7 163.5 143.9 158.0 191.6
Fuel 161.7 174.6 106.6 105.3 152.0
Textiles and Textile Articles 129.2 148.6 152.5 192.6 203.1
Fertiliser 114.0 131.1 145.7 73.3 57.8
Chemical Products 161.2 179.5 201.1 212.1 216.4
Wheat and Maize 138.5 176.1 162.1 120.7 181.3
Investment Goods 176.1 174.1 199.3 232.9(c) 239.5
Machinery and Equipment 189.5 184.0 204.9 263.9 264.1
Transport Equipment 128.6 137.9 188.0 144.2(c) 153.6
Building Materials 188.4 184.0 198.2 246.0 261.2
(a) The value index is computed as a simple index of the ratio of Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
rupee values between the current period and the base period.
(b) Provisional
(c) Revised
Table 8.8
Central Bank Trade Indices – Volume (a)
2013 – 2017 (2010 = 100)
Category 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(b)
Total Exports
117.3 122.3 128.0 127.0 136.7
Agricultural 97.4 103.2 95.6 90.8 96.5
Tea 95.0 98.5 91.3 86.2 87.4
Rubber 45.5 32.3 21.0 27.2 31.4
Rubber Products 109.0 108.1 96.9 104.2 109.4
Total Imports 122.3 134.0 148.2 158.5(c) 171.3

Consumer Goods 119.2 143.3 177.9 156.5 167.4
Fuel 103.4 117.7 116.6 129.5 150.7
Fertiliser 88.4 112.6 129.5 68.6 53.7
Wheat and Maize 84.8 123.5 121.3 92.7 134.0
(a) Volume index is computed as a Laspeyre’s index. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Provisional
(c) Revised
89
Table 8.9
Central Bank Trade Indices – Unit Value(a) 2013 – 2017 (2010 = 100)
Category 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(b)
Total Exports
117.5 121.9 114.7 121.2 130.0
Agricultural 131.6 135.6 135.3 143.2 167.7
Tea 129.0 132.6 122.5 131.6 164.0
Rubber 103.2 93.5 86.2 89.4 96.3
Rubber Products 167.3 170.7 169.3 170.5 185.0
Total Imports 125.3 124.8 114.5 116.3(c) 123.2

Consumer Goods 123.2 125.4 128.7 143.6 146.6
Fuel 156.4 148.3 91.4 81.3 100.8
Fertiliser 129.0 116.4 112.5 106.9 107.7
Wheat and Maize 163.3 142.6 133.6 130.2 135.3
Terms of Trade 93.8 97.6 100.2 104.2(c) 105.6
(a) Paasche unit value index is derived by using the rupee value index and the volume index. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Provisional
(c) Revised
Table 8.10
Exchange Rates – Year End 2008 – 2017
Sri Lanka Rupees per Unit of Foreign Currency
Country Currency 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Australia Dollar 78.05 101.99 112.88 115.58 132.24 116.67 107.64 105.10 108.43 119.10
Canada Dollar 92.76 109.29 110.90 111.58 127.83 122.73 113.12 103.89 111.17 121.61
Denmark Kroner 21.40 22.00 19.79 19.83 22.54 24.19 21.40 21.09 21.24 24.51
European Union Euro 159.45 163.72 147.56 147.42 168.13 180.45 159.42 157.37 157.87 182.49
Hongkong Dollar 14.60 14.75 14.26 14.66 16.40 16.86 16.89 18.59 19.32 19.55
India Rupee 2.36 2.46 2.48 2.15 2.33 2.11 2.07 2.17 2.21 2.39
Japan Yen 1.25 1.24 1.36 1.47 1.48 1.25 1.10 1.20 1.29 1.36
Kuwait Dinar 409.56 398.27 394.12 408.73 452.16 463.01 447.86 474.48 489.30 505.92
Malaysia Ringgit 32.58 33.33 35.98 35.83 41.57 39.77 37.52 33.52 33.40 37.63
New Zealand Dollar 65.39 81.85 85.63 88.01 104.81 107.50 102.83 98.63 104.35 108.49
Norway Kroner 16.13 19.64 18.86 18.97 22.79 21.51 17.66 16.38 17.38 18.53
Pakistan Rupee 1.44 1.36 1.29 1.27 1.31 1.24 1.30 1.37 1.43 1.38
Saudi Arabia Riyal 30.15 30.49 29.59 30.37 33.91 34.86 34.92 38.39 39.93 40.76
Singapore Dollar 78.60 81.32 86.14 87.58 104.01 103.26 99.25 101.84 103.67 114.32
South Africa Rand 12.07 15.39 16.74 13.93 15.01 12.54 11.34 9.27 11.04 12.32
Sweden Kroner 14.59 15.83 16.45 16.50 19.56 20.36 16.93 17.12 16.49 18.53
Switzerland Franc 106.94 110.08 118.51 121.02 139.28 147.29 132.59 145.71 146.91 156.17
United Arab Emirates Dirham 30.80 31.14 30.21 31.01 34.62 35.60 35.68 39.23 40.79 41.61
United Kingdom Pound 163.28 181.75 171.41 175.45 205.47 215.58 204.04 213.57 184.04 205.54
United States of America Dollar 113.14 114.38 110.95 113.90 127.16 130.75 131.05 144.06 149.80 152.85
Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka

90
Table 8.11(A)
Balance of Payments(a) 2003 – 2011
Rs. Million
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Trade Balance -148,324 -227,171 -253,082 -350,037 -404,703 -647,207 -358,707 -545,350 -1,073,900
Exports 495,426 583,967 638,276 716,579 845,683 878,499 813,911 974,387 1,167,588
Imports 643,750 811,138 891,359 1,066,615 1,250,386 1,525,705 1,172,618 1,519,737 2,241,488
Services (net) 38,443 42,735 34,043 26,660 33,357 43,557 44,780 79,766 121,635
Receipts 136,123 154,746 154,877 168,802 196,249 217,180 217,378 279,634 340,977
Payments 97,680 112,011 120,833 142,142 162,892 173,623 172,598 199,868 219,342
Income (net) -16,535 -20,688 -30,049 -40,424 -39,054 -105,032 -55,814 -69,776 -72,041
Receipts 16,385 15,813 3,629 32,457 50,213 -3,133 13,551 36,508 51,102
Payments 32,920 36,501 33,678 72,881 89,267 101,899 69,365 106,284 123,143
Goods, Services and Income (net) -126,416 -205,124 -249,088 -363,801 -410,400 -708,682 -369,740 -535,360 -1,024,306
Current Transfers (net) 119,791 139,710 183,842 208,385 255,684 288,639 345,498 413,885 513,216
Private Transfers (net) 116,350 136,672 174,542 197,861 245,006 277,711 336,578 407,967 506,630
Receipts 136,475 158,291 197,968 224,678 276,814 316,091 382,818 465,166 569,103
Payments 20,125 21,619 23,426 26,817 31,808 38,380 46,240 57,199 62,473
Official Transfers (net) 3,441 3,038 9,300 10,524 10,677 10,928 8,920 5,918 6,587
Current Account Balance -6,625 -65,414 -65,246 -155,416 -154,717 -420,042 -24,242 -121,475 -511,090
Capital and Financial Account (net) 69,723 60,539 123,865 190,769 230,978 193,714 299,381 322,035 458,639
Capital Account (net) 7,146 4,974 25,108 30,292 29,669 31,456 26,832 18,521 18,126
Capital Transfers (net) 7,146 4,974 25,108 30,292 29,669 31,456 26,832 18,521 18,126
Receipts 7,768 5,643 25,863 31,171 30,735 32,774 28,465 20,599 20,382
Payments 622 669 755 879 1,066 1,319 1,633 2,078 2,256
Financial Account 62,577 55,565 98,757 160,477 201,309 162,258 272,550 303,515 440,513
Long-term (net) 69,721 69,805 80,391 95,089 140,054 109,174 149,772 268,228 364,307
Direct Investment 19,450 22,826 23,505 46,985 60,768 74,837 44,112 49,008 99,265
Foreign Direct Investment (net) 16,557 21,948 23,505 46,985 60,768 74,837 44,112 49,008 99,265
Privatisation Proceeds 2,893 878 – – – – – – –
Private Long-term (net) -3,201 2,270 1,054 -3,590 3,314 7,768 9,105 17,569 19,489
Inflows 9,738 17,503 19,739 14,469 22,033 28,693 44,795 65,934 34,376
Outflows 12,939 15,233 18,685 18,058 18,719 20,925 35,691 48,365 14,887
Government Long-term (net) 53,472 44,709 55,832 51,694 75,971 26,568 96,555 201,650 245,553
Inflows 88,106 78,299 75,309 97,690 144,146 114,658 204,435 276,582 333,307
Outflows 34,634 33,590 19,477 45,996 68,175 88,090 107,880 74,932 87,754
Short-term (net) 2,086 3,623 7,743 2,311 53,861 47,052 182,911 -82,412 -20,073
Portfolio Investment (net) 209 1,109 6,103 5,377 11,249 6,460 -785 -26,010 -18,979
Private Short-term (net) 1,877 2,514 1,640 -3,066 1,868 63,987 26,108 -116,655 -26,887
Government Short-term (net) – – – – 40,744 -23,395 157,588 60,252 25,794
Commercial Bank (net) -9,231 -17,863 10,623 63,076 7,394 6,031 -60,134 117,699 96,279
Commercial Bank Assets (net) -9,090 -45,367 -19,669 23,789 -31,352 17,889 -51,298 33,343 14,724
Commercial Bank Liabilities (net)(b) -141 27,504 30,292 39,287 38,746 -11,858 -8,836 84,356 81,555
Allocations of SDRs(c) –
– – – – – 58,353 – –
Errors and Omissions -14,487 -2,599 -10,494 -1,830 -16,259 80,534 40,082 -112,586 -53,399
Overall Balance 48,610 -7,474 48,125 33,523 60,002 -145,795 315,221 87,974 -105,850
Monetary Movements -48,610 7,474 -48,125 -33,523 -60,002 145,795 -315,221 -87,974 105,850
Average Exchange Rate Rs./US $ 96.52 101.19 100.50 103.96 110.62 108.33 114.94 113.06 110.57
Ratio to GDP in percentages(d)
Trade Account -8.4 -10.9 -10.3 -11.9 -11.3 -14.7 -7.4 -9.7 -16.4
Current Account -0.4 -3.1 -2.7 -5.3 -4.3 -9.5 -0.5 -2.2 -7.8
Current Account without Grants -0.6 -3.3 -3.0 -5.7 -4.6 9.8 -0.7 -2.3 -7.9
(a) This presentation conforms as far as possible to the Balance of Payments Manual, 5th Edition (1993) Sources : Board of Investment of Sri Lanka
of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). In addition, beginning 1994, Offshore Banking Units have been Colombo Stock Exchange
treated as a part of the domestic banking system. Department of Census and Statistics
External Resources Department
(b) Commercial Bank liabilities include US dollars 973 million inflows in the form of long-term foreign
Sri Lanka Customs
borrowings in 2012.
(c) General and special allocations of Special Drawings Rights (SDRs) by the IMF.
(d) Based on GDP at current market prices published by the Department of Census and Statistics.
91
Table 8.11(B)
Balance of Payments(a) 2003 – 2011
US dollars Million
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Trade Balance -1,539 -2,243 -2,516 -3,370 -3,656 -5,981 -3,122 -4,825 -9,710
Exports 5,133 5,757 6,347 6,883 7,640 8,111 7,085 8,626 10,559
Imports 6,672 8,000 8,863 10,253 11,296 14,091 10,207 13,451 20,269
Services (net) 399 419 338 257 302 401 391 707 1,099
Receipts 1,411 1,527 1,540 1,625 1,775 2,004 1,892 2,474 3,084
Payments 1,012 1,108 1,202 1,368 1,472 1,603 1,501 1,768 1,985
Income (net) -172 -204 -299 -389 -358 -972 -488 -617 -647
Receipts 170 157 35 311 449 -32 116 323 467
Payments 341 360 335 700 807 940 603 940 1,114
Goods, Services and Income (net) -1,312 -2,028 -2,478 -3,502 -3,712 -6,552 -3,219 -4,735 -9,258
Current Transfers (net) 1,241 1,380 1,828 2,004 2,311 2,666 3,005 3,660 4,643
Private Transfers (net) 1,205 1,350 1,736 1,904 2,214 2,565 2,927 3,608 4,583
Receipts 1,414 1,564 1,968 2,161 2,502 2,918 3,330 4,116 5,145
Payments 209 214 233 257 288 353 403 508 562
Official Transfers (net) 36 30 93 101 97 101 77 52 60
Current Account Balance -71 -648 -650 -1,499 -1,402 -3,886 -214 -1,075 -4,615
Capital and Financial Account (net) 722 631 1,224 1,808 2,097 1,774 2,594 2,877 4,262
Capital Account (net) 74 64 250 291 269 291 233 164 164
Capital Transfers (net) 74 64 250 291 269 291 233 164 164
Receipts 81 71 257 299 278 303 247 182 185
Payments 6 7 7 8 10 12 14 19 20
Financial Account 648 567 974 1,517 1,828 1,483 2,361 2,713 4,098
Long-term (net) 722 680 798 907 1,251 1,016 1,304 2,379 3,308
Direct Investment 201 227 234 451 548 691 384 435 896
Foreign Direct Investment (net) 171 217 234 451 548 691 384 435 896
Privatisation Proceeds 30 10 – – – – – – –
Private Long-term (net) -33 14 11 -35 31 74 79 149 175
Inflows 101 169 197 139 199 265 390 580 310
Outflows 134 155 186 174 168 191 311 431 135
Government Long-term (net) 554 439 553 491 672 252 840 1,796 2,237
Inflows 913 771 747 932 1,290 1,059 1,780 2,460 3,026
Outflows 359 331 194 441 618 807 940 665 789
Short-term (net) 21 39 77 21 493 441 1,590 -730 -181
Portfolio Investment (net) 2 11 60 51 101 60 -6 -230 -171
Private Short-term (net) 19 28 16 -30 20 594 228 -1,032 -243
Government Short-term (net) – – – – 372 -213 1,369 531 233
Commercial Bank (net) 96 -152 100 590 83 26 -533 1,064 971
Commercial Bank Assets (net) -94 -354 -223 297 -281 210 -435 249 183
Commercial Bank Liabilities (net)(b) -2 202 323 293 364 -185 -98 815 788
Allocations of SDRs(c) –
– – – – – 508 – –
Errors and Omissions -148 -189 -72 -105 -165 728 346 -881 -708
Overall Balance 502 -205 501 204 531 -1,385 2,725 921 -1,061
Monetary Movements -502 205 -501 -204 -531 1,385 -2,725 -921 1,061
Average Exchange Rate Rs./US $ 96.52 101.19 100.50 103.96 110.62 108.33 114.94 113.06 110.57
Ratio to GDP in percentages(d)
Trade Account -8.4 -10.9 -10.3 -11.9 -11.3 -14.7 -7.4 -9.7 -16.4
Current Account -0.4 -3.1 -2.7 -5.3 -4.3 -9.5 -0.5 -2.2 -7.8
Current Account without Grants -0.6 -3.3 -3.0 -5.7 -4.6 -9.8 -0.7 -2.3 -7.9
(a) This presentation conforms as far as possible to the Balance of Payments Manual, 5th Edition (1993) of Sources : Board of Investment of Sri Lanka
the International Monetary Fund (IMF). In addition, beginning 1994, Offshore Banking Units have been Colombo Stock Exchange
treated as a part of the domestic banking system. Department of Census and Statistics
External Resources Department
(b) Commercial Bank liabilities include US dollars 973 million inflows in the form of long-term foreign
Sri Lanka Customs
borrowings in 2012.
(c) General and special allocations of Special Drawings Rights (SDRs) by the IMF.
(d) Based on GDP at current market prices published by the Department of Census and Statistics.
92
Table 8.11(C)
Balance of Payments(a)
Rs. Million US dollars Million

Item
(b) (c)
2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016(b) 2017(c)
Current Account -259,436 -257,524 -254,159 -350,695 -1,988 -1,883 -1,742 -2,309
Trade Balance
-1,081,987 -1,141,035 -1,293,627 -1,466,133 -8,287 -8,388 -8,873 -9,619
Exports 1,453,176 1,431,431 1,500,766 1,732,440 11,130 10,546 10,310 11,360
Imports 2,535,163 2,572,467 2,794,393 3,198,572 19,417 18,935 19,183 20,980
Services (net) 245,496 316,170 419,338 508,790 1,880 2,325 2,879 3,338
Receipts 731,863 869,634 1,039,283 1,182,738 5,605 6,397 7,138 7,760
Payments 486,367 553,464 619,945 673,949 3,725 4,072 4,259 4,421
Primary Income (net) -235,000 -274,740 -319,652 -357,668 -1,808 -2,013 -2,202 -2,355
Receipts 20,263 17,253 18,499 24,414 155 127 127 160
Payments 255,263 291,994 338,151 382,082 1,963 2,140 2,329 2,515
Secondary Income (net) 813,128 842,082 939,782 964,316 6,227 6,193 6,453 6,327
Private Transfers (net) 809,437 838,471 936,990 962,682 6,199 6,167 6,434 6,316
Receipts 916,344 948,957 1,054,489 1,091,972 7,018 6,980 7,242 7,164
Payments 106,906 110,486 117,498 129,291 819 814 807 848
Official Transfers (net) 3,691 3,610 2,792 1,634 28 27 19 11
Capital Account (net) 7,684 6,256 3,745 1,667 58 46 25 11
Current Account + Capital Account -250,679 -251,268 -250,414 -349,028 -1,929 -1,836 -1,717 -2,298
Financial Account -200,261 -346,198 -317,181 -336,145 -1,536 -2,312 -2,182 -2,184
Net Acquisition of Assets 338,335 121,053 7,128 448,927 2,588 911 31 2,944
Direct Investment 8,725 7,199 34,476 8,162 67 53 237 72
Portfolio Investment -29 3 -1 -12 … … ... …
Debt Securities -29 3 -1 -12 … … ... …
Other Investment 127,197 70,962 38,245 16,297 973 503 266 102
Currency and Deposits 36,115 21,127 538 12,094 276 143 5 78
Trade Credit and Advances 50,000 15,807 -17,114 8,322 383 116 -118 54
Other Accounts Receivable 41,082 34,028 54,821 -4,119 314 244 379 -31
Reserve Assets 202,442 42,890 -65,593 424,480 1,548 354 -472 2,771
Net Incurrence of Liabilities 538,595 467,252 324,309 785,072 4,124 3,223 2,213 5,128
Direct Investment 116,721 93,528 131,839 210,361 894 680 897 1,375
Portfolio Investment 269,768 101,935 144,665 271,168 2,065 686 993 1,772
Equity and Investment Fund Shares 23,275 -8,185 3,684 54,606 178 -60 24 359
Debt Securities 246,492 110,121 140,981 216,562 1,887 747 969 1,413
Other Investment 152,107 271,788 47,806 303,543 1,165 1,857 323 1,981
Currency and Deposits -38,152 209,324 -87,671 -33,698 -292 1,457 -609 -228
Loans 223,475 105,244 114,419 280,407 1,713 759 793 1,839
Trade Credit and Advances -53,145 -54,437 12,466 47,019 -407 -401 84 309
Other Accounts Payable 19,929 11,657 8,592 9,815 151 41 55 61

Errors and Omissions 51,492 -94,930 -66,767 12,883 393 -476 -465 114
Overall balance 180,904 -129,654 -46,013 330,004 1,369 -1,489 -500 2,068
(a) The classification used in this table follows the Balance of Payments Manual 6th edition (2009) of the IMF. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Revised
(c) Provisional
… – Negligible
93
Table 8.12
Workers’ Remittances 2008 – 2017
Region 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Rs. Million
Middle East 189,039 229,298 279,688 335,201 428,593 460,195 509,487 512,437 566,260 565,642
European Union 56,901 69,287 81,905 97,886 136,752 149,812 165,858 166,068 186,645 199,831
Far East Asia 18,967 23,351 27,922 44,390 64,938 72,009 79,722 94,896 107,558 125,577
Europe Other 13,909 17,035 20,011 25,610 35,143 39,729 43,984 41,754 48,506 50,231
North America 12,329 14,546 15,823 17,073 22,155 24,003 26,574 28,469 30,580 31,667
South East Asia 9,800 11,484 16,288 22,764 33,615 37,246 41,235 53,142 57,997 60,058
Australia and New Zealand 6,006 6,508 9,307 11,382 16,808 19,037 21,076 21,826 25,308 26,207
South Asia 3,477 4,594 6,515 5,691 11,460 10,760 11,912 13,285 15,817 16,380
South and Central America 2,529 3,254 3,956 4,553 6,112 7,449 8,247 8,541 7,381 7,644
Other 3,161 3,445 3,956 4,553 8,404 7,449 8,247 8,541 8,436 8,736
Total 316,118 382,801 465,372 569,103 763,980 827,689 916,344 948,957
1,054,489
1,091,972
US Dollars Million
Middle East 1,745 1,995 2,474 3,030 3,358 3,562 3,902 3,769 3,889 3,711
European Union 525 603 724 885 1,071 1,160 1,270 1,222 1,282 1,311
Far East Asia 175 203 247 401 509 557 611 698 739 824
Europe Other 128 148 177 232 275 308 337 307 333 330
North America 114 127 140 154 174 186 204 209 210 208
South East Asia 90 100 144 206 263 288 316 391 398 394
Australia and New Zealand 55 57 82 103 132 147 161 161 174 172
South Asia 32 40 58 51 90 83 91 98 109 107
South and Central America 23 28 35 41 48 58 63 63 51 50
Other 29 30 35 41 66 58 63 63 58 57
Total 2,918 3,330 4,116 5,145 5,985 6,407 7,018 6,980 7,242 7,164
Share (%)
Middle East 59.8 59.9 60.1 58.9 56.1 55.6 55.6 54.0 53.7 51.8
European Union 18.0 18.1 17.6 17.2 17.9 18.1 18.1 17.5 17.7 18.3
Far East Asia 6.0 6.1 6.0 7.8 8.5 8.7 8.7 10.0 10.2 11.5
Europe Other 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.4 4.6 4.6
North America 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9
South East Asia 3.1 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.4 4.5 4.5 5.6 5.5 5.5
Australia and New Zealand 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4
South Asia 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5
South and Central America 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7
Other 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

94
Table 8.13
Tourism 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Total Tourist Arrivals 438,475 447,890 654,476 855,975 1,005,605 1,274,593 1,527,153 1,798,380 2,050,832 2,116,407
Tourist Arrivals by Region

Europe 196,627 196,433 292,378 364,459 445,464 546,732 633,160 700,900 804,504 842,868
Asia 173,042 174,534 244,124 333,841 380,289 509,653 650,810 822,272 938,697 962,395
North America 24,311 24,948 40,216 49,057 59,236 65,616 72,653 84,943 98,376 104,375
Australasia 21,839 26,068 37,290 46,467 57,776 60,836 65,252 71,672 83,851 92,003
Middle East 16,776 23,741 37,540 57,501 56,169 80,509 88,991 101,066 107,635 95,581
Africa 2,141 1,549 2,308 3,614 5,045 8,081 12,163 12,899 12,144 12,703
Latin America & Caribbeans 3,739 617 620 1,036 1,626 3,166 4,124 4,628 5,625 6,482

Tourist Arrivals by Purpose of Visits
Pleasure 321,079 358,188 516,538 687,830 748,436 915,208 1,037,644 1,198,240 1,710,027 1,776,503
Business 37,261 38,473 83,270 68,436 90,040 67,946 20,270 23,323 37,121 60,940
Other 80,135 51,229 54,668 99,709 167,129 291,439 469,239 576,817 303,684 278,964
Excursionist Arrivals 87,695 89,526 112,497 119,875 126,523 140,009 138,097 195,134 116,544 131,409
Total Charter Carrier Arrivals 13,429 5,469 14,675 15,122 18,681 17,387 5,965 4,068 13,144 n.a.

Establishments Providing
Accommodation 834 871 783 906 1,199 967 1,599 1,763 1,940 2,094
Graded Establishments 256 242 253 252 269 279 334(b) 354 382 401
Rooms 14,793 14,461 14,714 14,653 15,510 16,223 18,510(b) 19,376(b) 22,126(b) 23,477
Beds 28,698 28,344 28,978 28,844 30,880 32,284 36,883(b) 38,370(b) 46,114(b) 48,008
Supplementary Establishments 578 629 530 654 930 688 1,265(b) 1,409 1,558 1,693
Rooms 5,319 5,946 5,895 6,141 8,207 7,373 9,916(b) 10,702 11,535 12,509
Beds 9,712 11,654 11,210 11,601 13,347 14,450 18,340(b) 20,211 21,570 23,469
Annual Room Occupancy Rate, % 43.9 48.4 70.1 77.1 71.2 71.7 74.3 74.5 74.8 73.3

Employment in Tourist Industry 123,134 124,970 132,055 138,685 162,869 270,150 299,890 319,436 335,659 359,215
Direct Employment 51,306 52,071 55,023 57,786 67,862 112,550 129,790 135,930 146,115 156,369
Estimated Indirect Employment 71,828 72,899 77,032 80,899 95,007 157,600 170,100 183,506 189,544 202,846

Gross Tourist Receipts
Rs. Mn. 37,094 40,133 65,018 91,926 132,427 221,720 317,479 405,492 512,373(b) 598,143
US $ Mn. 342 350 576 830 1,039 1,715 2,431 2,981 3,518(b) 3,925
(a) Provisional Sources : Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority

(b) Revised
Note : The term “tourist” is used to describe visitors who spend one night or more in the country.
The term “excursionist” identifies those who do not make an overnight stay but spend several hours in the country.
95
Table 8.14
External Debt and Debt Service Payments 2008 – 2017
Rs. Million
Category 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016(a) 2017(b)
External Debt
Short-term 467,157 611,916 666,567 825,562 816,246 885,234 964,424 1,105,732 1,176,715 1,267,565
General Government – – – 66,306 73,240 66,331 52,260 4,813 11,943 25,485
Central Bank – – – 93,299 29,545 38,029 58,073 69,536 80,315 91,074
Deposit-Taking Corporations,
except the Central Bank – – – 383,427 470,619 507,795 622,035 830,153 862,694 877,443
Other Sectors – – – 282,530 242,841 273,080 232,056 201,230 221,763 273,563
Long-term 1,543,952 1,780,313 2,088,449 2,904,462 3,901,083 4,332,500 4,672,034 5,357,141 5,722,601 6,653,952
General Government – – – 2,243,132 2,740,138 2,848,167 3,110,214 3,550,762 4,010,319 4,780,900
Central Bank – – – 287,627 421,676 348,424 238,604 337,135 221,335 203,083
Deposit-Taking Corporations,
except the Central Bank – – – – 154,471 375,872 443,737 488,860 453,102 454,081
Other Sectors – – – 239,808 359,007 485,429 535,382 576,305 614,732 655,809
Direct Investment:
Inter-company Lending – – – 133,894 225,790 274,608 323,398 379,908 423,113 560,079
Total Debt Outstanding 2,011,109 2,392,229 2,755,017 3,730,024 4,717,329 5,217,735 5,615,759 6,438,703 6,899,316 7,921,517
% of GDP(c) 45.6 49.5 37.8 50.2 54.2 53.7 54.1 55.7 56.8 59.5
Debt Service Payments(d) 277,297 230,616 208,984 199,233 334,592 522,155 474,527 648,541 648,315 694,127
Amortization 228,488 189,621 138,941 121,246 222,916 385,362 323,626 487,275 472,270 481,028
Interest Payments 48,809 40,995 70,043 77,987 111,676 136,793 150,901 161,266 176,045 213,099

Earnings from Exports of
Merchandise and Services 1,095,679 1,031,289 1,254,021 1,508,565 1,730,467 1,949,158 2,185,039 2,301,065 2,540,049 2,915,178

Receipts from Exports of
Merchandise, Services Income
and Current Transfers 1,419,565 1,436,578 1,761,613 2,135,356 2,519,483 2,796,568 3,125,336 3,270,886 3,615,829 4,033,198
Debt Service Ratio

Debt Service as a % of
Exports and Services 25.3 22.4 16.7 13.2 19.7 26.8 21.7 28.2 25.6 23.9
Debt Service as a % of
Merchandise and Services,
Income and Current Transfers 19.5 16.1 11.9 9.3 13.5 18.7 15.2 19.8 18.0 17.2

Government Debt Service Payments
(as a % of Total Debt Service Payments) 81.6 74.5 65.3 82.1 81.9 59.0 59.7 59.6 42.6 53.0
(a) Revised Sources : External Resources Department

(b) Provisional Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(c) Based on GDP at current market prices in rupees, as published by the Department of Census and Statistics.
(d) External debt service payments were reclassified from 2008 onwards to capture debt servicing of government securities
(i.e., foreign holding of Treasury bonds) in accordance with the External Debt Statistics Manual (2003) of the International
Monetary Fund.
96
MONEY AND CAPITAL MARKETS
Table 9.1
Reserve Money 2008 – 2017
Rs. Million
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Reserve Money
Currency Holdings 186,099 217,430 255,652 293,233 318,060 339,771 416,895 491,700 552,778 598,054
Public 155,023 181,840 216,549 242,871 251,539 264,607 329,426 388,057 429,502 439,396
Commercial Banks
31,076 35,590 39,104 50,362 66,522 75,164 87,469 103,643 123,276 158,658
Commercial Banks’ Deposits
with the Central Bank 82,311 86,086 104,853 146,269 166,288 148,810 161,009 181,727 303,251 341,712

Deposits of Govt. Agencies
with the Central Bank 15 22 6 2 14 5 7 5 118 27
Total (Reserve Money) 268,425 303,537 360,511 439,504 484,362 488,586 577,912 673,432 856,147 939,793

Factors Determining Reserve Money
Net Foreign Assets of

the Central Bank 148,157 412,202 505,463 340,090 396,468 529,128 688,007 576,187 558,589 846,139
Foreign Assets 325,439 685,659 862,534 838,607 965,910 1,058,355 1,129,975 1,126,674 1,049,800 1,328,413
Less: Foreign Liabilities 177,295 273,481 357,069 498,543 569,454 529,238 441,987 550,504 491,221 482,312

Net Credit to Govt. by
the Central Bank 217,352 109,005 76,894 262,742 278,843 114,007 149,672 229,926 413,016 225,080
Gross Credit 218,582 111,331 79,977 264,540 279,529 114,419 149,976 230,349 413,350 225,377
Government &
Govt. Guaranteed Securities 142,274 37,451 2,098 169,797 168,237 5,252 6,078 79,217 330,043 25,576
Advances 76,308 73,881 77,879 94,743 111,292 109,167 143,898 151,132 83,307 199,801
Cash Items in Collection 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Less: Govt. Deposits with
the Central Bank 1,231 2,326 3,083 1,797 686 411 305 423 333 297
Central Bank Credit to

Financial Institutions 21,150 1,137 2,460 2,132 1,022 14,993 16,749 -2,811 -2,067 3,005

Net Other Assets of
the Central Bank -118,234 -218,807 -224,306 -165,461 -191,970 -169,538 -276,516 -129,869 -113,392 -134,430
Other Assets 19,443 17,722 22,037 22,323 30,960 47,632 49,210 48,380 46,734 41,496
Less: Other Liabilities 137,677 236,528 246,343 187,784 222,931 217,170 325,726 178,250 160,125 175,927

Total (Reserve Money) 268,425 303,537 360,511 439,504 484,362 488,586 577,912 673,432 856,147 939,793

97
Table 9.2
Money Supply 2008 – 2017
Rs. Million
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015(a) 2016 2017(b)
Monetary Aggregates
Currency 186,099 217,430 255,652 293,233 318,060 339,771 416,895 491,700 552,778 598,054
Held by the Government – – – – – – – – – –
Held by Commercial Banks 31,076 35,590 39,104 50,362 66,522 75,164 87,469 103,643 123,276 158,658
Held by the Public 155,023 181,840 216,549 242,871 251,539 264,607 329,426 388,057 429,502 439,396
Demand Deposits 386,520 428,429 593,437 771,688 867,583 818,293 832,129 999,640 1,015,251 1,091,379
Held by the Government 24,527 22,722 37,690 35,488 26,084 25,165 34,745 44,605 41,995 47,140
Held by Commercial Banks 239,693 250,837 365,104 540,364 642,989 573,157 514,655 628,103 626,134 690,336
Held by the Public 122,300 154,870 190,643 195,836 198,510 219,971 282,729 326,931 347,123 353,903

Narrow Money Supply (M1) 277,323 336,710 407,192 438,707 450,049 484,578 612,155 714,988 776,624 793,299
Time and Savings Deposits held by the public

Held in Rupee Deposits 1,004,871 1,200,045 1,405,808 1,753,896 2,143,136 2,574,215 2,848,402 3,342,224 4,046,935 4,872,014
Held in Rupee and
Foreign Currency Deposits 1,245,453 1,469,459 1,684,216 2,053,032 2,479,021 2,933,275 3,263,698 3,850,929 4,628,972 5,514,762
Broad Money Supply (M2)(c) 1,282,194 1,536,755 1,813,000 2,192,603 2,593,185 3,058,793 3,460,558 4,057,212 4,823,559 5,665,313
Consolidated Broad Money Supply (M2b)(d)
1,522,776 1,806,169 2,091,408 2,491,740 2,929,070 3,417,853 3,875,853 4,565,917 5,405,596 6,308,062
Underlying Factors M2
Net External Banking Assets 88,760 358,554 390,284 150,916 112,395 133,808 318,203 206,923 167,111 534,863
Domestic Credit 1,582,340 1,630,858 1,920,515 2,628,418 3,176,184 3,601,713 3,923,201 4,827,980 5,849,104 6,616,026
Net Credit to Government 471,839 513,843 494,804 735,562 912,850 1,109,663 1,227,794 1,387,792 1,667,525 1,801,707
By Central Bank 217,352 109,005 76,894 262,742 278,843 114,007 149,672 229,926 413,016 225,080
By Commercial Banks(e) 254,488 404,838 417,911 472,819 634,007 995,656 1,078,123 1,157,867 1,254,509 1,576,627
Public Corporations(f) 15,085 73,233 91,927 71,385 91,258 164,674 197,013 261,815 308,382 342,354
Co-operatives 1,948 1,830 1,829 2,131 2,453 1,976 1,936 1,828 1,892 2,635
Other Private(f) 1,093,468 1,041,952 1,331,955 1,819,341 2,169,624 2,325,400 2,496,458 3,176,544 3,871,305 4,469,330
Credit to Private Sector(f) 1,095,416 1,043,782 1,333,784 1,821,472 2,172,076 2,327,376 2,498,394 3,178,372 3,873,197 4,471,965
Other items (Net)(e) -388,906 -452,658 -497,799 -586,730 -695,395 -676,729 -780,846 -977,690 -1,192,656 -1,485,576

Total: Broad Money Supply (M2) 1,282,194 1,536,755 1,813,000 2,192,603 2,593,185 3,058,793 3,460,558 4,057,212 4,823,559 5,665,313

Reserve Money 268,425 303,537 360,511 439,504 484,362 488,586 577,912 673,432 856,147 939,793
Money Supply (12 Month Average)

M1 270,541 284,673 362,717 426,005 437,590 455,925 528,688 643,308 719,173 758,358
M2 1,212,736 1,400,494 1,662,475 2,008,806 2,398,836 2,854,327 3,247,201 3,720,369 4,397,202 5,299,757
M2b 1,465,236 1,665,465 1,920,181 2,291,879 2,752,434 3,206,259 3,630,606 4,186,260 4,942,840 5,909,735

Money Multiplier(g) : of M1 1.03 1.11 1.13 1.00 0.93 0.99 1.06 1.06 0.91 0.84
of M2 4.78 5.06 5.03 4.99 5.35 6.26 5.99 6.02 5.63 6.03
of M2b 5.67 5.95 5.80 5.67 6.05 7.00 6.71 6.78 6.31 6.71
Velocity of Money(h)
of M1 16.30 16.99 17.68 16.95 19.96 21.04 19.60 17.02 16.56(f) 17.52
of M2 3.64 3.45 3.86 3.59 3.64 3.36 3.19 2.94 2.71(f) 2.51
of M2b 3.01 2.90 3.34 3.15 3.17 2.99 2.85 2.62 2.41(f) 2.25
Note: Monetary data from 1990 have been reclassified to be consistent with the standard international practice. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(a) DFCC Bank which operated as a Licensed Specialised Bank was amalgamated with the DFCC Vardhana Bank and operates as a Licensed
Commercial Bank namely, DFCC Bank PLC with effect from 01 October 2015.
(b) Provisional.
(c) Total Narrow Money (Currency + Demand deposits held by the public) + Time and Saving deposits (Rupees) held by the public.
(d) Total Narrow Money + Time and Savings Deposits (Rupee and foreign currency deposits) held by the public with commercial Banks.
(e) Restructuring bonds worth Rs.19,392.6 million, which were issued by the government to the two state banks, have been converted to
Treasury bonds upon their maturity in October 2006. This amount, which previously appeared under Other Assets has been included in
Treasury Bonds since October 2006.
(f) Revised.
(g) Ratio of Money Supply to Reserve Money.
(h) Ratio of GDP to Money Supply (Average).
98
Table 9.3
Broad Money Supply (M2b) 2008 – 2017
Rs. Million
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015(a) 2016 2017(b)
Narrow Money Supply (M1) 277,323 336,710 407,192 438,707 450,049 484,578 612,155 714,988 776,624 793,299
Currency in Circulation 155,023 181,840 216,549 242,871 251,539 264,607 329,426 388,057 429,502 439,396
Demand Deposits 122,300 154,870 190,643 195,836 198,510 219,971 282,729 326,931(c) 347,123 353,903
Time and Savings Deposits (TSD) 1,245,453 1,469,459 1,684,216 2,053,032 2,479,021 2,933,275 3,263,698 3,850,929 4,628,972 5,514,762
Domestic Banking Units 1,175,802 1,395,205 1,599,421 1,971,706 2,366,037 2,809,888 3,121,032 3,674,360 4,439,938 5,298,564
Foreign Currency Banking Units 69,651 74,254 84,796 81,326 112,984 123,387 142,666 176,569 189,034 216,198
Broad Money Supply M2b (M1+ TSD) 1,522,776 1,806,169 2,091,408 2,491,740 2,929,070 3,417,853 3,875,853 4,565,917 5,405,596 6,308,062
Net Foreign Assets 77,700 401,880 377,442 98,057 -25,831 -76,325 15,126 -298,163 -231,238 121,538
Monetary Authorities(d) 148,157 412,202 505,463 340,090 396,468 529,128 688,007 576,187 558,589 846,139
Commercial Banks -70,457 -10,323 -128,021 -242,033 -422,299 -605,453 -672,881 -874,350 -789,827 -724,601
Domestic Banking Units -14,534 -6,768 -66,558 -63,757 -121,878 -231,155 -220,947 -295,864 -325,659 -290,761
Foreign Currency Banking Units -55,923 -3,555 -61,464 -178,276 -300,421 -374,299 -451,934 -578,486 -464,168 -433,840
Net Domestic Assets 1,445,076 1,404,288 1,713,966 2,393,683 2,954,901 3,494,178 3,860,727 4,864,081 5,636,834 6,186,524
Domestic Credit 1,897,499 1,907,748 2,262,861 3,037,970 3,696,131 4,200,783 4,640,146 5,732,034 6,671,677 7,504,715
Net Credit to the Government 582,907 640,326 627,185 833,610 1,045,232 1,301,342 1,435,900 1,759,492 1,972,133 2,168,517
Central Bank 217,352 109,005 76,894 262,742 278,843 114,007 149,672 229,926 413,016 225,080
Commercial Banks(e) 365,556 531,321 550,291 570,868 766,389 1,187,335 1,286,228 1,529,566 1,559,116 1,943,438
Domestic Banking Units 254,488 404,838 417,911 472,819 634,007 995,656 1,078,123 1,157,867 1,254,509 1,576,627
Credit to Public Corporations(c) 46,991 73,233 144,578 198,500 292,477 365,098 450,924 530,669 513,768 536,982
Domestic Banking Units(c) 15,085 73,233 91,927 71,385 91,258 164,674 197,013 261,815 308,382 342,354
Foreign Currency Banking Units 31,905 0 52,651 127,115 201,219 200,424 253,911 268,853 205,386 194,628
Credit to Private Sector(c) 1,267,601 1,194,189 1,491,099 2,005,860 2,358,421 2,534,343 2,753,322 3,441,874 4,185,777 4,799,215
Domestic Banking Units(c) 1,095,416 1,043,782 1,333,784 1,821,472 2,172,076 2,327,376 2,498,394 3,178,372 3,873,197 4,471,965
Other Items (Net)(e) -452,423 -503,460 -548,895 -644,287 -741,230 -706,605 -779,418 -867,954 -1,034,843 -1,318,191
Monetary Authorities and
Domestic Banking Units -262,838 -304,379 -352,808 -494,337 -634,688 -605,221 -657,074 -718,954 -865,472 -1,079,540
Foreign Currency Banking Units -189,585 -199,080 -196,087 -149,950 -106,541 -101,384 -122,344 -149,000 -169,371 -238,651
Broad Money Supply M2b 1,522,776 1,806,169 2,091,408 2,491,740 2,929,070 3,417,853 3,875,853 4,565,917 5,405,596 6,308,062
(a) DFCC Bank which operated as a Licensed Specialised Bank was amalgamated with the DFCC Vardhana Bank Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
and operates as a Licensed Commercial Bank namely, DFCC Bank PLC with effect from 01 October 2015.
(b) Provisional.
(c) Revised.
(d) This includes NFA of the Central Bank as well as the government Crown Agent's balance reported by the
Department of State Accounts.
(e) Restructuring bonds worth Rs. 19,392.6 million, which were issued by the government to the two state banks have
been converted to Treasury bonds upon their maturity in October 2006. This amount, which previously appeared
under Other Assets has been included in Net Credit to Government since October 2006.
99
Table 9.4
Interest Rates 2008 – 2017
Per centum per annum
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Policy Interest Rates

Standing Deposit Facility Rate (SDFR)(a) 10.50 7.50 7.25 7.00 7.50 6.50 6.50 6.00 7.00 7.25
Standing Lending Facility Rate (SLFR)(a) 12.00 9.75 9.00 8.50 9.50 8.50 8.00 7.50 8.50 8.75
Central Bank Advance Rate (Bank Rate) 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00
Inter-bank Call Rates 1 2.50–14.50 8.63–9.40 7.75–8.15 8.75–9.10 9.50–9.85 7.50–7.75 6.00–6.50 6.40 8.40–8.44 8.10–8.25

Treasury Bill Yield Rates (Year end)
Primary Market
3 Months 17.33 7.73 7.24 8.68 10.00 7.54 5.74 6.45 8.72 7.69
6 Months 18.57 8.73 7.35 8.71 11.32 7.85 5.84 6.83 9.63 8.30
12 Months 19.12 9.33 7.55 9.31 11.69 8.29 6.01 7.30 10.17 8.90
Treasury Bonds, Yield to Maturity
2 Year Bonds 20.53 (Dec) 9.55 (Dec) 8.27 (Aug) 7.77 (Feb) 13.62 (Jul) – – 6.70 (Jun) 11.04 (Jul) 9.83 (Aug)
3 Year Bonds 20.54 (Dec) 12.83 (Jul) 8.15 (Dec) 7.99 (Jan) 13.50 (May) 10.87 (Aug) – 8.18 (Jul) 11.62 (Jul) 9.55 (Dec)
4 Year Bonds 20.34 (Dec) 9.78 (Dec) 8.60 (Dec) 8.20 (Jul) 14.10 (Jul) – – 8.91 (Nov) 11.94 (Dec) 11.14 (Jul)
5 Year Bonds 17.00 (Sep) 10.32 (Oct) 8.76 (Sep) 8.60 (Jun) 14.15 (Jun) 10.64 (Oct) 8.93 (May) 9.79 (Dec) 11.76 (Aug) 10.20 (Nov)
6 Year Bonds – 9.92 (Oct) 8.93 (Sep) 8.85 (Oct) 14.25 (Jul) 10.97 (Feb) – 9.90 (Sep) 12.03 (Jul) –
Secondary Market
3 Months – 7.78 7.26 8.60 10.10 7.63 5.60 6.58 8.65 7.65
6 Months 18.36 8.78 7.36 8.78 11.30 8.05 5.85 6.80 9.57 8.27
12 Months 19.03 9.58 7.55 9.25 11.65 8.23 5.95 7.25 10.17 8.87
Rupee Securities Rate – 14 – – – – – – – –
Commercial Bank Deposit Rates

Savings 3.00–16.50 1.50–10.50 1.50–9.50 1.00–8.50 0.75–10.50 0.75–9.14 0.50–8.00 0.50–8.00 0.50–9.00 0.50–9.50
AWDR 11.63 8.01 6.23 7.24 10.10 9.37 6.20 6.20 8.17 9.07
Fixed Deposits
3 Months 9.50–20.00 3.00–19.00 4.75– 8.50 4.75–11.25 5.00–16.25 5.70–15.00 3.50– 7.00 3.10–11.10 4.00–13.50 4.00–12.75
6 Months 13.00–19.00 6.00–18.00 5.00– 9.75 5.50–11.00 5.00–16.25 6.20–12.25 3.90– 8.75 3.90– 9.50 4.50–13.50 4.00–13.50
12 Months 8.50–20.25 7.25–19.00(b) 5.05–17.00 5.55–11.00 5.00–17.00 6.00–16.00 3.95–12.00 3.95–15.00 4.50–15.00 4.89–15.00
AWFDR 16.89 10.91 8.20 8.95 13.21 11.78 7.33 7.57 10.46 11.48
NSB Deposit Rates

Savings 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 4.25 4.00
Fixed Deposits
6 Months 15.50 8.50 7.50 7.50 13.00 9.25 6.00 7.00 10.75 10.75
12 Months 15.00 9.50 8.50 8.50 12.50 9.50 6.50 7.25 11.00 11.00

Commercial Bank Advance Rates
Prime Lending Rate 19.17 11.12 9.27 10.49 14.29 9.96 6.35 7.40 11.73 11.33
Loans Secured by Government Securities 13.00–30.00 9.00–24.00 9.00–22.00 6.85–22.00 9.00–21.00 9.00–18.00 6.60–24.00 6.00–14.25 5.00–20.00 8.00–16.00
Unsecured Loans 6.00–39.00 6.00–40.80 6.00–35.00 6.00–35.00 7.00–32.00 7.00–24.00 5.44–24.00 2.50–24.00 3.50–24.00 4.07–36.87
Bills Purchased and Discounted 6.00–26.50 4.58–24.00 5.25–20.00 4.55–20.00 4.70–22.00 4.50–22.00 3.25–22.00 3.00–22.58 2.00–24.00 6.00–27.00

International Interest Rates (Period Average)
LIBOR on US dollar Deposits
Overnight 2.31 0.23 0.23 0.16 0.15 0.13 0.09 0.14 0.41 1.03
7-Days 2.56 0.28 0.26 0.20 0.19 0.16 0.12 0.16 0.44 1.06
1-Month 2.67 0.33 0.27 0.23 0.24 0.19 0.16 0.20 0.50 1.11
3-Months 2.91 0.69 0.34 0.34 0.43 0.27 0.23 0.32 0.74 1.26
6-Months 3.05 1.12 0.52 0.51 0.69 0.41 0.33 0.49 1.06 1.48
1-Year 3.08 1.57 0.92 0.83 1.01 0.68 0.56 0.80 1.38 1.79
LIBOR on 3-Months Deposits
Euro 4.63 1.23 0.81 1.39 0.57 0.15 0.18 -0.03 -0.28 -0.37
Japanese Yen 0.92 0.48 0.23 0.19 0.19 0.16 0.13 0.09 -0.02 -0.02
Swiss Franc 2.58 0.38 0.19 0.12 0.07 0.02 0.01 -0.75 -0.75 -0.73
Pound Sterling (Paris Market) 5.51 1.21 0.70 0.87 0.83 0.51 0.54 0.57 0.50 0.36
Note : Domestic interest rates represent the year end position. LIBOR : London Inter Bank Offered Rate Sources : International Financial Statistics
AWDR : Average Weighted Deposit Rate Federal Reserve Economic Data
(a) The Repurchase rate and the Reverse Repurchase rate of the
AWFDR : Average Weighted Fixed Deposit Rate Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Central Bank were renamed as the Standing Deposit Facility Rate
(SDFR) and Standing Lending Facility Rate (SLFR), respectively,
w.e.f. 2 January 2014.
(b) Revised
100
Table 9.5
Government Debt Securities Market 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Treasury Bills
Primary Market
Amount Issued / Sold, Rs. Mn. 779,576 821,211 1,000,069 1,164,570 1,649,984 1,235,304 1,121,705 1,589,527 1,635,349 1,624,266
Purchased by Central Bank 183,727 190,326 133,823 217,584 485,332 334,764 337,659 564,159 790,738 513,092
Others 595,849 630,885 866,246 946,986 1,164,652 900,540 784,046 1,025,368 844,611 1,111,174
Weighted Average Price, Rs. – Year End
(Per Rs. 100 worth Treasury bill)
3 Months 95.85 98.12 98.22 97.88 97.56 98.15 98.59 98.43 97.87 97.91
6 Months 91.54 95.86 96.45 95.83 94.64 96.22 97.16 96.77 95.41 95.59
12 Months 83.98 91.47 92.98 91.48 89.54 92.35 94.34 93.36 90.77 91.00
Weighted Average Yield, % – Year End
3 Months 17.33 7.67 7.24 8.68 10.00 7.54 5.74 6.38 8.72 7.69
6 Months 18.49 8.65 7.35 8.71 11.32 7.85 5.84 6.69 9.63 8.30
12 Months 19.08 9.32 7.55 9.31 11.69 8.29 6.00 7.11 10.17 8.90
Weighted Average Yield, % - Average
3 Months 18.54 11.43 7.84 7.28 10.72 8.95 6.58 6.32 8.26 9.10
6 Months 18.45 12.18 8.41 7.21 12.29 9.91 6.57 6.50 9.23 9.81
12 Months 18.89 12.76 8.42 7.41 12.14 10.65 6.73 6.60 10.20 10.07
Overall Average 18.59 12.25 8.31 7.31 11.81 10.45 6.68 6.46 9.24 9.77
Central Bank Secondary Treasury Bill Market

Sales (Discounts), Rs. Mn. 26,608 70,185 13,250 – 18,448 128,750 – 127,855 39,600 110,325
Purchases (Re-discounts), Rs. Mn. 8,038 – – – – – – – 15,770 –
Outstanding Treasury Bills by
Ownership, Rs. Mn.(b)
Central Bank 163,584 37,451 2,993 169,797 154,005 3,053 123,496 104,754 331,389 9,908
Commercial Banks 87,869 160,081 220,358 185,756 219,748 443,951 278,296 340,664 244,139 463,198
Employees’ Provident Fund 1 420 5,969 – 33,410 13,969 1,000 – 41,057 74,475
Other Provident Funds 55 – 15 1,279 122 45 – 162 77 49
Savings Institutions 20,791 42,677 52,541 58,733 61,972 68,328 47,945 67,766 18,049 38,378
Insurance & Finance Companies 10,988 7,192 12,072 11,010 19,097 28,629 47,461 47,388 57,918 58,093
Departments & Other Official Funds 16,431 21,452 20,636 5,968 2,566 8,114 10,986 7,570 7,616 760
Other 102,882 171,757 199,858 158,344 138,149 134,048 185,582 89,937 79,336 52,293
Foreign Investors(c) 6,358 40,410 57,317 70,123 80,184 73,916 55,500 5,045 12,816 27,552
Total 408,958 481,441 571,759 661,008 709,254 774,053 750,267 663,285 792,396 724,706
Treasury Bonds
Primary Market Issues, Rs. Mn. 488,737 701,438 508,576 602,951 847,899 1,017,134 860,695 869,923 663,616 548,815
Yield to Maturity, %
2 Year Bonds 18.95 16.32 9.46 7.77 11.30 – – 6.7 11.04 9.92
3 Year Bonds 18.44 17.01 9.01 7.99 11.11 10.95 – 8.18 11.62 –
4 Year Bonds 17.87 14.29 9.65 8.23 11.58 – – 8.91 10.61 11.13
5 Year Bonds 17.00 11.20 9.31 8.55 13.32 10.95 8.93 9.79 11.76 10.20
6 Year Bonds – – 9.19 8.84 12.50 – – 9.9 12.03 11.21
7 Year Bonds – – 9.19 8.84 12.50 – – 9.65 12.18 12.92
8 Year Bonds – – 9.15 8.91 14.40 11.51 7.15 10.82 10.96 10.33
9 Year Bonds – – – 9.00 – 11.77 – – 12.08 12.91
10 Year Bonds – 13.39 9.59 9.15 14.00 11.8 9.23 10.94 11.06 10.13
12 Year Bonds – – – 9.10 – 12.09 – – 13.72 –
15 Year Bonds – – – 9.30 – 12.17 8.63 11.00 14.23 –
20 Year Bonds – – – – 11.00 12.19 11.32 11.45 – –
30 Year Bonds – – – – – 12.18 11.75 11.73 12.09 –
Rupee Securities
Primary Market Issues, Rs. Mn. – 1,904 – – – – – – – –
Rate of Interest, % – 14.00 – – – – – – – –
Outstanding Securities by
Ownership, Rs. Mn.(b)(d)
Employees’ Provident Fund 607,770 718,717 814,451 927,374 1,117,360 1,356,389 1,450,144 1,612,461 1,737,219 1,855,665
Other Provident Funds 9,507 13,766 19,872 7,550 30,639 35,031 315 42,713 48,060 –
Insurance & Finance Companies 26,410 33,194 33,624 34,410 31,711 26,636 42,742 58,808 68,124 68,305
Departments & Other Official Funds 90,778 21,949 36,963 37,006 37,596 187,904 210,598 245,045 264,014 285,278
Private & Other 292,975 341,722 354,957 359,946 371,669 174,087 217,255 470,138 458,707 402,501
Foreign Investors(c) 17,647 145,124 183,538 199,531 317,604 403,486 401,710 298,734 247,222 295,059
Total 1,299,625 1,658,636 1,827,425 2,018,782 2,412,657 2,855,846 3,245,764 3,603,982 3,962,009 4,117,679

(b) Adjusted for secondary market transactions. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(c) Includes rupee denominated Treasury bills and Treasury bonds held by foreign investors.
(d) Excludes Treasury bonds of Rs. 4,397 million issued to CWE in November 2003 (matured in 14 November 2016) and
Rs. 78,441 million issued to CPC in January 2012 (of which Rs. 21,779 million matured in 01 January 2017 and the
current outstanding is Rs. 56,662 million) and Rs. 13,125 million issued to capitalize SriLankan Airlines in March 2013.
101
Table 9.6
Share Market Indicators 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016(a) 2017(b)
Turnover, Rs. Mn. 110,453 142,463 570,327 546,256 213,827 200,468 340,917 253,251 176,935 220,591
Daily Turnover Average, Rs. Mn. 464 594 2,396 2,286 884 828 1,415 1,060 737 915
No. of Trades 776,244 1,266,299 3,355,126 4,579,352 1,857,384 1,421,303 1,982,709 1,506,790 1,056,849 981,977
No. of Shares Traded, Mn. 3,155 4,763 18,489 24,544 9,691 9,054 16,722 9,415 7,196 8,468
Traded Shares as a % of Total Listed Shares
11.9 16.7 45.3 42.4 13.6 12.1 21.2 11.1 8.0 9.0
Turnover as a % of GDP 2.5 2.9 8.9 7.6 2.4 2.1 3.3 2.3 1.5 1.9
Turnover as a % of Market Capitalization 16.9 18.0 34.5 24.7 9.8 8.7 12.3 8.4 6.2 7.6

Non-National Transactions (Net), Rs. Mn. 13,951 789 -26,335 -19,039 38,661 22,734 21,139 5,372 384 17,657
Purchases 66,632 43,057 92,426 49,777 72,614 83,607 104,690 84,415 74,583 112,285
Sales 52,682 43,846 118,761 68,816 33,954 60,873 83,551 89,784 74,199 94,627

Total Number of Shares Listed, Mn. 26,521 28,555 40,791 57,894 71,276 75,028 78,751 84,920 89,638 94,476
Market Capitalization, Rs. Bn. 488.8 1,092.1 2,210.5 2,213.9 2,167.6 2,459.9 3,104.9 2,938.0 2,745.4 2,899.3
Market Capitalization as a % of GDP 11.1 22.6 34.5 30.7 24.8 25.6 30.0 26.8 23.2 24.5

No. of New Shares Offered, Mn. 377 45 455 1,460 253 80 573 107 172 151
Value of New Shares, Rs. Mn.(c) 2,006 1,219 4,347 19,156 1,739 494 2,694 330 1,898 960
No. of New Issues 3 3 8 13 6 1 6 2 3 1
No. of Listed Companies 235 231 241 272 287 289 294 294 295 296

CSE All Share Price Index
(1985 = 100) 1,503.0 3,385.6 6,635.9 6,074.4 5,643.0 5,912.8 7,299.0 6,895.0 6,228.3 6,369.3

CSE Milanka Price Index
(1998 = 1,000) 1,631.3 3,849.4 7,061.5 5,229.2 5,119.1 – – – – –

S&P Sri Lanka 20 Index(d)
(2004 = 1,000) – – – – 3,085.3 3,263.9 4,089.1 3,626.0 3,496.4 3,671.7

Market Price Earning Ratio (PER) 5.4 16.6 25.2 15.8 15.9 15.9 19.7 18.0 12.4 10.6

Market Dividend Yield, % 5.6 3.0 1.2 1.8 2.4 2.9 2.1 2.2 2.8 3.2

Market Price to Book Value Ratio 0.8 1.7 3.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.4 1.3

GDP at Market Prices, Rs. Mn. 4,410,682 4,835,293 6,413,668 7,219,106 8,732,463 9,592,125 10,361,151 10,950,621 11,906,752 13,289,466
(a) Revised Sources : Colombo Stock Exchange

(b) Provisional Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(c) Par value and premium
(d) Introduced in June 2012, replacing the Milanka Price Index
102

Share Trading Indicators
Indicator Banks, Beverages, Chemicals Construction Diversified Footwear Health Hotels

& Insurance Food & & Pharma– & Holdings & Care &
Quarter & Finance Tobacco ceuticals Engineering Textiles Travels
Shares Traded, ’000
2016 1st Quarter 419,986.5 70,577.4 27,521.0 41,606.3 520,815.3 8,229.3 363,129.5 120,082.6
2nd Quarter 487,520.7 57,087.5 4,880.6 47,165.6 265,450.5 20,642.9 98,319.4 104,441.3
3rd Quarter 654,195.6 67,282.7 8,390.9 54,493.5 479,171.5 8,688.6 24,401.2 165,869.6
4th Quarter 398,732.7 36,746.3 3,851.2 36,978.4 227,864.8 5,458.1 11,680.5 61,050.2

2017 1st Quarter 271,207.8 53,219.3 8,870.0 35,253.2 548,478.9 7,069.8 38,042.3 80,667.0
2nd Quarter 633,589.5 33,026.2 16,441.2 35,372.6 1,030,778.4 13,196.3 17,776.0 113,469.2
3rd Quarter 646,269.5 48,770.7 14,580.1 84,777.3 700,055.9 9,944.4 9,644.5 61,913.0
4th Quarter 544,134.2 41,886.1 14,523.5 75,429.3 220,453.1 4,660.6 35,494.1 77,461.2

Turnover, Rs. ’000
2016 1st Quarter 11,987,346.9 3,765,976.7 364,707.0 912,540.5 12,670,583.6 160,368.9 1,723,621.9 1,897,262.3
2nd Quarter 14,673,228.8 4,432,632.9 149,161.4 1,171,592.2 8,240,928.5 427,891.6 2,194,819.8 843,194.3
3rd Quarter 13,509,406.6 5,885,479.2 205,421.6 1,437,527.7 8,313,439.9 174,332.8 330,862.0 1,291,269.1
4th Quarter 21,029,583.9 2,673,186.8 133,054.3 784,981.6 9,015,488.2 95,324.3 159,084.4 427,663.1

2017 1st Quarter 7,774,543.1 4,394,274.2 81,482.4 915,251.5 19,725,992.9 119,021.3 968,803.7 1,059,296.2
2nd Quarter 19,876,728.1 5,473,135.4 100,054.8 932,502.5 23,861,142.2 227,733.2 324,233.6 739,652.1
3rd Quarter 11,923,642.1 3,191,948.5 196,729.1 1,497,475.3 15,329,227.8 171,399.6 159,162.2 268,875.3
4th Quarter 22,686,174.2 5,153,352.0 84,594.8 1,096,860.5 11,637,466.9 73,935.0 387,490.3 501,878.8

No. of Trades
2016 1st Quarter 65,771 14,770 2,857 10,232 28,898 3,480 3,810 10,995
2nd Quarter 77,256 20,107 1,744 14,593 31,811 4,660 7,329 24,513
3rd Quarter 86,197 19,249 2,206 13,885 59,158 2,903 3,852 19,983
4th Quarter 55,947 9,623 1,503 7,904 18,514 2,738 2,252 15,285

2017 1st Quarter 48,699 8,367 1,356 5,372 23,089 3,490 2,385 11,259
2nd Quarter 75,613 15,634 2,884 7,627 40,260 5,925 2,473 23,575
3rd Quarter 60,529 11,494 2,531 15,714 36,670 2,687 2,234 14,678
4th Quarter 69,298 13,783 2,243 16,892 22,047 1,674 2,196 12,448

Market Capitalization, Rs. Bn.
2016 1st Quarter 618.3 521.0 18.6 34.4 429.4 11.8 52.5 319.4
2nd Quarter 632.6 562.1 19.1 35.1 435.3 11.9 61.5 328.1
3rd Quarter 680.8 536.5 19.0 41.8 470.4 12.2 66.6 331.4
4th Quarter 653.9 533.9 17.2 37.6 514.1 12.0 59.6 321.2

2017 1st Quarter 613.3 552.9 15.9 35.3 505.5 11.5 57.5 307.7
2nd Quarter 757.1 586.4 18.7 38.9 628.1 12.5 57.7 319.2
3rd Quarter 761.6 561.3 18.6 38.8 572.4 11.8 62.0 306.1
4th Quarter 770.0 581.6 17.5 34.6 555.5 11.8 57.0 305.6
Note : The above share volume and turnover figures represent only ordinary voting shares.
103
Table 9.7
by Business Sector 2016 – 2017
Investment Infor- Land Manu- Motors Oil Planta- Power Services Stores Tele- Trading
Trusts mation & facturing Palms tions & & communi-
Technology Property Energy Supplies cation
16,589.4 44,850.1 35,056.7 228,198.8 611.1 177.2 6,358.6 73,170.7 9,369.3 209.1 101,104.6 30,442.4
10,206.4 3,297.0 16,593.6 235,261.1 934.8 200.3 4,388.9 42,290.7 11,508.1 16.9 73,135.3 133,135.5
11,087.6 8,512.6 43,677.8 430,663.9 1,078.8 37.8 20,291.6 140,597.6 9,608.0 64.6 122,423.0 35,155.8
6,260.5 1,150.2 15,422.5 117,156.6 673.4 16.5 9,788.3 107,398.5 2,838.8 23.5 120,297.9 12,160.6

8,718.8 5,023.6 325,826.5 131,840.4 403.5 29.5 31,077.1 79,104.2 2,491.6 34.6 109,756.4 31,971.4
15,251.5 17,462.1 24,861.6 238,233.1 1,836.4 73.0 30,313.8 224,480.9 11,765.5 28.2 123,953.7 51,799.6
17,454.3 23,484.1 26,099.9 158,286.9 809.3 50.4 103,331.3 34,565.6 43,795.0 48.9 69,872.3 341,120.5
13,739.1 4,304.2 112,258.4 137,204.3 33,219.9 347.7 74,032.7 37,969.5 31,249.8 22.1 180,026.8 32,188.3

316,230.8 11,698.8 792,860.5 6,559,006.4 245,237.3 63,054.5 110,356.5 1,036,564.8 32,605.1 40,284.6 1,096,302.3 1,068,713.3
333,099.4 33,147.8 378,354.8 7,012,573.3 260,903.1 64,023.9 63,166.4 589,435.3 42,148.7 9,993.5 833,151.2 769,046.1
250,544.9 74,060.0 831,587.2 11,382,936.9 108,605.4 12,935.1 375,859.0 1,817,207.9 83,702.0 43,104.2 1,367,044.3 511,497.0
146,382.4 9,005.6 333,759.2 4,441,496.9 69,171.8 7,026.3 152,893.3 600,360.4 10,717.1 13,031.7 1,307,228.4 141,369.1

210,316.5 4,978.6 223,200.8 6,098,163.3 41,367.5 9,496.6 504,969.0 507,010.7 10,659.5 9,492.1 1,240,042.1 1,662,538.8
389,473.1 10,225.1 362,884.0 8,886,474.3 154,906.2 20,363.3 534,854.7 1,083,300.9 92,785.4 20,476.0 1,488,681.1 390,724.7
419,544.6 34,558.0 466,463.5 6,295,778.2 74,540.2 12,230.5 1,622,534.5 477,159.2 199,343.7 38,614.1 835,140.8 11,828,161.4
469,565.1 18,536.1 1,379,738.6 4,259,045.2 2,615,284.8 88,223.9 1,479,306.4 403,783.8 141,690.9 14,500.4 2,381,138.6 144,911.1

5,449 895 5,491 54,942 2,322 671 4,286 11,129 2,050 629 2,539 4,526
7,926 1,473 7,291 66,551 2,114 769 4,728 11,610 1,722 537 2,618 8,563
5,971 3,198 9,323 87,332 1,958 624 4,730 15,673 2,350 955 2,489 6,508
3,566 815 5,051 32,937 1,136 591 3,542 7,136 994 464 2,013 2,637

3,133 576 5,677 30,743 1,464 446 4,546 6,260 803 520 1,968 3,152
6,720 1,393 10,173 53,684 2,079 436 16,920 9,347 9,538 711 2,610 7,209
7,031 2,415 8,246 42,306 1,779 615 34,730 7,998 9,438 730 1,977 5,146
4,798 1,402 8,286 39,651 1,484 649 35,167 7,562 7,289 370 2,311 5,363

24.6 1.0 47.0 148.6 23.0 80.8 22.2 43.7 6.0 6.6 153.1 24.3
27.3 1.1 48.0 159.8 23.6 75.5 22.8 44.7 5.8 6.6 152.9 23.8
27.2 1.1 47.7 183.4 23.5 71.8 21.9 45.7 5.7 7.2 164.1 27.7
24.0 0.9 51.3 170.4 21.6 75.1 22.0 42.5 5.2 6.7 150.5 25.7

20.5 0.7 49.2 164.3 20.5 57.0 23.7 37.4 4.8 6.9 152.1 26.1
24.9 0.8 54.5 198.1 21.4 54.6 29.1 39.7 7.9 6.7 155.5 29.5
24.6 1.0 50.6 176.6 20.2 48.3 35.3 39.1 6.1 6.8 150.9 27.5
22.5 0.8 50.0 161.8 20.3 45.6 33.0 36.8 5.8 6.8 157.3 25.0
(Contd.)
104

Indicator Banks, Beverages, Chemicals Construction Diversified Footwear Health Hotels

& Insurance Food & & Pharma– & Holdings & Care &
Quarter & Finance Tobacco ceuticals Engineering Textiles Travels
Price Index – High

2016 1st Quarter 17,008.2 22,401.1 2,942.2 7,648.5 1,837.8 1,040.3 930.7 3,270.1
2nd Quarter 16,569.5 22,837.7 2,625.9 7,620.8 1,716.8 1,028.0 1,117.3 3,226.4
3rd Quarter 16,486.6 22,546.5 2,833.8 7,252.8 1,715.1 980.3 1,161.8 3,156.5
4th Quarter 16,733.5 21,990.3 2,855.5 7,208.8 1,714.9 984.5 1,131.4 3,160.4

2017 1st Quarter 15,737.2 21,955.9 2,592.2 6,763.4 1,582.9 949.0 3,022.2 1,016.2
2nd Quarter 17,058.7 24,238.9 2,707.5 6,675.4 1,888.3 1,018.8 3,043.2 1,000.5
3rd Quarter 16,950.5 23,221.4 2,787.7 6,543.1 1,915.9 1,045.8 3,000.9 1,030.3
4th Quarter 17,828.6 23,207.5 2,639.6 6,429.5 1,754.2 976.7 2,909.7 1,028.4

Price Index – Low
2016 1st Quarter 14,155.1 20,608.8 2,139.3 6,827.9 1,498.9 808.2 839.5 2,956.6
2nd Quarter 14,994.7 20,471.5 2,355.6 6,944.4 1,543.9 914.9 880.7 3,019.3
3rd Quarter 15,216.4 21,179.5 2,365.6 6,790.8 1,554.2 925.8 1,016.3 3,077.7
4th Quarter 15,418.5 20,771.4 2,446.3 6,424.9 1,545.7 890.7 980.1 3,013.5

2017 1st Quarter 14,504.0 20,933.8 2,333.2 6,068.4 1,497.6 787.0 2,896.1 932.3
2nd Quarter 14,749.7 21,952.1 2,393.0 6,062.4 1,537.4 893.6 2,903.8 947.6
3rd Quarter 16,338.4 21,787.6 2,574.8 5,849.2 1,699.8 902.1 2,860.4 924.6
4th Quarter 16,493.7 22,347.1 2,308.6 5,761.6 1,651.0 840.7 2,804.7 924.3

Price Index – Average
2016 1st Quarter 15,354.8 21,135.3 2,530.2 7,085.2 1,642.0 917.0 3,104.9 869.3
2nd Quarter 15,963.1 22,139.2 2,512.3 7,323.2 1,633.6 975.2 3,143.1 1,020.1
3rd Quarter 16,063.0 21,969.9 2,605.8 7,071.4 1,655.8 956.2 3,125.0 1,091.1
4th Quarter 16,049.7 21,372.6 2,618.9 6,845.7 1,628.0 936.3 3,079.6 1,057.7

2017 1st Quarter 15,171.8 21,254.8 2,481.0 6,402.1 1,536.9 867.0 2,958.7 970.4
2nd Quarter 16,414.7 23,515.3 2,610.7 6,504.7 1,746.2 962.8 3,002.3 970.5
3rd Quarter 16,574.1 22,404.0 2,653.0 6,234.6 1,791.9 971.8 2,923.9 969.3
4th Quarter 17,068.3 22,798.6 2,471.3 6,091.5 1,710.6 915.2 2,860.3 973.8
Market Dividend Yield, %

2016 1st Quarter 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 0.3 0.6 2.0
2nd Quarter 3.9 2.7 1.4 3.7 3.3 0.7 1.4 2.2
3rd Quarter 3.7 3.0 2.4 4.0 2.8 0.7 1.4 1.2
4th Quarter 3.3 3.0 2.7 3.8 2.6 0.0 1.1 1.1

2017 1st Quarter 3.3 3.3 2.8 3.6 3.1 0.3 1.4 2.4
2nd Quarter 2.6 3.4 3.9 2.6 2.2 0.2 1.4 2.5
3rd Quarter 2.7 3.2 2.6 3.4 2.7 0.9 1.4 2.3
4th Quarter 2.5 3.8 3.5 3.1 3.2 0.9 1.4 2.6
Marker Price Earning Ratio

2016 1st Quarter 9.3 18.1 17.4 16.3 15.7 n.a. 124.8 29.0
2nd Quarter 7.5 17.2 34.5 10.7 14.2 24.0 47.3 16.9
3rd Quarter 8.0 16.0 46.0 11.0 16.1 25.7 56.2 14.6
4th Quarter 7.0 14.4 36.6 10.4 17.4 22.8 62.4 12.8

2017 1st Quarter 6.2 15.5 41.8 10.5 20.2 17.0 63.6 17.8
2nd Quarter 6.8 17.0 18.3 19.2 20.6 20.7 43.8 16.1
3rd Quarter 6.7 18.7 14.4 15.6 13.0 26.8 41.7 19.3
4th Quarter 6.6 18.1 36.3 12.0 11.8 47.8 51.8 15.6

Market Price to Book Value
2016 1st Quarter 1.2 4.6 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.2 4.3 2.7
2nd Quarter 1.2 3.8 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.6 2.1 2.9
3rd Quarter 1.3 3.6 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.1 2.1 3.1
4th Quarter 1.2 3.5 1.0 0.7 1.2 1.0 2.0 2.8

2017 1st Quarter 1.0 3.4 1.0 0.7 1.2 0.9 1.9 2.5
2nd Quarter 1.1 6.1 1.1 0.7 1.5 1.0 1.8 2.4
3rd Quarter 1.2 5.8 1.0 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.7 2.3
4th Quarter 1.1 5.9 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.7 2.1
Note : The above share volume and turnover figures represent only ordinary voting shares.
105
Table 9.7 (Contd.)

by Business Sector 2016 – 2017
Investment Infor- Land Manu- Motors Oil Planta- Power Services Stores Tele- Trading
Trusts mation & facturing Palms tions & & communi-
Technology Property Energy Supplies cation

17,704.8 62.2 691.6 4,394.5 17,708.2 94,336.1 723.1 170.2 26,732.3 24,190.3 191.4 18,082.7
16,809.0 66.2 728.6 4,318.2 18,199.4 80,294.3 716.4 174.9 27,983.9 23,409.0 190.6 16,403.8
15,256.5 53.4 705.1 4,640.9 16,866.6 74,563.3 678.8 172.4 28,986.0 20,174.5 183.6 17,157.7
14,574.9 48.4 660.3 4,684.2 16,638.1 72,544.6 657.7 158.2 29,014.3 19,292.0 185.0 17,103.8

12,662.0 42.2 635.3 4,386.7 15,246.8 72,123.3 690.9 146.0 28,701.6 17,643.0 175.2 17,041.7
13,151.2 37.7 654.4 4,685.7 15,172.0 67,662.2 920.9 144.5 29,541.5 22,755.6 183.0 18,435.8
14,490.9 46.1 615.9 4,702.6 15,041.1 65,490.2 1,042.3 140.2 28,145.8 21,050.3 173.9 18,432.2
13,229.2 46.7 580.4 4,168.7 14,512.5 59,093.0 1,090.1 132.5 27,561.8 19,151.8 185.3 16,969.7

12,384.0 45.6 626.5 3,541.5 15,180.6 77,171.1 603.0 142.0 23,921.0 19,758.1 158.1 14,634.1
12,979.6 46.1 648.8 3,807.0 16,346.3 72,041.1 655.8 151.1 25,573.6 19,481.9 168.2 14,742.4
13,711.5 41.1 654.1 4,010.7 16,095.4 68,558.4 638.6 155.5 26,407.5 18,596.0 170.2 14,534.3
12,132.7 38.3 597.5 4,283.7 15,140.2 67,584.6 613.1 142.3 26,871.6 17,307.5 162.7 15,522.6

10,653.1 32.8 580.2 4,078.4 14,196.2 64,294.2 624.6 126.9 23,864.9 15,814.0 163.3 15,508.0
10,898.1 32.2 605.3 4,183.9 14,203.0 63,371.8 691.8 128.3 25,264.4 16,287.7 169.4 16,177.7
12,477.5 31.7 571.4 4,147.6 14,084.2 56,379.5 848.7 127.4 27,115.0 18,061.9 160.4 16,145.4
11,287.3 32.8 537.7 3,863.2 14,066.1 53,173.1 907.9 116.0 26,541.9 16,955.9 167.4 14,931.7

14,690.7 49.7 655.4 3,894.6 16,566.9 83,034.4 662.3 153.4 25,236.8 22,032.7 171.1 15,970.7
15,227.6 54.4 694.3 4,178.2 17,244.6 78,438.0 691.2 163.9 27,095.7 21,578.0 178.9 15,688.3
14,529.9 46.3 682.5 4,376.5 16,578.6 71,633.0 657.2 162.2 27,173.9 19,299.8 176.9 16,174.5
13,326.5 43.2 632.9 4,453.4 16,094.4 70,461.8 634.8 150.7 27,551.7 18,225.0 172.9 16,339.2

11,674.8 38.7 606.1 4,247.7 14,778.6 68,716.6 665.0 137.0 26,933.4 16,889.0 168.8 15,974.9
12,691.7 34.8 625.2 4,508.4 14,788.5 65,502.7 836.7 136.8 27,549.8 19,537.8 175.2 17,829.6
13,211.6 36.2 591.0 4,403.8 14,546.5 61,643.7 937.8 133.8 27,710.9 18,969.5 167.3 17,079.4
12,415.9 37.9 562.7 4,024.7 14,262.0 56,805.8 994.8 124.6 27,184.5 18,183.5 177.0 16,343.6

3.5 0.0 1.3 4.2 4.6 0.5 3.1 5.2 1.5 5.6 1.7 3.4
1.3 0.0 4.1 4.5 6.6 0.1 5.9 5.7 1.2 4.5 3.4 1.9
1.3 0.0 4.0 4.7 7.6 0.1 6.3 5.5 1.1 5.6 3.2 0.5
1.7 0.0 3.2 4.6 5.6 0.1 6.6 8.2 1.5 2.1 1.7 0.6

2.6 n.a. 1.3 5.0 8.3 0.0 6.2 7.0 3.2 2.9 1.7 0.7
1.3 n.a. 3.0 3.9 6.0 1.7 2.6 4.1 4.1 1.4 1.7 0.6
2.0 n.a. 6.5 5.7 6.5 3.4 2.4 4.6 4.0 3.2 2.1 4.6
2.5 n.a. 6.4 6.6 5.1 3.4 2.5 2.8 2.2 2.9 3.0 4.9

8.0 n.a. 9.4 16.9 9.3 115.8 28.7 9.0 15.1 48.9 14.9 7.1
n.a. n.a. 9.2 8.1 7.7 54.4 n.a. 9.3 15.0 n.a. 15.7 13.0
n.a. n.a. 8.3 9.3 7.9 42.1 n.a. 9.0 10.2 22.4 16.8 13.5
339.8 n.a. 9.9 8.0 6.8 44.0 n.a. 8.7 14.6 30.3 13.3 12.6

29.2 n.a. 9.6 7.6 6.1 33.9 n.a. 5.6 15.6 n.a. 11.9 13.5
79.9 n.a. 9.8 8.9 7.0 7.8 4.7 8.9 15.7 n.a. 7.2 7.0
7.7 n.a. 8.6 7.8 8.9 5.4 4.8 13.3 41.2 n.a. 12.0 6.7
7.5 n.a. 9.3 7.8 10.9 4.4 3.2 n.a. 147.8 n.a. 12.9 7.1

0.7 1.0 0.9 2.5 1.0 2.6 0.6 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.3 0.9
0.5 n.a. 0.9 1.5 0.8 1.4 0.6 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.3 0.9
0.5 n.a. 0.8 1.7 0.8 1.3 0.6 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.4 1.0
0.5 n.a. 0.9 1.4 0.7 1.4 0.6 1.2 0.7 1.6 1.2 0.9

0.5 n.a. 0.9 1.4 0.7 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.4 1.3 0.9
0.6 n.a. 1.0 1.5 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.7 2.4 1.3 0.9
0.6 n.a. 0.8 1.3 0.7 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.7 1.9 1.2 0.9
0.5 n.a. 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.7 1.3 1.2 0.8
Source : Colombo Stock Exchange

106

Indicator John Ceylon Commercial Dialog Hatton Ceylon Nestle Hemas Distilleries
& Keells Tobacco Bank of Axiata National Cold Lanka Holdings Company
Quarter Holdings Company Ceylon PLC Bank Stores PLC PLC PLC of Sri Lanka
PLC PLC PLC PLC PLC
No. of Trades
2015 1st Quarter 16,021 687 4,384 4,215 3,083 460 627 1,708 1,433
2nd Quarter 7,791 733 3,003 2,295 1,685 652 635 1,558 1,063
3rd Quarter 12,116 934 3,070 4,807 2,256 502 655 1,953 1,222
4th Quarter 8,432 453 5,118 2,139 1,263 476 719 1,123 720
2016 1st Quarter 8,948 538 4,896 1,709 1,193 566 590 1,118 639
2nd Quarter 6,302 473 4,132 1,637 1,357 613 533 905 1,111
3rd Quarter 8,618 1,206 3,600 1,587 1,151 923 290 1,107 3,035
4th Quarter 6,896 737 2,561 1,398 872 1,078 470 570 –
2017 1st Quarter 8,290 499 2,110 1,329 618 699 577 642 –
2nd Quarter 10,252 597 3,622 1,642 1,330 1,358 608 1,228 –
3rd Quarter 4,754 415 2,526 1,112 1,418 720 797 859 –
4th Quarter 5,464 357 3,553 1,634 1,343 653 687 601 –
Turnover,Rs.'000
2015 1st Quarter 13,137,536 179,517 4,556,916 1,088,339 2,529,918 115,474 136,040 576,059 2,377,344
2nd Quarter 6,349,311 379,013 4,770,698 720,739 1,663,743 169,756 524,049 369,212 2,056,482
3rd Quarter 9,524,382 956,112 5,116,424 1,996,017 1,848,917 113,683 545,159 1,323,445 1,410,030
4th Quarter 7,749,801 797,085 4,941,382 1,503,091 1,658,124 236,147 366,733 356,634 1,580,284
2016 1st Quarter 7,767,744 979,593 3,574,777 1,030,087 672,691 439,550 304,726 758,477 552,077
2nd Quarter 5,653,271 527,131 4,187,088 810,654 1,770,650 133,454 408,350 733,141 1,782,868
3rd Quarter 4,803,946 1,109,051 1,764,418 1,351,923 721,055 356,079 43,668 861,393 2,735,528
4th Quarter 5,341,351 901,320 3,332,083 1,298,337 1,065,409 238,709 507,475 1,482,170 –
2017 1st Quarter 12,156,702 236,299 1,560,221 1,232,505 1,102,117 624,884 640,899 2,116,625 –
2nd Quarter 17,080,377 533,317 9,354,540 1,475,739 1,566,515 2,726,227 792,562 2,472,184 –
3rd Quarter 9,527,330 257,287 2,457,970 818,943 1,826,918 955,699 432,530 1,156,492 –
4th Quarter 7,663,000 312,583 6,873,568 2,371,678 2,112,867 988,892 1,341,282 1,631,623 –
No. of Shares Traded,000
2015 1st Quarter 61,680 170 25,541 85,742 11,374 411 60 7,114 10,093
2nd Quarter 31,881 382 28,655 65,131 7,335 478 235 4,614 7,930
3rd Quarter 52,120 1,033 30,250 182,993 8,490 292 268 14,893 4,838
4th Quarter 43,715 804 32,927 137,309 7,721 573 176 4,153 5,767
2016 1st Quarter 49,466 986 28,072 99,228 3,423 1,029 151 9,451 2,518
2nd Quarter 36,378 475 32,232 72,584 8,573 276 180 8,325 8,329
3rd Quarter 32,560 1,235 12,885 122,016 3,225 561 19 9,073 10,797
4th Quarter 35,606 1,050 22,956 120,050 4,723 329 247 14,141 –
2017 1st Quarter 86,828 283 11,301 109,537 4,820 799 326 19,994 –
2nd Quarter 105,774 542 66,452 123,565 6,698 3,185 360 17,588 –
3rd Quarter 56,939 264 17,798 69,335 7,872 1,143 238 8,160 –
4th Quarter 49,200 323 48,655 179,709 8,067 1,011 824 12,718 –
Price – High (Rs.)
2015 1st Quarter 250.30 1,124.00 194.00 14.30 242.00 300.00 2,390.00 89.90 246.00
2nd Quarter 214.00 1,050.00 175.00 11.90 239.50 400.00 2,355.00 85.50 296.00
3rd Quarter 199.00 990.00 175.50 12.10 230.50 425.00 2,160.00 99.80 320.00
4th Quarter 191.00 1,000.00 162.50 11.60 222.00 440.00 2,240.00 93.00 285.00
2016 1st Quarter 179.00 1,042.00 142.00 10.90 211.00 479.00 2,100.00 92.90 245.90
2nd Quarter 165.00 1,140.00 136.00 11.50 216.60 564.90 2,445.00 95.00 225.00
3rd Quarter 159.00 1,050.10 144.50 11.60 228.00 690.00 2,410.00 105.50 294.00
4th Quarter 158.00 900.00 151.90 11.80 235.00 865.00 2,200.20 108.50 –
2017 1st Quarter 150.00 880.00 148.50 11.60 236.50 835.00 2,100.00 110.00 –
2nd Quarter 180.00 1,030.00 149.00 12.30 250.00 1,000.00 2,310.00 154.90 –
3rd Quarter 179.00 1,005.00 141.00 12.20 244.50 889.90 2,049.90 154.90 –
4th Quarter 166.10 1,005.00 150.00 13.60 271.00 1,029.00 1,740.00 134.90 –
Price – Low (Rs.)
2015 1st Quarter 195.00 999.00 158.10 10.30 192.00 257.00 2,105.00 70.00 210.50
2nd Quarter 189.90 896.50 160.00 10.30 213.50 275.00 2,000.00 71.00 235.00
3rd Quarter 167.50 881.00 158.00 10.10 203.00 340.00 1,960.40 78.00 265.00
4th Quarter 166.00 950.00 139.90 10.50 207.50 380.00 2,000.00 79.50 240.00
2016 1st Quarter 140.00 950.00 115.00 9.70 185.00 380.00 1,903.30 72.00 205.00
2nd Quarter 135.00 1,000.00 121.00 10.10 197.00 400.10 2,030.00 81.00 205.00
3rd Quarter 135.00 850.00 120.10 10.40 206.00 540.00 2,030.00 85.00 208.00
4th Quarter 143.00 797.00 138.50 10.10 218.00 613.00 1,975.00 94.60 –
2017 1st Quarter 133.90 800.00 128.50 10.40 221.00 710.00 1,930.10 95.00 –
2nd Quarter 138.00 865.00 130.50 11.10 220.00 810.00 2,001.00 108.00 –
3rd Quarter 157.90 949.00 134.60 11.10 220.00 740.00 1,699.90 118.00 –
4th Quarter 145.00 934.10 133.00 12.00 236.00 823.00 1,600.00 118.00 –
Maket Capitalisation, Rs. Mn.
2015 1st Quarter 198,899 187,230 134,135 84,695 71,674 28,341 123,300 37,977 72,150
2nd Quarter 203,388 168,666 131,580 85,510 69,898 33,264 112,705 46,949 81,000
3rd Quarter 193,476 180,824 130,397 88,767 69,372 36,685 112,754 48,666 82,470
4th Quarter 211,829 185,919 115,033 87,138 68,320 40,069 110,110 53,189 73,800
2016 1st Quarter 176,032 189,553 102,998 83,067 65,741 40,867 108,977 46,147 61,860
2nd Quarter 183,508 196,690 101,345 84,695 69,974 52,994 128,941 49,239 62,130
3rd Quarter 209,367 161,098 119,935 94,468 74,267 61,177 118,201 59,602 71,130
4th Quarter 201,183 151,077 120,852 85,510 74,420 71,318 107,553 56,126 71,130
2017 1st Quarter 191,332 163,140 110,297 92,025 75,694 77,077 112,249 62,256 71,130
2nd Quarter 248,079 185,451 129,615 97,725 81,087 83,882 109,063 87,763 71,130
3rd Quarter 321,024 181,891 128,970 98,540 92,178 92,178 91,328 68,312 71,130
4th Quarter 206,044 188,167 126,554 105,869 97,684 90,278 87,358 72,436 71,130
(a) Given companies are in terms of market capitalisation as at end 2012.
107
Table 9.8
by Major Companies(a) 2015 – 2017
Melstacorp Sampath Lanka Orix Sri Lanka Cargills Lion Carson CT DFCC Ceylinco
PLC Bank Leasing Telecom (Ceylon) Brewery Cumber- Holdings Bank Insurance
PLC Company PLC PLC Ceylon batch PLC
PLC PLC PLC
– 4,747 562 703 194 112 277 205 1,873 327

– 4,012 1,628 882 484 111 232 138 1,759 169
– 3,704 1,415 1,109 773 128 282 381 1,654 122
– 1,997 615 479 479 98 185 133 1,217 205
– 3,485 897 830 278 181 229 129 1,160 125
– 2,459 650 981 344 319 266 106 1,211 91
– 2,728 1,006 902 361 381 401 223 1,206 59
383 2,026 610 615 361 577 236 158 1,773 115
2,703 2,523 650 639 432 196 268 324 1,320 429
1,456 2,803 3,371 968 508 262 223 210 1,634 199
761 3,883 2,240 865 369 178 274 137 900 158
510 8,338 1,352 677 353 407 317 246 1,496 168

– 1,780,690 44,090 25,514 33,081 41,075 40,427 68,166 745,142 47,915
– 2,320,214 343,532 26,360 158,650 38,908 18,959 10,510 834,677 3,535,993
– 2,026,911 247,457 37,707 177,077 68,869 53,684 48,460 392,628 1,960,268
– 854,570 41,567 10,064 241,582 681,260 8,551 534,744 486,308 206,464
– 1,806,909 55,385 66,215 178,443 284,133 82,522 12,214 204,479 56,289
– 961,168 28,772 22,498 232,409 396,806 25,605 41,934 205,862 54,421
– 986,513 708,091 15,121 74,629 568,898 5,384 33,540 172,141 48,036
43,045 730,362 102,875 8,891 272,337 404,958 7,531 44,619 726,424 33,780
2,393,537 974,758 27,613 7,537 359,449 401,138 10,643 63,009 154,267 102,896
1,463,164 1,954,514 330,120 12,943 186,134 487,988 16,993 67,889 480,947 60,860
893,809 1,978,098 709,735 16,198 53,970 356,655 14,840 68,166 58,688 19,978
382,125 6,886,015 391,693 9,461 441,730 1,632,914 22,862 158,484 732,545 38,169

– 6,894 497 505 227 66 97 484 3,403 30
– 8,953 3,759 559 1,136 61 47 81 4,050 2,207
– 7,658 2,306 789 1,054 108 134 342 2,000 1,225
– 3,393 440 209 1,333 1,088 24 3,821 2,909 145
– 7,906 707 1,876 1,068 567 322 94 1,370 39
– 4,214 334 551 1,614 947 95 331 1,460 37
– 3,927 8,455 407 445 1,498 24 265 1,305 37
716 2,783 1,296 248 1,517 952 41 370 6,130 25
36,778 3,648 435 220 1,827 906 64 455 1,310 77
22,197 6,815 3,456 389 898 1,118 100 424 3,968 40
13,677 6,782 5,836 537 267 789 96 415 477 14
6,520 20,481 2,998 318 2,179 3,061 138 897 6,114 28

– 275.00 97.00 54.90 157.50 654.60 489.00 150.00 232.00 1,949.90
– 272.00 113.00 49.90 145.00 700.00 440.00 140.00 230.00 1,700.00
– 279.90 116.20 50.90 188.00 680.00 430.00 164.00 206.50 1,580.00
– 261.90 102.50 49.50 193.50 660.00 400.00 148.50 183.00 1,500.00
– 253.00 94.50 46.40 189.50 630.00 355.00 142.00 168.00 1,560.00
– 240.00 93.00 45.00 168.90 549.50 300.00 135.00 170.00 1,650.00
– 266.90 92.00 39.80 179.00 435.00 240.00 132.00 140.00 1,440.00
65.00 268.70 83.90 39.90 195.00 509.90 196.90 140.00 132.40 1,499.90
69.50 285.00 79.00 36.70 201.00 495.00 190.00 150.00 124.00 1,599.90
69.50 300.00 114.00 36.00 220.50 475.00 189.00 170.00 133.90 1,720.00
69.50 311.00 130.00 32.80 210.00 475.00 170.00 170.00 130.00 1,624.70
61.00 352.20 145.00 31.90 211.00 598.00 180.00 188.00 138.20 1,597.00

– 235.20 75.00 44.00 136.00 590.00 365.00 127.10 200.00 1,304.00
– 240.00 76.00 44.00 134.10 601.00 370.00 126.20 199.50 1,460.00
– 248.10 95.00 43.00 135.20 618.00 372.00 128.10 182.10 1,345.00
– 246.00 90.10 45.00 162.20 590.00 345.00 130.20 155.00 1,342.00
– 210.00 64.10 31.20 150.00 452.00 212.00 117.00 135.00 1,300.00
– 217.50 71.10 36.70 140.00 372.00 238.00 118.00 126.20 1,340.00
– 227.60 78.00 35.80 150.00 370.00 183.00 120.00 125.50 1,300.00
59.00 253.00 70.20 33.30 165.10 380.00 172.00 114.00 116.10 1,200.00
54.90 256.00 59.00 32.10 180.00 406.10 150.10 120.00 110.00 1,200.00
60.00 253.50 60.50 30.80 183.00 400.00 153.20 142.50 112.00 1,430.00
58.00 266.20 107.10 28.00 190.20 410.10 145.10 140.00 118.00 1,350.00
56.50 305.00 112.00 27.00 192.00 470.00 147.00 170.00 118.30 1,276.00

– 42,330 36,400 82,121 30,688 48,008 71,956 23,436 53,762 33,834
– 44,681 47,377 79,775 31,562 49,616 78,967 – 52,967 31,518
– 44,491 45,904 87,897 38,080 49,600 77,573 24,901 48,486 28,000
– 42,734 44,669 84,828 42,336 50,400 67,970 25,634 44,563 29,712
– 38,943 34,214 70,029 33,600 36,720 53,024 23,784 36,318 29,960
– 40,352 37,066 68,224 34,272 30,400 47,074 21,642 33,667 28,788
– 47,130 39,061 69,668 39,200 30,400 36,076 22,521 34,277 27,976
69,108 46,086 34,452 64,975 43,546 37,200 34,132 22,924 32,474 29,800
68,992 48,223 28,987 60,102 42,045 36,800 32,050 27,263 30,221 31,724
79,597 53,325 53,603 57,756 45,024 34,400 31,167 29,296 34,198 31,934
68,292 57,440 60,350 52,341 43,008 37,768 29,851 31,127 31,547 28,000
69,341 68,577 54,696 51,439 44,778 43,200 34,564 32,958 32,554 31,940
Source : Colombo Stock Exchange
108
Table 9.9
Share Issues 2014 – 2017
2014 2015 2016(a) 2017(b)

Issue and Sector No. No. No. No.
of Shares Value of Shares Value of Shares Value of Shares Value
Issues ’000 Rs. ’000 Issues ’000 Rs. ’000 Issues ’000 Rs. ’000 Issues ’000 Rs. ’000
New Listing(c)
Banks, Finance & Insurance 1 235,712 1,649,987 1 6,630 79,565 3 171,500 1,897,500 – – –
Beverages, Food & Tobacco 1 62,000 300,000 – – – – – – – – –
Diversified Holdings 1 132,616 397,848 – – – – – – – – –
Manufacturing 1 59,861 838,048 – – – – – – 1* 30, 685* –
Land & Property 1 16,000 96,000 – – – – – – 1 121,000 960,000
Power & Energy – – – – – – – – – – – –
Construction & Engineering – – – – – – – – – – – –
Healthcare 1 100,000 250,000 – – – – – –
Hotels & Travels – – – – – – – – – – – –
Total 5 506,189 3,281,882 2 106,630 329,565 3 171,500 1,897,500 1 121,000 960,000*

Right Issues
Banks, Finance & Insurance 5 711,192 3,262,471 4 702,630 4,275,342 4 817,480 1,013,625 11 1,789,484 42,194,731
Beverages, Food & Tobacco – – – – – – – – – – – –
Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals – – – – – – – – – – – –
Construction & Engineering – – – 1 53,290 2,398,069 – – – – – –
Diversified Holdings 1 1,860,000 2,325,000 1 57,255 4,122,325 – – – – – –
Footwear & Textiles 1 55,398 526,277 – – – – – – – – –
Hotels & Travels 2 160,570 1,798,659 2 137,950 2,101,264 2 98,947 1,517,469 – – –
Information Technology – – – – – – – – – – – –
Investment Trusts – – – 1 3,993 49,909 – – – – – –
Land & Property – – – 1 44,394 976,666 – – – 1 355,151 7,280,602
Manufacturing 1 15,549 186,584 2 234,872 887,696 – – – 1 19 149,328
Motors – – – – – – – – – – – –
Plantations – – – 1 140,501 1,334,760 – – – 1 10,150 101,500
Power & Energy – – – – – – – – – – – –
Trading – – – – – – – – – – – –
Stores & Supplies – – – 1 380 45,562 – – – – – –
Services – – – 1 25 30,008 – – – 1 1,688 877,752
Total 10 2,802,708 8,098,990 15 1,375,290 16,221,603 6 916,427 2,531,094 15 2,156,492 50,603,914

Bonus Issues(d)
Banks, Finance & Insurance 1 6,522 260,910 – – – 2 15,092 – – – –
Beverages, Food & Tobacco 1 960
Construction & Engineering – – – – – – – – – – – –
Hotels & Travels 1 182
Land & Property – – – – – – – – – – – –
Manufacturing 1 384 3,847 – – – 1 47,316 – 1 66,825 –
Power & Energy 1 238,635 – – – – 1 74,715 –
Total 2 6,906 264,757 1 238,635 – 3 62,409 – 4 142,682 –
(a) Revised Source : Colombo Stock Exchange

(b) Provisional
(c) Excluding new listings which were introduced by way of introductions.
(d) Including Capitalisation of Reserves.
* Offer for Sale not taken to total
109
GOVERNMENT FINANCE
Table 10.1
Summary of Fiscal Operations 2008 – 2017
Rs. Million
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Revenue and Grants 686,482 725,566 834,188 983,003 1,067,532 1,153,306 1,204,621 1,460,892 1,693,558 1,839,562
Revenue 655,259 699,644 817,279 967,862 1,051,460 1,137,447 1,195,206 1,454,878 1,686,062 1,831,531
Tax Revenue(b) 585,621 618,933 724,747 845,697 908,913 1,005,895 1,050,362 1,355,779 1,463,689 1,670,178
Income Tax 126,541 139,558 135,623 157,310 172,563 205,666 198,115 262,583 258,857 274,562
Taxes on Goods and Services 306,409 272,383 355,366 436,758 457,818 506,906 539,023 724,282 747,147 921,244
Taxes on International Trade 112,336 137,260 130,749 162,071 184,634 191,815 198,483 244,231 302,538 311,782
Other 40,335 69,732 103,009 89,558 93,898 101,508 114,741 124,683 155,147 162,591
Non-Tax Revenue 69,639 80,711 92,532 122,165 142,547 131,552 144,844 99,099 222,374 161,353
Property Income 27,323 43,991 58,147 71,730 103,669 75,686 73,828 39,055 131,198 67,922
Fees and Charges 16,592 23,321 19,746 30,891 20,739 37,768 35,499 42,398 68,365 66,635
Other 25,724 13,399 14,621 19,544 18,139 18,098 35,517 17,646 22,811 26,795
Grants 31,222 25,922 16,909 15,141 16,071 15,859 9,415 6,014 7,496 8,031
Expenditure and Net Lending 996,126 1,201,927 1,280,205 1,433,182 1,556,499 1,669,396 1,795,865 2,290,394 2,333,883 2,573,056
Recurrent Expenditure 743,710 879,575 937,094 1,024,906 1,131,023 1,205,180 1,322,898 1,701,658 1,757,782 1,927,693
Expenditure on Goods and Services 360,328 379,731 388,286 451,605 487,833 512,624 568,829 772,563 746,250 756,591
o/w ; Salaries and Wages 239,078 271,229 300,558 319,601 347,747 393,228 440,982 561,730 576,471 588,518
Interest Payments 212,475 309,675 352,592 356,699 408,498 444,007 436,395 509,674 610,895 735,566
Domestic 182,198 273,978 297,127 288,134 317,659 343,022 327,934 394,289 484,182 570,623
Foreign 30,277 35,698 55,464 68,565 90,839 100,985 108,461 115,386 126,713 164,942
Transfer Payments 170,908 190,168 196,216 216,602 234,692 248,549 317,674 419,420 400,637 435,536
Capital Expenditure 232,607 277,416 302,087 377,812 400,082 454,303 459,855 588,175 577,036 638,343
Acquisition of Real Assets 128,605 143,590 158,488 217,438 197,350 252,535 252,303 313,260 328,202 360,333
Capital Transfers 104,002 133,826 143,599 160,374 202,732 201,768 207,551 274,916 248,834 278,010
Lending minus Repayments 19,809 44,936 41,025 30,464 25,394 9,913 13,112 561 -934 7,021
Current Account Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) -88,450 -179,931 -119,815 -57,044 -79,563 -67,733 -127,692 -246,779 -71,719 -96,162
Overall Budget Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) -309,644 -476,361 -446,017 -450,180 -488,967 -516,090 -591,244 -829,502 -640,325 -733,494
Total Financing 309,644 476,361 446,017 450,180 488,967 516,090 591,244 829,502 640,325 733,494
Foreign Financing(c) 4,645 230,807 243,788 218,956 286,455 123,700 212,523 236,803 391,914 439,243
Domestic Financing 314,287 245,554 202,229 231,224 202,511 392,390 378,721 592,699 248,411 294,251
Market Borrowings 309,669 234,274 191,999 236,021 202,511 379,390 392,084 592,699 248,411 249,574
Bank 195,233 49,027 -1,892 191,850 131,527 296,977 126,929 291,841 139,955 187,733
Non-Bank 114,437 185,247 193,891 44,171 70,984 82,414 265,155 300,858 108,456 61,841
Other Borrowings 4,619 11,280 10,230 -4,798 – 13,000 -13,363 – – 44,677
Outstanding Central Government Debt 3,588,962 4,161,422 4,590,245 5,133,365 6,000,112 6,793,249 7,390,899 8,503,227 9,387,303 10,313,045
Domestic 2,140,228 2,400,955 2,565,662 2,804,085 3,232,813 3,832,825 4,277,783 4,959,196 5,341,507 5,594,427
Foreign 1,448,734 1,760,467 2,024,583 2,329,280 2,767,299 2,960,424 3,113,116 3,544,031 4,045,796 4,718,618

As Per cent of GDP(d)(e)(f)
Revenue and Grants 15.6 15.0 13.0 13.6 12.2 12.0 11.6 13.3 14.2 13.8
Total Expenditure and Net Lending 22.6 24.9 20.0 19.9 17.8 17.4 17.3 20.9 19.6 19.3
Recurrent Expenditure 16.9 18.2 14.6 14.2 13.0 12.6 12.8 15.5 14.8 14.5
Current Account Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) -2.0 -3.7 -1.9 -0.8 -0.9 -0.7 -1.2 -2.3 -0.6 -0.7
Overall Budget Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) -7.0 -9.9 -7.0 -6.2 -5.6 -5.4 -5.7 -7.6 -5.4 -5.5
(a) Provisional Sources : Ministry of Finance and

(b) Includes the amount of tax exemptions granted for specified projects and the amount of tax concessions granted on import of Mass Media
vehicles by public servants. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(c) Includes rupee denominated Treasury bonds and Treasury bills issued to foreign investors.
(d) From 2003, based on GDP estimates compiled by the Department of Census and Statistics and rebased GDP estimates
(base year 2010) of the Department of Census and Statistics have been used from 2010 onwards
(e) Based on revised GDP estimates for 2015 and 2016 made available on 20 March 2018 by the Department of Census and Statistics.
(f) Based on revised GDP estimates for 2017 made available on 18 June 2018 by the Department of Census and Statistics.
110
GOVERNMENT FINANCE
Table 10.2
Functional Classification of Recurrent Expenditure 2008 – 2017
Rs. Million
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
General Public Services 207,348 224,281 228,136 245,266 254,371 270,554 334,354 414,275 408,176 424,975
Civil Administration 36,150 37,123 37,895 43,076 47,135 54,303 73,282 105,661 104,519 113,175
Defence 134,710 144,884 145,243 159,553 163,219 170,150 195,401 233,733 224,315 228,013
Public Order and Safety 36,487 42,274 44,998 42,637 44,017 46,101 65,671 74,881 79,343 83,787
Social Services 240,768 260,071 267,636 314,137 335,427 399,666 446,440 564,190 607,626 640,368
Education 77,141 82,414 85,195 99,043 107,271 119,819 139,787 169,600 179,319 187,628
Health 55,874 58,789 60,506 74,443 81,946 99,609 116,151 140,560 155,402 161,312
Welfare 94,789 105,017 107,690 123,122 128,451 159,787 165,467 230,035 251,490 264,510
Community Services 12,963 13,852 14,245 17,529 17,758 20,451 25,036 23,995 21,415 26,919
Economic Services 80,303 85,188 85,440 88,233 92,034 82,146 105,030 173,430 129,435 126,310
Agriculture & Irrigation 41,579 43,967 44,081 46,290 46,429 29,899 46,782 91,267 63,787 71,460
Energy and Water Supply 3,323 3,429 3,492 3,533 3,612 4,001 394 5,479 1,334 1,478
Transport & Communication 29,587 31,068 31,246 31,823 34,995 36,810 41,129 57,028 48,959 34,657
Other 5,814 6,724 6,621 6,587 6,998 11,435 16,726 19,656 15,354 18,715
Other 215,291 310,035 355,882 358,996 449,191 452,814 437,073 549,763 612,544 736,040
Of which : Interest Payments 212,475 309,675 352,592 356,699 408,498 444,007 436,395 509,674 610,895 735,566
Total Recurrent Expenditure 743,710 879,575 937,094 1,006,633 1,131,023 1,205,180 1,322,898 1,701,658 1,757,782 1,927,693
(a) Provisional Source : Ministry of Finance and Mass Media
Table 10.3
Functional Classification of Capital Expenditure and Lending 2008 – 2017
Rs. Million
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
General Public Services 34,404 20,094 21,510 32,484 27,510 32,804 43,620 48,699 50,504 46,348
Civil Administration 29,675 18,686 20,212 28,668 26,565 31,631 40,282 44,886 46,128 41,362
Public Order and Safety 4,728 1,409 1,298 3,816 945 1,173 3,338 3,813 4,376 4,986
Social Services 60,236 53,938 56,205 62,953 71,176 77,643 112,338 124,369 117,297 135,306
Education 22,942 18,092 19,053 22,326 28,930 31,982 50,363 55,447 58,971 69,752
Health 18,674 12,664 13,329 14,774 17,155 19,920 22,252 37,230 30,747 35,509
Housing 4,826 5,291 5,489 6,712 7,823 8,014 7,769 7,811 7,152 9,553
Community Services 13,794 17,891 18,334 19,141 17,267 17,727 31,954 23,882 20,426 20,493
Economic Services 168,879 256,411 278,803 311,594 343,828 369,377 330,136 429,030 424,021 474,118
Agriculture & Irrigation 17,681 22,105 24,865 28,568 30,351 36,721 57,099 54,447 68,990 66,663
Energy and Water Supply 48,783 59,983 66,569 74,028 85,589 87,517 51,314 55,499 48,840 54,872
Transport & Communication 82,916 139,104 165,505 186,342 204,539 210,398 177,471 239,279 200,478 228,847
Other 19,499 35,219 21,864 22,656 23,350 34,741 44,252 79,805 105,713 123,736
Other 341 5 1 459 1,459 1,379 516 668 2,191 1,614

Total Capital Expenditure
and Lending 263,860 330,448 356,519 407,489 443,973 481,203 486,610 602,767 594,013 657,386

111
GOVERNMENT FINANCE
Table 10.4
Government Revenue 2008 – 2017
Rs. Million
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Tax Revenue 585,621 618,933 724,747 845,697 908,913 1,005,895 1,050,362 1,355,779 1,463,689 1,670,178
Taxes on Foreign Trade 112,336 137,260 130,749 162,071 184,634 191,815 198,483 244,231 302,538 311,782
Imports 63,844 79,560 64,163 79,811 80,155 83,123 81,108 132,189 156,487 136,501
PAL / RIDL / SCL / Other(b) 48,492 57,700 66,685 82,260 104,479 108,692 117,375 112,042 146,051 175,280
Taxes on Domestic Goods
and Services 306,409 272,383 355,366 436,758 457,818 506,906 539,023 724,282 747,147 921,244
GST / VAT 203,646 171,510 219,990 225,858 229,604 250,757 275,350 219,700 283,470 443,760
Domestic 102,805 103,891 120,412 104,897 109,370 124,440 140,084 130,527 168,134 275,367
Imports 100,841 67,620 99,578 120,961 120,234 126,317 135,266 89,173 115,336 168,393
Excise Tax 100,970 97,604 129,864 204,822 223,960 250,700 256,691 497,652 454,952 469,500
Liquor 27,434 28,525 36,654 55,286 60,086 66,008 69,100 105,264 120,238 113,684
Tobacco / Cigarettes 37,288 37,601 40,675 49,623 53,563 58,567 57,240 80,015 88,792 86,002
Petroleum 18,977 23,018 28,038 22,470 28,466 27,131 28,732 45,092 55,719 73,983
Other 17,271 8,460 24,497 77,444 81,845 98,994 101,618 267,282 190,203 195,831
Licence Fees 1,793 3,269 5,512 6,078 4,254 5,449 6,983 6,929 8,726 7,984
Taxes on Net Income and Profits 126,541 139,558 135,623 157,310 172,563 205,666 198,115 262,583 258,857 274,562
Corporate 63,693 66,751 75,208 98,748 91,888 100,649 98,183 162,019 164,592 177,591
Non-Corporate 23,326 28,229 30,993 24,785 21,413 27,337 30,529 38,152 46,426 45,619
Taxes on Interest 39,522 44,578 29,422 33,776 59,262 77,679 69,402 62,412 47,839 51,351
Stamp Duty / Cess Levy /
SRL / NBT / Other(c) 31,925 61,696 92,165 85,326 93,898 101,508 114,742 124,683 155,147 162,591
Debits Tax 8,410 8,036 10,843 4,232 – – – – – –
Non-Tax Revenue 69,639 80,711 92,532 122,165 142,547 131,552 144,844 99,099 222,374 161,353
Current Revenue 69,521 80,633 92,292 121,651 141,716 131,272 127,239 99,001 221,966 161,353
Property Income 27,323 43,991 58,147 71,730 103,669 75,686 73,828 39,055 131,198 67,922
Rent 2,050 1,425 2,048 3,580 2,197 2,331 5,669 2,823 10,980 4,450
Interest 9,305 9,043 8,017 9,846 9,488 9,664 7,978 4,498 4,826 7,395
Profits and Dividends 7,365 11,982 31,301 34,351 46,761 35,169 46,814 29,798 108,160 53,998
National Lottery 603 1,542 1,781 1,953 2,223 2,173 1,868 1,936 2,231 2,079
Central Bank Profit Transfers 8,000 20,000 15,000 22,000 43,000 26,350 11,500 – 5,000 –
Social Security Contributions 6,791 11,165 11,120 12,628 11,738 15,145 14,919 15,213 18,046 22,940
Fees and Administration
Charges 16,592 23,321 19,746 30,891 20,739 37,768 35,499 42,398 68,365 66,635
Other 18,815 2,156 3,279 6,402 5,570 2,673 2,993 2,334 4,357 3,855
Capital Revenue(d) 118 78 240 514 831 280 17,604 98 407 –
Total 655,259 699,644 817,279 967,862 1,051,460 1,137,447 1,195,206 1,454,878 1,686,062 1,831,531

(b) Port and Airport Development Levy (PAL), Regional Infrastructure Development
Levy (RIDL) and Special Commodity Levy (SCL)
(c) Social Responsibility Levy (SRL) and Nation Building Tax (NBT)
(d) Sale of capital goods
112
GOVERNMENT FINANCE
Table 10.5
Central Government Domestic Debt 2008 – 2017
Rs. Million
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
By Instruments
Rupee Loans(b) 130,009 112,292 87,709 61,961 58,386 55,518 55,518 24,088 24,088 24,088
Treasury Bills(c) 402,600 441,032 514,442 590,885 629,070 700,137 694,767 658,240 779,581 697,154
Sri Lanka Development Bonds 158,805 168,079 173,877 183,845 222,994 369,215 391,083 668,458 572,199 637,886
Central Bank Advances 76,308 73,881 77,879 94,743 111,292 109,167 143,898 151,132 83,307 199,801
Treasury Bonds(d) 1,281,978 1,513,512 1,643,887 1,819,251 2,095,054 2,452,360 2,844,054 3,305,248 3,714,787 3,822,620
Other(e) 90,528 92,160 67,869 53,400 116,017 146,429 148,463 152,031 167,545 212,879
Total 2,140,228 2,400,955 2,565,662 2,804,085 3,232,813 3,832,825 4,277,783 4,959,196 5,341,507 5,594,427
By Ownership
Banking Sector 657,425 705,766 691,716 886,221 1,060,317 1,433,773 1,669,882 1,924,036 2,114,901 2,328,544
Central Bank 239,248 109,593 78,376 263,329 265,198 112,396 267,677 256,050 414,950 209,412
Commercial Banks 418,177 596,172 613,340 622,892 795,119 1,321,377 1,402,205 1,667,986 1,699,951 2,119,133
Non-Bank Sector 1,482,804 1,695,189 1,873,945 1,917,864 2,172,495 2,399,053 2,607,901 3,035,160 3,226,606 3,265,883
Insurance Funds 25,976 34,490 32,839 34,356 33,768 30,849 30,536 50,597 57,944 72,305
Provident and Pension Funds(f) 698,192 835,402 884,279 959,303 1,204,729 1,428,534 1,474,560 1,655,336 1,826,633 1,942,739
Official Funds(g) 107,234 132,485 167,374 161,568 178,900 202,118 221,584 252,615 271,630 289,154
Private Business and
Individuals(h) 443,084 426,177 495,261 447,385 424,015 365,376 500,773 647,807 643,628 513,894
Other 4,251 9,551 7,678 933 933 13,933 570 570 – –
Total 2,140,228 2,400,955 2,565,662 2,804,085 3,232,813 3,832,825 4,277,783 4,959,196 5,341,507 5,594,427

Ministry of National Policies and Economic Affairs
(b) Includes the market value of investments held by joint investment fund on behalf of the sinking funds.
(c) Excludes outstanding Treasury bills held by foreign investors.
(d) Excludes, (i) rupee denominated Treasury bonds held by foreign investors; (ii) Treasury bonds amounting
to Rs. 78,447 million issued to settle dues to CPC in January 2012. Due to maturing of some of those
bonds in January 2017, the outstanding amount from January 2017 was Rs. 56,662 million; and (iii)
Treasury bonds amounting to Rs. 13,125 million issued to capitalize SriLankan Airlines.
(e) Includes administrative borrowings arising from foreign loans channelled through government or
semi-government agencies and outstanding borrowings from Offshore Banking Units (OBUs).
(f) Trusts, Benevolent, Pension and Provident Funds and the Employees’ Provident Fund.
(g) The Central Government, Local Authorities, State Corporations, Departmental and other official funds.
(h) Includes the value of Treasury Certificates of Deposits, Public Debt Sinking Funds (the Investment Fund
w.e.f. September, 1971) and the National Housing Sinking Fund.
113
GOVERNMENT FINANCE
Table 10.6
Central Government Foreign Debt 2008 – 2017
Rs. Million
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
By Type
Project Loans(b) 1,261,304 1,362,806 1,461,729 1,640,117 1,846,772 1,938,909 1,904,599 2,180,388 2,361,118 2,610,547
Non-Project Loans 187,430 397,661 562,854 689,163 920,527 1,021,515 1,208,516 1,363,642 1,684,678 2,108,070
Commodity(c) 66,499 62,304 54,653 53,460 56,599 61,597 69,993 71,470 69,101 62,727
Other(d) 120,931 335,357 508,201 635,703 863,928 959,918 1,138,523 1,292,173 1,615,577 2,045,344
Total 1,448,734 1,760,467 2,024,583 2,329,280 2,767,299 2,960,424 3,113,116 3,544,031 4,045,796 4,718,618

By Ownership
Multilateral 618,181 665,040 674,936 721,916 844,292 903,540 887,960 994,430 1,076,549 1,198,243
ADB 317,763 344,661 358,872 383,461 448,421 478,796 471,762 533,806 569,686 632,237
EIB 18,010 20,463 18,792 18,054 23,438 23,248 21,133 29,728 27,518 29,193
IBRD 240 – – – 322 4,530 6,987 10,382 27,760 28,462
IDA 267,475 284,074 281,217 302,244 349,997 373,085 363,052 391,149 417,636 467,832
IFAD 9,052 10,309 11,032 13,007 16,013 17,419 17,098 18,631 21,520 24,405
OPEC 2,355 2,173 1,913 2,052 2,699 2,998 4,783 7,547 9,309 12,743
Nordic Development Fund 3,285 3,360 3,110 3,099 3,403 3,464 3,145 3,187 3,119 3,370
Bilateral 666,533 684,750 739,213 842,804 1,035,907 823,180 793,196 888,971 945,754 992,157
Canada 7,718 8,488 8,134 7,701 8,269 7,409 6,339 5,373 5,275 5,254
France(e) 12,424 15,021 18,427 19,503 24,273 26,861 24,698 25,406 24,448 27,977
Germany 61,528 58,279 50,263 47,547 51,164 52,112 43,342 40,726 39,145 43,506
India 15,294 17,902 17,292 41,927 78,322 102,843 119,982 137,413 142,277 145,071
Japan 426,936 426,767 478,931 529,013 547,515 468,366 416,408 457,483 486,199 506,829
Kuwait 4,649 5,103 5,237 5,799 6,194 5,749 5,357 6,765 7,774 8,768
Netherlands 751 291 87 – – – – – – –
People’s Republic of China 29,688 46,641 56,459 59,497 67,434 67,154 87,743 117,284 131,604 135,728
Saudi Arabian Fund 1,217 2,328 2,338 2,544 2,648 3,868 4,982 10,724 13,255 16,722
U.S.A. 50,708 46,952 42,414 40,318 41,386 38,854 35,246 34,594 31,798 28,295
Other 55,619 56,978 59,633 88,957 208,702 49,963 49,100 53,205 63,978 74,007
Financial Markets 164,020 410,676 610,433 764,560 887,100 1,233,704 1,431,959 1,660,630 2,023,493 2,528,218
Riggs National Bank 3,674 3,476 3,140 2,984 3,064 2,922 2,651 2,607 2,336 2,110
Bankers’ Trust Co. 634 560 466 399 356 275 184 101 – –
Saloman Bros. Inc. (New York) 374 270 157 54 – – – – – –
Citi Bank / NEXI 11,314 – – – – – – 201 – –
Export-Import Bank of China(f) – – – – – – 146,262 192,889 242,416 299,405
Other(g) 148,024 406,370 606,670 761,124 883,680 1,230,507 1,282,863 1,464,832 1,778,741 2,226,703
Total 1,448,734 1,760,467 2,024,583 2,329,280 2,767,299 2,960,424 3,113,116 3,544,031 4,045,796 4,718,618
(a) Provisional. Source : Ministry of Finance and Mass Media

(b) Represents the amounts withdrawn and outstanding on the loans contracted with the IBRD, USA, Canada, Ministry of National Policies
Denmark, People’s Republic of China, Germany, UK, India, IDA, ADB, Netherlands, Kuwait, OPEC, Japan, UAE, and Economic Affairs
IFAD, Skandinaviska Enskilda Benkens - Sweden, Salomon Brother’s Incorporated-New York, Bank Indosuez, Central Bank of Sri Lanka
BFCE-France, Citibank International of USA, Australia, Austria, Saudi Arabian Fund, EIB, Hong Kong and Korea.
(c) Represents the amounts withdrawn and outstanding on the loans contracted with the USA, Canada, Germany,
Japan, France, India, Italy, Pakistan, and Netherlands.
(d) Includes cash loans received from the ADB, USA, China, Germany, Japan, OPEC, rupee denominated Treasury
bonds and rupee denominated Treasury bills from 2008 held by foreign investors, the international sovereign
bonds, outstanding defence loans and foreign currency term financing facilities.
(e) Includes loans from financial institutions.
(f) Excludes outstanding loans of projects under State Owned Business Enterprises.
(g) Includes outstanding defence loans, rupee denominated Treasury bonds and Treasury bills held by foreign
investors, proceeds from the international sovereign bond issuances, foreign currency term financing facilities and
outstanding loans from China Exim Bank.
114
GOVERNMENT FINANCE
Table 10.7
Revenue and Expenditure of Provincial Councils(a)
Rs. Million
North North Sabara-

Item Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Total
Revenue and Expenditure

Receipts 2015
Grant from the Central Govt. 21,128 25,432 23,449 18,108 18,937 23,384 15,833 17,962 20,848 185,082
Revenue 35,607 6,027 6,104 2,219 2,705 6,384 2,818 2,727 3,381 67,972
Total 56,736 31,459 29,553 20,327 21,642 29,768 18,651 20,689 24,229 253,053
Expenditure
Recurrent (Including Local Govt.) 49,434 27,998 25,637 18,373 19,886 26,598 14,848 18,590 20,858 222,223
Capital Expenditure(b) 4,654 1,513 2,025 1,798 1,393 1,649 1,980 1,824 3,351 20,187
Total 54,088 29,511 27,662 20,171 21,279 28,247 16,829 20,414 24,209 242,410
Receipts 2016
Revenue 41,203 6,874 6,630 3,115 3,316 7,383 3,592 3,297 4,186 79,585
Total 64,547 31,760 28,748 22,183 22,287 30,070 19,716 21,234 23,741 264,276
Expenditure
Total 60,544 31,964 31,755 22,084 22,230 29,968 19,853 21,670 25,613 265,680
Receipts 2017
Revenue 44,498 7,382 8,171 3,583 3,699 8,092 3,822 3,487 4,242 86,976
Total 60,589 32,802 32,149 24,887 25,119 32,723 20,510 22,327 25,989 277,094
Expenditure
Total 59,810 31,832 32,978 24,097 24,800 31,333 20,042 22,980 27,207 275,080
Analysis of Revenue Collection

2015
Turnover Tax(c) 42 8 3 – – 1 9 2 384 448
Excise Duty on Liquor(d) 723 416 171 – 50 164 58 126 113 1,820
Licence Fee – Vehicles 3,751 806 945 283 335 1,131 488 347 626 8,711
Licence Fee – Others – 4 3 – – – … … … 6
Profit and Dividends – – – – – – – – – –
Other 14,204 2,582 2,824 1,456 1,527 2,833 1,675 1,552 1,332 29,986
Sub Total
18,720 3,816 3,946 1,738 1,912 4,129 2,229 2,027 2,455 40,972
Stamp Duty 16,887 2,212 2,158 481 793 2,255 589 699 926 27,000
Total
35,607 6,027 6,104 2,219 2,705 6,384 2,818 2,727 3,381 67,972
2016
Turnover Tax(c) 29 5 2 – – 3 1 2 2 44
Excise Duty on Liquor(d) 812 431 197 42 82 155 67 119 124 2,028
Licence Fee – Vehicles 3,869 851 612 305 455 1,234 535 387 672 8,921
Licence Fee – Others – 5 2 – – – ... ... ... 7
Other 16,240 2,992 3,052 2,237 1,820 3,266 2,253 1,938 2,239 36,038
Sub Total
20,951 4,284 3,864 2,585 2,357 4,659 2,856 2,456 3,037 47,038
Stamp Duty 20,252 2,590 2,766 530 959 2,723 736 841 1,149 32,547
Total
41,203 6,874 6,630 3,115 3,316 7,383 3,592 3,287 4,186 79,585
2017
Turnover Tax(c) 16 3 1 – – 4 1 3 1 29
Excise Duty on Liquor(d) 659 367 142 47 101 141 75 102 96 1,731
Licence Fee – Vehicles 3,988 901 1,176 324 464 1,295 570 420 712 9,849
Licence Fee – Others – 13 2 – – – … … – 15
Other 19,966 3,688 4,191 2,808 2,184 4,066 2,454 2,201 2,350 43,909
Sub Total
24,629 4,972 5,512 3,180 2,749 5,506 3,101 2,726 3,159 55,533
Stamp Duty 19,869 2,410 2,659 404 950 2,586 721 761 1,083 31,443
Total
44,498 7,382 8,171 3,583 3,699 8,092 3,822 3,487 4,242 86,976
(a) As at end December. Source : Ministry of Local Government and

(b) Includes Criteria Based Grants (CBG) and Project Specific Development Grants (PSDG). Provincial Councils
(c) Turnover tax calculation is been terminated as per the 2011 budget proposals.
This accounts to the arrearses collected for 2010.
(d) Including Licence Fee – Liquor
… Negligible
115
BANKING AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Table 11.1
Assets and Liabilities of the Central Bank 2008 – 2017
Rs. Million
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
ASSETS 598,370 821,873 985,407 1,141,717 1,284,448 1,246,012(b)

1,464,295 1,426,259 1,529,210 1,604,834
International Reserves 325,439 685,659 862,534 838,607 965,910 1,058,355 1,129,975 1,126,674 1,049,800 1,328,413
Cash and Bank Balances Abroad
(including Treasury bills) 158,193(b) 232,705 243,672 360,508 327,749 541,148 603,773 666,961 548,126 601,551
Foreign Government and
Non-Government Securities 94,721 376,411 547,591 404,983 554,219 431,703 446,262 376,041 378,427 596,218
Special Drawing Rights 221 2,286 273 502 491 2,032 1,200 970 303 677
IMF Related Assets 72,179 74,223 70,926 72,588 80,861 83,369 78,616 82,666 116,705 126,161
Receivable 125 33 72 26 2,590 104 124 36 6,238 3,807
Loans and Advances 77,885 75,017 80,339 97,057 113,136 110,542 145,387 152,018 83,791 200,025
To Government 76,308 73,881 77,879 94,743 111,292 109,167 143,898 151,132 83,307 199,801
To Others 1,577 1,137 2,460 2,314 1,844 1,375 1,489 886 484 224

Government and Government
Guaranteed Securities 142,274 37,451 2,098 169,797 168,237 5,252 6,078 79,217 330,043 25,576
Other Assets and Accounts 52,772(b) 23,746 40,436 36,257 37,165 71,863(b) 182,855 68,349 65,577 50,819
LIABILITIES 598,370 821,873 985,407 1,141,717 1,284,448 1,246,012(b)

1,464,295 1,426,259 1,529,210 1,604,834
Capital 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 35,000 35,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000

Currency Issued 186,099 217,430 255,652 293,233 318,060 339,771 416,895 491,700 552,778 598,054
Notes in Circulation 181,307 212,173 249,977 287,080 311,152 332,382 408,773 481,969 541,460 585,328
Coins in Circulation 4,792 5,257 5,675 6,153 6,908 7,389 8,122 9,731 11,318 12,726

Deposits 260,859 361,918 465,017 646,615 736,446 678,469 603,314 732,662 794,927 824,353
Government 1,231 2,326 3,083 1,797 686 411 305 423 333 297
Govt. Agencies and Institutions 15 22 6 2 14 5 7 5 118 27
International Organisations,
Foreign Governments &
Foreign Banking Institutions 177,295 273,481 357,069 498,543 569,454 529,238 441,987 550,504 491,221 482,312
Other 7 3 6 4 4 5 5 3 4 4
Securities Outstanding – 78,023 95,055 – – – – – – –
Borrowings Abroad – – – – – – – – – –
Other Liabilities and Accounts 126,413 139,502 144,682 176,869 194,941 192,772 394,086 151,897 131,505 132,426

(b) Revised
116
Table 11.2
Selected Financial Highlights of Licensed Commercial Banks 2013 – 2017(a)
Rs. Million
Item 2013 2014 2015 2016(a) 2017(b)
Profit and Loss Account

Total income 676,936 659,850 688,809 860,358 1,094,182
Interest Income 591,156 561,809 591,331 757,486 971,871
Non-interest Income 85,780 98,041 97,478 102,872 122,311
Total expenses 536,716 500,645 503,727 650,415 835,063
Interest expenses 394,747 340,461 325,235 453,185 630,247
Non-interest expenses 141,969 160,184 178,492 197,230 204,816
Net Interest Income 196,409 221,348 266,096 304,301 341,624
Profits Before Taxations and Provisions 140,220 159,205 185,082 209,943 259,119
Total Provisions 18,433 10,690 19,058 10,726 19,623
Operating Profits/Losses on Ordinary Activities Before Taxes 121,787 148,515 166,023 199,217 239,496
Profits After Tax 74,595 88,005 97,124 116,495 138,918
Balance Sheet Items
Total Assets 5,941,473 6,971,832 8,077,474 9,046,583 10,292,397
Cash and Due from Banks 590,606 936,801 807,917 988,082 1,022,595
Cash and Short-term Funds 290,408 557,270 330,197 364,823 354,507
Balances with Central Bank 150,765 164,327 190,765 296,282 339,248
Placement with Banks, Financial Institutes
and Own Head Office 149,433 215,205 286,954 326,978 328,840
Investments 1,719,197 1,953,237 2,367,810 2,291,323 2,576,672
Treasury Bills 529,780 447,597 443,834 293,329 506,270
Treasury Bonds 721,080 994,636 1,144,029 1,285,286 1,291,860
Other Government Securities 364,344 394,158 633,767 572,977 639,671
Investment in Associates and Subsidiaries 24,246 25,689 20,213 20,790 22,288
Other Investments 800,826 1,085,793 1,269,995 1,404,226 1,408,443
Loans and Advances (Net of IIS and Provisions) 3,349,325 3,810,652 4,620,046 5,438,604 6,318,684
Gross Loans and Advances 3,566,188 4,022,838 4,839,334 5,686,828 6,592,546
Interest in Suspense (IIS) 139,630 128,293 124,044 146,076 161,626
Gross Loans and Advances (Net of IIS) 3,426,558 3,894,545 4,715,290 5,540,751 6,430,920
Loan Loss Provisions – Total 77,233 83,893 95,245 102,148 112,236
Specific Provisions 62,080 65,683 71,619 74,150 79,726
General Provisions 15,152 18,210 23,626 27,998 32,510
Net Loans (Net of IIS and Provisions) 3,349,325 3,810,652 4,620,046 5,438,604 6,318,684
Fixed Assets 67,530 78,306 90,050 98,052 110,694
Other Assets 214,814 192,835 191,652 230,522 263,753
Total Liabilities (Including Equity) 5,941,473 6,971,832 8,077,474 9,046,583 10,292,397
Deposits 4,169,520 4,686,306 5,403,131 6,295,559 7,399,006
Rupee Deposits 3,489,550 3,914,396 4,471,076 5,254,085 6,230,629
Foreign Currency Deposits 679,970 771,910 932,055 1,041,474 1,168,377
Borrowings 1,015,391 1,448,209 1,758,389 1,696,414 1,607,062
LKR Borrowings 359,562 582,730 679,969 665,760 599,826
Foreign Currency Borrowings 655,829 865,479 1,078,421 1,030,654 1,007,236
Other Liabilities 266,951 268,807 279,227 347,326 419,625
Equity Capital and Reserves 489,611 568,511 636,727 707,285 866,704
Share Capital/Assigned Capital/Paid-up Capital 138,692 163,657 165,692 185,402 246,915
Statutory Reserve Fund 22,963 26,153 29,628 34,502 42,255
Total Other Reserves 327,956 378,701 441,407 487,381 577,535
Off Balance Sheet Exposures 3,064,778 3,228,916 3,455,573 7,258,154 3,997,673
Contingencies 2,244,189 2,171,108 2,271,576 5,973,241 2,633,406
Commitments 730,206 937,514 1,092,437 1,185,251 1,240,530
Contra Accounts 90,383 120,293 91,560 99,661 123,736
Liquidity
Total Liquid Assets (DBU Operations Only) 1,704 1,913 1,946 2,139 2,578
Statutory Liquidity Ratio % (DBU Operations Only) 37.7 39.5 33.9 29.9 31.3
Capital Adequacy
Common Equity Tier I (CETI) Capital n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 706,234
Total Tier 1 Capital 438,271 513,527 559,966 636,755 706,228
Total Capital Base 517,844 600,993 661,315 790,189 870,557
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) Capital Ratio, % n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 12.4
Total Tier 1 Capital Ratio, % 14.9 14.7 13.0 12.6 12.4
Total Capital Ratio, % 17.6 17.2 15.4 15.6 15.2
Assets Quality
Gross NPL Ratio (Net of IIS), % 5.6 4.2 3.2 2.6 2.5
Net NPL Ratio (Net of IIS and Provisions), % 3.4 2.1 1.2 0.7 0.8
Specific Provision Coverage Ratio, % 32.5 39.7 46.9 52.1 49.6
Total Provisions Coverage Ratio, % 40.4 50.7 62.3 71.8 69.9
Earnings
Return on Assets (Before Tax), % 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0
Return on Assets (After Tax), % 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4
Return on Equity (After Tax), % 16.0 16.6 16.2 17.3 17.6
Interest Margin, % 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5
(a) Revised (b) Provisional n.a. – Not available Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
117
Table 11.3
Assets and Liabilities of Commercial Banks 2008 – 2017
Rs. Million
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
ASSETS
Cash in Hand 31,076 35,590 39,104 50,362 66,522 75,164 87,469 103,643 123,276 158,658
Due from Central Bank 84,432 88,047 107,705 149,711 169,466 151,200 164,428 199,646 308,671 341,828
Due from Domestic Banks 21,649 18,800 11,474 51,390 49,840 25,568 43,810 80,582 74,813 78,804
Cash Items in Process of Collection 12,799 27,893 6,066 21,866 35,890 25,762 14,831 17,591 20,289 24,048
Foreign Currency on Hand and

Balances due from Banks Abroad 197,624 236,081 191,240 159,567 155,013 108,503 196,950 359,740 432,933 525,901
Investments 249,665 476,507 538,474 517,045 648,725 980,866 1,063,638 1,189,962 1,282,031 1,567,654
Treasury bills 75,642 144,393 205,405 175,644 200,718 398,394 262,049 325,001 227,517 428,452
Government Securities 144,093 221,798 198,195 283,750 389,824 514,241 718,972 741,493 937,305 1,022,461
Other 29,930 110,316 134,874 57,651 58,183 68,231 82,616 123,468 117,209 116,741
Loans and Advances 1,146,442 1,137,416 1,454,619 1,905,732 2,305,613 2,547,661 2,776,488 3,477,653 4,205,719 4,890,777
Bills Purchased and Discounted 36,081 30,376 29,574 31,021 34,655 45,008 42,580 19,029 20,063 24,711
Overdrafts 286,702 246,205 338,357 373,762 495,973 489,383 531,878 605,893 707,018 864,011
Loans 823,659 860,834 1,086,687 1,500,949 1,774,985 2,013,271 2,202,030 2,852,731 3,478,638 4,002,056
Fixed and Other Assets 204,254 210,022 218,055 302,005 326,301 413,542 508,326 269,706 234,850 237,169
Total 1,947,940 2,230,356 2,566,737 3,157,677 3,757,370 4,328,266 4,855,940 5,698,522 6,682,581 7,824,839

LIABILITIES
Paid-up Capital, Reserve Funds and

Undistributed Profits 183,183 191,017 237,814 313,334 375,920 444,945 528,661 608,898 716,963 850,931
Demand Deposits 153,687 184,283 235,981 243,451 243,735 272,753 339,458 389,293 405,152 425,822
Inter Banks 3,068 5,124 6,920 9,856 14,865 22,321 11,629 9,540 8,923 16,193
Govt. of Sri Lanka 23,297 20,396 34,607 33,691 25,398 24,754 34,441 44,182 41,661 46,843
Residents 122,285 154,849 190,637 195,835 198,496 219,966 282,722 326,926 347,005 353,876
Non Residents 5,037 3,914 3,817 4,069 4,976 5,713 10,667 8,645 7,563 8,910
Time and Savings Deposits 1,256,881 1,488,603 1,718,996 2,117,734 2,554,485 2,980,394 3,301,517 3,901,124 4,672,937 5,566,871
Govt. of Sri Lanka 4,087 7,063 14,851 30,840 54,401 26,422 30,513 29,150 16,419 27,973
Residents 1,004,871 1,200,045 1,405,808 1,753,896 2,143,136 2,574,215 2,848,402 3,342,224 4,046,935 4,872,014
Non Residents 247,923 281,495 298,337 332,998 356,948 379,757 422,601 529,750 609,584 666,884
Borrowings 124,942 103,329 112,825 167,017 217,952 239,441 283,758 377,930 418,504 417,328
Domestic Inter Banks 107,054 88,998 99,473 147,275 142,492 127,460 145,315 182,212 206,131 254,942
Foreign 17,889 14,331 13,351 19,742 75,460 111,981 138,443 195,717 212,374 162,385
Other Liabilities 229,247 263,124 261,121 316,141 365,278 390,732 402,545 421,277 469,025 563,888
Total 1,947,940 2,230,356 2,566,737 3,157,677 3,757,370 4,328,266 4,855,940 5,698,522 6,682,581 7,824,839

Note : Data refer to operations of domestic banking units only.
118
Table 11.4
Mobilization of Deposits by Type of Deposit 2013 – 2017
Rupees Million Percentage Share

Item
2013 2014 2015 2016(a) 2017(a) 2013 2014 2015 2016(a) 2017(a)
Demand Deposits
Licensed Commercial Banks 296,548 380,970 446,448 479,202 496,010 6.63 7.55 7.67 7.07 6.18

Savings Deposits
1,162,817 1,519,193 1,794,032 1,926,016 2,114,111 25.99 30.09 30.80 28.43 26.34
Licensed Commercial Banks 974,164 1,282,186 1,518,521 1,627,851 1,779,045 21.78 25.40 26.07 24.02 22.16
Licensed Specialised Banks 143,608 179,425 211,073 230,256 253,293 3.21 3.55 3.62 3.40 3.16
Licensed Finance Companies 8,563 16,984 22,568 22,184 30,014 0.19 0.34 0.39 0.33 0.37
Thrift & Credit
Co-operative Societies 2,665 2,839 1,203 3,225 5,820 0.06 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.07
Co-operative Rural Banks 33,816 37,759 40,666 42,500 45,939 0.76 0.75 0.70 0.63 0.57
Time Deposits
3,014,316 3,148,426 3,583,894 4,370,522 5,416,291 67.38 62.36 61.53 64.50 67.48
Licensed Commercial Banks 2,170,548 2,180,149 2,531,020 3,200,730 3,985,888 48.52 43.18 43.46 47.24 49.66
Licensed Specialised Banks 467,244 523,884 548,497 611,719 718,422 10.44 10.38 9.42 9.03 8.95
Licensed Finance Companies 328,062 396,468 457,486 507,688 655,670 7.33 7.85 7.85 7.49 8.17
Thrift & Credit
Co-operative Societies 2,923 1,044 401 1,075 n.a. 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.02 –
Co-operative Rural Banks 45,539 46,881 46,490 49,310 56,311 1.02 0.93 0.80 0.73 0.70
Total(b) 4,473,681 5,048,589 5,824,374 6,775,740 8,026,412 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
(a) Provisional Sources : Co-operative Development Department

(b) Demand, Savings & Time Deposits of all institutions. Sanasa Federation
n.a. – Not available Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Table 11.5
Deposits of Commercial Banks by Ownership 2013 – 2017
Rs. Million
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Item Time & Time & Time & Time & Time &
Demand Demand Demand Demand Demand
Savings Savings Savings Savings Savings
Deposits Deposits Deposits Deposits Deposits
Deposits Deposits Deposits Deposits Deposits
Government 24,754 26,422 34,441 30,513 44,182 29,150 41,661 16,419 46,843 27,973
Financial Institutions(a) 14,112 81,296 18,189 78,243 21,197 72,337 21,381 70,830 22,563 166,064
Plantation 2,846 5,987 3,396 6,156 3,670 7,839 3,553 7,370 8,440 11,706
Trading 20,640 42,563 25,012 48,169 29,205 46,823 28,228 55,198 32,501 67,124
Manufacturing 15,125 28,504 19,299 35,739 15,779 45,846 18,368 61,211 16,297 69,224
Other Business Institutions 79,327 304,077 95,115 289,477 98,808 318,190 102,345 435,570 115,186 541,053
Non-Business Institutions 26,205 128,343 29,229 120,708 31,094 124,977 31,348 161,684 29,847 149,023
Individuals 76,818 1,968,451 92,725 2,240,810 110,696 2,618,366 115,793 3,111,058 122,145 3,642,324
Local Government and
Provincial Councils 12,413 17,373 14,633 17,404 16,344 15,207 20,553 16,247 18,035 11,174
Certificates of Deposits(b) – – – – – – – – – –
Foreign Currency Deposits 19,394 480,572 29,871 521,453 33,778 652,247 40,726 735,307 40,369 816,303
Total 291,634 3,083,588 361,910 3,388,672 404,753 3,930,982 423,956 4,670,895 452,224 5,501,968
(a) Includes Interbank Deposits. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka

(b) From 2011 onwards Certificates of Deposits are reported under other categories based on their ownership.
119
Table 11.6
(a)(b)
Commercial Banks’ Loans and Advances to the Private Sector
Rs. Million
Item Dec. 2013 Dec. 2014 Dec. 2015(c) Dec. 2016(c) Dec. 2017(d)
1. Agriculture and Fishing 304,922 287,292 308,950 361,463 412,371

of which,
Tea 54,303 68,543 72,707 82,435 91,048
Rubber 18,906 20,754 18,459 23,803 24,432
Coconut 7,010 7,821 12,234 16,261 20,444
Paddy 14,783 16,852 19,004 28,947 32,594
Vegetable and Fruit Cultivation, and Minor Food Crops 14,720 16,441 20,022 25,093 29,336
Livestock and Dairy Farming 8,246 11,221 14,432 15,387 21,502
Fisheries 10,374 11,707 11,022 14,045 17,504

2. Industry 899,620 1,118,034 1,397,487 1,707,466 2,041,423
of which,
Construction 384,160 469,764 639,240 811,249 993,450

of which,
Personal Housing including
Purchasing / Construction / Repairs 174,633 224,829 306,252 389,440 472,969
Staff Housing 50,253 55,983 64,563 69,077 72,981
Food and Beverages 60,572 71,072 85,372 95,334 105,135
Textiles and Apparel 105,960 148,528 129,884 159,358 174,671
Wood and Wood Products including Furniture 7,156 8,153 14,474 14,911 17,980
Paper and Paper Products 8,377 7,573 11,260 13,336 17,418
Chemical, Petroleum, Pharmaceutical and
Healthcare and Rubber and Plastic Products 37,038 51,094 76,174 76,706 90,476
Non-Metallic Mineral Products 8,299 10,786 14,994 16,645 24,092
Basic Metal Products 12,140 12,704 19,040 23,610 30,991
Fabricated Metal Products, Machinery and
Transport Equipment 85,988 101,003 124,892 148,762 170,257
Manufactured Products (not specified elsewhere) 8,363 10,898 14,513 19,366 21,660

3. Services 616,628 709,311 950,916 1,287,626 1,393,900
of which,
Wholesale and Retail Trade 233,835 230,826 273,033 387,271 435,796

Tourism 62,986 76,757 102,908 138,726 171,975
Financial and Business Services 117,705 147,513 217,593 308,134 306,533
Transport 28,373 31,376 53,983 64,603 71,755
Communication and Information Technology 24,243 40,567 50,049 61,881 60,455
Printing and Publishing 11,162 12,982 15,742 18,512 22,545
Education 5,355 5,380 7,134 9,378 10,752
Health 10,229 15,386 25,194 30,454 34,731
Shipping, Aviation and Freight Forwarding 14,238 13,926 13,248 28,097 19,190

4. Personal Loans and Advances(e) 713,816 651,608 771,128 888,561 1,053,177
of which,
Consumer Durables 74,920 92,015 143,517 198,146 210,206

Pawning 292,873 172,699 133,418 132,408 148,411
Credit Cards 52,789 57,520 64,641 75,947 91,451
Personal Education 1,033 1,760 2,223 2,322 2,920
Personal Healthcare 1,236 2,062 3,300 3,516 3,979
Other 259,573 293,542 378,535 443,063 556,633

5. Total 2,534,986 2,766,246 3,428,481 4,245,116 4,900,870
(a) Based on the Quarterly Survey of Commercial Bank’s Loans and Advances to the Private Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka.
Sector, which includes loans and advances of both DBUs and OBUs of commercial banks.
(b) Includes loans, overdrafts, bills discounted and purchased, and excludes cash items in the
process of collection.
(c) Revised
(d) Provisional
(e) Excludes personal housing loans, which have been included under ‘Construction’ classified
under ‘industry‘ and includes Safety Net Scheme related loans.
120
Table 11.7
Number of Bank Branches by Province 2016 and 2017
Numbers

End 2016

Domestic Banks
Amana Bank Ltd. 8 3 1 0 9 3 1 1 2 28
Bank of Ceylon 163 74 69 71 62 61 48 41 51 640
Cargills Bank Ltd. 4 4 2 3 0 1 0 1 0 15
Commercial Bank of Ceylon PLC 128 22 28 17 10 20 8 9 14 256
DFCC Bank PLC(a) 40 15 22 6 10 9 9 9 14 134
Hatton National Bank PLC 93 24 25 22 25 18 10 12 11 240
National Development Bank PLC 47 8 9 7 6 11 5 4 7 104
Nations Trust Bank PLC 50 8 13 3 4 7 2 3 4 94
Pan Asia Banking Corporation PLC 38 11 6 5 5 5 3 3 6 82
People’s Bank 215 96 86 47 64 74 46 49 58 735
Sampath Bank PLC 100 22 24 13 17 21 9 9 14 229
Seylan Bank PLC 72 15 13 10 12 15 12 7 10 166
Union Bank of Colombo PLC 27 5 7 5 2 7 5 2 5 65
Foreign Banks 40 4 4 3 2 0 0 0 0 53
Total
1,025 311 309 212 228 252 158 150 196 2,841

Licensed Specialised Banks
Housing Development Finance
Corporation Bank of Sri Lanka 13 4 5 2 3 4 2 2 3 38
Lankaputhra Development Bank Ltd. 1 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 8
National Savings Bank 78 27 37 21 17 26 15 12 22 255
Pradeshiya Sanwardana Bank 34 33 54 7 20 32 25 26 34 265
Sanasa Development Bank 18 8 12 5 14 9 10 4 8 88
Sri Lanka Savings Bank 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 4
State Mortgage and Investment Bank 7 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 25
Total
152 76 113 38 58 74 56 46 70 683
All Banks
1,177 387 422 250 286 326 214 196 266 3,524
End 2017(b)

Domestic Banks
Amana Bank Ltd. 8 3 1 0 9 3 1 1 2 28
Bank of Ceylon 161 74 69 71 62 61 48 41 51 638
Cargills Bank Ltd. 5 3 2 3 0 1 1 1 1 17
Commercial Bank of Ceylon PLC 131 22 28 18 10 20 8 9 16 262
DFCC Bank PLC(a) 40 15 26 6 10 11 9 9 15 141
People’s Bank 215 95 86 48 64 74 46 49 58 735
Sampath Bank PLC 101 22 24 13 17 21 9 9 14 230
Seylan Bank PLC 72 15 13 10 12 15 12 7 10 166
Union Bank of Colombo PLC 27 6 7 5 2 7 5 3 5 67
Foreign Banks 39 4 4 3 2 0 0 0 0 52
Total
1,030 310 315 213 228 255 159 151 200 2,861

Licensed Specialised Banks
Lankaputhra Development Bank Ltd. 1 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 8
Pradeshiya Sanwardana Bank 34 33 54 7 20 32 25 26 34 265
Sanasa Development Bank 18 8 13 6 14 9 10 5 8 91
Total 154 78 115 39 58 74 56 47 70 691

All Banks
1,184 388 430 252 286 329 215 198 270 3,552
Note : All Banking outlets except Students Savings Units. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka.
(a) DFCC Bank and DFCC Vardhana Bank were amalgamated on 01.10.2015 to establish DFCC Bank PLC.
(b) Provisional
121
Table 11.8
(a)
Bank Branches and Banking Density by District – 2017
State Mortgage and Investment Bank

Lankaputhra Development Bank Ltd
Pan Asia Banking Corporation PLC
Pradeshiya Sanwardana Bank Ltd.

National Development Bank PLC
Commercial Bank of Ceylon PLC
Sanasa Development Bank Ltd.

Corporation Bank of Sri Lanka
Union Bank of Colombo Ltd.
Hatton National Bank PLC
Nations Trust Bank PLC
National Savings Bank
Sri Lanka Saving Bank

Sampath Bank Ltd.
DFCC Bank PLC(b)
Banking Density Index(d)

Amana Bank Ltd.
Cargills Bank Ltd.
Seylan Bank PLC
Foreign Banks(c)
Population per Branch

Bank of Ceylon
Total No. of Branches

People’s Bank
District
Population, ’000
Domestic Commercial Banks Licensed Specialised Banks
Ampara 5 25 0 4 6 11 2 3 2 28 7 6 0 1 1 0 8 10 8 0 1 128 705 5,508 18

Anuradhapura 0 34 0 6 4 7 1 3 2 31 6 7 5 0 1 0 12 14 8 1 1 143 918 6,420 16
Badulla 1 24 0 6 5 6 2 3 2 35 5 4 2 0 1 0 6 16 2 0 1 121 864 7,140 14
Batticoloa 3 21 0 5 3 6 1 2 2 19 6 4 1 1 1 1 7 7 3 0 1 94 560 5,957 17
Colombo 7 93 4 77 23 54 36 31 28 121 63 41 17 37 6 1 43 4 9 1 3 699 2,419 3,461 29
Galle 1 27 1 12 9 9 5 4 3 36 10 5 3 4 2 0 14 19 6 0 1 171 1,113 6,509 15
Gampaha 1 46 1 41 9 30 9 14 7 59 28 21 7 2 5 0 25 12 5 0 2 324 2,391 7,380 14
Hambantota 0 19 0 6 6 8 4 3 2 21 6 4 2 0 2 1 11 15 4 0 1 115 647 5,626 18
Jaffna 0 38 2 12 4 12 2 6 3 29 8 6 3 3 1 0 15 2 2 0 1 149 608 4,081 25
Kalutara 0 22 0 13 8 9 5 5 3 35 10 10 3 0 2 0 12 18 4 0 2 161 1,271 7,894 13
Kandy 3 42 2 15 8 14 6 5 7 51 15 9 5 4 2 1 17 18 4 0 1 229 1,452 6,341 16
Kegalle 1 24 0 6 5 4 1 2 3 28 6 6 2 0 1 1 10 16 6 0 1 123 877 7,130 14
Kilinochchi 0 7 0 2 1 2 0 0 1 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 22 124 5,636 18
Kurunegala 2 37 1 12 6 9 5 6 2 51 13 8 4 0 3 0 18 21 6 0 1 205 1,694 8,263 12
Mannar 0 8 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 5 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 2 1 0 25 107 4,280 23
Matale 0 14 0 3 5 3 1 2 3 19 3 2 1 0 2 0 4 7 2 0 1 72 514 7,139 14
Matara 0 23 1 10 11 8 4 2 3 29 8 4 2 0 1 0 13 20 3 1 1 144 851 5,910 17
Moneragala 0 17 1 3 4 6 1 1 1 14 4 3 1 0 1 0 6 10 3 0 1 77 485 6,299 16
Mullaitivu 0 9 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 7 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 24 96 4,000 25
Nuwara Eliya 0 18 1 4 2 7 1 1 1 25 4 4 0 0 1 0 7 8 2 0 1 87 756 8,690 12
Polonnaruwa 1 14 1 2 5 3 1 2 1 15 3 5 0 0 1 1 3 11 2 0 1 72 431 5,986 17
Puttalam 1 24 0 8 5 9 2 5 4 23 8 7 3 0 1 1 8 11 3 0 1 124 814 6,565 15
Ratnapura 1 27 1 10 10 7 3 5 3 30 8 4 3 0 2 0 12 18 2 0 1 147 1,151 7,830 13
Trincomalee 1 16 0 1 1 8 1 1 1 17 4 2 1 0 1 1 2 3 3 0 0 64 412 6,438 16
Vavuniya 0 9 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 0 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 32 184 5,750 17
Total 28 638 17 262 141 239 94 107 85 735 230 166 67 52 39 8 259 265 91 4 25 3,552 21,444 6,037 17
Note : All Banking outlets except Students Savings Units. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(a) Provisional
(b) DFCC Bank and DFCC Vardhana Bank were amulgamated on 01.10.2015 to establish DFCC Bank PLC.
(c) Foreign Banks – Axis Bank Ltd., Citi Bank N.A., Deutsche Bank AG, Habib Bank Ltd, ICICI Bank Ltd., Indian Bank,
Indian Overseas Bank, MCB Ltd., Public Bank Berhard, Standard Chartered Bank Ltd., State Bank of India and
Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd.
(d) No. of Bank Branches per 100,000 persons.
122
Table 11.9
Bank Branch Network 2008 – 2017
Name of Bank 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015(a) 2016 2017(b)
Licensed Commercial Banks* 1,816 1,948 2,114 2,381 2,530 2,651 2,724 2,781 2,841 2,861
Domestic Banks 1,779 1,911 2,075 2,338 2,485 2,604 2,673 2,728 2,788 2,809
Amana Bank Ltd 0 0 0 14 14 24 24 24 28 28
Bank of Ceylon(c) 450 495 523 565 608 628 632 637 640 638
Cargills Bank Ltd 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 11 15 17
Commercial Bank of Ceylon PLC(c) 166 168 182 210 226 234 238 246 256 262
DFCC Bank PLC 36 55 90 93 101 115 120 123 134 141
People’s Bank 623 647 656 702 723 730 736 735 735 735
Sampath Bank PLC 112 130 168 203 206 209 217 222 229 230
Seylan Bank PLC 108 111 117 128 142 150 156 158 166 166
Union Bank of Colombo Ltd 14 17 21 30 36 51 61 64 65 67
Foreign Banks 37 37 39 43 45 47 51 53 53 52
Licensed Specialised Banks* 461 505 568 608 630 656 654 671 683 691
Lankaputhra Development Bank 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8
Pradeshiya Sanwardhana Bank 225 235 245 252 261 265 265 265 265 265
Sanasa Development Bank Ltd 45 53 73 79 81 82 82 87 88 91
Others(d) 13 13 13 13 13 13 0 0 0 0
Total Bank Branches 2,277 2,453 2,682 2,989 3,160 3,307 3,378 3,452 3,524 3,552
District Co-operative Rural Banks 1,763 1,805 1,935 2,019 1,949 2,080 2,185 2,210 2,227 2,258
Total Branches (including Rural Banks) 4,040 4,258 4,617 5,008 5,109 5,387 5,563 5,662 5,751 5,810
Population (’000) 20,246 20,476 20,675 20,869 20,424 20,579 20,771 20,966 21,203 21,444
Population per Bank Branch 8,892 8,347 7,709 6,982 6,463 6,223 6,149 6,074 6,017 6,037
No. of Branches per 100,000 persons (Density)

Total Bank Branches 11.2 12.0 13.0 14.3 15.5 16.1 16.3 16.5 16.6 16.6
Commercial Bank Branches 9.0 9.5 10.2 11.4 12.4 12.9 13.1 13.3 13.4 13.3
All Branches (including Rural Banks) 20.0 20.8 22.3 24.0 25.0 26.2 26.8 27.0 27.1 27.1
* All Banking outlets except Students Savings Units. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(a) Revised
(b) Provisional
(c) Overseas bank branches are also includes.
(d) Banks which are not in operation now.
Banking Density (LCBs and LSBs) by Province as at end 2017

123
Table 11.10
Non-Bank Financial Institutions 2010 – 2017(a)
Rs. Million
Item 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016(b) 2017(c)
ASSETS 370,806 474,229 573,435 684,585 814,553 996,127 1,211,891 1,354,991
Cash and Bank Balances 12,414 20,351 25,887 40,907 44,091 43,844 76,129 107,746
Cash in Hand 1,493 1,517 2,100 2,540 3,097 3,391 4,463 6,702
Demand Deposits with Com. Banks 5,938 8,042 9,850 12,168 12,637 12,977 18,869 29,671
Time & Savings Deposits with Com. Banks 4,685 10,563 12,898 24,304 26,149 24,726 51,175 67,187
Time & Savings Deposits with
Licensed Finance Companies 0 6 500 340 439 403 695 1,054
Deposits with Other Institutions 298 222 539 1,555 1,769 2,347 928 3,131
Investments 51,592 30,724 40,000 51,776 109,717 99,634 111,708 118,068
Investments in Govt. of Sri Lanka Securities
20,237 12,525 18,949 30,623 62,325 58,122 73,205 65,552
Treasury Bills 13,976 12,230 17,465 26,327 48,690 49,040 62,679 58,603
Treasury Bonds 6,261 295 1,483 4,296 13,636 9,082 10,526 6,949
Shares Held for Trading Investments 4,072 4,181 4,344 4,607 6,990 6,269 6,221 4,566
Debentures 1,024 1,055 597 1,684 909 2,418 1,238 2,544
Shares in Other Companies 2,080 2,339 2,136 1,472 1,699 2,616 1,561 1,821
Shares in Subsidiary & Associate Companies 16,668 5,494 6,243 5,584 26,821 27,408 26,676 26,955
Investment Properties 4,899 5,262 6,659 7,541 8,668 9,990 11,218 14,654
Other Investments 2,929 255 1,526 1,522 3,382 5,302 1,543 12,461
Provision for decline in value of
investment securities -316 -386 -455 -1,258 -1,079 -12,492 -9,954 -10,487
Loans & Advances (Net) 248,726 373,104 448,941 521,320 603,748 795,844 962,672 1,057,097
Leasing 87,503 166,052 214,866 249,117 275,593 419,296 490,412 554,274
Hire Purchase 96,036 118,400 122,985 122,176 120,613 73,364 42,241 27,183
Loans 53,545 72,664 91,267 144,443 210,704 307,816 431,332 475,989
Real Estate 7,435 6,000 5,909 5,211 4,308 3,619 2,194 2,479
Pawning Advances 15,231 20,568 31,374 26,279 22,577 23,934 27,225 35,099
Dues from Related Party 5,707 4,733 5,296 5,860 7,554 9,643 12,901 13,666
Loan Loss Provisions and
Suspended Interest -16,730 -15,312 -22,757 -31,765 -37,601 -41,828 -43,634 -51,594
Trading Stocks 19,104 15,716 14,292 15,065 14,572 12,936 7,662 7,756
Real Estate 15,630 11,330 9,926 8,065 7,006 5,737 2,955 2,985
Repossessed Items 1,560 1,453 2,239 4,768 6,173 4,821 4,126 4,473
Other 1,914 2,933 2,128 2,232 1,392 2,378 582 298
Fixed Assets 19,989 16,479 19,921 21,888 25,840 28,305 33,326 38,446
Other Assets 18,982 17,855 24,394 33,628 16,585 15,565 20,394 25,878
LIABILITIES 370,806 474,229 573,435 684,585 814,553 996,127 1,211,891 1,354,991
Capital Account 48,048 76,853 93,614 96,584 116,870 123,139 146,107 169,674
Paid-up Capital 22,280 51,592 58,829 58,894 65,899 63,026 64,297 66,554
Retained Earnings and Reserves 25,768 25,262 34,785 37,690 50,971 60,113 81,810 103,120
Deposits 146,120 186,016 254,117 337,297 414,116 480,636 530,740 686,720
Fixed Deposits 140,196 179,268 248,516 328,062 396,468 457,486 507,688 655,670
Savings Deposits 5,074 5,938 4,855 8,563 16,984 22,568 22,184 30,014
Certificate of Deposits 850 810 747 672 664 581 869 1036
Borrowings from 138,992 171,682 177,284 193,111 217,385 314,295 438,662 396,030
Financial Institutions 91,412 103,100 96,383 94,938 110,835 176,595 276,588 235,890
Others 47,580 68,582 80,900 98,173 106,550 137,700 162,074 160,140
Other Liabilities 37,647 39,678 48,420 57,593 66,181 78,058 96,382 102,567
No. of Institutions 58 55 60 58 56 53 53 51
(a) Non-Bank Financial Institutions sector represent Licensed Finance Companies and Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Specialised Leasing Companies.
(b) Revised.
(c) Provisional.
124
Table 11.11
Unit Trusts 2014 – 2017
Item 2014 2015 2016(a) 2017(b)
Total Assets (Rs. bn) 126.5 130.3 104.0 128.8

Net Asset Value-NAV (Rs. bn) 126.0 129.4 103.1 127.6
Investments in Equities (Rs. bn) 13.6 14.4 13.9 13.0

Share of Total Net Assets (%) 10.8 11.1 13.5 10.2
Investments in Government Securities (Rs. bn) 56.1 29.4 49.6 22.5

Share of Total Assets (%) 44.4 22.6 48.1 17.7
No. of Unit Trusts 67 74 78 79

Types of Funds:
Number of Balanced Funds 8 11 11 11
Number of Growth Funds 8 8 8 8
Number of Index/Sector Funds 4 4 4 4
Number of Income Funds 15 16 17 17
Number of Gilt Edged Funds 13 15 16 16
Number of Money Market Funds 12 13 15 16
Number of IPO Funds 2 2 2 2
Number of Shariah Funds 4 4 4 4
Number of Dollar Bond Funds 1 1 1 1
No. of Units in Issue (mn) 9,772 8,812 7,141 7,638

NAV per unit 13 15 14 17
Total No. of Unit Holders 32,619 38,140 41,154 41,037
(a) Revised Sources : Unit Trust Association of Sri Lanka

(b) Provisional Securities and Exchange Commission of Sri Lanka
Table 11.12
Summary of Co-operative Rural Banks and Credit Societies 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Co-operative Rural Banks

No. of Banks 1,763 1,805 1,935 2,019 1,949 2,080 2,185 2,210 2,227 2,258
Deposits, Rs. Mn. 33,042 103,877 61,984 71,081 63,627 79,355 84,640 87,157 91,810 102,249
Savings Deposits 24,451 63,989 35,262 41,642 33,524 33,816 37,759 40,666 42,500 45,939
Time Deposits 8,591 39,886 26,723 29,440 30,103 45,539 46,881 46,490 49,310 56,311
Loans Outstanding, Rs. Mn. 9,775 67,424 44,398 30,781 51,371 39,520 37,757 45,130 49,770 55,488
Agriculture & Animal Husbandry 3,277 ⎫ 2,952 1,162 4,759 2,083 2,344 4,475 2,796 2,690
⎬ 4,315
Small Industries 618 ⎭ 2,089 858 1,262 2,858 1,906 2,668 3,098 3,563
Housing, Electrification & Water 3,509 ⎫ 15,703 14,462 24,160 14,013 12,983 21,094 24,810 29,370
⎬ 43,150
Commerce & Other Projects 399 ⎭ 6,059 2,774 17,607 8,298 7,737 5,854 5,440 6,504
Other 1,973 19,959 17,595 11,525 3,582 12,269 12,786 11,038 13,626 13,362

Thrift & Credit Co-operative Societies
No. of Societies 8,440 8,440 8,440 8,424 8,424 8,424 8,424 8,424 8,423 8,423
Deposits, Rs. Mn. 3,565 4,483 4,764 5,311 5,287 5,588 3,883 1,603 4,300 5,820
Loans Granted, Rs. Mn. 3,105 3,093 3,205 3,987 4,175 4,766 4,808 7,060 18,200 15,664
Agriculture & Animal Husbandry 755 955 1,037 1,243 1,461 1,561 1,734 1,959 5,049 3,163
Small Industries 208 265 273 483 434 476 357 1,047 2,699 2,450
Housing, Electrification & Water 1,001 732 695 915 1,360 1,603 1,460 2,554 6,583 7,073
Commerce & Other Projects 503 796 865 673 564 664 734 904 2,331 2,173
Other 638 345 335 672 357 462 523 597 1,538 805
(a) Provisional Sources : Co-operative Development Department

Sanasa Federation
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Table 12.1
Road Network 2000 – 2017
Kilometres
Year Class A Class B Class C Class D Expressways Total
2000 4,222 7,265 7,315 5,425 – 24,227

2001 4,337 7,571 7,536 5,720 – 25,164
2002 4,339 7,670 7,682 5,763 – 25,454
2003 4,339 7,670 8,136 5,765 – 25,910
2004 4,339 7,679 8,136 5,771 – 25,925
2005 4,314 7,706 8,257 6,074 – 26,351
2006 4,219 7,553 9,565(a) 5,412(a) – 26,750
2007 4,219 7,655 9,575(a) 5,418(a) – 26,867
2008 4,219 7,670 9,552(a) 5,546(a) – 26,988
2009 4,216 7,704 11,231 5,855 – 29,006
2010 4,219 7,800 11,316 5,783 – 29,119
2011 4,219 7,800 11,424 6,356 95 29,895
2012 4,219 7,945 11,304 6,287 95 29,850
2013 4,219 7,949 11,669 6,726 121 30,684
2014 4,215 7,993 11,837 7,193 161 31,398
2015 4,215 7,995 12,497 6,385 170 31,262
2016 4,215 7,995 12,497 6,385 170 31,262
2017 4,215 7,995 12,529 6,394 170 31,303
(a) Excluding Northern Province. Sources : Road Development Authority

Provincial Road Development Authorities
Table 12.2
Road Kilometerage by Province and District 2017
Province/ Class Class Class Class Express- Province/ Class Class Class Class Express-
Total Total
District A B C D ways District A B C D ways
Western 374 1,224 1,078 874 98 3,649 Eastern 620 551 848 273 – 2,292
Colombo 166 261 242 162 34 864 Batticaloa 206 61 313 45 – 624
Gampaha 128 622 385 499 35 1,670 Ampara 273 282 319 128 – 1,002
Kalutara 80 341 451 213 29 1,115 Trincomalee 141 209 216 100 – 666

Central 409 1,338 1,665 578 – 3,990 North Western 352 1,003 1,914 831 – 4,101
Kandy 184 563 929 352 – 2,027 Kurunegala 196 638 1,254 488 – 2,576
Matale 105 283 300 177 – 865 Puttalam 156 365 661 344 – 1,525
Nuwara Eliya 120 492 436 49 – 1,097
North Central 492 702 1,211 736 – 3,141
Southern 347 1,154 915 715 71 3,204 Anuradhapura 350 471 741 698 – 2,259
Galle 97 393 387 272 60 1,209 Polonnaruwa 143 230 471 39 – 882
Matara 135 257 288 243 11 935
Hambantota 115 504 240 200 – 1,060 Uva 471 693 1,689 682 – 3,535
Badulla 267 432 1,109 406 – 2,214
Northern 734 525 1,959 161 – 3,379 Moneragala 204 261 580 276 – 1,321
Jaffna (a) (a) – ⎫ 1,608(a)
381 277 544
⎫ 45
⎬ ⎬
Kilinochchi ⎭ 322 39 – ⎭ Sabaragamuwa 416 804 1,247 1,544 – 4,011
Mannar 113 92 309 26 – 540 Kegalle 144 365 559 714 – 1,781
Mullaitivu 113 103 390 17 – 622 Ratnapura 272 440 688 830 – 2,230
Vavuniya 128 54 394 34 – 609

(a) Total of Jaffna and Kilinochchi districts Sources : Road Development Authority
“A” Class – All roads within the network of Trunk Roads connecting the national capital with the provincial capitals and also connecting these
capitals with one another. Also included are other major roads (all roads paved and bitumen surfaced with carriage way between
24ft. to 36ft. and platform width 36ft. to 56ft.).
“B” Class – Main roads connecting other important towns and also providing important links within the trunk route system
(Metalled and bitumen with a small percentage gravelled).
“C” Class – Other roads such as agricultural roads and local roads (Single carriage way of 12ft. width and a platform width of 22ft.
mostly metalled but with a small percentage gravelled).
“D” Class – Gravelled road with 8ft. – 10ft. width surface generally motorable during dry weather only.
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Table 12.3
Road Kilometerage by Province

Road Class Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva
Year 2013
Class A 374 409 347 734 620 353 495 471 416 4,219
Class B 1,219 1,338 1,149 524 551 971 699 693 804 7,949
Class C 998 1,665 915 1,959 722 1,429 1,211 1,522 1,247 11,669
Class D 954 578 715 161 376 1,446 736 215 1,544 6,726
Expressways 79 – 42 – – – – – – 121
Total 3,625 3,990 3,169 3,379 2,269 4,199 3,141 2,901 4,011 30,684
Year 2014
Class A 374 409 347 734 620 352 492 471 416 4,215
Class B 1,222 1,338 1,154 525 551 1,003 702 693 804 7,995
Class C 998 1,666 915 1,959 817 1,914 1,211 1,689 1,247 12,497
Class D 954 578 715 161 263 831 736 682 1,544 6,385
Expressways 89 – 71 – – – – – – 170
Total 3,638 3,991 3,204 3,379 2,251 4,101 3,141 3,535 4,011 31,262
Year 2015
Class A 374 409 347 734 620 352 492 471 416 4,215
Class B 1,224 1,338 1,154 525 551 1,003 702 693 804 7,995
Class C 1,078 1,666 915 1,959 817 1,914 1,211 1,689 1,247 12,497
Class D 874 578 715 161 263 831 736 682 1,544 6,385
Expressways 98 – 71 – – – – – – 170
Total 3,649 3,991 3,204 3,379 2,251 4,101 3,141 3,535 4,011 31,262
Year 2016
Class A 374 409 347 734 620 352 492 471 416 4,215
Class B 1,224 1,338 1,154 525 551 1,003 702 693 804 7,995
Class C 1,078 1,666 915 1,959 817 1,914 1,211 1,689 1,247 12,497
Class D 874 578 715 161 263 831 736 682 1,544 6,385
Expressways 98 – 71 – – – – – – 170
Total 3,649 3,991 3,204 3,379 2,251 4,101 3,141 3,535 4,011 31,262
Year 2017
Class A 374 409 347 734 620 352 492 471 416 4,215
Class B 1,224 1,338 1,154 525 551 1,003 702 693 804 7,995
Class C 1,078 1,666 915 1,959 848 1,914 1,211 1,689 1,247 12,529
Class D 874 578 715 161 273 831 736 682 1,544 6,394
Expressways 98 – 71 – – – – – – 170
Total 3,649 3,991 3,132 3,379 2,292 4,101 3,141 3,535 4,011 31,303
Sources : Road Development Authority

“A” Class – All roads within the network of Trunk Roads connecting the national capital with the provincial capitals and also connecting these
capitals with one another. Also included are other major roads (all roads paved and bitumen surfaced with carriage way between
24ft. to 36ft. and platform width 36ft. to 56ft.).
“B” Class – Main roads connecting other important towns and also providing important links within the trunk route system
(Metalled and bitumen with a small percentage gravelled).
“C” Class – Other roads such as agricultural roads and local roads (Single carriage way of 12ft. width and a platform width of 22ft. mostly
metalled but with a small percentage gravelled).
“D” Class – Gravelled road with 8ft. – 10ft. width surface generally motorable during dry weather only.
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Table 12.4
Motor Vehicles by Province(a)
Number

Vehicle Category Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva
Year 2015
Omnibuses* 8,710 2,164 2,005 1,239 659 2,161 926 939 2,000 20,803
Private Coaches** 16,033 2,522 3,505 560 534 3,385 841 924 2,529 30,833
Dual Purpose Vehicles 147,961 31,114 36,716 7,106 11,929 43,369 21,372 14,992 21,983 336,542
Private Cars 333,614 45,735 46,223 4,488 9,265 43,717 16,290 13,567 27,907 540,806
Land Vehicles 14,937 2,807 14,276 12,757 19,275 15,020 9,682 8,201 3,478 100,433
Goods Transport Vehicles 94,811 21,005 21,844 3,766 6,231 32,867 12,055 10,144 16,896 219,619
Motor Cycles 671,641 117,646 325,046 150,623 194,193 356,233 194,061 91,369 126,308 2,227,120
Threewheelers 307,204 112,924 126,055 16,854 43,984 96,065 56,428 62,912 109,590 932,016
Others 808 8,094 199 1,935 164 519 45 750 605 13,119
Total
1,595,719 344,011 575,869 199,328 286,234 593,336 311,700 203,798 311,296 4,421,291
Year 2016
Omnibuses* 8,562 2,257 1,933 1,010 669 1,883 881 958 1,730 19,883
Private Coaches** 16,454 2,752 3,493 643 604 3,960 951 968 2,495 32,320
Private Cars 346,534 52,036 49,259 5,212 10,833 48,371 18,552 15,327 27,796 573,920
Land Vehicles 15,936 3,535 14,810 14,367 20,820 16,031 11,228 9,099 3,023 108,849
Motor Cycles 732,567 134,928 351,563 168,056 221,113 383,543 211,523 106,352 127,460 2,437,105
Threewheelers 321,866 123,410 132,425 18,283 48,655 102,670 58,977 69,127 103,564 978,977
Others 872 4,179 196 503 57 111 94 784 1,079 7,875
Total
1,688,341 380,734 613,133 219,985 322,916 639,229 338,036 230,082 304,858 4,737,314
Year 2017(b)
Omnibuses* 8,947 1,743 1,980 1,014 654 2,082 828 1,329 1,911 20,488
Private Coaches** 17,727 3,835 3,980 744 686 4,117 1,131 1,175 3,186 36,581
Private Cars 367,165 56,549 53,659 5,632 12,125 53,043 20,762 16,646 34,552 620,133
Land Vehicles 16,241 3,936 14,812 14,175 21,551 15,810 11,337 9,504 3,360 110,726
Motor Cycles 772,660 152,818 367,631 183,024 241,997 409,446 226,577 114,808 155,956 2,624,917
Threewheelers 326,087 130,731 133,894 18,715 50,232 101,710 59,854 69,066 119,632 1,009,921
Others 1,068 91 174 145 66 97 47 2,478 95 4,261
Total
1,763,267 411,923 640,745 237,689 348,632 675,181 357,739 243,017 362,700 5,040,893
(a) Motor Vehicles with valid revenue licenses. Sources : Divisional Secretariats
(b) Provisional. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
* Buses owned by SLTB and private buses with route permits.

** Other private buses and coaches without route permits.
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Table 12.5
New Registration of Motor Vehicles 2008 – 2017
Number
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Passenger Transport 222,173 179,286 316,022 453,891 325,740 283,138 394,554 610,204 444,931 410,430
Buses and Coaches 1,180 739 2491 4,248 3,095 1,805 3,851 4,140 2,685 3,331
Private Cars 20,237 5,762 23,072 57,886 31,546 28,380 38,780 105,628 45,172 39,182
Motor Cycles 155,952 135,421 204,811 253,331 192,284 169,280 272,885 370,889 340,129 344,380
Three Wheelers 44,804 37,364 85,648 138,426 98,815 83,673 79,038 129,547 56,945 23,537

Goods Transport 16,894 9,697 23,557 48,336 49,663 30,475 25,920 46,598 34,450 28,174
Lorries 13,588 8,016 10,803 12,446 10,445 4,525 3,851 5,356 5,271 8,689
Duel Purpose Vehicles 2,856 1,280 11,712 33,518 37,397 24,603 20,799 39,456 26,887 16,742
Others 450 401 1,042 2,372 1,821 1,347 1,270 1,786 2,292 2,743

Land Vehicles 26,132 15,092 19,664 23,194 21,892 13,038 9,082 12,105 13,947 13,049
Tractors 3,339 2,286 4,389 6,649 6,221 3,437 2,003 4,299 5,261 5,309
Hand Tractors 20,724 11,473 12,974 13,424 12,229 7,335 5,067 5,678 5,024 3,512
Others 2,069 1,333 2,301 3,121 3,442 2,266 2,012 2,128 3,662 4,228

Total 265,199 204,075 359,243 525,421 397,295 326,651 429,556 668,907 493,328 451,653
(a) Provisional Source : Department of Motor Traffic
Table 12.6
SLTB / Regional Bus Companies 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016(a) 2017(b)
Operational
Passenger Journeys, Mn. 910 918 669 671 915 892 924 1,019 1,064 1,005
Time Table Requirement (T.T.R.)
(Average), No. 7,112 7,134 7,129 7,131 7,176 7,176 7,226 7,235 7,257 7,257
Buses Operated
(Average Daily), No. 4,246 4,482 4,441 4,365 4,314 4,373 4,596 5,284 5,342 5,274
Operated Kilometres, Mn. 313 332 341 341 338 344 371 440 452 448
Passenger Kilometres(c)(d), Mn. 15,080 11,233 11,815 11,907 11,909 12,201 12,717 15,210 16,101 15,697
Seat Kilometres(e), Mn. 15,569 15,780 16,576 17,012 17,007 17,317 18,258 21,911 22,642 22,485
Average Passenger Journey, km. 16.6 17.1 17.1 17.7 18.7 18.7 18.7 19.8 20.0 20.0
Load Factor(f), % 96.0 96.0 71.3 70.0 70.0 70.5 69.7 69.4 71.1 69.8
Average Capacity of
Vehicles Operated, No. 52 52 49 48 52 52 52 52 52 53
Average Vehicle Utilization(g),

km. Operated 201 199 204 214 214 215 217 228 232 233
Revenue, Rs. Mn. 18,083 21,528 21,560 21,018 26,117 30,189 33,665 35,825 40,928 42,163
of which :
Way Bill Collection 12,973 13,442 14,658 15,176 18,209 19,430 21,956 24,249 26,017 27,172
Sales of Season Tickets 528 536 542 553 654 684 741 741 833 904
(a) Revised (e) Operated Kilometres × Average Capacity. Source : Sri Lanka Transport Board
(b) Provisional (f) Passenger Kilometres
× 100
(c) Total Revenue / Average Fare per Kilometre. Seat Kilometres
(d) Data from 2009 has been revised due to a change in the (g) Per Bus per Day.
data source from National Transport Commission to Sri
Lanka Transport Board.
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TRANSPORTATION
Table 12.7
Sri Lanka Railways 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Rolling Stock, No.
Locomotives(b)
Broad Gauge 187(c) 187 191 68(d) 125(e) 137(e) 247(e) 72(d) 74(d) 74(d)
Dual Gauge (KV-Line) – – – – – – 5 – – –
Passenger Coaches
Broad Gauge 800 800 800 560 560 740 950 565(d) 565(d) 665(d)
Goods Wagons
Broad Gauge 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,090 1,090 800 755 862 850 860

Route, km.
Broad Gauge 1,143 1,150 1,153 1,448 1,448 1,448 1,449 1,449 1,461 1,461
Dual Gauge (KV-Line) – – – – – – – – – –

Main Stations, No.
Broad Gauge 172 172 172 183 183 174 168 174 174 179

Sub Stations, No.
Broad Gauge 161 162 162 160 160 164 194 162 162 161

Passenger Journeys, Mn.
Ordinary Ticket Passengers(f) 53 54 52 49 62 57 67 73 69 67
Season Ticket Passengers 52 48 49 47 44 61 62 68 67 69

Passenger Kilometres(g), Mn.
Ordinary Ticket Passengers 2,932 2,964 2,814 2,912 3,340 4,235 4,693 5,077 5,143 5,141
Season Ticket Passengers(h) 1,749 1,604 1,539 1,663 1,699 2,023 2,149 2,281 2,271 2,354

Revenue from Passenger Traffic, Rs.
Mn.

Ordinary Ticket Passengers 2,024 2,490 2,363 2,445 2,806 3,557 3,942 4,164 4,308 4,261
Season Ticket Passengers 699 777 749 794 793 930 1,009 1,011 1,058 1,075

Coaching Train Kilometre, Mn. km. 9.2 9.5 9.8 10.0 10.6 10.9 11.1 – 11.1 10.7
Goods Hauled, Mn. Tons 1.7 1.6 2.7 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.0
Ton Kilometreage of Goods

Hauled(i), Mn. 121 113 163 154 143 133 130 130 140 145
Receipts from Goods Traffic, Rs. Mn. 364 337 420 430 447 413 387 384 409 429
Goods Train Kilometres, Mn. km. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 – 0.4 0.5
Gross Receipts, Rs. Mn. 3,671 4,020 4,018 4,235 4,852 5,423 5,909 6,335 6,463 6,477
Working Expenditure, Rs. Mn. 8,225 8,788 7,191 8,295 8,648 10,586 16,943 14,049 13,396 14,081
Personnel Strength, No. 15,168 15,273 15,488 15,480 13,499 12,883 12,443 14,452 14,460 16,617
( a) Provisional. Source : Sri Lanka Railways

(b) Locomotives include all engines, steam and diesel and power sets and rail cars.
(c) Maintainable Stock (including DMUs, Shunting Locos).
(d)
Available Locomotives.
(e)
Maintainable Stock.
(f)
Number of journeys taken by passengers holding ordinary tickets (or number of ordinary ticket holders).
(g)
Number of passengers travelled × distance travelled.
(h)
Number of season ticket holders multiplied by 40 (assuming that a season ticket holder usually takes
40 numbers of journey for a month).
(i) Number of tons hauled × distance hauled.
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TRANSPORTATION
Table 12.8
Aviation : SriLankan Airlines 2009 – 2017
Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Scheduled Services
Kilometres Flown, ’000 38,012 40,451 52,757 66,559 67,174 70,450 77,125 67,393 74,979
Hours Flown 54,228 62,003 74,886 93,922 95,238 97,319 96,494 96,221 107,673
Passengers Carried, No. 2,435,479 2,807,889 3,261,341 4,164,234 4,232,343 4,240,195 4,332,411 4,491,709 5,342,456
Freight Tons Carried, No. 69,106 83,147 87,919 97,829 99,190 97,563 101,429 102,734 127,235
Passenger Kilometres Flown, ’000 7,851,363 9,399,619 10,676,945 12,790,217 12,987,511 12,719,412 12,747,024 12,854,710 13,983,801
Available Seat Kilometres Flown, ’000 10,382,321 12,076,114 13,733,446 15,871,522 15,854,641 15,965,221 15,843,430 15,952,239 17,096,075
Passenger Load Factor, % 75.6 77.8 77.7 80.6 81.9 79.7 80.5 80.6 81.8
Total Tonne Kilometres
Performed, ’000 976,052 1,472,746 1,287,385 1,493,190 1,511,496 1,473,534 1,478,424 1,522,284 1,617,816
Passengers
(Including Excess Baggage) 699,448 1,154,213 943,146 1,118,415 1,143,095 1,108,076 1,129,192 1,137,299 1,232,998
Freight & Mail 276,604 318,533 344,239 374,775 368,400 365,458 349,232 384,985 384,818
Available Tonne Kilometres, ’000 1,477,005 1,716,252 1,917,296 2,175,677 2,191,103 2,200,320 2,176,147 2,206,539 2,363,781
Weight Load Factor, % 58 55 55 53 52 51 68 69 68
Employment, No. 4,664 4,969 5,487 6,159 6,548 6,903 7,020 6,959 7,021
(a) Provisional Source : SriLankan Airlines
Table 12.9
Port Services 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Vessels Arrived 4,814 4,456 4,067 4,332 4,134 3,976 4,264 4,728 4,998 4,879
Colombo 4,424 4,114 3,910 4,124 3,870 3,667 3,742 4,197 4,405 4,329
Galle 68 32 48 73 69 36 60 72 96 87
Trincomalee 322 310 109 126 161 134 127 164 216 233
Hambantota – – – 9 34 139 335 295 281 230
Cargo Discharged, MT ’000 30,451 29,284 36,585 39,448 39,806 40,019 44,870 46,654 51,799 55,942
Colombo 28,086 27,214 34,307 36,642 36,721 37,453 41,540 43,271 47,982 51,955
Galle 458 166 318 464 422 200 394 540 771 711
Trincomalee 1,907 1,904 1,960 2,337 2,646 2,276 2,621 2,649 2,825 3,120
Hambantota – – – 5 17 90 316 195 220 156
Cargo Loaded, MT ’000 20,132 19,494 24,655 25,620 25,165 26,224 29,540 30,925 34,720 37,915
Colombo 19,874 19,159 24,461 25,373 24,949 26,029 29,254 30,447 33,896 37,079
Galle 1.5 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.0 6.7 0.4 1.8 0.1 0.1
Trincomalee 256 334 194 237 213 159 127 379 689 778
Hambantota – – – 10 3 29 158 98 135 58
Total Cargo Handled
(Port of Colombo), MT ’000 47,960 46,373 58,768 62,016 61,670 63,482 70,794 73,718 81,879 89,035
Containerised 40,490 39,601 51,426 54,109 53,504 56,195 63,329 65,682 73,682 79,825
Break Bulk 838 649 627 722 618 364 601 1113 879 843
Dry Bulk 2,565 2,097 2,556 2,620 2,709 2,657 2,444 2,344 2,572 2,501
Liquid Bulk 4,068 4,026 4,159 4,565 4,839 4,265 4,420 4,579 4,746 5,865
Container Throughput
(Port of Colombo), TEU 3,687,338 3,464,297 4,137,441 4,262,887 4,187,120 4,306,206 4,907,915 5,185,467 5,734,923 6,209,068
Domestic 813,271 751,992 932,244 1,046,886 1,020,255 1,031,977 1,126,985 1,217,971 1,299,850 1,383,551
Transhipment 2,785,422 2,633,055 3,095,589 3,123,828 3,064,767 3,208,117 3,699,710 3,888,321 4,355,261 4,741,582
Re-Stowing 88,645 79,250 109,608 92,173 102,098 66,112 81,220 79,175 79,812 83,935
Revenue, Rs. Mn. 25,143 23,331 28,280 31,086 38,098 37,232 37,492 40,805 44,080 45,609
Colombo 24,561 22,816 27,724 30,347 36,943 35,804 35,159 37,214 39,913 41,325
Galle 314 178 277 441 597 478 696 915 1239 1388
Trincomalee 268 337 279 285 423 366 400 530 886 1120
Hambantota – – – 13 135 585 1237 2,145 2,042 1,776
Employees 13,715 13,367 12,828 11,008 10,200 9,886 9,598 9,550 9,651 9,377
Colombo 12,548 12,263 11,681 10,059 9,325 9,014 8,747 8,725 8,856 8,588
Galle 553 513 500 433 391 378 373 355 348 351
Trincomalee 614 591 598 466 436 426 419 417 402 401
Hambantota – – 49 50 48 68 59 53 45 37
(a) Provisional Source : Sri Lanka Ports Authority

131
TRANSPORTATION
Table 12.10
Selected Public Transport Indicators by Province

Road Class Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva
Sri Lanka Railways

Operated Kilometers,

Mn.
2014 5.4 0.9 1.1 0.4 0.7 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.3 11.1
2015(a) 7.1 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.3 11.3
2016(a) 6.9 0.7 0.6 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.3 11.5
(b)
2017 6.9 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.3 11.2

Passenger Kilometers, Mn.
2014 4,166.6 411.2 342.8 686.9 274.4 342.8 274.4 136.8 205.9 6,841.9
2015(a) 4,732.2 411.2 342.8 686.9 274.4 342.8 274.4 136.8 205.9 7,407.4
2016(a) 4,502.7 459.3 371.1 743.7 297.0 371.1 297.0 148.2 223.0 7,413.1
2017(b) 4,668.4 464.4 394.2 521.2 341.9 408.4 309.7 157.0 229.9 7,495.1

Freight Tonne Kilometers, Mn.
2014 33.8 5.7 6.7 0.1 17.8 52.6 10.2 2.4 1.2 130.4
2015(a) 33.0 6.0 6.8 0.1 17.7 52.7 10.1 2.4 1.2 130.0
2016(a) 35.5 6.4 7.3 0.1 19.1 56.7 10.9 2.6 1.3 139.9
2017(b) 36.8 6.7 7.5 0.1 19.7 58.7 11.3 2.7 1.3 144.8

Private Bus Services

Total Fleet
2014 7,526 2,888 1,932 1,122 678 2,075 902 1,193 2,105 23,569*
2015(a) 6,019 2,113 1,338 1,153 560 1,470 672 1,074 2,104 19,617*
2016(a) 5,851 2,377 1,324 1,079 634 1,505 693 1,032 1,827 19,614*
2017(b) 6,159 2,421 1,323 1,112 637 1,520 759 1,166 1,715 19,998*
Buses Operated
2014 6,746 2,806 1,816 968 460 1,820 764 1,152 2,001 21,353*
2015(a) 4,802 2,012 1,240 997 416 1,258 609 810 1,700 16,950*
2016(a) 4,302 2,367 1,191 901 501 1,470 625 785 1,772 17,131*
2017(b) 4,154 2,410 1,280 965 493 1,478 626 825 1,715 16,972*

Seating Capacity
2014 283,349 117,837 76,280 40,652 19,324 76,446 32,107 48,386 84,044 930,705*
2015(a) 201,684 84,504 52,080 41,874 17,472 52,836 25,578 34,020 71,400 749,172*
2016(a) 180,684 99,414 50,022 37,842 21,042 61,740 26,250 32,970 74,424 758,106*
2017(b) 174,468 101,220 53,760 40,530 20,706 62,076 26,292 34,650 72,030 749,136*

Operated Kilometers, Mn.
2014 361.8 152.4 112.7 50.4 27.3 115.2 45.9 64.0 112.1 1,336.2*
2015(a) 238.4 99.9 61.6 49.5 20.7 62.4 30.2 40.2 84.4 1,012.6*
2016(a) 214.1 117.8 59.2 44.8 24.9 73.1 31.1 39.1 88.2 1,030.2*
2017(b) 206.2 119.6 63.5 47.9 24.4 73.3 31.0 40.9 85.1 1,008.8*

Passenger Kilometers, Mn.
2014 16,715.2 7,040.3 5,205.9 2,328.0 1,261.2 5,321.5 2,121.6 2,954.6 5,181.1 65,676.7*
2015(a) 11,012.8 4,614.3 2,843.8 2,286.5 954.0 2,885.1 1,396.7 1,857.6 3,898.8 47,552.4*
2016(a) 9,893.1 5,443.3 2,738.9 2,072.0 1,152.1 3,380.5 1,437.3 1,805.2 4,074.9 49,544.5*
2017(b) 9,256.7 5,527.0 2,935.5 2,213.1 1,130.6 3,389.6 1,435.6 1,892.0 3,933.1 50,542.4*
(c)
SLCTB / Regional Bus Companies

Buses Operated
2014 1,349 739 446 200 263 541 403 496 566 5,003
2015(a) 1,416 789 493 241 308 587 421 573 612 5,440
2016(a) 1,335 793 486 245 301 581 424 568 603 5,336
2017(b) 1,276 789 480 236 295 588 420 578 604 5,266

Passenger Kilometers. Mn.
2014 3,146.9 1,709.3 1,337.7 570.9 932.9 1,451.7 1,305.9 1,139.8 1,122.4 12,717.4
2015(a) 3,677.0 2,143.4 1,598.5 824.1 1,166.1 1,663.0 1,330.4 1,470.7 1,337.3 15,210.3
2016(a) 3,624.1 2,232.9 1,639.9 944.4 1,283.1 1,772.1 1,451.2 1,560.0 1,593.6 16,101.4
2017(b) 3,465.6 2,241.3 1,624.8 919.8 1,272.8 1,826.5 1,455.9 1,679.9 1,215.3 15,701.8

Operated Kilometers, Mn.
2014 95.0 42.4 38.5 17.1 23.7 43.5 38.4 35.1 35.1 368.8
2015(a) 109.7 54.6 45.4 23.3 30.3 50.4 38.5 45.4 40.3 437.8
2016(a) 107.0 56.3 46.1 25.8 32.1 51.6 40.6 48.4 41.2 449.1
2017(b) 103.8 56.2 45.4 25.3 32.0 52.5 40.8 48.3 40.9 445.3
(a) Revised Sources : National Transport Commission

(b) Provisional Sri Lanka Transport Board
(c) Buses under SLTTS (Sri Lanka Tourist Transport Service), Sri Lanka Railways
are included in Western Province from 2014 onwards.
* These figures include the data related to the permits issued by the National Transport Commission as well.
132
SOCIO-ECONOMIC SERVICES
Table 13.1
National Level Findings of the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES)
by Survey Period – Sri Lanka
HIES Survey Period
Variable Unit
1985/86 1990/91 1995/96 2002 2005 2006/07 2009/10 2012/13 2016
Mean household income per month Rs. 2,012 3,549 6,476 12,803 20,048 26,286 36,451 45,878 62,237
Median household income per month Rs. 1,322 2,547 3,793 8,482 13,617 16,735 23,746 30,814 43,511
Mean per capita income per month Rs. 395 724 1,439 3,056 4,896 6,463 9,104 11,819 16,377
Income receivers mean income per month Rs. 941 1,819 3,367 6,959 10,563 14,457 20,427 25,963 33,894
No. of income receivers per household No. 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
Household size No. 5.1 4.9 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8
Monetary income per month per household Rs. 1,334 2,963 5,264 10,386 17,089 22,616 31,209 39,300 52,979
Non-Monetary income per month

per household Rs. 678 586 1,212 2,419 2,959 3,670 5,242 6,578 9,257
Gini coefficient of household income 0.46 0.43 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.49 0.49 0.48 0.45
Gini coefficient of household expenditure – – 0.36 0.41 0.40 0.41 0.37 0.40 0.41
Gini coefficient of income receivers income – 0.52 0.52 0.53 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.53 0.51
Mean household expenditure per month Rs. 2,079 3,905 6,525 13,147 19,151 22,952 31,331 41,444 54,999
Expenditure on food and drink Rs. 1,198 2,377 3,552 5,848 7,593 8,641 13,267 15,651 19,114
Expenditure on non food items (excluding

liquor, narcotic drugs and tobacco) Rs. 802 1,384 2,753 6,993 11,079 13,819 17,399 25,088 34,829
Expenditure on liquor,
narcotic drugs and tobacco Rs. 79 144 219 306 479 492 665 705 1,056
Food Ratio
(as a percentage) % 57.6 60.9 54.4 44.5 39.6 37.6 42.3 37.8 34.8
Poverty Head Count Ratio % – 26.1 28.8 22.7 – 15.2 8.9 6.7 4.1
Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey Series,

Total Income & Food Ratio (Food and Drink /Household Expenditure)
70,000 70
60,000 60
50,000 50
Total Income (Rs.)
Food Ratio (%)
40,000 40
30,000 30
20,000 20
10,000 10
0 0
1985/86 1990/91 1995/96 2002 2005 2006/07 2009/10 2012/13 2016
Total Income per Month per Houseold Food Ratio

133
Table 13.2
Average Monthly Household Expenditure on Selected Food/Non-Food Items
by HIES Survey Period – Sri Lanka
HIES Survey Period

Expenditure Group
1985/86 1990/91 1995/96 2002 2005 2006/07 2009/10 2012/13 2016
Average Monthly Expenditure (Rs.)

Food Expenditure
Rice 306 610 752 1,052 1,051 1,197 2,298 2,134 2,452
Wheat Flour 31 35 39 72 94 97 189 210 185
Bread 64 107 158 254 273 303 426 462 464
Condiments 119 252 353 532 687 803 1,209 1,416 1,881
Pulses 44 115 130 185 259 304 547 552 693
Vegetables 120 235 296 464 617 727 1,006 1,279 1,530
Coconuts 71 130 244 426 429 473 738 962 1,096
Meat 31 80 156 188 337 366 517 669 918
Fish 71 137 233 371 647 744 1,163 1,430 1,820
Dried Fish 48 101 162 219 290 348 492 656 773
Milk & Milk Products 52 122 254 489 748 754 1,038 1,389 1,562
Eggs 11 27 39 47 78 85 134 160 205
Fruit 15 32 62 212 296 294 386 461 612
Sugar 76 155 184 193 248 315 452 459 418
Other Food & Drinks 151 239 490 1,144 1,539 1,831 2,672 3,412 4,505
Total 1,198 2,383 3,552 5,848 7,593 8,641 13,267 15,651 19,114
Non-Food Expenditure
Housing 148 340 825 1,661 2,054 2,639 3,446 4,667 6,873
Fuel and Light 104 180 294 552 811 1,042 1,278 1,755 1,757
Clothing and Textile and Foot-Wear 95 159 282 388 588 694 903 1,194 1,581
Personal Care and Health 80 148 309 581 1,106 980 1,429 2,181 2,529
Transport and Communication 105 192 382 929 1,733 2,401 3,072 4,315 5,548
Education 29 66 128 315 473 632 1,018 1,448 2,066
Cultural and Entertainment – 33 69 149 255 260 402 515 908
Non-Durable Household Goods – 59 87 142 315 301 264 318 362
Consumer Durables 39 53 121 318 713 786 780 1,018 2,261
Other Non-Consumer Expenditure 202 153 256 1,957 3,033 4,083 4,807 7,678 10,945
Liquor and Tobacco 79 144 219 306 479 492 665 705 1,056
Total 881 1,528 2,972 7,299 11,558 14,311 18,064 25,793 35,8865
Average Monthly Expenditure (% share)

Food Expenditure
Rice 25.3(a) 25.7(a) 21.2 18.0 13.8 13.9 17.3 13.6 12.8
Wheat Flour 2.6(a) 1.5(a) 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.0
Bread 5.3(a) 4.5(a) 4.4 4.3 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.0 2.4
Condiments 9.8(a) 10.6(a) 9.9 9.1 9.0 9.3 9.1 9.0 9.8
Pulses 3.6(a) 4.8(a) 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.5 4.1 3.5 3.6
Vegetables 9.9(a) 9.9(a) 8.3 7.9 8.1 8.4 7.6 8.2 8.0
Coconuts 5.9(a) 5.5(a) 6.9 7.3 5.6 5.5 5.6 6.1 5.7
Meat 2.6(a) 3.4(a) 4.4 3.2 4.4 4.2 3.9 4.3 4.8
Fish 5.9(a) 5.8(a) 6.6 6.3 8.5 8.6 8.8 9.1 9.5
Dried Fish 4.0(a) 4.2(a) 4.6 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.7 4.2 4.0
Milk & Milk Products 4.3(a) 5.1(a) 7.1 8.4 9.9 8.7 7.8 8.9 8.2
Eggs 0.9(a) 1.1(a) 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1
Fruit 1.2(a) 1.3(a) 1.7 3.6 3.9 3.4 2.9 2.9 3.2
Sugar 6.3(a) 6.5(a) 5.2 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.4 2.9 2.2
Other Food & Drinks 12.5(a) 10.1(a) 13.8 19.6 20.3 21.2 20.1 21.8 23.6
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-Food Expenditure
Housing 16.8(a) 22.3 27.8 22.8 17.8 18.4 19.1 18.1 19.2
Fuel and Light 11.8(a) 11.8 9.9 7.6 7.0 7.3 7.1 6.8 4.9
Clothing and Textile and Foot-Wear 10.8(a) 10.4 9.5 5.3 5.1 4.9 5.0 4.6 4.4
Personal Care and Health 9.1(a) 9.7 10.4 8.0 9.6 6.9 7.9 8.5 7.0
Transport and Communication 11.9(a) 12.6 12.9 12.7 15.0 16.8 17.0 16.7 15.5
Education 3.3(a) 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.4 5.6 5.6 5.8
Cultural and Entertainment – 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.2 1.8 2.2 2.0 2.5
Non-Durable Household Goods – 3.9 2.9 1.9 2.7 2.1 1.5 1.2 1.0
Consumer Durables 4.4(a) 3.5 4.1 4.4 6.2 5.5 4.3 3.9 6.3
Other Non-Consumer Expenditure 22.9(a) 10.0 8.6 26.8 26.2 28.5 26.6 29.8 30.5
Liquor and Tobacco 9.0(a) 9.4 7.4 4.2 4.1 3.4 3.7 2.7 2.9
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
(a) Revised Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey Series,

134
Table 13.3
Poverty Indicators by Sector, Province and District
Poverty Head Count Index (Percentage)

Poor Household Percentage Poverty Gap Index (%)
Sector / Province / by HIES Survey Period
District
1995/96 2002 2006/07 2009/10 2012/13 2016 2009/10 2012/13 2016 2009/10 2012/13 2016
Sri Lanka 28.8 22.7 15.2 8.9 6.7 4.1 7.0 5.3 3.1 1.7 1.2 0.6

Sector
Urban 14.0 7.9 6.7 5.3 2.1 1.9 3.8 1.5 1.3 1.2 0.3 0.3
Rural 30.9 24.7 15.7 9.4 7.6 4.3 7.5 6.0 3.3 1.8 1.4 0.6
Estate 38.4 30.0 32.0 11.4 10.9 8.8 8.9 8.8 6.8 2.1 1.6 1.2

Province
Western 16.3 10.8 8.2 4.2 2.0 1.7 3.0 1.5 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.3
Central 36.2 25.1 22.3 9.7 6.6 5.4 8.2 5.1 4.1 1.8 1.0 0.9
Southern 32.6 27.8 13.8 9.8 7.7 3.0 7.5 6.3 2.3 1.8 1.4 0.4
Northern n.a. n.a. n.a. 12.8 10.9 7.7 10.0 8.8 6.3 2.1 2.3 1.1
Eastern n.a. n.a. 10.8 14.8 11.0 7.3 12.4 8.0 5.3 3.2 2.1 1.2
North Western 27.7 27.3 14.6 11.3 6.0 2.7 8.2 4.5 2.1 2.4 1.1 0.4
North Central 24.7 21.5 14.2 5.7 7.3 3.3 4.6 6.1 2.4 1.0 1.0 0.5
Uva 46.7 37.2 27.0 13.7 15.4 6.5 12.0 13.5 5.4 2.4 2.6 0.7
Sabaragamuwa 41.7 33.6 24.2 10.6 8.8 6.7 8.7 6.6 5.1 2.1 1.5 1.1

District
Colombo 12.0 6.4 5.4 3.6 1.4 0.9 2.5 1.1 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.2
Gampaha 14.1 10.7 8.7 3.9 2.1 2.0 3.0 1.5 1.3 0.7 0.4 0.3
Kalutara 29.5 20.0 13.0 6.0 3.1 2.9 4.1 2.5 2.3 1.3 0.5 0.4
Kandy 36.7 24.9 17.0 10.3 6.2 5.5 8.3 4.6 4.2 2.2 1.0 1.0
Matale 41.9 29.6 18.9 11.4 7.8 3.9 9.3 6.0 3.2 2.0 1.1 0.6
Nuwara Eliya 32.1 22.6 33.8 7.6 6.6 6.3 7.1 5.6 4.6 1.0 1.0 0.8
Galle 31.6 25.8 13.7 10.3 9.9 2.9 7.9 7.7 2.0 2.1 1.8 0.4
Matara 35.0 27.5 14.7 11.2 7.1 4.4 8.3 6.2 3.7 1.7 1.2 0.5
Hambantota 31.0 32.2 12.7 6.9 4.9 1.2 5.4 3.8 1.1 1.3 0.9 0.1
Jaffna n.a. n.a. n.a. 16.1 8.3 7.7 12.4 6.6 6.0 2.6 1.7 0.9
Mannar n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 20.1 1.0 n.a. 15.0 0.9 n.a. 4.6 0.1
Vavuniya n.a. n.a. n.a. 2.3 3.4 2.0 2.0 2.4 1.5 0.3 0.5 0.2
Mullaitivu n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 28.8 12.7 n.a. 24.7 11.2 n.a. 6.2 2.1
Kilinochchi n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 12.7 18.2 n.a. 10.7 15.0 n.a. 2.4 3.4
Batticaloa n.a. n.a. 10.7 20.3 19.4 11.3 17.0 14.3 8.1 5.1 4.5 1.8
Ampara n.a. n.a. 10.9 11.8 5.4 2.6 10.0 4.1 2.1 2.3 0.6 0.4
Trincomalee n.a. n.a. n.a. 11.7 9.0 10.0 9.0 6.2 6.8 1.8 1.4 1.8
Kurunegala 26.2 25.4 15.4 11.7 6.5 2.9 8.6 5.0 2.3 2.6 1.3 0.4
Puttalam 31.1 31.3 13.1 10.5 5.1 2.1 7.5 3.3 1.6 2.0 0.9 0.3
Anuradhapura 27.0 20.4 14.9 5.7 7.6 3.8 4.6 6.3 2.7 1.0 1.1 0.5
Polonnaruwa 20.1 23.7 12.7 5.8 6.7 2.2 4.5 5.6 1.7 1.0 0.9 0.5
Badulla 41.0 37.3 23.7 13.3 12.3 6.8 10.9 10.4 5.9 2.2 1.8 0.7
Moneragala 56.2 37.2 33.2 14.5 20.8 5.8 13.9 18.8 4.4 2.8 4.2 0.7
Ratnapura 46.4 34.4 26.6 10.4 10.4 6.5 8.5 7.5 4.8 2.4 1.8 1.1
Kegalle 36.3 32.5 21.1 10.8 6.7 7.1 9.0 5.4 5.4 1.7 1.1 1.1
n.a. – Not available Source : Department of Census and Statistics

135
Table 13.4
Daily Average Dietary Energy Consumption per Person
by Poverty Status, Sector, Province and District 2012/13 and 2016
Kilo Calories
2012 / 13 2016
Sector / Province /
District Poor Non-Poor All Poor Non-Poor All
Households Households Households Households Households Households
Sri Lanka 1,530 2,153 2,111 1,445 2,123 2,095

Sector
Urban 1,243 1,915 1,901 1,222 1,947 1,933
Rural 1,539 2,197 2,147 1,454 2,152 2,122
Estate 1,646 2,388 2,307 1,550 2,322 2,254

Province
Western 1,176 1,975 1,958 1,195 1,967 1,954
Central 1,523 2,246 2,198 1,471 2,167 2,129
Southern 1,443 2,214 2,155 1,379 2,141 2,118
Northern 1,545 2,219 2,146 1,624 2,225 2,179
Eastern 1,453 2,152 2,075 1,423 2,099 2,050
North Western 1,501 2,197 2,155 1,386 2,164 2,143
North Central 1,553 2,254 2,203 1,429 2,275 2,247
Uva 1,783 2,404 2,308 1,703 2,360 2,318
Sabaragamuwa 1,675 2,209 2,162 1,420 2,178 2,127

District
Colombo 1,077 1,875 1,863 1,170 1,955 1,948
Gampaha 1,240 2,034 2,018 1,138 1,977 1,961
Kalutara 1,178 2,050 2,023 1,283 1,971 1,951
Kandy 1,431 2,131 2,088 1,430 2,068 2,033
Matale 1,553 2,331 2,270 1,379 2,141 2,111
Nuwara Eliya 1,664 2,407 2,358 1,578 2,373 2,323
Galle 1,383 2,108 2,036 1,281 2,028 2,007
Matara 1,568 2,229 2,182 1,444 2,125 2,094
Hambantota 1,406 2,373 2,326 1,463 2,353 2,343
Jaffna 1,592 2,257 2,202 1,743 2,199 2,164
Mannar 1281 1,961 1,825 1,670 2,235 2,230
Vavuniya 1,486 2,201 2,177 1,666 2,328 2,315
Mullaitivu 1,584 2,115 1,962 1,514 2,262 2,167
Kilinochchi 1,699 2,314 2,236 1,419 2,151 2,018
Batticaloa 1,386 2,091 1,954 1,504 2,066 2,002
Ampara 1,546 2,193 2,158 1,378 2,161 2,141
Trincomalee 1,558 2,155 2,101 1,319 2,030 1,959
Kurunegala 1,530 2,184 2,142 1,374 2,203 2,179
Puttalam 1,425 2,224 2,183 1,418 2,083 2,069
Anuradhapura 1,539 2,225 2,172 1,400 2,279 2,245
Polonnaruwa 1,587 2,315 2,266 1,536 2,266 2,250
Badulla 1,894 2,425 2,359 1,688 2,373 2,326
Moneragala 1,664 2,361 2,216 1,735 2,337 2,302
Ratnapura 1,761 2,289 2,234 1,449 2,243 2,192
Kegalle 1,500 2,109 2,069 1,386 2,091 2,041
Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2012/13 and 2016

136
Table 13.5(A)
Housing Conditions and Ownership of Durable Goods by Sector
2009/10, 2012/13 and 2016
Per cent
2009 / 10(a) 2012 / 13 2016
Item All All All

Urban Rural Estate Urban Rural Estate Urban Rural Estate
Island Island Island
Wall Type(b)
Permanent 94.1 91.5 89.1 91.7 96.0 92.8 95.0 93.5 97.30 95.1 96.2 95.5
Semi Permanent 5.9 8.5 10.9 8.3 4.0 7.2 5.0 6.5 2.7 4.9 3.8 4.5
Floor Type(c)
Permanent 97.1 87.6 83.1 88.7 98.4 91.6 84.9 92.4 98.9 95.2 89.1 95.6
Semi Permanent 2.9 12.4 16.9 11.3 1.6 8.4 15.1 7.6 1.1 4.8 10.9 4.4
Roof Type(d)
Permanent 91.1 88.9 23.0 86.0 95.5 91.5 32.3 89.6 96.1 94.2 33.0 91.9
Semi Permanent 8.9 11.1 77.0 14.0 4.5 8.5 67.7 10.4 3.9 5.8 67.0 8.1
Main Source of Drinking Water
Safe 97.4 87.6 60.3 87.7 98.8 90.0 46.3 89.7 97.8 89.3 44.7 88.8
Not Safe 2.6 12.4 39.7 12.3 1.2 10.0 53.7 10.3 2.2 10.7 55.3 11.2
Toilet Facilities
Exclusive for the Household 86.4 90.9 74.0 89.5 90.0 90.7 76.2 89.9 91.9 92.4 77.3 91.7
Sharing with another Household 7.1 6.2 13.1 6.6 7.3 7.8 21.1 8.4 6.6 7.0 19.8 7.5
Public Toilet Facilities 5.1 0.4 7.2 1.4 2.7 0.2 2.1 0.7 1.6 0.1 2.6 0.4
No Toilet Facilities 1.3 2.5 5.6 2.5 0.0 1.2 0.7 0.9 – 0.5 0.4 0.4
Lighting
Electricity 95.6 84.1 76.9 85.3 98.0 88.8 83.0 90.2 98.9 96.7 92.7 96.9
Kerosene 4.4 13.7 22.5 12.8 1.8 10.2 16.5 9.0 0.8 3.0 7.1 2.8
Solar Energy 0.0 2.2 0.7 1.8 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3
Other – – – – 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 … – …
Cooking Fuel
Firewood 39.2 86.7 97.3 80.5 36.7 86.7 95.7 78.5 25.1 76.8 85.8 68.6
Gas 48.0 11.3 1.5 16.0 54.7 11.4 2.4 18.5 68.6 21.7 12.9 29.1
Kerosene 11.4 1.1 0.6 2.5 6.5 1.0 1.1 1.9 4.5 0.6 0.9 1.2
Other 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.9 2.2 1.0 0.6 1.1 1.8 1.0 0.4 1.1
Garbage Disposal
Collected by Local Authorities 67.1 7.2 1.3 15.3 74.8 9.4 4.4 20.4 79.9 10.1 2.1 21.4
Buried / Burned 21.1 62.5 31.3 55.2 16.1 47.7 29.9 41.5 13.8 50.7 36.4 43.9
Process for Fertilizer 1.9 7.5 4.7 6.6 2.0 6.5 3.2 5.6 1.2 4.4 2.6 3.8
Dumped within premises 2.5 18.3 15.2 16.0 5.9 35.1 43.6 30.5 4.4 33.9 37.3 29.1
Thrown away outside premises 6.4 4.0 46.2 6.3 0.4 0.5 7.5 0.8 0.3 0.4 7.5 0.7
Other 1.1 0.5 1.2 0.7 0.8 0.8 11.3 1.2 0.4 0.6 14.1 1.1
Telecommunication Facilities
Fixed Telephone Lines only 10.6 17.7 25.1 17.0 4.5 6.3 15.4 6.4 3.0 3.1 7.7 3.3
Mobile only 32.5 29.7 22.2 29.8 46.0 52.7 37.4 50.9 56.8 63.4 53.3 61.9
Fixed and Mobile Connections 41.7 29.3 13.8 30.3 42.6 28.0 22.6 30.3 35.5 24.6 22.4 26.3
No Telephone Facilities 15.2 23.3 38.9 22.9 6.8 13.0 24.7 12.5 4.8 8.9 16.6 8.5
Household Equipments
Radio / Cassette Players 76.5 75.6 69.4 75.4 73.7 71.2 65.7 71.4 61.7 64.0 54.9 63.2
Televisions 86.9 79.3 70.5 80.0 90.4 81.6 73.3 82.7 88.9 86.1 81.2 86.3
VCD / DVD Players 48.7 33.5 39.8 35.9 53.4 40.7 46.4 43.1 40.7 35.5 45.1 36.8
Personal Computers 23.6 11.2 2.2 12.5 34.5 15.9 3.8 18.5 34.0 18.2 5.4 20.3
Not using any of these 7.4 10.1 17.4 10.1 4.9 9.5 16.7 9.0 5.9 7.3 11.6 7.3
Domestic Electrical Items
Sewing Machines 50.7 42.7 20.2 42.7 52.0 41.1 17.5 41.9 44.1 39.1 16.1 39.0
Washing Machines 28.0 11.3 1.7 13.1 37.4 13.5 2.3 17.2 40.2 17.1 2.5 20.3
Refrigerators 60.2 37.9 7.9 39.6 67.7 43.2 14.3 46.2 68.8 51.4 17.3 52.9
Cookers (Gas / Electric / Kerosene)
73.1 33.6 11.6 38.1 75.2 37.1 21.1 42.9 81.1 48.9 40.1 53.9
Electric Fans 78.1 48.4 11.5 50.8 84.0 52.5 19.3 56.5 83.3 59.2 17.9 61.5
Not using any of these 11.5 34.7 68.6 33.1 7.7 30.6 57.9 27.8 5.6 22.2 44.3 20.4
Vehicle Ownership
Bicycle 35.6 42.5 6.7 39.8 31.1 39.0 4.9 36.2 25.2 32.6 3.3 30.1
Motor Cycles / Scooters 21.2 27.9 4.1 25.8 27.6 32.2 6.5 30.3 30.1 39.9 5.7 36.8
Three Wheelers 6.1 6.9 2.3 6.5 9.9 11.1 4.4 10.6 13.3 14.5 9.1 14.1
Motor Cars / Vans 10.4 5.1 1.1 5.6 15.4 5.5 1.0 7.0 16.2 8.3 0.9 9.3
Buses / Lorries 1.4 1.9 0.4 1.8 1.9 2.3 0.4 2.2 1.1 3.3 0.6 2.8
No Vehicle 43.0 38.8 87.3 41.8 38.2 37.0 85.4 39.2 36.9 33.5 82.6 36.1
(a) Excluding Mannar, Kilinochchi and Mullaitivu districts. (d) Permanent – Tile, Asbestos, Concrete Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey
(b) Permanent – Brick, Cabok, Cement Block, Pressed Soil Block Semi Permanent – Takaran, Cadjan/Metal Sheet, Palmyrah,
2009/10, 2012/13 and 2016,
Semi Permanent – Mud, Plank/Takaran, Cadjan/Palmyrah, Other Straw, Other Department of Census and Statistics
… Neglegible
(c) Permanent – Cement, Terrazzo/Tile, Concrete
Semi Permanent – Mud, Wood, Sand, Other
137
Table 13.5(B)
Housing Conditions and Ownership of Durable Goods by Province – 2012/13
Per cent
Wall Type(a)
Permanent 95.2 95.3 93.7 82.1 91.2 94.0 94.6 91.8 93.3 93.5
Semi Permanent 4.8 4.7 6.3 17.9 8.8 6.0 5.4 8.2 6.7 6.5
Floor Type(b)
Permanent 98.3 89.0 93.9 88.4 92.5 93.5 86.2 78.8 91.7 92.4
Semi Permanent 1.7 11.0 6.1 11.6 7.5 6.5 13.8 21.2 8.3 7.6
Roof Type(c)
Permanent 96.1 75.7 95.7 80.4 90.0 90.8 92.4 81.5 87.5 89.6
Semi Permanent 3.9 24.3 4.3 19.6 10.0 9.2 7.6 18.5 12.5 10.4
Safe 97.1 77.6 88.2 95.1 97.2 92.9 93.4 74.8 80.3 89.7
Not Safe 2.9 22.4 11.8 4.9 2.8 7.1 6.6 25.2 19.7 10.3
Toilet Facilities
Exclusive for the Household 91.0 89.3 93.1 83.9 82.5 91.4 90.4 89.3 91.2 89.9
Sharing with another Household 7.4 10.0 6.7 9.8 11.5 7.4 8.2 9.7 8.8 8.4
Public Toilet Facilities 1.6 0.6 0.1 0.3 1.1 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.7
No Toilet Facilities 0.1 0.1 0.1 5.9 4.9 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.0 0.9
Lighting 97.6 92.5 94.4 66.0 79.9 89.1 87.4 83.7 88.2 90.2
Electricity 2.2 7.1 5.2 31.9 19.6 9.4 11.1 14.1 11.1 9.0
Kerosene 0.2 0.4 0.3 2.0 0.5 1.5 1.0 2.0 0.8 0.7
Solar Energy 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.2
Cooking Fuel
Firewood 53.0 84.3 85.3 87.3 77.5 92.5 94.8 95.2 91.6 78.5
Gas 41.0 13.8 13.0 8.9 16.3 6.2 4.6 4.2 7.7 18.5
Kerosene 4.4 1.0 0.3 3.3 4.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.9
Other 1.6 0.7 1.4 0.5 1.9 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.1
Garbage Disposal
Collected by Local Authorities 40.2 12.2 11.6 12.4 43.0 6.7 4.9 6.9 8.8 20.4
Buried / Burned 35.6 35.5 38.1 54.2 35.0 55.5 74.3 37.6 32.4 41.5
Process for Fertilizer 4.2 6.8 8.0 9.3 0.7 5.8 3.1 8.4 6.1 5.6
Dumped within premises 18.7 37.9 41.1 23.1 20.3 31.4 17.6 44.5 50.8 30.5
Thrown away outside premises 0.5 2.3 0.6 0.8 1.1 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.8
Other 0.8 5.3 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 1.7 1.3 1.2
Fixed Telephone Lines only 4.4 8.6 6.7 2.5 3.4 6.2 8.9 12.9 7.5 6.4
Mobile only 47.4 45.9 53.8 68.6 61.2 56.6 52.7 38.9 45.7 50.9
Fixed and Mobile Connections 41.3 34.4 27.5 16.9 11.1 25.3 23.6 30.5 29.2 30.3
No Telephone Facilities 6.9 11.1 12.0 12.0 24.3 11.9 14.8 17.8 17.6 12.5
Radio / Cassette Players 74.8 74.7 74.7 50.4 51.5 73.0 70.4 74.4 75.6 71.4
Televisions 91.6 85.2 85.0 54.8 66.1 83.4 80.9 77.6 82.0 82.7
VCD / DVD Players 52.3 47.3 39.8 30.2 31.3 40.0 35.6 37.8 43.9 43.1
Personal Computers 31.3 19.0 14.2 14.8 9.2 15.4 10.1 8.0 12.3 18.5
Not using any of these 4.3 7.2 6.4 25.1 22.2 8.4 9.3 11.0 9.0 9.0
Sewing Machines 53.7 42.9 45.1 18.4 25.7 43.0 36.1 30.0 38.0 41.9
Washing Machines 32.3 15.3 11.7 4.5 10.5 15.7 7.4 6.2 10.1 17.2
Refrigerators 67.2 40.3 45.6 20.8 29.3 47.5 38.9 23.8 38.1 46.2
69.0 43.1 37.3 22.2 33.5 36.1 26.9 17.8 29.0 42.9
Electric Fans 79.4 33.8 58.1 39.8 61.4 55.5 56.4 27.3 43.3 56.5
Vehicle Ownership
Bicycle 27.7 11.4 41.1 81.6 60.4 52.7 66.7 19.1 14.4 36.2
Motor Cycles / Scooters 31.8 12.5 32.4 34.4 29.8 48.3 49.7 15.6 18.3 30.3
Three Wheelers 12.6 10.1 12.0 5.1 5.3 11.5 11.7 7.8 10.6 10.6
Motor Cars / Vans 13.8 4.9 5.1 1.8 1.6 6.6 3.8 3.0 4.9 7.0
Buses / Lorries 2.2 2.1 2.1 0.3 1.0 4.1 2.7 1.7 1.6 2.2
No Vehicle 36.3 67.5 34.8 13.1 28.0 21.6 13.5 63.6 62.2 39.2
(a) Permanent – Brick, Cabok, Cement Block, Pressed Soil Block Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey
Semi Permanent – Plank/Metal Sheet, Cadjan/Palmyrah, Other 2012/13, Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Permanent – Cement, Terrazzo/Tile, Concrete
(c) Permanent – Tile, Asbestos, Concrete
Semi Permanent – Takaran, Cadjan/ Palmyrah, Other
138
Table 13.5(B) (Contd.)

Housing Conditions and Ownership of Durable Goods by Province – 2016
Per cent
Wall Type(a)
Permanent 96.3 96.6 95.6 93.5 95.2 93.6 97.4 94.7 94.6 95.5
Semi Permanent 3.7 3.4 4.4 6.5 4.8 6.4 2.6 5.3 5.4 4.5
Floor Type(b)
Permanent 98.8 92.8 96.1 98.0 95.6 96.0 93.5 87.2 94.4 95.6
Semi Permanent 1.2 7.2 3.9 2.0 4.4 4.0 6.5 12.8 5.6 4.4
Roof Type(c)
Permanent 96.6 78.5 95.5 91.9 94.5 92.5 97.4 85.0 89.8 91.9
Semi Permanent 3.4 21.5 4.5 8.1 5.5 7.5 2.6 15.0 10.2 8.1
Safe 98.2 77.7 92.7 92.3 97.7 92.7 71.2 79.4 76.0 88.8
Not Safe 1.8 22.3 7.3 7.7 2.3 7.3 28.8 20.6 24.0 11.2
Toilet Facilities
Exclusive for the Household 93.0 91.5 92.8 89.1 90.6 90.3 88.7 92.4 91.8 91.7
Sharing with another Household 6.0 7.9 6.9 9.3 7.3 8.5 10.6 7.2 7.7 7.5
Public Toilet Facilities 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.3 – 0.3 0.4 0.4
No Toilet Facilities 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.0 1.9 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.4
Lighting
Electricity 98.7 96.8 98.6 92.4 93.2 95.9 97.3 96.0 96.4 96.9
Kerosene 1.0 2.8 1.3 7.2 5.9 3.7 2.6 3.6 3.5 2.8
Solar Energy 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.3
Other 0.1 – – – 0.1 – – – 0.1 –
Cooking Fuel
Firewood 39.3 74.3 75.9 79.0 98.9 83.0 86.1 89.8 85.5 68.6
Gas 56.5 24.4 22.8 17.1 28.0 15.1 13.4 9.5 13.7 29.1
Kerosene 2.5 0.8 0.3 3.2 1.7 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 1.2
Other 1.7 0.5 1.0 0.8 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.1
Garbage Disposal
Collected by Local Authorities 43.6 11.7 10.4 15.7 42.6 7.6 4.3 6.9 8.4 21.4
Buried / Burned 35.9 40.1 46.0 56.1 38.4 53.8 74.4 37.3 39.1 43.9
Process for Fertilizer 2.2 4.9 4.3 9.4 0.7 4.2 1.6 7.6 4.0 3.8
Dumped within premises 17.1 37.2 38.3 18.0 17.3 33.5 19.7 44.7 46.8 29.1
Thrown away outside premises 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.1 2.6 1.3 0.7
Other 0.6 5.3 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.5 – 0.8 0.4 1.1
Fixed Telephone Lines only 2.9 4.1 3.2 1.8 2.0 3.5 4.7 6.0 2.1 3.3
Mobile only 55.8 59.1 68.6 74.6 72.6 63.2 62.5 50.8 64.7 61.9
Fixed and Mobile Connections 35.4 30.0 20.7 15.4 13.3 24.1 22.9 26.7 23.5 26.3
No Telephone Facilities 5.9 6.9 7.4 7.9 12.1 9.3 9.8 16.5 9.6 8.5
Radio / Cassette Players 67.4 71.3 62.9 40.7 45.5 63.3 64.3 68.2 62.7 63.2
Televisions 90.9 87.7 87.8 72.2 15.1 85.3 87.7 85.2 87.0 86.3
VCD / DVD Players 43.5 38.5 33.1 31.4 25.0 34.4 35.5 36.3 36.3 36.8
Personal Computers 31.5 18.8 16.7 16.7 11.2 18.3 14.1 11.6 16.4 20.3
Sewing Machines 47.0 41.2 39.0 22.8 26.2 38.0 36.9 33.7 37.8 39.0
Washing Machines 35.5 19.9 15.9 7.4 14.1 17.0 11.7 8.8 12.0 20.3
Refrigerators 71.2 46.5 53.4 29.5 34.4 55.0 49.7 33.2 47.4 52.9
77.5 54.5 51.1 30.3 41.9 47.4 40.1 29.6 44.5 53.9
Electric Fans 81.7 35.4 63.7 55.2 69.3 63.8 67.6 23.9 49.1 61.5
Vehicle Ownership
Bicycle 22.3 7.5 32.1 72.8 58.1 44.7 58.5 13.1 8.7 30.1
Motor Cycles / Scooters 35.4 16.4 43.8 44.1 39.4 56.6 58.7 20.3 24.1 36.8
Three Wheelers 15.7 15.1 14.6 5.4 8.6 13.9 14.3 13.4 16.7 14.1
Motor Cars / Vans 16.1 7.7 7.6 2.1 2.5 9.8 6.1 5.1 7.4 9.3
Buses / Lorries 2.7 2.7 2.6 0.9 0.9 4.8 4.5 2.9 2.6 2.8
No Vehicle 34.4 62.5 30.7 15.2 23.0 19.3 14.3 58.8 56.3 36.1
(a) Permanent – Brick, Cabok, Cement Block, Pressed Soil Block Source : Household Income and
Expenditure Survey 2016,
Semi Permanent – Plank/Metal Sheet, Cadjan/Palmyrah, Other
(b) Permanent – Cement, Terrazzo/Tile, Concrete
(c) Permanent – Tile, Asbestos, Concrete
Semi Permanent – Takaran, Cadjan/ Palmyrah, Other
139
Table 13.6(A)
Key Socio-Economic Indicators by Sector
2009/10, 2012/13 and 2016
2009 / 10(a) 2012 / 13 2016
Item All All All

Urban Rural Estate Urban Rural Estate Urban Rural Estate
Island Island Island
Household Characteristics
Number of Individuals per Household 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.3 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.1 3.8
Number of Income Receivers per
Household 1.9 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.8

Population Distribution
By Gender, %
Male 47.7 47.4 47.6 47.4 47.4 47.0 48.0 47.1 46.9 46.8 47.1 46.8
Female 52.3 52.6 52.4 52.6 52.6 53.0 52.0 52.9 53.1 53.2 52.9 53.2
By Age Group, %
0 – 14 Years 25.3 25.9 29.7 26.0 24.2 26.0 31.1 25.9 23.8 25.3 30.3 25.3
15 – 59 Years 61.9 61.8 59.9 61.8 61.5 60.6 57.0 60.6 60.1 59.1 57.0 59.2
Over 59 Years 12.8 12.3 10.5 12.3 14.3 13.5 11.9 13.6 16.1 15.6 12.7 15.5
By Educational Attainment, %
No Schooling 2.5 4.0 13.1 4.2 2.2 3.5 12.2 3.7 2.4 3.1 10.1 3.3
Up to Grade 5 21.6 24.6 43.0 25.1 19.2 25.0 42.0 24.7 19.3 23.5 39.6 23.5
Grade 6 – 10 42.1 45.5 37.7 44.6 39.8 44.8 38.7 43.6 40.4 45.0 41.8 44.1
Passed G.C.E. (O/L) 17.5 14.9 3.8 14.7 18.2 15.5 4.9 15.5 18.4 15.1 5.4 15.3
Passed G.C.E. (A/L) and Above 16.2 10.8 2.3 11.2 20.5 11.1 2.2 12.4 19.4 13.2 3.0 13.8

Income
Mean Income, Rs. per Month
Per Household 47,783 35,228 24,162 36,451 69,880 41,478 30,220 45,878 88,692 58,137 34,804 62,237
Per Person 11,245 8,916 5,782 9,104 17,262 10,843 7,100 11,819 22,297 15,508 8,566 16,377
Median Income, Rs. per Month
Per Household 31,000 23,126 17,366 23,746 42,267 29,376 24,087 30,814 57,833 42,133 29,134 43,511
Per Person 6,925 5,758 4,161 5,803 10,420 7,657 5,503 7,881 14,090 11,140 7,107 11,307
Income Shares by Deciles of
Households, %
1st Decile 1.7 1.6 2.1 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.6 2.1 1.6
2nd Decile 2.9 2.9 3.8 2.9 2.8 3.2 3.7 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.8 3.2
3rd Decile 4.0 4.0 4.8 3.9 3.7 4.4 5.1 4.1 4.1 4.5 5.3 4.3
4th Decile 5.0 4.9 5.7 4.9 4.6 5.4 6.4 5.1 5.0 5.5 6.6 5.3
5th Decile 6.0 6.0 6.7 6.0 5.6 6.5 7.4 6.2 5.8 6.7 7.8 6.4
6th Decile 7.2 7.2 7.8 7.1 6.7 7.7 8.7 7.3 7.2 7.9 9.0 7.6
7th Decile 8.8 8.7 9.1 8.7 8.3 9.2 9.9 8.9 8.9 9.5 10.6 9.2
8th Decile 11.1 10.9 10.6 10.8 10.3 11.4 11.8 10.9 10.7 11.7 12.5 11.5
9th Decile 15.1 14.5 13.4 14.6 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.9 14.8 15.6 15.8 15.4
10th Decile 38.2 39.3 36.0 39.5 42.0 35.6 30.3 38.0 38.6 33.7 26.7 35.4
Income Share by Households, %
Richest 20% 53.3 53.8 49.4 54.1 56.5 50.7 45.1 52.9 53.4 49.3 42.5 50.8
Poorest 20% 4.7 4.5 5.9 4.5 4.4 4.7 5.7 4.5 4.9 4.9 5.9 4.8
Middle 60% 42.1 41.7 44.7 41.4 39.2 44.6 49.3 42.6 41.7 45.8 51.6 44.4
Gini Coefficient, One Month Income
Gini Coefficient (Households) 0.48 0.49 0.43 0.49 0.51 0.45 0.39 0.48 0.48 0.44 0.36 0.45
Gini Coefficient (Per Person) 0.49 0.48 0.42 0.49 0.51 0.44 0.37 0.46 0.48 0.42 0.34 0.44
Gini Coefficient (Income Receivers) 0.54 0.54 0.50 0.55 0.56 0.51 0.44 0.53 0.53 0.50 0.42 0.51
Expenditure, Rs. per Month

Per Household 44,928 29,423 23,988 31,331 58,930 38,274 29,379 41,444 77,337 51,377 34,851 54,999
Household Expenditure Share, %
Food 35.6 43.7 50.8 42.3 32.1 39.2 49.8 37.8 31.2 35.4 48.5 34.8
Housing 16.9 9.8 4.3 11.0 17.5 9.4 5.0 11.3 18.9 10.7 6.0 12.5
Fuel and Light 5.0 3.8 4.0 4.1 5.5 3.8 4.1 4.2 3.9 3.0 3.5 3.2
Personal Care and Health Expenses 5.4 4.4 3.7 4.6 5.3 5.3 3.5 5.3 4.5 4.7 3.1 4.6
Transport 6.7 7.7 4.6 7.4 8.9 8.1 5.6 8.3 9.3 7.8 5.4 8.1
Communication 2.8 2.3 1.7 2.4 2.7 2.0 1.7 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.7 2.0
Education 4.0 3.1 1.6 3.2 4.7 3.2 1.8 3.5 4.6 3.5 2.5 3.8
Cultural Activities and Entertainments 1.1 1.3 2.1 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.9 1.6 0.9 1.7
Non-Durable Household Goods
and Services 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.0 0.9 1.2
Clothing Textile and Footwear 2.3 3.0 3.7 2.9 2.4 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.5 3.0 3.7 2.9
Durable Household Goods 2.0 2.6 2.1 2.5 1.5 2.8 2.3 2.5 3.1 4.5 2.5 4.1
Other Miscellaneous Expenses 10.8 9.3 8.4 9.5 9.2 11.5 10.1 10.9 7.8 11.9 9.7 10.8
Other Rare Expenses 4.2 5.7 6.7 5.5 6.4 7.5 5.7 7.2 7.1 9.1 6.1 8.6
Liquor, Narcotic Drugs and Tobacco 1.5 2.1 5.1 2.1 1.0 1.8 5.4 1.7 1.4 2.0 5.5 1.9
(a) Excluding Mannar, Kilinochchi and Mullaitivu districts. Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey
2009/10, 2012/13 and 2016,
140
Table 13.6(B)
Key Socio-Economic Indicators by Provinces – 2012/13

Number of Individuals per Household 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9
Household 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.8

By Gender, %
Male 47.5 46.6 47.0 47.0 46.4 47.0 47.1 47.1 47.4 47.1
Female 52.5 53.4 53.0 53.0 53.6 53.0 52.9 52.9 52.6 52.9
By Age Group, %
0 – 14 Years 23.8 26.7 25.7 26.9 31.2 25.8 27.2 28.2 24.1 25.9
15 – 59 Years 61.4 59.6 59.1 60.6 60.0 61.3 61.5 59.8 60.7 60.6
Over 59 Years 14.7 13.8 15.2 12.5 8.9 12.9 11.2 11.9 15.2 13.6
No Schooling 2.2 5.2 4.0 2.1 4.4 3.5 3.6 6.3 4.5 3.7
Up to Grade 5 18.3 27.0 25.4 27.1 33.8 25.1 28.3 29.7 25.7 24.7
Grade 6 – 10 41.5 42.7 43.1 47.7 40.7 46.3 47.3 45.5 45.0 43.6
Passed G.C.E. (O/L) 19.5 13.6 15.6 13.9 13.1 14.3 13.4 10.8 14.6 15.5
Passed G.C.E. (A/L) and Above 18.4 11.5 11.8 9.3 8.0 10.7 7.4 7.7 10.1 12.4

Income
Per Household 64,152 40,146 41,834 34,286 30,676 42,756 36,632 35,638 40,375 45,878
Per Person 16,124 10,104 10,973 8,339 7,622 11,596 9,877 9,382 10,718 11,819
Per Income Receiver 33,564 22,292 23,606 18,916 19,836 25,854 21,848 21,909 23,134 25,963
Per Household 42,100 28,900 28,921 23,571 22,710 29,343 29,707 24,228 27,775 30,814
Per Person 10,567 7,150 7,624 5,540 5,385 7,927 7,824 6,110 7,229 7,881
Richest 20% 53.1 49.6 50.9 53.0 49.8 52.0 44.5 53.8 51.9 52.9
Poorest 20% 5.0 5.0 5.2 3.8 4.2 4.4 5.5 4.1 5.1 4.5
Middle 60% 41.9 45.4 43.9 43.2 46.0 43.6 50.1 42.1 43.0 42.6
Gini Coefficient (Households) 0.47 0.44 0.45 0.48 0.45 0.47 0.39 0.48 0.46 0.48
Gini Coefficient (Per Person) 0.46 0.43 0.44 0.47 0.44 0.47 0.38 0.47 0.44 0.46
Gini Coefficient (Income Receivers) 0.54 0.50 0.51 0.57 0.50 0.53 0.47 0.54 0.52 0.53

Per Household 58,298 38,989 36,430 34,562 30,886 37,665 33,935 28,867 32,376 41,444
All Food 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Cereal 13.2 20.3 15.9 20.5 15.8 16.4 19.8 22.5 19.0 16.7
Prepared Foods 16.2 8.2 9.2 8.8 9.6 10.2 6.2 7.5 10.1 11.3
Pulses 3.2 4.3 3.8 3.3 1.9 3.2 3.9 4.6 4.2 3.5
Vegetables 7.4 8.6 8.5 6.2 7.4 8.5 9.6 10.7 8.8 8.2
Meat 4.6 4.4 2.0 4.9 7.3 4.9 4.0 2.9 3.0 4.3
Fish 10.2 4.9 10.5 13.1 13.3 9.4 8.8 5.4 5.3 9.1
Dried Fish 4.5 4.1 4.5 0.5 2.1 5.5 4.6 3.7 5.2 4.2
Coconut 5.5 5.9 7.1 6.4 5.8 6.4 7.3 5.1 7.7 6.2
Condiments 8.1 9.0 10.5 8.7 11.2 9.1 9.7 8.3 9.1 9.0
Milk & Milk Products 10.0 9.7 9.5 7.8 6.9 7.5 7.1 8.4 8.4 8.9
Fat and Oil 1.7 3.2 2.0 3.3 3.0 2.3 3.2 3.6 2.7 2.4
Sugar, Juggery & Treacle 2.5 3.2 3.3 4.0 3.5 3.1 3.6 2.9 3.1 3.0
Fruits 3.2 2.8 3.3 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.5 2.9 2.5 2.9
Other 9.7 11.5 9.7 9.9 9.3 10.6 9.7 11.4 10.8 10.2
All Non-Food 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Housing 20.8 18.0 17.3 9.3 15.0 14.6 14.0 16.8 17.9 18.1
Fuel and Light 6.8 6.2 5.7 10.6 12.3 5.7 6.1 6.3 6.6 6.8
Personal Care and Health Expenses 8.7 7.4 7.8 9.5 12.0 8.2 8.2 5.5 9.0 8.5
Transport 13.0 13.1 11.7 11.0 11.6 15.5 14.7 14.6 14.4 13.3
Communication 3.5 3.4 3.1 4.1 3.8 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.5
Education 6.4 5.3 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.2 4.5 5.4 5.6
Cultural Activities and Entertainment 2.2 2.3 2.2 1.8 1.2 1.3 2.2 1.6 1.6 2.0
& Services 2.0 1.8 1.7 2.5 2.3 2.0 2.1 2.4 1.7 2.0
Clothing, Textile and Footwear 3.4 5.4 4.9 6.2 8.4 5.0 5.9 6.0 5.3 4.6
Durable Household Goods 3.1 3.9 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5 5.6 6.0 4.6 3.9
Other Miscellaneous Expenses 17.3 17.0 18.2 15.8 11.7 19.5 21.5 14.2 18.4 17.5
Other Rare Expenses 11.0 12.7 14.0 17.0 8.9 12.3 9.1 12.6 7.6 11.5
Liquor, Narcotic Drugs and Tobacco 1.7 3.5 3.3 2.7 3.4 3.2 3.0 6.0 4.0 2.7
Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey

2012/13, Department of Census and Statistics
141
Table 13.6(B) (Contd.)

Key Socio-Economic Indicators by Province – 2016

Number of Individuals per Household 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8
Household 1.9 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8

By Gender, %
Male 47.8 45.9 47.3 47.3 46.4 46.2 45.4 46.8 46.3 46.8
Female 52.2 54.1 52.7 52.7 53.6 53.8 54.6 53.2 53.7 53.2
By Age Group, %
0 – 14 Years 23.4 26.7 25.4 25.3 28.9 24.8 29.4 25.9 23.6 25.3
15 – 59 Years 60.1 56.9 57.6 59.9 61.1 59.6 58.1 59.9 59.3 59.2
Over 59 Years 16.5 16.5 17.0 14.8 10.0 15.6 12.5 14.2 17.1 15.5
No Schooling 2.0 5.0 3.6 1.9 3.9 3.1 3.1 5.1 4.4 3.3
Up to Grade 5 18.0 26.2 23.9 25.6 32.0 23.9 25.6 25.6 24.4 23.5
Grade 6 – 10 42.8 41.8 43.4 51.0 40.6 45.6 49.1 45.4 44.6 44.1
Passed G.C.E. (O/L) 18.6 13.8 15.8 10.8 14.9 13.5 11.8 13.9 14.7 15.3
Passed G.C.E. (A/L) and Above 18.6 13.0 13.2 10.7 8.5 13.8 10.2 9.9 11.8 13.8

Income
Per Household 84,231 53,053 59,375 46,081 43,168 60,398 60,298 51,635 49,057 62,237
Per Person 21,665 13,729 15,730 11,384 11,259 16,671 16,567 13,867 13,157 16,377
Per Household 57,514 40,010 43,605 34,500 32,621 41,977 42,092 36,597 37,043 43,511
Per Person 14,400 9,890 11,253 8,434 8,261 11,420 11,248 10,139 9,711 11,307
Richest 20% 51.2 47.5 48.2 48.4 47.6 51.5 51.6 49.8 47.0 50.8
Poorest 20% 5.3 5.2 5.6 4.3 5.2 4.5 4.7 4.3 5.5 4.8
Middle 60% 43.4 47.2 46.2 47.3 47.2 44.0 43.7 45.9 47.5 44.4
Gini Coefficient (Households) 0.45 0.42 0.42 0.44 0.42 0.46 0.46 0.45 0.41 0.45
Gini Coefficient (Per Person) 0.45 0.41 0.40 0.41 0.40 0.44 0.45 0.42 0.39 0.44
Gini Coefficient (Income Receivers) 0.51 0.49 0.49 0.52 0.46 0.53 0.53 0.50 0.47 0.51

Per Household 74,505 50,334 52,271 42,537 38,407 55,514 48,176 39,140 42,810 54,999
All Food 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Cereal 12.5 19.0 14.3 20.1 13.9 15.1 18.1 20.6 18.7 15.5
Prepared Foods 15.7 9.3 11.0 9.2 11.4 12.1 8.6 7.1 8.8 11.8
Pulses 3.3 4.3 4.0 3.9 2.2 3.2 3.6 4.5 4.7 3.6
Vegetables 8.7 10.8 10.3 7.8 9.0 9.8 10.7 13.1 11.8 9.9
Meat 5.1 5.2 2.7 5.4 8.4 4.9 4.7 3.4 3.1 4.8
Fish 9.9 6.1 11.0 13.2 14.9 9.3 9.6 6.5 5.9 9.5
Dried Fish 4.1 4.1 4.1 0.6 2.1 5.4 4.4 3.8 5.4 4.0
Eggs 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1
Coconut 5.2 5.7 6.8 5.4 4.7 5.9 6.4 4.8 7.7 5.8
Condiments 9.2 9.6 11.2 9.8 10.5 10.2 9.4 10.0 9.8 9.8
Milk & Milk Products 9.2 8.6 8.5 7.6 6.7 7.0 6.7 7.9 7.6 8.2
Fat and Oil 2.2 2.9 1.9 3.2 2.6 2.1 3.1 4.0 2.6 2.5
Sugar, Juggery & Treacle 1.8 2.2 2.6 3.2 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3
Fruits 3.8 2.8 3.2 2.6 2.4 3.1 2.9 3.5 2.9 3.2
Other 8.3 8.2 7.3 7.0 7.3 8.8 8.2 7.2 7.4 8.0
All Non-Food 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Housing 24.9 18.5 15.8 8.8 16.2 12.8 13.2 17.2 16.7 19.2
Fuel and Light 5.0 4.9 4.0 7.2 9.2 4.0 4.1 4.7 4.6 4.9
Personal Care and Health Expenses 6.8 7.2 7.4 10.9 7.3 7.2 6.0 5.6 6.8 7.0
Transport 12.9 12.1 10.9 11.4 11.9 12.5 12.6 13.1 13.1 12.4
Communication 3.2 3.2 2.4 3.8 3.8 2.7 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0
Education 6.2 6.3 5.0 6.9 6.0 4.9 4.5 5.7 5.6 5.8
Cultural Activities and Entertainment 2.8 2.1 2.6 1.7 1.1 2.0 1.7 2.3 4.5 2.5
& Services 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8
Clothing, Textile and Footwear 3.4 5.0 4.4 5.9 7.9 4.2 5.4 6.0 5.2 4.4
Durable Household Goods 4.9 4.9 9.2 5.4 6.2 10.3 5.7 4.5 6.5 6.3
Other Miscellaneous Expenses 14.4 18.4 17.6 17.7 12.8 19.6 22.1 16.3 17.0 16.6
Other Rare Expenses 11.7 12.5 16.0 15.1 12.3 14.9 16.7 11.8 11.8 13.1
Liquor, Narcotic Drugs and Tobacco 1.9 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.6 7.6 3.4 2.9
Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016,
142
Table 13.7
General Education 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Total No. of Schools 10,445 10,205 10,502 10,548 10,737 10,849 10,971 10,997 11,021 11,053
Government Schools 9,662 9,410 9,685 9,731 9,905 10,012 10,121 10,144 10,162 10,194
Other Schools 783 795 817 817 832 837 850 853 859 859
Pirivena Schools 691 697 719 720 734 734 747 749 754 753
Private and Special Schools 92 98 98 97 98 103 103 104 105 106

Classification of Govt. Schools(b) 9,662 9,410 9,685 9,731 9,905 10,012 10,121 10,144 10,162 10,194
1A & B Schools 698 702 716 716 748 868 974 1,004 1,016 1,029
1C Schools 1,937 1,944 2,005 2,027 2,038 1,910 1,814 1,801 1,805 1,818
Type 2 Schools 4,166 4,043 4,094 4,131 3,910 3,730 3,584 3,462 3,408 3,287
Type 3 Schools 2,861 2,721 2,870 2,857 3,209 3,504 3,749 3,877 3,933 4,060
Total No. of Pupils 4,101,586 4,037,896 4,119,525 4,155,255 4,194,336 4,233,555 4,273,065 4,330,368 4,345,740 4,367,493
Government Schools 3,930,451 3,864,824 3,940,072 3,972,983 4,004,059 4,037,095 4,078,798 4,129,534 4,143,330 4,165,964
Other Schools 171,135 173,072 179,453 182,272 190,277 196,460 194,267 200,834 202,410 201,529
Pirivena Schools 56,065 58,098 62,091 62,645 64,608 66,116 62,870 64,606 66,003 62,872
Private and Special Schools 115,070 114,974 117,362 119,627 125,669 130,344 131,397 136,228 136,407 138,657
New Admissions(c) 326,466 329,832 332,562 331,491 339,143 342,451 349,182 334,877 317,895 322,135
Total No. of Teachers 224,410 225,951 224,541 228,672 235,924 236,131 245,628 247,453 245,930 255,037
Government Schools(d) 213,212 214,307 212,457 216,397 223,724 223,752 232,990 233,883 232,555 241,591
Other Schools 11,198 11,644 12,084 12,275 12,200 12,379 12,638 13,570 13,375 13,446
Pirivena Schools 5,744 5,943 6,090 6,487 6,086 6,062 6,162 6,495 6,503 6,414
Private and Special Schools 5,454 5,701 5,994 5,788 6,114 6,317 6,476 7,075 6,872 7,032

Pupil / Teacher Ratio
(All Schools) 18.3 17.9 18.3 18.6 17.8 17.9 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.2
Note : Schools in Kilinochchi and Mullaitivu districts were temporarily closed at the census Source : Ministry of Education
date (2009.06.01) in 2009.
(a) Provisional
(b) Classification of Schools:
1A&B – Schools having GCE (A/L) Science classes
1C – Schools having GCE (A/L) Arts / Commerce classes / No Science classes
Type 2 – Schools having classes up to Grade 11.
Type 3 – Schools having classes only up to Grade 5.
(c) Government schools only.
(d) Teachers in functioning and temporary closed schools.
Total No. of Pupils & Pupils per Teacher Ratio (All Schools)
4,400,000 19.0
18.5
Pupil / Teacher Ratio
Total No. of Pupils
4,200,000
18.0
17.5
4,000,000
17.0
3,800,000 16.5
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Total No. of Pupils Pupil / Teacher Ratio

143
Table 13.8
Government School Teachers and Pupils by Province and District 2010 – 2017
’000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)

Province / District
T P T P T P T P T P T P T P T P
Western 39 916 41 929 43 938 43 946 46 956 45 969 44 969 46 965

Colombo 15 362 16 366 17 369 17 372 18 376 18 380 17 380 18 375
Gampaha 15 344 15 348 16 351 16 353 17 357 16 362 16 361 17 362
Kalutara 10 210 10 215 10 218 11 220 11 223 11 227 11 228 12 228

Central 30 522 30 523 32 526 32 530 32 535 34 543 33 544 34 548
Kandy 16 271 16 269 16 270 16 272 17 274 17 278 17 279 18 282
Matale 6 95 6 96 6 97 6 98 6 99 7 101 7 101 7 104
Nuwara Eliya 9 156 9 157 9 159 9 160 9 162 10 164 10 164 10 162

Southern 29 504 29 506 29 511 29 513 30 519 29 524 29 526 30 532
Galle 11 218 11 217 11 219 11 220 12 223 11 224 11 223 12 225
Matara 10 160 10 162 10 163 10 164 10 164 10 167 10 167 10 168
Hambantota 8 126 8 126 8 130 8 130 8 132 8 134 8 136 8 138

Northern 14 240 14 248 15 249 15 250 16 249 16 247 17 243 18 241
Jaffna 8 130 7 131 7 128 7 125 8 123 8 121 8 118 9 116
Kilinochchi 1 26 2 28 2 29 2 31 2 32 2 32 2 33 2 32
Mannar 1 28 2 29 2 28 2 29 2 29 2 27 2 27 2 27
Mullaitivu 3 12 1 20 1 23 2 26 2 28 2 28 2 28 2 28
Vavuniya 1 43 2 41 2 39 2 39 3 38 3 38 3 37 3 37

Eastern 20 386 20 385 21 386 21 388 21 389 21 392 21 394 22 395
Batticaloa 6 131 6 130 7 130 7 130 7 130 7 131 7 132 7 131
Ampara 9 155 9 156 9 158 9 159 9 161 9 161 9 162 9 165
Trincomalee 5 100 5 98 5 98 5 99 5 98 5 100 5 100 5 99

North Western 27 473 27 476 28 479 27 486 28 492 28 502 28 505 28 509
Kurunegala 20 313 20 317 20 319 20 323 20 329 20 334 20 337 20 341
Puttalam 7 160 7 159 8 160 7 163 8 164 8 168 8 168 8 168

North Central 14 254 15 259 15 266 16 270 17 273 17 279 17 287 17 292
Anuradhapura 11 176 11 179 11 184 11 187 12 189 12 193 12 199 12 202
Polonnaruwa 4 79 4 80 4 82 4 84 5 83 5 86 5 88 5 90

Uva 18 277 18 279 19 278 19 280 20 283 20 287 20 288 21 291
Badulla 12 182 12 184 13 183 13 183 13 185 13 186 13 186 14 185
Moneragala 6 95 6 95 6 95 6 97 6 98 6 101 6 103 7 105

Sabaragamuwa 21 368 22 367 22 371 23 374 23 383 24 387 24 387 25 393
Ratnapura 11 209 11 207 12 209 12 210 12 215 13 218 13 219 13 223
Kegalle 10 159 10 160 10 162 11 165 11 168 11 168 11 168 12 170

Total 212 3,940 216 3,973 224 4,004 224 4,037 233 4,079 234 4,130 233 4,143 242 4,166
Note : Schools in Kilinochchi and Mullaitivu districts were temporarily closed Source : Ministry of Education
at the census date (2009.06.01) in 2009.
T : Teachers
P : Pupils
(a) Provisional
144
Table 13.9(A)
Government Schools by Size of Student Population – 2016
Numbers
Above 3,500
1,001 – 1,500
1,501 – 2,000
2,001 – 2,500
2,501 – 3,000
3,001 – 3,500
501 – 1,000
101 – 500
Province / District
0 – 100
Total
Western
201 603 265 112 61 45 20 19 34 1,360
Colombo 41 164 85 37 23 16 9 10 20 405
Gampaha 59 249 116 48 23 21 7 6 7 536
Kalutara 101 190 64 27 15 8 4 3 7 419

Central 494 713 199 58 21 17 8 4 7 1,521
Kandy 183 306 98 30 10 7 7 2 7 650
Matale 117 153 29 11 4 8 0 1 0 323
Nuwara Eliya 194 254 72 17 7 2 1 1 0 548

Southern 302 527 152 56 29 13 14 6 15 1,114
Galle 115 200 56 22 14 6 7 2 9 431
Matara 102 167 55 14 10 7 3 3 2 363
Hambantota 85 160 41 20 5 0 4 1 4 320

Northern 411 433 89 21 8 7 1 1 0 971
Jaffna 172 204 39 16 3 4 1 0 0 439
Kilinochchi 31 51 19 2 0 1 0 0 0 104
Mannar 65 56 9 0 3 0 0 0 0 133
Mullaitivu 52 57 11 2 1 0 0 0 0 123
Vavuniya 91 65 11 1 1 2 0 1 0 172

Eastern 309 556 168 37 16 14 3 3 0 1,106
Batticaloa 103 167 63 10 6 7 1 0 0 357
Ampara 113 230 60 19 8 2 2 3 0 437
Trincomalee 93 159 45 8 2 5 0 0 0 312

North Western 327 658 163 44 32 12 11 3 9 1,259
Kurunegala 268 450 100 24 20 9 10 3 6 890
Puttalam 59 208 63 20 12 3 1 0 3 369

North Central 256 392 106 21 15 6 2 3 4 805
Anuradhapura 176 272 74 14 9 5 1 2 4 557
Polonnaruwa 80 120 32 7 6 1 1 1 0 248

Uva 285 436 125 23 11 8 5 0 2 895
Badulla 204 291 74 14 6 6 4 0 2 601
Moneragala 81 145 51 9 5 2 1 0 0 294

Sabaragamuwa 413 516 113 44 18 9 7 6 5 1,131
Ratnapura 207 274 66 28 13 6 2 2 3 601
Kegalle 206 242 47 16 5 3 5 4 2 530

Total 2,998 4,834 1,380 416 211 131 71 45 76 10,162
Source : Ministry of Education

145
Table 13.9(B)
Government Schools by Size of Student Population – 2017(a)
Numbers
Above 3,500
1,001 – 1,500
1,501 – 2,000
2,001 – 2,500
2,501 – 3,000
3,001 – 3,500
501 – 1,000
101 – 500
Province / District
0 – 100
Total
Western
201 607 262 112 58 40 21 24 34 1,359
Colombo 38 167 87 37 19 13 9 16 18 404
Gampaha 61 250 115 48 21 20 8 6 8 537
Kalutara 102 190 60 27 18 7 4 2 8 418

Central 503 704 193 61 22 17 9 2 8 1,519
Kandy 186 305 90 32 12 8 7 1 8 649
Matale 115 153 29 10 6 7 0 1 0 321
Nuwara Eliya 202 246 74 19 4 2 2 0 0 549

Southern 291 537 145 58 33 13 12 7 16 1,112
Galle 110 204 56 21 16 6 6 1 10 430
Matara 97 171 49 17 11 7 3 4 2 361
Hambantota 84 162 40 20 6 0 3 2 4 321

Northern 443 423 93 20 9 8 0 1 0 997
Jaffna 194 196 38 15 5 5 0 0 0 453
Kilinochchi 32 48 21 2 0 1 0 0 0 104
Mannar 68 57 9 1 2 0 0 0 0 137
Mullaitivu 50 58 13 1 1 0 0 0 0 123
Vavuniya 99 64 12 1 1 2 0 1 0 180

Eastern 324 545 168 33 19 14 3 4 0 1,110
Batticaloa 107 167 63 6 9 6 1 0 359
Ampara 119 223 59 20 8 3 2 4 0 438
Trincomalee 98 155 46 7 2 5 0 0 0 313

North Western 323 654 166 50 27 10 11 6 9 1,256
Kurunegala 261 452 97 30 16 7 10 6 6 885
Puttalam 62 202 69 20 11 3 1 0 3 371

North Central 254 393 114 19 17 5 3 2 5 812
Anuradhapura 179 270 79 11 11 4 2 1 5 562
Polonnaruwa 75 123 35 8 6 1 1 1 0 250

Uva 301 428 117 27 10 11 4 0 2 900
Badulla 219 286 66 16 6 8 3 0 2 606
Moneragala 82 142 51 11 4 3 1 0 0 294

Sabaragamuwa 406 514 117 45 20 4 9 9 5 1,129
Ratnapura 200 270 72 28 15 2 6 3 2 598
Kegalle 206 244 45 17 5 2 3 6 3 531

Total 3,046 4,805 1,375 425 215 122 72 55 79 10,194
(a) Provisional Source : Ministry of Education

146
Table 13.10(A)
Government School Teachers by Category of Appointment – 2016
Numbers
Province / District Graduate Trained Untrained Trainees Other Total
Western 23,931 20,096 198 50 86 44,361

Colombo 9,517 7,550 72 23 28 17,190
Gampaha 8,491 7,410 95 6 25 16,027
Kalutara 5,923 5,136 31 21 33 11,144

Central 12,841 19,489 615 496 28 33,469
Kandy 7,392 9,216 258 125 9 17,000
Matale 2,727 3,686 96 48 8 6,565
Nuwara Eliya 2,722 6,587 261 323 11 9,904

Southern 12,791 15,922 185 109 20 29,027
Galle 4,743 6,236 96 33 1 11,109
Matara 4,588 5,281 46 48 12 9,975
Hambantota 3,460 4,405 43 28 7 7,943

Northern 6,183 9,661 159 384 172 16,559
Jaffna 3,749 4,187 53 32 16 8,037
Kilinochchi 607 1,207 5 221 4 2,044
Mannar 569 1,279 50 35 9 1,942
Mullaitivu 503 1,162 17 92 81 1,855
Vavuniya 755 1,826 34 4 62 2,681

Eastern 7,192 13,271 267 71 53 20,854
Batticaloa 2,817 3,835 79 15 4 6,750
Ampara 2,883 5,913 92 32 22 8,942
Trincomalee 1,492 3,523 96 24 27 5,162

North Western 11,798 15,564 354 57 32 27,805
Kurunegala 8,614 10,846 253 35 16 19,764
Puttalam 3,184 4,718 101 22 16 8,041

North Central 6,971 9,508 108 56 56 16,699
Anuradhapura 4,841 7,021 61 29 52 12,004
Polonnaruwa 2,130 2,487 47 27 4 4,695

Uva 7,562 11,219 370 443 207 19,801
Badulla 4,832 7,820 229 343 168 13,392
Moneragala 2,730 3,399 141 100 39 6,409

Sabaragamuwa 10,455 13,127 170 221 7 23,980
Ratnapura 5,113 7,383 65 121 3 12,685
Kegalle 5,342 5,744 105 100 4 11,295

Total 99,724 127,857 2,426 1,887 661 232,555
Source : Ministry of Education

147
Table 13.10(B)
Government School Teachers by Category of Appointment – 2017(a)
Numbers
Province / District Graduate Trained Untrained Trainees Other Total
Western 25,263 20,103 261 50 148 45,825

Colombo 9,917 7,646 94 13 70 17,740
Gampaha 9,143 7,278 102 26 30 16,579
Kalutara 6,203 5,179 65 11 48 11,506

Central 13,548 19,424 690 352 44 34,058
Kandy 7,976 9,153 309 94 22 17,554
Matale 2,695 3,699 131 40 6 6,571
Nuwara Eliya 2,877 6,572 250 218 16 9,933

Southern 13,614 16,252 285 113 32 30,296
Galle 5,067 6,242 147 40 14 11,510
Matara 4,743 5,469 68 46 13 10,339
Hambantota 3,804 4,541 70 27 5 8,447

Northern 7,258 10,482 91 6 104 17,941
Jaffna 4,371 4,486 44 1 17 8,919
Kilinochchi 694 1,417 11 1 – 2,123
Mannar 676 1,351 18 2 11 2,058
Mullaitivu 632 1,305 9 2 75 2,023
Vavuniya 885 1,923 9 – 1 2,818

Eastern 7,631 13,843 242 50 44 21,810
Batticaloa 2,978 3,994 54 12 4 7,042
Ampara 3,080 6,138 117 24 20 9,379
Trincomalee 1,573 3,711 71 14 20 5,389

North Western 12,251 15,345 515 73 55 28,239
Kurunegala 8,908 10,607 372 44 30 19,961
Puttalam 3,343 4,738 143 29 25 8,278

North Central 7,597 9,542 186 46 69 17,440
Anuradhapura 5,230 6,980 125 22 63 12,420
Polonnaruwa 2,367 2,562 61 24 6 5,020

Uva 7,949 11,658 664 478 94 20,843
Badulla 5,053 8,065 410 409 72 14,009
Moneragala 2,896 3,593 254 69 22 6,834

Sabaragamuwa 11,645 12,989 377 125 3 25,139
Ratnapura 5,631 7,286 136 73 1 13,127
Kegalle 6,014 5,703 241 52 2 12,012

Total 106,756 129,638 3,311 1,293 593 241,591

148
Table 13.11
New Admissions in Government Schools – 2017(a)
Numbers
Sinhala Medium Tamil Medium English Medium All Students

Province / District
Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
Western
32,546 31,980 64,526 3,245 3,478 6,723 0 0 0 35,791 35,458 71,249
Colombo 11,675 11,281 22,956 1,412 1,439 2,851 0 0 0 13,087 12,720 25,807
Gampaha 12,964 13,228 26,192 682 774 1,456 0 0 0 13,646 14,002 27,648
Kalutara 7,907 7,471 15,378 1,151 1,265 2,416 0 0 0 9,058 8,736 17,794

Central 13,889 13,513 27,402 7,521 7,550 15,071 0 0 0 21,410 21,063 42,473
Kandy 7,885 7,739 15,624 2,666 2,758 5,424 0 0 0 10,551 10,497 21,048
Matale 3,578 3,365 6,943 808 747 1,555 0 0 0 4,386 4,112 8,498
Nuwara Eliya 2,426 2,409 4,835 4,047 4,045 8,092 0 0 0 6,473 6,454 12,927

Southern 20,468 19,698 40,166 560 597 1,157 0 0 0 21,028 20,295 41,323
Galle 8,639 8,331 16,970 185 211 396 0 0 0 8,824 8,542 17,366
Matara 6,197 5,946 12,143 306 323 629 0 0 0 6,503 6,269 12,772
Hambantota 5,632 5,421 11,053 69 63 132 0 0 0 5,701 5,484 11,185

Northern 264 271 535 8,213 7,971 16,184 0 0 0 8,477 8,242 16,719
Jaffna 0 0 0 4,127 4,007 8,134 0 0 0 4,127 4,007 8,134
Kilinochchi 0 0 0 905 915 1,820 0 0 0 905 915 1,820
Mannar 0 0 0 900 889 1,789 0 0 0 900 889 1,789
Mullaitivu 101 97 198 932 853 1,785 0 0 0 1,033 950 1,983
Vavuniya 163 174 337 1,349 1,307 2,656 0 0 0 1,512 1,481 2,993

Eastern 3,475 3,452 6,927 12,041 11,664 23,705 0 0 0 15,516 15,116 30,632
Batticaloa 26 18 44 4,959 4,732 9,691 0 0 0 4,985 4,750 9,735
Ampara 2,451 2,415 4,866 4,280 4,072 8,352 0 0 0 6,731 6,487 13,218
Trincomalee 998 1,019 2,017 2,802 2,860 5,662 0 0 0 3,800 3,879 7,679

North Western 17,949 17,106 35,055 2,811 2,776 5,587 0 0 0 20,760 19,882 40,642
Kurunegala 12,712 12,187 24,899 1,062 1,019 2,081 0 0 0 13,774 13,206 26,980
Puttalam 5,237 4,919 10,156 1,749 1,757 3,506 0 0 0 6,986 6,676 13,662

North Central 11,479 11,220 22,699 1,046 1,036 2,082 0 0 0 12,525 12,256 24,781
Anuradhapura 7,983 7,796 15,779 648 661 1,309 0 0 0 8,631 8,457 17,088
Polonnaruwa 3,496 3,424 6,920 398 375 773 0 0 0 3,894 3,799 7,693

Uva 9,670 9,327 18,997 2,155 2,196 4,351 0 0 0 11,825 11,523 23,348
Badulla 5,159 4,980 10,139 1,934 1,960 3,894 0 0 0 7,093 6,940 14,033
Moneragala 4,511 4,347 8,858 221 236 457 0 0 0 4,732 4,583 9,315

Sabaragamuwa 13,736 13,387 27,123 1,943 1,902 3,845 0 0 0 15,679 15,289 30,968
Ratnapura 8,163 7,935 16,098 899 868 1,767 0 0 0 9,062 8,803 17,865
Kegalle 5,573 5,452 11,025 1,044 1,034 2,078 0 0 0 6,617 6,486 13,103

Total
123,476 119,954 243,430 39,535 39,170 78,705 0 0 0 163,011 159,124 322,135

149
Table 13.12
Government Schools by Type, Pupils and Teachers – 2016 & 2017
Schools Pupils Teachers

Types of Schools Pupils per
having classes No. Percentage No. Percentage No. Percentage Teacher
Year 2016
GCE (A/L) Science (1AB) 1,016 10.0 1,626,565 39.3 76,012 32.7 21.4
GCE (A/L) Arts/Commerce
(Other than Science) (1C) 1,805 17.8 1,034,743 25.0 60,001 25.8 17.2
Upto year 11 (Type 2) 3,408 33.5 826,255 19.9 61,586 26.5 13.4
From years 1 to 5 or years
1 to 8 (Type 3) 3,933 38.7 655,767 15.8 34,956 15.0 18.8
All Government Schools 10,162 100.0 4,143,330 100.0 232,555 100.0 17.8

Year 2017(a)
GCE (A/L) Science (1AB) 1,029 10.1 1,657,886 39.8 80,520 33.3 20.6
GCE (A/L) Arts/Commerce
(Other than Science) (1C) 1,818 17.8 1,033,277 24.8 62,052 25.7 16.7
Upto year 11 (Type 2) 3,287 32.2 793,746 19.1 61,593 25.5 12.9
From years 1 to 5 or years
1 to 8 (Type 3) 4,060 39.8 681,055 16.3 37,426 15.5 18.2
All Government Schools 10,194 100.0 4,165,964 100.0 241,591 100.0 68.4
Table 13.13
Performance of Candidates – GCE (O/L) (a)
and GCE (A/L) – 2012 - 2017
Numbers
Item 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
School candidates sat for GCE (O/L) 294,338 287,040 277,414 290,929 286,251 312,464
Percentage of qualifying for GCE (A/L) 62.39 64.21 66.55 67.15 69.94 71.03
All candidates sat for GCE (O/L) 312,832 308,054 298,549 314,635 293,218 326,424
Percentage of qualifying for GCE (A/L) 60.87 62.42 64.51 64.81 69.68 70.11
School candidates sat for GCE (A/L) 196,954 209,906 207,304 210,340 211,865 206,630
School candidates qualifying

to enter University 124,434 122,913 126,971 131,137 134,238 136,421
Percentage of qualifying
to enter University 63.18 58.56 61.25 62.35 63.36 66.02
All candidates sat for GCE (A/L) 233,632 246,680 247,376 255,191 258,193 253,330
All candidates qualifying to enter University 144,819 143,695 149,489 155,447 160,520 163,104
Percentage of qualifying to enter University 61.99 58.25 60.43 60.91 62.17 64.38
(a) 5 or more subjects. Source : Department of Examinations

150
Table 13.14
GCE (O/L) Examination – 2014 - 2017
Performance of School Candidates
2014 2015 2016 2017
Qualified for Qualified for Qualified for Qualified for

Province No. Sat No. Sat No. Sat No. Sat
(5 or more GCE (A/L) (5 or more GCE (A/L) (5 or more GCE (A/L) (5 or more GCE (A/L)
subjects) subjects) subjects) subjects)
No. % No. % No. % No. %
Western 71,981 50,112 69.62 76,264 54,023 70.84 75,414 54,994 72.92 81,560 59,484 72.93
Central 37,148 23,488 63.23 37,557 24,134 64.26 37,665 25,932 68.85 41,114 28,501 69.32
Southern 35,658 25,234 70.77 36,586 26,735 73.07 34,994 26,828 76.66 37,539 29,162 77.68
Northern 16,919 10,268 60.69 19,400 11,113 57.28 17,413 10,562 60.66 19,877 12,490 62.84
Eastern 21,331 13,898 65.15 22,807 14,169 62.13 23,744 14,617 61.56 25,599 16,927 66.12
North Western 31,609 21,598 68.33 33,473 22,687 67.78 33,833 23,896 70.63 36,330 26,441 72.78
North Central 17,883 11,227 62.78 17,980 11,584 64.43 19,041 12,632 66.34 20,908 14,177 67.81
Uva 19,066 11,814 61.96 20,042 12,708 63.41 18,558 12,630 68.06 20,947 14,089 67.26
Sabaragamuwa 25,819 16,982 65.77 26,820 18,205 67.88 25,589 18,117 70.80 28,590 20,685 72.35
Sri Lanka 277,414 184,621 66.55 290,929 195,358 67.15 286,251 200,208 69.94 312,464 221,956 71.03
Source : Department of Examinations
Table 13.15
GCE (A/L) Examination – 2014 - 2017
Performance of School Candidates
2014 2015 2016 2017
Qualified for Qualified for Qualified for Qualified for

University University University University
Province
No. Sat Entrance No. Sat Entrance No. Sat Entrance No. Sat Entrance
No. % No. % No. % No. %
Western 55,376 33,330 60.19 56,521 35,516 62.84 57,254 36,860 64.38 55,573 36,898 66.40
Central 25,975 15,547 59.85 26,046 15,967 61.30 26,654 16,524 61.99 26,633 17,509 65.74
Southern 30,083 18,707 62.18 29,945 18,668 62.34 29,620 18,894 63.79 29,581 19,367 65.47
Northern 12,330 7,910 64.15 12,684 8,274 65.23 12,327 7,955 64.53 11,591 7,925 68.37
Eastern 14,267 8,817 61.80 14,658 9,043 61.69 14,979 9,292 62.03 14,551 9,089 62.46
North Western 23,404 13,977 59.72 24,032 14,455 60.15 23,833 14,661 61.52 22,929 15,257 66.54
North Central 11,775 6,961 59.12 11,910 7,094 59.56 12,307 7,294 59.27 12,130 7,643 63.01
Uva 13,764 8,523 61.92 14,093 8,852 62.81 14,393 9,110 63.29 13,613 9,157 67.27
Sabaragamuwa 20,330 13,199 64.92 20,451 13,268 64.88 20,498 13,648 66.58 20,029 13,576 67.78
Sri Lanka 207,304 126,971 61.25 210,340 131,137 62.35 211,865 134,238 63.36 206,630 136,421 66.02
Source : Department of Examinations

151
Table 13.16
University Education(a) 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(b)
No. of Universities 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
No. of other Higher
Educational Institutions(c) 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 19
No. of Students
(Undergraduates) 79,644 82,375 86,216 92,572 88,713(d) 97,119 104,455 109,182 110,287 116,388
University 66,891 68,768 70,477 74,440 70,222 77,126 80,222 83,778 84,451 88,855
Institutes 2,600 2,703 2,921 3,217 3,073 3,254 3,317 3,307 3,290 3,389
Open University 10,153 10,904 12,818 14,915 15,418 16,739 20,916 22,097 22,546 24,144
No. of Lecturers 4,281 4,419 4,341 4,513 4,718 4,921 5,024 5,199 5,440 5,498
University 3,836 3,938 3,865 4,021 4,223 4,411 4,502 4,661 4,863 4,962
Institutes 192 204 211 217 219 221 234 242 268 280
Open University 253 277 265 275 276 289 288 296 309 256
New Admissions for
basic Degrees(e) 20,069 20,846 21,547 22,016 28,908(f)(g) 24,198(h) 25,200 25,676 29,083 30,668
No. Graduated(i) 12,958 13,952 13,042 16,686 20,839 29,243 29,545 28,808 11,614(j)
30,001
Arts & Oriental Studies
– B.A./B.A. Special 4,012 4,830 4,432 6,940 5,330 9,156 14,651 16,387 14,082 14,672
Commerce & Mgt. Studies
– B.Sc./B.Com./B.B.A. 2,547 2,705 2,704 2,791 1,992 4,159 5,982 5,152 5,630 5,860
Law L.L.B. 345 425 392 348 445 454 496 337 414 431
Science B.Sc.(k) 2,342 2,573 2,028 2,651 1,443 3,180 2,740 2,711 3,027 3,020
Engineering B.Sc. (Eng.) 1,114 1,157 1,307 1,346 167 1,507 1,438 1,344 1,617 1,677
Medicine M.B.B.S. 1,294 943 797 1,061 800 547 1,209 1145 1,135 1,157
Dental Surgery B.D.S. 125 71 64 65 20 73 68 79 91 97
Agriculture B.Sc. 510 513 540 595 515 727 867 710 799 952
Veterinary Science B.V. Sc.
80 39 60 58 54 59 57 69 73 87
Architecture and Quantity
Surveying B.Sc. 116 200 118 211 150 201 214 77 224 232
Computer Science/
IT/ICT/MIT 303 382 392 439 561 644 947 1,043 946 992
Indigenous Medicine 170 114 208 181 137 132 175 227 169 181
Paramedical Studies – – – – – – 399 264 601 643
Expenditure on Higher
Education, Rs.Mn.(l) 13,825 13,692 15,018 19,700 21,806 27,838 36,937 40,583 48,914 40,327
Recurrent Expenditure 10,592 11,044 12,352 14,307 16,865 21,655 25,737 30,848 34,195 29,849
Source : University Grants Commission
(a) Information given herein are only with regard to Universities and higher educational institutes established under the Universities Act. In addition, there are universities established
under various other acts of Parliament, such as Buddhasravaka Bhikshu University, Buddhist and Pali University of Sri Lanka, General Sir John Kothalawala Defence University and
University of Vocational Technology.
(b) Provisional
(c) Includes postgraduate institutes and higher educational institutions which are under UGC. Out of these institutions only 4 institutions namely Institute of Indigenous Medicine,
University of Colombo School of Computing, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute and Swamy Vipulananda Institute of Aesthetic Studies admit students for
undergraduate programmes under the UGC intake.
(d) In year 2012, student enrolment has been decreased compared to the year 2011 due to new intake (2011 A/L) of students was not admitted. However, the decrease is not
significant as the final exams and academic terms of some universities were not completed due to Academic and Non-Academic strikes in 2012.
(e) Excluding the Open University of Sri Lanka and external degree courses.
(f) Including 5,182 students admitted in addition to the normal intake due to court cases filed before the Supreme Court challenging the methodology used to calculate the
Z-score.
(g) Admission in 2012 includes the intake from the 2011 GCE (A/L) but has been admitted only in 2013, while the admissions in 2013 shows the undergraduates admitted in the First
Quarter of 2014.
(h) Shows the number of undergraduates admitted in 1st Quarter of 2014 which is relevant to the year 2013 [intake of GCE (A/L) – 2012].
(i) Includes External & Open University also.
(j) Number graduated has been decreased in 2012 as final exams were not been held in several faculties due to Academic and Non-Academic strikes in 2012.
(k) From 2007 onwards, Food Science graduates are included under B.Sc. Science.
(l) Total expenditure on University Education provides actual expenditure including generated income and other projects for the year 2016 while 2017 figures are provisional and
are based on only the government grant released to HEIs.
152
Table 13.17
Eligibility, Admission and Enrollment of Students for University Education(a)
Academic Year 2011/12 – 2016/17
2011 / 2012 2012 / 2013 2013/ 2014
Eligible(b) Admitted % Eligible(b) Admitted % Eligible(b) Admitted %
Arts Male 19,818 2,075 10.5 17,408 1,539 8.8 16,943 1,589 9.4
Female 56,020 8,222 14.7 51,695 6,456 12.5 51,352 6,638 12.9
Total 75,838 10,297 13.6 69,103 7,995 11.6 68,295 8,227 12.1
Commerce Male 13,199 2,418 18.3 18,179 2,063 11.3 16,332 2,085 12.8
Female 17,714 3,324 18.8 22,353 2,903 13.0 21,412 3,140 14.7
Total 30,913 5,742 18.6 40,532 4,966 12.3 37,744 5,225 13.8
Science Male 15,818 6,429 40.6 15,292 5,178 33.9 16,599 5,796 34.9
Female 18,411 6,396 34.7 19,166 5,994 31.3 20,118 5,860 29.1
Total 34,229 12,825 37.5 34,458 11,172 32.4 36,717 11,656 31.8
Other(c) Male 106 12 11.3 192 25 13.0 309 36 11.7
Female 325 32 9.8 531 40 7.5 675 56 8.3
Total 431 44 10.2 723 65 9.0 984 92 9.4
Total Male 48,941 10,934 22.3 51,071 8,805 17.2 50,183 9,506 18.9
Female 92,470 17,974 19.4 93,745 15,393 16.4 93,557 15,694 16.8
Total
141,411 28,908 20.4 144,816 24,198 16.7 143,740 25,200 17.5
2014 / 2015 2015 / 2016 2016 / 2017
Eligible(b) Admitted(d) % Eligible(b) Admitted(e) % Eligible(b) Admitted(f) %
Arts Male 17,078 1,577 9.2 15,709 1,756 11.2 14,798 1,676 11.3
Female 51,487 7,040 13.7 49,802 8,135 16.3 49,420 7,742 15.7
Total 68,565 8,617 12.6 65,511 9,891 15.1 64,218 9,418 14.7
Commerce Male 17,505 2,043 11.7 16,868 2,010 11.9 15,480 2,053 13.3
Female 23,097 3,256 14.1 24,050 3,431 14.3 23,288 3,740 16.1
Total 40,602 5,299 13.1 40,918 5,441 13.3 38,768 5,793 14.9
Science Male 17,561 6,036 34.4 17,774 5,797 32.6 19,197 6,441 33.6
Female 21,492 5,567 25.9 22,912 5,865 25.6 24,890 6,614 26.6
Total 39,053 11,603 29.7 40,686 11,662 28.7 44,087 13,055 29.6
Engineering Male – – – 3,214 870 27.1 5,775 1,032 17.9
Technology(g) Female – – – 733 260 35.5 936 183 19.6
Total – – – 3,947 1,130 28.6 6,711 1,215 18.1
Biosystem Male – – – 661 138 20.9 1,242 172 13.9
Technology(g) Female – – – 2,245 583 26.0 3,471 685 19.7
Total – – – 2,906 721 24.8 4,713 857 18.2
Other(c) Male 435 51 11.7 565 130 23.0 851 182 21.4
Female 917 73 8.0 1,017 80 7.9 1,169 142 12.2
Total 1,352 124 9.2 1,582 210 13.3 2,020 324 16.0
Total Male 52,579 9,707 18.5 54,791 10,701 19.5 57,343 11,556 20.2
Female 96,993 15,936 16.4 100,759 18,354 18.2 103,174 19,106 18.5
Total
149,572 25,643 17.1 155,550 29,055 18.7 160,517 30,662 19.1
Note : Undergraduate enrollment is based on the calender year and admission is based on Source : University Grants Commission
academic years relevant to their GCE (A/L) Examinations.
(a) Information given herein are only with regard to Universities and Higher Educational Institutes established under the Universities Act.
(b) ‘Eligible’ refers to all the candidates who attained the minimum requirements laid down by the UGC for admission to the Universities at the
GCE (A/L) examination.
(c) ‘Other’ refers to the odd subject combinations introduced from GCE (A/L) 2011.
(d) Excludes 33 students who admitted under foreign intake and teachers intake.
(e) Excludes 28 students who admitted under foreign intake and teachers intake.
(f) Excludes 6 students who admitted under foreign intake and teachers intake.
(g) The Technology Stream are offered from academic year 2015/2016.
153
Table 13.18
University Admissions by Province and District
Academic Year 2009/10 – 2016/17
Province / District 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Western 5,512 5,517 7,147 6,466 6,863 6,869 7,571 8,248

Colombo 2,861 2,874 3,410 3,139 3,322 3,252 3,605 3,994
Gampaha 1,627 1,618 2,187 1,969 2,172 2,206 2,475 2,662
Kalutara 1,024 1,025 1,550 1,358 1,369 1,411 1,491 1,592

Central 2,111 2,123 2,794 2,494 2,512 2,548 2,770 3,224
Kandy 1,290 1,311 1,671 1,517 1,532 1,579 1,656 1,892
Matale 357 322 504 446 421 421 457 555
Nuwara Eliya 464 490 619 531 559 548 657 777

Southern 3,553 3,497 4,503 3,754 4,047 4,042 3,898 4,525
Galle 1,585 1,543 2,055 1,512 1,776 1,865 1,606 1,924
Matara 1,243 1,228 1,464 1,390 1,402 1,310 1,359 1,575
Hambantota 725 726 984 852 869 867 933 1,026

Northern 1,532 1,526 2,139 1,576 1,567 1,589 1,851 2,039
Jaffna 967 885 1,265 881 902 950 1,121 1,190
Kilinochchi 98 168 203 153 165 146 164 209
Mannar 141 138 207 163 151 143 171 198
Mullaitivu 230 195 196 158 151 139 157 179
Vavuniya 96 140 268 221 198 211 238 263

Eastern 1,308 1,364 1,883 1,597 1,676 1,667 2,086 2,307
Batticaloa 467 456 642 515 542 572 717 785
Ampara 565 609 819 705 709 699 859 939
Trincomalee 276 299 422 377 425 396 510 583

North Western 2,226 2,189 2,958 2,447 2,457 2,520 2,761 3,142
Kurunegala 1,640 1,600 2,154 1,755 1,767 1,804 1,934 2,198
Puttalam 586 589 804 692 690 716 827 944

North Central 879 992 1,374 1,186 1,294 1,327 1,472 1,554
Anuradhapura 619 714 972 830 935 966 1,054 1,097
Polonnaruwa 260 278 402 356 359 361 418 457

Uva 1,005 1,034 1,526 1,271 1,388 1,380 1,558 1,770
Badulla 647 674 985 812 898 898 1,063 1,170
Moneragala 358 360 541 459 490 482 495 600

Sabaragamuwa 1,985 2,032 2,620 2,152 2,376 2,401 2,574 2,887
Ratnapura 1,169 1,178 1,488 1,242 1,375 1,368 1,465 1,168
Kegalle 816 854 1,132 910 1,001 1,033 1,109 1,719

Special Additional Intake(a)
1,436 1,742(b) 1,964 1,255 1,020 1,333 2,542 972
Total 21,547 22,016 28,908 24,198 25,200 25,676 29,083 30,668
Note : Information given herein are only with regard to universities and Higher Source : University Grants Commission
Educational Institutes established under the Universities Act.
(a) ‘Special and Additional Intake’ refers to the students admitted on the basis of Special Categories such as blind and differently abled, excelled
in fields other than studies, armed forces, foreign, teachers, etc., on the recommendation of the Appeals Committee and the Aditional
Intake, for special subjects such as Japanies, English, History, etc., where district has not been taken into account for selection.
(b) Students admitted under Supplementary Intake are added to this.
154
Table 13.19(A)
University Admissions by Academic Stream and District – Academic Year 2015/16
Management and
Arts(a) Law Science(b) Medicine Veterinary Science Dentistry
Commerce
District
A B A B A B A B A B A B A B
Colombo 320 53 616 322 33 22 525 304 137 77 14 5 21 5

Gampaha 508 49 256 317 17 21 181 297 38 76 0 4 0 4
Kalutara 383 25 145 167 8 11 126 159 23 41 0 2 0 3
Kandy 340 42 106 191 9 13 200 187 35 46 2 3 0 3
Matale 101 16 16 69 1 5 12 66 4 16 0 1 0 1
Nuwara Eliya 133 27 24 120 1 8 3 111 1 29 0 2 0 2
Galle 394 24 111 151 9 10 182 139 45 35 8 2 5 2
Matara 299 29 99 114 5 8 150 105 35 27 3 2 2 2
Hambantota 263 13 36 103 6 7 73 100 20 25 1 2 0 2
Jaffna 306 39 30 104 4 7 64 113 27 29 0 3 0 2
Kilinochchi 38 12 0 25 0 1 0 28 0 5 0 1 0 1
Mannar 28 11 6 23 1 1 0 34 1 5 0 1 0 1
Mullaitivu 46 10 0 20 0 1 0 27 0 4 0 1 0 1
Vavuniya 54 13 8 34 0 2 0 37 8 7 0 1 0 1
Batticaloa 259 38 10 87 2 6 7 86 15 21 0 1 0 1
Ampara 278 47 25 111 1 8 15 103 9 27 0 2 0 2
Trincomalee 177 27 9 67 1 4 4 63 8 16 0 1 0 1
Kurunegala 566 37 97 224 5 15 135 210 31 54 0 4 0 3
Puttalam 232 18 28 128 3 9 20 118 9 31 0 2 0 2
Anuradhapura 331 23 56 147 10 10 6 139 8 35 0 2 0 2
Polonnaruwa 88 10 15 71 0 5 4 67 2 17 0 1 0 1
Badulla 275 33 52 139 5 9 49 143 8 33 0 2 0 2
Moneragala 144 12 26 79 1 5 3 74 1 19 0 1 0 1
Ratnapura 346 32 137 182 10 12 89 173 17 45 0 3 0 3
Kegalle 347 24 71 116 6 8 81 110 12 28 0 2 0 2
Special and
Additional Intake(c) 0 2,221 0 85 0 2 0 89 0 24 0 2 0 3
Total 6,256 2,885 1,979 3,196 138 210 1,929 3,082 494 772 28 53 28 53
Architecture/ Computer
Agriculture Engineering Other Courses(f) Total
Quan. Surveying(d) Science(e) Total
District
Admissions
A B A B A B A B A B A B
Colombo 82 83 193 109 43 24 137 90 204 186 2,325 1,280 3,605

Gampaha 36 84 52 107 11 21 36 87 90 183 1,225 1,250 2,475
Kalutara 40 43 23 57 3 13 11 46 63 99 825 666 1,491
Kandy 58 51 44 65 12 23 18 55 40 113 864 792 1,656
Matale 5 21 3 24 1 5 2 20 27 41 172 285 457
Nuwara Eliya 1 31 5 41 0 7 4 30 8 69 180 477 657
Galle 41 40 73 50 17 11 62 41 70 84 1,017 589 1,606
Matara 54 29 71 38 15 7 47 29 123 66 903 456 1,359
Hambantota 27 27 28 35 6 5 25 28 44 57 529 404 933
Jaffna 35 35 60 35 7 9 58 29 73 52 664 457 1,121
Kilinochchi 0 13 0 8 0 3 0 10 3 16 41 123 164
Mannar 0 14 0 7 0 3 4 11 5 15 45 126 171
Mullaitivu 0 13 0 7 0 3 0 10 0 14 46 111 157
Vavuniya 2 14 3 11 0 3 1 13 6 20 82 156 238
Batticaloa 4 25 10 30 0 7 13 26 22 47 342 375 717
Ampara 9 29 4 37 1 6 21 27 35 62 398 461 859
Trincomalee 4 21 5 23 0 4 8 18 11 38 227 283 510
Kurunegala 51 57 50 76 5 15 35 61 73 130 1,048 886 1,934
Puttalam 4 32 7 43 3 6 1 30 26 75 333 494 827
Anuradhapura 9 40 9 50 1 7 4 40 41 84 475 579 1,054
Polonnaruwa 3 22 1 24 0 4 1 19 23 40 137 281 418
Badulla 9 38 19 46 2 16 14 38 50 81 483 580 1,063
Moneragala 0 22 3 27 0 4 3 20 7 43 188 307 495
Ratnapura 25 46 17 62 2 11 18 46 83 106 744 721 1,465
Kegalle 40 29 11 39 2 12 22 30 48 69 640 469 1,109
Special and
Additional Intake(c) 0 33 0 24 0 6 0 22 0 31 0
2,542 2,542
Total 539 892 691 1,075 131 235 545 876 1,175 1,821 13,933
15,150 29,083
(Contd.)
A – Merit B – Other (students admitted under district quota and underprivileged district quota)
Note : Information given herein are only with regard to Universities and Higher Educational Institutes established under the Source : University Grants Commission
Universities Act.
(a) 1. Arts – Arts / Social Science and Humanities, Mass Media / Visual and performing Arts. (d) Includes all other courses conducted in the Architecture Faculty such as Design,
2. Admission to Arts degree programme is purely on merit however, policy ensures the number selected Town & Country Planning, Landscape Architecture and Facilities Management.
from each district to be not less than the number admitted in 1993/94 or 2002/03, whichever is greater. (e) Includes the Management & Information Technology, Information Technology,
This adjustment is shown under the Other Courses category. Information & Communication Technology, Information Technology &
Management, Computation & Management, Business Information Systems, etc.
(b) Includes Biological Sciences, Physical Sciences, Food Sciences, Fisheries & Marine Sciences and Physical
Education courses. (f) Other Courses – Fashion Design/Transport & Logistic Management, Indigenous
Medicine, Paramedical Studies. Paramedical Studies includes Nursing, Pharmacy,
(c) “Special & Additional Intake” refers to the students admitted on the basis of Special Categories such as
Medical Laboratories Sciences, Radiography, Physiotherapy and Speech & Hearing
Blind and Differently abled, excelled in fields other than Studies, Armed Forces, Foreign, Teachers, etc., on
Sciences.
the recommendation of the Appeals Committee and Additional Intakes for special subjects in Arts such as
Japanies, English, History, etc.
155
Table 13.19 (B)

University Admissions by Academic Stream and District – Academic Year 2016/17
Management and
Arts(a) Law Science(b) Medicine Veterinary Science Dentistry
Commerce
District
A B A B A B A B A B A B A B
Colombo 476 54 603 352 39 22 614 353 139 81 12 5 16 6

Gampaha 530 50 268 340 10 21 217 349 29 79 0 4 0 4
Kalutara 426 27 105 183 8 11 156 187 25 42 0 2 0 2
Kandy 439 47 111 209 7 13 208 216 34 48 5 3 0 3
Matale 132 21 33 76 0 5 16 75 3 17 0 1 0 1
Nuwara Eliya 184 23 34 132 1 8 5 130 0 30 0 2 0 2
Galle 509 24 185 161 13 10 197 165 53 37 7 2 10 2
Matara 360 22 110 123 8 8 203 122 44 28 5 2 2 2
Hambantota 272 13 39 113 4 7 102 114 16 26 0 2 0 2
Jaffna 295 44 28 114 0 7 66 114 28 29 0 3 0 2
Kilinochchi 63 12 4 26 0 1 0 30 2 5 0 1 0 1
Mannar 53 12 1 25 2 1 0 36 1 5 0 1 0 1
Mullaitivu 51 13 2 24 0 1 0 29 1 4 0 1 0 1
Vavuniya 55 15 10 37 1 2 2 39 10 7 0 1 0 1
Batticaloa 251 32 24 97 4 6 13 99 7 22 0 1 0 1
Ampara 292 49 22 123 0 8 24 121 7 28 0 2 0 2
Trincomalee 203 28 13 73 2 4 1 72 5 16 0 1 0 1
Kurunegala 673 44 142 247 6 15 136 250 38 56 0 3 0 3
Puttalam 280 27 50 139 6 9 12 140 5 33 0 2 0 2
Anuradhapura 294 28 58 161 2 10 17 161 7 37 0 2 0 2
Polonnaruwa 97 10 29 77 1 5 0 76 1 17 0 1 0 1
Badulla 308 43 39 155 5 9 70 155 12 35 0 2 0 2
Moneragala 181 10 49 86 3 5 4 86 0 19 0 1 0 1
Ratnapura 471 33 127 199 9 12 110 205 40 46 0 3 0 3
Kegalle 376 28 79 126 7 8 87 127 7 29 0 2 0 2
Special and
Additional Intake(c) 0 722 0 55 0 2 0 86 0 16 0 1 0 2
Total 7,271 1,431 2,165 3,453 138 210 2,260 3,537 514 792 29 51 28 52
Architecture/ Computer
Agriculture Engineering Other Courses(f) Total
Quan. Surveying(d) Science(e) Total
District
Admissions
A B A B A B A B A B A B
Colombo 80 90 208 110 54 35 159 99 167 220 2,567 1,427 3,994

Gampaha 29 91 42 109 9 22 32 96 119 212 1,285 1,377 2,662
Kalutara 34 46 27 58 5 13 15 50 55 115 856 736 1,592
Kandy 62 54 59 67 15 22 28 60 48 134 1,016 876 1,892
Matale 6 22 11 24 0 6 4 22 34 46 239 316 555
Nuwara Eliya 4 34 2 42 1 8 4 33 17 81 252 525 777
Galle 64 42 62 51 13 16 65 45 90 101 1,268 656 1,924
Matara 54 31 70 39 12 9 68 33 144 76 1,080 495 1,575
Hambantota 20 29 30 36 2 6 34 31 63 65 582 444 1,026
Jaffna 52 36 58 36 14 7 56 30 112 59 709 481 1,190
Kilinochchi 2 13 1 8 0 3 0 11 9 17 81 128 209
Mannar 1 14 0 8 0 4 1 10 7 15 66 132 198
Mullaitivu 0 13 1 7 0 3 0 10 3 15 58 121 179
Vavuniya 4 14 4 12 0 4 0 14 7 24 93 170 263
Batticaloa 7 25 9 31 0 5 17 28 51 55 383 402 785
Ampara 11 31 8 39 2 7 26 30 35 72 427 512 939
Trincomalee 4 22 5 23 2 6 6 20 30 46 271 312 583
Kurunegala 43 61 49 77 3 21 22 68 92 149 1,204 994 2,198
Puttalam 5 35 5 45 0 7 3 33 19 87 385 559 944
Anuradhapura 21 42 2 51 0 7 12 44 41 98 454 643 1,097
Polonnaruwa 1 22 2 25 1 4 1 21 17 48 150 307 457
Badulla 12 40 19 47 0 8 12 44 60 93 537 633 1,170
Moneragala 1 23 3 28 0 5 6 22 17 50 264 336 600
Ratnapura 33 50 19 64 0 8 26 49 87 125 922 797 1,719
Kegalle 26 31 14 40 3 10 10 35 44 77 653 515 1,168
Special and
Additional Intake(c) 0 22 0 21 0 4 0 17 0 24 0 972 972
Total 576 933 710 1,098 136 250 607 955 1,368 2,104 15,802
14,866 30,668
A – Merit B – Other (students admitted under district quota and underprivileged district quota) Source : University Grants Commission
Note : Information given herein are only with regard to Universities and Higher Educational Institutes established under the
Universities Act.
(a) 1. Arts – Arts / Social Science and Humanities, Mass Media / Visual and performing Arts. (d) Includes all other courses conducted in the Architecture Faculty such as Design,
2. Admission to Arts degree programme is purely on merit however, policy ensures the number selected Town & Country Planning, Landscape Architecture and Facilities Management.
from each district to be not less than the number admitted in 1993/94 or 2002/03, whichever is greater. (e) Includes the Management & Information Technology, Information Technology,
This adjustment is shown under the Other Courses category. Information & Communication Technology, Information Technology &
Management, Computation & Management, Business Information Systems, etc.
(b) Includes Biological Sciences, Physical Sciences, Food Sciences, Fisheries & Marine Sciences and Physical
Education courses. (f) Other Courses – Fashion Design/Transport & Logistic Management, Indigenous
Medicine, Paramedical Studies. Paramedical Studies includes Nursing, Pharmacy,
(c) “Special & Additional Intake” refers to the students admitted on the basis of Special Categories such as
Medical Laboratories Sciences, Radiography, Physiotherapy and Speech & Hearing
Blind and Differently abled, excelled in fields other than Studies, Armed Forces, Foreign, Teachers, etc., on
Sciences.
the recommendation of the Appeals Committee and Additional Intakes for special subjects in Arts such as
Japanies, English, History, etc.
156
Table 13.20
University Admissions by Academic Stream and Ethnicity
Academic Year 2013/2014 – 2016/2017
Management
Ethnicity Arts Law Science(a) Medicine Dentistry
and Commerce
Sinhalese 2013/14 5,353 4,169 297 4,129 1,052 86

2014/15 5,736 4,298 289 4,130 997 67
2015/16 5,605 4,455 279 4,221 1,009 66
2016/17 5,907 4,763 286 4,891 1,042 63
Tamil 2013/14 1,172 472 40 431 127 11
2014/15 1,238 526 33 449 145 9
2015/16 1,869 495 38 458 164 7
2016/17 1,532 566 34 529 155 11
Moor 2013/14 852 233 32 286 83 7
2014/15 965 190 26 312 92 4
2015/16 1,601 210 28 310 83 5
2016/17 1,224 268 27 355 100 6
Other 2013/14 19 8 1 3 15 0
2014/15 27 16 2 3 21 0
2015/16 54 15 3 19 1 2
2016/17 37 21 1 21 7 0
Total 2013/14 7,396 4,882 370 4,849 1,277 104
2014/15 7,966 5,030 350 4,894 1,255 80
2015/16 9,129 5,175 348 5,008 1,257 80
2016/17 8,700 5,618 348 5,796 1,304 80
Veterinary Architecture/ Computer

Ethnicity Agriculture Engineering Other(d) Total
Science Quan. Surv.(b) Science(c)
Sinhalese 2013/14 99 1,338 1,351 331 1,085 883 20,173

2014/15 85 1,213 1,331 287 1,055 827 20,315
2015/16 66 1,163 1,464 312 1,075 903 22,618
2016/17 65 1,206 1,485 314 1,186 1,104 22,312
Tamil 2013/14 15 166 200 48 185 150 3,017
2014/15 11 175 194 58 192 173 3,203
2015/16 13 191 223 39 207 133 3,837
2016/17 11 206 232 54 229 185 3,744
Moor 2013/14 3 92 72 18 125 152 1,955
2014/15 3 107 74 17 117 166 2,073
2015/16 1 76 75 13 133 132 2,667
2016/17 4 94 87 18 139 159 2,481
Other 2013/14 1 1 5 0 1 1 55
2014/15 0 2 4 2 4 4 85
2015/16 1 1 2 1 6 3 111
2016/17 0 3 3 0 8 8 109
Total 2013/14 118 1,597 1,628 397 1,396 1,186 25,200
2014/15 99 1,497 1,603 364 1,368 1,170 25,676
2015/16 81 1,431 1,764 365 1,421 1,171 27,230
2016/17 80 1,509 1,807 386 1,562 1,456 28,646
Note : Information given herein are only with regard to Universities and Higher Educational Source : University Grants Commission
Institutes established under the Universities Act.
(a) Includes Biological Sciences, Physical Sciences, Surveying Science, Food Sciences, Fisheries & Marine Sciences and Physical Education
courses.
(b) Includes all other courses conducted in the Architecture Faculty such as Design, Town & Country Planning, Landscape Architecture and
Facilities Management.
(c) Includes the Management & Information Technology, Information Technology, Information & Communication Technology, Information
Technology and Management, Computation & Management, Business Information Systems, Information Systems, Computer Science and
Technology, etc.
(d) Includes Indigenous Medicine, Paramedical Studies and Fashion Design / Transport and Logistic Management.
157
Table 13.21
Technical Colleges 2011 – 2017
College of Technology(a) Technical College Total

Course Year
Intake Enrolment Intake Enrolment Intake Enrolment
Advance Diploma 2011 883 883 – – 883 883

(NVQ Level 5 & 6) 2012 785 1,169 23 23 808 1,192
2013 943 1,178 22 22 965 1,200
2014 1,631 2,170 377 478 2,008 2,648
2015 1,512 2,636 292 578 1,804 3,214
2016 1,729 3,143 382 630 2,111 3,773
2017(b) 2,127 3,866 707 966 2,834 4,832

National Diploma 2011 104 117 80 218 184 335
(Non-NVQ) 2012 145 212 86 157 231 369
2013 166 292 85 156 251 448
2014 223 343 – – 223 343
2015 278 449 – – 278 449
2016 262 460 – – 262 460
2017(b) 348 522 25 25 373 547

National Certificate 2011 3,052 4,873 5,873 9,056 8,925 13,929
2012 3,307 4,876 5,741 8,387 9,048 13,263
2013 3,546 5,371 6,587 9,478 10,133 14,849
2014 2,888 4,780 6,084 9,023 8,972 13,803
2015 2,652 4,337 5,551 8,177 8,203 12,514
2016 2,698 3,939 5,726 7,843 8,424 11,782
2017(b) 3,229 4,371 5,651 7,527 8,880 11,898

National Craft (Trade) 2011 1,107 1,386 2,076 2,434 3,183 3,820
Certificate 2012 1,140 1,520 1,975 2,461 3,115 3,981
2013 1,236 1,651 1,964 2,412 3,200 4,063
2014 1,259 1,684 2,044 2,593 3,303 4,277
2015 1,059 1,224 1,651 1,916 2,710 3,140
2016 837 1,353 1,600 2,265 2,437 3,618
2017(b) 872 1,302 1,609 2,249 2,481 3,551

Short Courses 2011 1,420 1,420 2,586 2,586 4,006 4,006
(mainly intended for 2012 1,992 1,992 4,511 4,511 6,503 6,503
self-employment) 2013 2,691 2,691 5,496 5,496 8,187 8,187
2014 2,364 2,364 5,993 5,993 8,357 8,357
2015 2,228 2,228 4,641 4,641 6,869 6,869
2016 4,006 4,006 9,351 9,351 13,357 13,357
2017(b) 5,778 5,778 12,895 12,895 18,673 18,673

Short Courses Offered to 2011 – – 29 29 29 29
Other Organizations (c) 2012 – – – – – –
2013 – – – – – –
2014 – – – – – –
2015 – – – – – –
2016 – – – – – –
2017(b) 93 93 316 316 409 409

Total 2011 6,566 8,679 10,644 14,323 17,210 23,002
2012 7,369 9,769 12,336 15,539 19,705 25,308
2013 8,582 11,183 14,154 17,564 22,736 28,747
2014 8,365 11,341 14,498 18,087 22,863 29,428
2015 7,729 10,874 12,135 15,312 19,864 26,186
2016 9,532 12,901 17,059 20,089 26,591 32,990
2017(b) 12,447 15,932 21,203 23,978 33,650 39,910
NVQ – National Vocational Qualification Source : Department of Technical Education and Training
(a) 9 Technical Colleges have been upgraded to the level of “College of Technology” since 2007.
(b) Provisional.
(c) In 2008, 12,273 additional students were enrolled for special vocational training programmes “Waddakil Vasantham Programmes” under
the Mahinda Chinthana at College of Technology, Jaffna and LTTE surrenders at Rehabilitation Centres Pallekale, Walikanda.
Note : Normally academic year starts in July and will end in June in the following year. Hence, students statistics given here refers to the academic
years.
158
Table 13.22
Health Services 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016(a) 2017(b)
Western Medicine(c)
Hospitals 619 555 568 592 593 603 601 610 610 612
Primary Medical Care Units 411 475 476 475 480 481 484 475 475 506
Doctors(d) 14,255 14,831 15,283(e) 17,481(e) 18,190 18,610 18,958 20,446(e) 21,469 21,259
Hospital Beds 65,835 68,897 69,501 69,731 73,437 74,636 76,918 76,781 76,829 76,774
Nurses 22,996 25,549 27,494 29,101 30,136 30,928 31,964 32,272 32,499 34,221
Attendants 7,184 8,301 8,189 7,477 8,403 8,091 8,215 8,689 8,268 9,218
In Patients Treated, ’000 4,898 5,474 5,591 n.a. 5840 5,926 6,120 6,322 6,493 n.a.
Out Patients’ Visits, ’000 45,382 48,782 49,871 n.a. 50631 53,861 55,105 54,652 53,044 n.a.
Midwives 8,937 8,943 8,726 8,748 8,745 8,874 9,022 9,021 8,864 8,532

Family Planning
New Acceptors (No.) 267,133 245,013 223,595 208,100 238,016 181,645 127,130 153,901 157,191 168,120
Loops 58,770 52,141 48,350 47,315 73,932 52,917 40,813 44,916 37,517 32,986
Oral Pills 53,594 50,454 45,398 38,433 79,957 43,556 26,644 33,279 27,609 26,080
Sterilizations 23,480 22,091 21,587 19,787 21,109 15,771 11,657 14,419 14,806 16,106
Injectables 120,004 110,966 98,540 87,865 37,886 34,713 8,195 14,491 36,322 49,262
Implant 11,285 9,361 9,720 14,700 25,132 34,688 39,821 46,796 40,937 43,686
Total Expenditure on
Health, Rs. Mn. 74,548 71,452 73,835 89,237 99,101 119,530 138,403 177,789 186,149 196,820
Current Expenditure 55,874 58,789 60,506 74,443 81,946 99,609 116,151 140,560 155,402 161,312
Imports of Medical and
Pharmaceutical Products
(Govt. & Private), Rs. Mn. 23,010 23,199 24,549 38,487 47,537 48,845 49,685 62,498 76,547 79,299
(a) Revised Sources : Ministry of Health

(b) Provisional Family Health Bureau
(c) Public Sector. Sri Lanka Customs
(d) Includes Assistant Medical Practitioners.
(e) Including Intern Medical Officers.
Total Expenditure on Health

200,000
160,000
120,000
Rs. Million
80,000
40,000
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
159
Table 13.23
Selected Public Health Personnel 1992 – 2016
Reg. / Asst. Public Health

Medical Dental Hospital
Year Medical Nurses(c)
Officers(a) Surgeons(b) Nursing Midwives
Officers Inspectors Midwives
Sisters(d)
1992 3,345 381 1,253 11,214 113 846 4,108 2,025

1993 3,713 390 1,305 11,818 109 876 4,361 2,172
1994 4,047 387 1,357 13,060 117 928 4,400 2,214
1995 4,577 421 1,376 13,403 174 932 4,383 2,288
1996 5,117 462 1,397 13,933 189 915 4,352 2,393
1997 5,628 481 1,384 13,815 145 901 4,497 2,284
1998 6,427 521 1,340 14,448 183 888 4,578 2,410
1999 6,994 529 1,340 14,052 237 1,142 4,625 2,503
2000 7,963 637 1,349 14,716 270 1,486 4,798 2,596
2001 8,384 751 1,343 15,797 259 1,401 4,654 2,723
2002 9,290 867 1,326 16,517 310 1,470 4,819 2,794
2003 9,063 889 1,260 16,621 310 1,420 4,319 3,154
2004 8,874 915 1,218 18,654 315 1,397 4,524 2,668
2005 10,198 954 1,274 19,934 313 1,512 4,896 2,371
2006 10,279 1,181 1,183 18,950 299 1,535 5,080 2,555
2007 11,023 1,314 1,194 22,370 290 1,740 6,167 2,828
2008 12,479 858 1,134 23,800 270 1,475 5,331 3,016
2009 13,874 1,051 1,099 31,198 169 1,371 5,167 2,773
2010 14,388 1,122 1,096 32,680 310 1,383 5,634 2,823
2011 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
2012 15,910 1,223 1,130 31,218 332 1,510 5,821 2,605
2013 16,690 1,279 1,064 31,235 322 1,544 5,950 2,848
2014 17,615 1,360 999 32,893 277 1,526 5,954 2,888
2015 18,243 1,340 936 34,051 290 1,604 6,041 2,765
2016(e) 18,968 1,433 883 34,069 277 1,692 6,247 2,365
(a) Includes Medical Officers in curative, administrative and preventive services. Source : Medical Statistics Unit, Ministry of Health
(b) Includes Regional and Consultant Dental Surgeons.
(c) Excludes Pupil Nurses.
(d) Supervising Public Health Nursing Sisters / Public Health Nursing Sisters.
(e) Provisional.
No. of Medical Officers (Public Sector)

20,000
16,000
12,000
Number
8,000
4,000
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
160
Table 13.24
Public Health Personnel by District 2016(a)
Reg. / Asst. Public Health

Medical Dental Hospital
District Medical Nurses(d)
Officers(b) Surgeons(c) Nursing Midwives
Officers Inspectors(f) Midwives
Sisters(e)
Colombo 4,515 296 133 9,724 29 255 430 215

Gampaha 2,043 86 78 3,041 30 115 457 151
Kalutara 826 69 45 2,131 40 105 469 139
Kandy 1,812 190 135 4,319 16 86 440 202
Matale 381 21 34 607 10 44 163 66
Nuwara Eliya 300 34 14 424 4 42 322 57
Galle 898 58 57 2,814 17 93 310 145
Matara 590 37 40 1,400 9 65 271 110
Hambantota 424 32 10 1,442 15 55 208 101
Jaffna 589 41 15 830 3 60 175 38
Mannar 104 7 4 123 1 20 59 28
Vavuniya 229 18 1 340 2 15 88 3
Mullaitivu 69 7 – 94 1 17 43 18
Kilinochchi 108 13 1 93 – 12 57 12
Batticaloa 432 30 13 891 11 56 189 96
Ampara 350 26 4 1,461 1 29 138 30
Trincomalee 300 27 11 441 1 37 154 55
Kalmunai 374 27 14 661 7 49 151 126
Kurunegala 1,063 94 92 2,902 22 113 454 178
Puttalam 479 47 21 644 3 50 189 58
Anuradhapura 565 43 29 1,970 9 83 232 118
Polonnaruwa 395 33 11 618 5 36 123 48
Badulla 613 62 35 1,916 12 58 295 118
Moneragala 317 23 9 527 10 36 193 61
Ratnapura 672 68 35 1,993 11 89 369 94
Kegalle 520 44 42 1,150 8 72 268 98
Total
18,968 1,433 883 42,556 277 1,692 6,247 2,365
Medical School
Pharma- Radio- Physio- ECG EEG
District Dispensers Lab Dental
cists Graphers therapists Recordists Recordists
Technologists Therapists
Colombo 393 129 498 212 157 102 27 32

Gampaha 116 92 108 34 54 23 7 35
Kalutara 54 51 79 14 13 16 2 30
Kandy 137 97 130 76 49 29 10 20
Matale 30 48 23 7 5 6 – 8
Nuwara Eliya 21 49 19 8 6 4 2 10
Galle 80 79 74 34 27 9 6 26
Matara 53 63 45 14 12 8 2 21
Hambantota 39 54 33 13 7 7 2 15
Jaffna 48 52 34 15 16 4 2 8
Mannar 6 13 6 2 2 – – 2
Vavuniya 3 13 15 5 4 1 4 4
Mullaitivu 3 12 4 2 3 – – 1
Kilinochchi 5 13 4 2 2 1 1 –
Batticaloa 33 34 31 11 11 9 2 4
Ampara 29 24 30 9 8 9 1 3
Trincomalee 29 27 22 7 8 4 2 2
Kalmunai 35 29 36 12 8 8 1 5
Kurunegala 90 129 83 27 22 16 5 39
Puttalam 41 76 36 9 7 7 2 12
Anuradhapura 53 87 52 20 19 13 3 15
Polonnaruwa 42 27 26 11 11 8 2 11
Badulla 62 79 57 19 19 11 3 16
Moneragala 27 42 26 8 6 6 – 11
Ratnapura 64 75 50 22 13 10 3 19
Kegalle 53 70 45 14 11 4 – 15
Total
1,546 1,464 1,566 607 500 315 89 364
(a) Provisional Source : Medical Statistics Unit,

(b) Includes Medical Officers in Administrative Grade and Specialists. Ministry of Healthcare & Nutrition
(c) Includes Regional Dental Surgeons and Consultant Dental Surgeons.
(d) Includes Supervising Public Health Nursing Sisters, Public Health Nursing Sisters and Pupil Nurses.
(e) Supervising Public Health Nursing Sisters/Public Health Nursing Sisters.
(f) Includes Supervising Public Health Inspectors.
161
Table 13.25
Activities of Health Campaigns 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Patients Examined, ’000 16.8 17.2 13.7 19.3 15.5 19.6 22.1 22.9 22.0 19.5
Positive Cases, ’000 10.0 10.5 8.3 11.7 9.0 10.5 10.9 11.0 11.0 10.9
Personnel Strength(b) – Doctors 26 30 37 75 25 80 67 93 103 110
Others 128 98 99 339 98 350 328 378 380 336
Expenditure(c), Rs. Mn. 51.8 58.7 69.4 75.2 75.1 158.0 196.2 263.2 323.9 388.3
Malaria
Patients Examined, ’000 1,047.1 909.6 1,001.1 994.5 948.2 988.7 1,069.8 1,142.4 1,031.0 1,074.7
Positive Cases, ’000 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.1 ... 0.0(d) 0.0(d) 0.0(d) 0.0(d) 0.0(d)
Personnel Strength – Doctors 27 29 23 24 19 25 23 24 20 28
Others 2,227 2,084 1,861 1,858 1,734 1,712 1,627 1,611 1,448 1,430
Expenditure, Rs. Mn. 207.0 204.0 335.0 556.0(e) 414.0(e) 429.0(e) 465.0(e) 532.0(e) 456.0(e) 694.0(e)

Leprosy
Patients Examined, ’000 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Positive Cases, ’000 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.1 1.8 1.8
Personnel Strength – Doctors(f) 10 8 7 6 11 9 12 13 13 13
Others(f) 71 60 63 75 67 65 67 87 92 74
Expenditure, Rs. Mn. 35.8 32.9 42.1 38.5 50.3 64.8 66.2 87.1 91.2 107.8

Respiratory Diseases
Sputum Positive TB Patients, ’000 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.7(g) 4.5(g) 4.3(g)
(h) (i) (i) (i) (i)
Personnel Strength – Doctors 115 81 150 569 109 37 39 47 51 44(i)
(h) (i) (i) (i) (i)
Others 505 487 677 516 545 133 153 136 137 147(i)
Expenditure, Rs. Mn. 332.3 454.0 555.0 514.0 561.3 213.9 289.0 267.3 430.2 458.0

Filariasis
Positive Cases, ’000 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1
Personnel Strength – Doctors(j) 5 6 6 5 10 9 10 4 4 4
Others(j) 20 25 25 27 24 27 25 25 28 28
Expenditure, Rs. Mn. n.a. 13.7(k) 21.9(k) 23.1(k) 28.4 35.7 38.8 34.8 50.7 35.6
(a) Provisional. Sources : STD / AIDS Control Programme

Anti-Malaria Campaign
(b) National STD/AIDS control programme.
Anti-Leprosy Campaign
(c) Expenditure for Central STD clinic only. Respiratory Disease Control Programme
(d) No indigenous malaria cases reported. Anti-Filariasis Campaign.
(e) Figures stated represent expenditure borne by Anti Malaria Campaign Directorate and provinces.
This excludes expenditure for Hambantota, Anuradhapura and Ratnapura districts, because the
authorities are unable to give the specific amounts spent on malaria control.
(f) Only Central Campaign.
(g) Includes new and re-treatment patients diagnosed by sputum smear, culture or WRD. In 2013 and
2014 only the sputum smear positive new cases were considered
(h) Includes staff of Central Unit, NHRD Welisara, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Central
Drug Stores, Chest Clinics Colombo and Gampaha.
(i) Includes staff of Central Unit, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Central Drug Stores,
Chest Clinics Colombo and Gampaha.
(j) Includes only campaign staff.
(k) Includes expenditure of Central government only.
… – Negligible
162
Table 13.26
Postal Services 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Main Post Offices (No.) 643 643 648 648 651 651 653 653 652 653
Sub Post Offices (No.) 3,410 3,410 3,410 3,410 3,411 3,375 3,410 3,410 3,410 3,409
Agency Post Offices (No.) 684 684 684 684 676 602 629 629 629 628
Delivery Areas (No.) 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729
Area Served by a
Post Office (Sq. km.) 14 14 14 14 13 14 14 14 14 15
Population Served by a
Post Office 4,311 4,311 4,312 4,330 4,641 4,378 4,332 4,332 4,428 4,572
Letters Per Inhabitant 21 21 21 14 13 13 16 16 17 17
Domestic Mail, ’000

Letters 238,400 236,852 291,294 201,647 203,135 272,729 341,225 365,249 369,445 373,096
Post Cards 11,531 12,250 14,742 12,654 13,025 10,992 9,538 10,024 10,005 9,504
Newspapers &
Printed Materials 82,711 79,525 14,773 15,512 14,003 15,356 13,101 13,769 14,457 15,179
Express 198 212 95 86 91 86 82 86 87 110
Insured 162 281 28 36 33 31 83 87 96 94
Registered 32,413 59,426 19,149 28,698 30,954 21,418 35,183 36,987 29,596 25,603
Parcels
Parcels (Ordinary) Paid ⎫
438 320 323 202 294 261 162 113
⎬ 1,210 1,194
Parcels (Ordinary) Other ⎭ 62 58 125 134 75 61 75
Foreign Mail (Outward), ’000

Sea
Letters 72 69 76 74 71 72 80 64 65 65
Post Cards 29 34 19 21 23 25 20 11 11 11
Newspapers &
Printed Materials 27 31 56 53 52 43 55 41 41 42
Small Packets / Parcels 33 38 33 4 3 6 16 9 9 9
Air
Aerogrames – – 2,131 2,023 2,213 2,122 63 42 42 42

Letters 24,997 27,356 4,526 5,382 4,748 4,885 2,020 1,587 1,603 1,618
Post Cards 3,025 3,451 6,631 7,329 7,163 7,041 829 862 871 878
Newspapers &
Foreign Mail (Inward), ’000

Sea
Letters 65 67 62 59 57 62 210 187 190 192
Post Cards 43 40 31 28 29 34 3 1 1 1
Newspapers &
Air
Letters 20,745 22,498 19,315 20,167 20,489 20,642 1,805 1,346 1,359 1,372
Post Cards 2,420 2,765 2,165 3,154 2,932 2,687 25 27 27 27
Newspapers &
Printed Materials 1,492 1,623 1,456 1,569 1,635 1,559 225 187 189 190
Small Packets / Parcels 408 422 410 27 32 25 840 2,011 2,031 2,051
(a) Provisional. Source : Department of Posts

163
Table 13.27
Telecommunication Services 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Fixed Access Services

Subscriber Base (’000) 3,446 3,436 3,535 3,608 3,449 2,707 2,710 2,601 2,550 2,603
Wireline Telephones in Service (’000) 934 872 897 942 999 1,062 1,123 1,128 1,166 1,198
Wireless Local Loop Telephones (’000) 2,513 2,564 2,638 2,667 2,450(b) 1,645(c) 1,587 1,473 1,384 1,405
Growth Rate of the Subscribers 25.7 -0.3 2.9 2.1 -4.4 -21.5 0.1 -4.0 -2.0 2.1
Telephone Penetraction(d)
(Telephones per 100 persons)
17.0 16.8 17.1 17.3 16.9 13.2 13.0 12.4 12.0 12.1
Other Services
Cellular Phones (’000)
11,083 14,264 17,267 18,319 20,324 20,315(c) 22,123 24,385 26,228 28,199
Cellular Phones per 100 Persons
55 70 84 88 100 99 107 116 124 132
Public Pay Phone Booths
7,417 7,378 6,958 6,458 6,983 6,773 6,642 5,809 5,301 5,137
Internet Connections(e)
234,000 240,000 502,000 844,749 1,365,655 2,009,456 3,396,295 4,090,920 4,920,554 5,904,260
(a) Provisional Sources : Telecommunications Regulatory Commission of Sri Lanka

(b) Wireless Local Loop telephones declined in 2012 due the rectification of Central Bank of Sri Lanka
statistical reportings subsequent to the merger of two companies.
(c) Wireless Local Loop telephones and Cellular phones declined in 2013
due to a revision in the classification of active subscribers in January
2013.
(d) Include Fixed Wireline Services and Fixed Wireless Services only.
(e) Includes mobile internet connections from 2010 onwards.
Table 13.28
Mass Media 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)
Circulation of Newspapers(b)
Daily Newspapers, ’000 161,578 164,547 170,240 173,255 228,269 334,348 345,029 383,129 411,760 398,759
Sinhala 117,136 123,245 126,730 128,163 156,375 210,805 206,979 226,490 258,995 245,103
Tamil 12,927 9,347 8,884 10,194 28,748 47,302 62,625 75,906 60,969 60,249
English 31,516 31,955 34,627 34,897 43,146 76,241 75,424 80,734 91,796 93,407
Copies per ’000 persons
per day, No. 25 26 26 27 36 52 53 58 62 59

Weekly Newspapers, ’000 88,696 82,801 80,295 88,281 90,403 106,574 117,544 124,949 127,064 136,307
Sinhala 66,178 62,096 62,948 70,453 66,710 68,699 74,960 80,811 83,288 91,461
Tamil 8,007 7,071 3,233 3,964 9,698 15,432 20,335 21,653 19,324 19,479
English 14,511 13,635 14,115 13,864 13,995 22,443 22,250 22,485 24,452 25,367
Copies per ’000 persons
per week, No. 84 78 75 81 85 100 109 115 115 122

Televisions
No. of TV Channels 18 20 21 22 25 25 25 25 24 22

Radios
No. of Radio Services 56 48 51 51 54 54 54 54 54 55
(a) Provisional. Sources : Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Ltd.

(b) National newspapers only. Express Newspapers (Ceylon) Ltd.
Sumathi Publications
Upali Newspapers Ltd.
Wijeya Publications Ltd.
Ministry of Finance and Mass Media
164
Table 13.29
Prisoners 2008 – 2017
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Training Schools for Youthful Offenders

Admission 36 26 32 28 16 29 16 21 14 22
Average daily population 75 69 67 70 63 57 37 40 41 39

Admission to Prisons by Offence
Murder 124 108 96 103 125 118 136 175 174 211
Attempted Murder 166 121 149 113 144 115 95 74 94 110
Culpable Homicide and Attempted 64 88
Culpable Homicide 529 335 470 210 273 228 200 136 125 110
Kidnapping 2 11 87 6 11 14 43 6 7 10
Rape 319 227 250 166 273 244 281 211 199 148
Simple & Grievous Hurt 290 317 347 217 284 307 301 374 348 233
Criminal Force & Intimidation 46 31 85 18 17 21 29 50 50 18
Unlawful Intercourse & Attempt 65 163 208 142 195 33 14 35 18 28
Attempt Suicide & Abetment of Suicide 2 0 0 0 3 3 15 9 13 13
Burglary & Robbery 894 1130 1,438 819 1097 1,536 1,422 910 937 944
Trespass, House Breaking &
Possession of House Breaking Tools 550 868 502 488 636 656 606 485 536 479
Extortion & Looting 583 519 683 537 603 1065 603 504 671 312
Cheating & Criminal Breach of Trust 344 321 493 405 501 885 513 369 379 485
Theft 1,216 1,268 1,356 1,282 1,893 1,780 1,689 1,218 1,220 1,278
Other Offences 28,436 32,453 25,964 22,512 22,336 23,755 21,641 19,530 19,225 18,366
Total 33,566 37,872 32,128 27,018 28,391 30,760 27,588 24,086 24,060 22,833

Admissions to Prisons by Length of Sentence
Under one Month 2,440 3,034 2,972 2,098 3,826 2,961 3,518 2,243 4,774 4,316
One Month to Six Months 13,647 12,973 11,150 11,147 13,192 15,013 12,559 12,317 11,780 11,479
Six Months to One Year 6,895 8,566 6,424 5,706 4,984 6,003 5,421 5,509 3,214 3,195
One Year to Two Years 7,103 9,375 8,367 5,757 3,772 4,104 3,651 2,322 2,502 2,251
Two Years to Five Years 2,377 3,105 2,433 1,698 2,003 2,024 1,783 1,043 1,203 989
Five Years to Ten Years 576 453 415 357 296 352 311 205 226 213
Over Ten Years and Death Sentences 528 366 367 255 318 303 345 447 361 390
Total 33,566 37,872 32,128 27,018 28,391 30,760 27,588 24,086 24,060 22,833

Death Sentences
Sentenced to Death 128 108 96 107 131 124 153 186 180 217
Death Sentences Commuted to
Imprisonment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Awaiting Execution or Final Decision
for Commutation or Execution 128 108 96 107 131 124 153 186 180 217

Admission Rate
(Per 100,000 Population) 166 185 156 130 140 151 133 115 114 107
Source : Department of Prisons

165
Table 13.30
Prisoners by District 2013 – 2017
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

District
Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
Colombo 10,614 301 10,915 9,574 279 9,853 10,982 241 11,223 8,189 276 8,465 8,832 205 9,037
Gampaha 4,647 97 4,744 4,160 90 4,250 1,577 89 1,666 2,432 173 2,605 2,001 78 2,079
Kalutara 1,288 45 1,333 1,275 46 1,321 839 43 882 1,824 68 1,892 1,549 44 1,593
Kandy 1295 27 1322 638 29 667 556 34 590 516 36 552 725 13 738
Matale 401 11 412 540 9 549 401 17 418 243 14 257 468 8 476
Nuwara Eliya 390 13 403 453 12 465 270 18 288 366 12 378 207 19 226
Galle 1,553 66 1,619 1,513 76 1,589 962 49 1,011 1,156 36 1,192 1,090 6 1,096
Matara 472 25 497 382 18 400 486 21 507 617 16 633 368 9 377
Hambantota 348 4 352 307 8 315 81 1 82 240 6 246 279 6 285
Jaffna 253 18 271 200 16 216 266 11 277 409 13 422 463 11 474
Mannar 95 5 100 107 8 115 223 9 232 187 5 192 181 3 184
Vavuniya 435 12 447 460 14 474 279 13 292 273 15 288 312 10 322
Mullaitivu 108 3 111 205 8 213 256 8 264 224 9 233 231 7 238
Kilinochchi 127 4 131 123 6 129 330 7 337 328 27 355 94 4 98
Batticaloa 488 24 512 534 32 566 426 20 446 456 13 469 430 12 442
Ampara 499 26 525 508 21 529 358 17 375 414 11 425 293 7 300
Trincomalee 330 8 338 254 9 263 318 14 332 235 8 243 202 6 208
Kurunegala 1,838 59 1,897 1,541 30 1,571 1,436 60 1,496 1,282 72 1,354 880 27 907
Puttalam 961 34 995 685 32 717 573 21 594 895 37 932 280 16 296
Anuradhapura 935 37 972 1,136 35 1,171 878 18 896 895 19 914 1,101 19 1,120
Polonnaruwa 436 19 455 292 12 304 257 8 265 231 3 234 211 5 216
Badulla 459 7 466 401 10 411 350 10 360 324 4 328 359 10 369
Moneragala 414 13 427 279 1 280 203 7 210 255 1 256 253 10 263
Ratnapura 836 19 855 729 28 757 477 13 490 578 10 588 873 21 894
Kegalle 644 17 661 458 5 463 543 10 553 596 11 607 586 9 595
Total 29,866 894 30,760 26,754 834 27,588 23,327 759 24,086 23,165 895 24,060 22,268 565 22,833
Total Prisoners by Province – 2016/17
16,000
2016
12,000
2017
8,000
4,000
Western Central Southern Northern Eastern North North Uva Sabara-

166
Table 13.31
Selected Demography of Prisoners 2014 – 2017
2014 2015 2016 2017

Item
Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
Prisoners by Age Groups

Under 16 years – – – – – – – – – – – –
16 to 40 years 16,491 504 16,995 14,263 347 14,610 14,428 406 14,834 11,546 276 11,822
41 to 60 years 9,852 300 10,152 8,618 390 9,008 8,104 475 8,579 9,471 253 9,724
Above 60 years 411 30 441 446 22 468 633 14 647 1251 36 1,287

Prisoners by Educational Status
No Schooling 1,445 95 1,540 981 118 1,099 1,361 162 1,523 1,294 82 1,376
Grade 1–5 5,818 219 6,037 4,304 142 4,446 12,239 534 12,773 9,480 163 9,643
Passed Grade 8 12,721 414 13,135 13,663 327 13,990 6,028 101 6,129 7,294 103 7,397
Passed GCE (O/L) 3,359 78 3,437 2,957 122 3,079 2,559 84 2,643 2,878 188 3,066
Passed GCE (A/L) 1,052 24 1,076 1,315 39 1,354 896 13 909 1,149 25 1,174
Graduates 38 3 41 66 9 75 54 1 55 112 1 113
Other 2,321 1 2,322 41 2 43 28 – 28 61 3 64

Prisoners by Marital Status
Never Married 7,884 59 7,943 10,025 116 10,141 6,115 138 6,253 6,916 96 7,012
Married 17,398 555 17,953 12,179 473 12,652 15,131 629 15,760 13,756 408 14,164
Widowed 519 97 616 221 69 290 563 55 618 551 29 580
Divorced 659 76 735 508 52 560 779 48 827 741 17 758
Legally Separated 294 47 341 394 49 443 577 25 602 304 15 319

Prisoners by Ethnicity
Sinhalese 18,572 521 19,093 17,174 436 17,610 13,109 496 13,605 15,269 356 15,625
Tamil 4,283 176 4,459 3,261 212 3,473 4,876 296 5,172 3,891 117 4,008
Moor 3,633 126 3,759 2,860 90 2,950 4,995 100 5,095 3,043 85 3,128
Malay 55 2 57 8 9 17 90 – 90 12 – 12
Burgher 90 4 94 19 7 26 85 2 87 16 3 19
Other 121 5 126 5 5 10 10 1 11 37 4 41

Prisoners by Religion
Buddhist 17,089 441 17,530 16,158 362 16,520 11,833 467 12,300 14,240 327 14,567
Hindu 3,363 163 3,526 2,579 171 2,750 4,153 240 4,393 3,302 97 3,399
Islam 3,708 127 3,835 2,870 116 2,986 4,969 91 5,060 3,050 85 3,135
Roman Catholic 1,595 70 1,665 1,398 70 1,468 1,899 77 1,976 1,381 43 1,424
Other Christians 976 32 1,008 302 40 342 296 20 316 277 9 286
Others 23 1 24 20 – 20 15 – 15 18 4 22
Total Convicted Prisoners

26,754 834 27,588 23,327 759 24,086 23,165 895 24,060 22,268 565 22,833

167
SRI LANKA AND ASIA
Table 14.1
Demographic Indicators : SAARC Countries
Ref. Sri Afghanis- Bangla-
Indicator Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan
Year Lanka tan desh
Mid-year Population, Mn. 2000 19.1 21.0 129.3 0.6 1,019.0 0.3 21.0 140.0
2005 19.6 23.6 138.6 0.6 1,106.0 0.3 25.3 156.0
2010 20.7 26.0 148.6 0.7 1,186.0 0.4 26.3 173.5
2016 21.4(a) 29.2 160.8 0.8 1,299.0 0.5 28.3 195.4
Population Growth, % 2005 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.5 3.3 2.3 2.2
2010 1.0 2.0 1.4 1.8 1.4 2.3 1.4 2.1
2016 1.1 2.1 1.2 1.5 1.2 3.7 1.4 1.9
Land Area(b), ’000 Sq.km. 2016 62.7 652.9 147.6 38.4 3,287.3 0.3 147.2 796.1
Density of Population
[Persons per Sq. km.] 2016 342(a) 53 1,252 21 445 1,392 202 251
Population by Age Groups, %
0 – 14 Years 2016 25.2(a) 43.9 28.9 26.9 28.2 23.4 31.7 34.9
15 – 64 Years 2016 66.9(a) 53.6 66.0 68.3 66.0 72.5 62.7 60.6
(a)
65 Years & Above 2016 7.9 2.5 5.1 4.8 5.8 4.1 5.6 4.5
Urban Population, % 2016 19.3 23.7 34.9 39.5 31.0(c) n.a. 19.6 39.9
Crude Birth Rate, per 1,000 2015 15.2(a) 33.3 19.5 17.4 19.7 20.8 20.2 28.8
Crude Death Rate, per 1,000 2015 6.5(a) 8.0 5.4 6.2 7.3 3.8 6.3 7.3
Total Fertility Rate
[Births per Woman] 2015 2.1 4.7 2.1 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.2 3.6
Infant Mortality Rate
[per 1,000 Live Births] 2015 9 66 31 27 38 7 29 66
Maternal Mortality Rate
[per 100,000 Live Births] 2015 27 396 176 148 174 68 258 178
Expectation of Life at Birth, Years 2015 75.0 60.7 72.0 69.8 68.3 77.0 70.0 66.4
(a) 2017 Sources : Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2017, ADB
(b) Excluding area under inland water bodies. Human Development Report 2016, UNDP
(c) 2015 World Development Indicators 2018
n.a. – Not available (World Bank - updated 05/21/2018)
Registrar General’s Department
Table 14.2
Demographic Indicators : Selected East Asian Countries
Ref. Rep. of
Indicator Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand
Year Korea
Mid-year Population, Mn. 2000 206.3 23.5 76.8 47.0 4.0 62.2
2005 219.9 26.0 84.7 48.2 4.3 64.1
2010 238.5 28.6 93.1 49.6 5.1 65.9
2016 258.7 31.7 103.2 51.2 5.6 67.5
Population Growth, % 2005 1.3 2.1 1.9 0.2 2.4 0.6
2010 2.7 1.8 2.3 0.5 1.8 0.6
2016 1.3 1.5 1.7 0.5 1.3 0.4
Land Area(a), ’000 Sq.km. 2016 1,910.9 330.8 300.0 100.3 0.7 513.1
Density of Population
[Persons per Sq. km.] 2016 144 95 347 526 7,909 135
Population by Age Groups, %
0 – 14 Years 2016 27.7 24.6 32.0 13.7 15.2 17.7
15 – 64 Years 2016 67.1 69.3 63.3 72.9 72.5 71.4
65 Years & Above 2016 5.2 6.1 4.7 13.4 12.3 11.0
Urban Population, % 2016 53.7(b) 74.8 44.3 82.6 100.0 44.5(c)
Crude Birth Rate, per 1,000 2015 19.6 16.8 23.3 8.6 9.7 10.5
Crude Death Rate, per 1,000 2015 7.2 5.0 6.8 5.4 4.8 8.0
Total Fertility Rate
[Births per Woman] 2015 2.4 1.9 2.9 1.2 1.2 1.5
Infant Mortality Rate
[per 1,000 Live Births] 2015 23 6 22 3 2 11
Maternal Mortality Rate
[per 100,000 Live Births] 2015 126 40 114 11 10 20
Expectation of Life at Birth, Years 2015 69.1 74.9 68.4 82.2 82.6 74.6
(a) Excluding area under inland water bodies. Sources : Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2016, ADB
(b) 2015 Human Development Report 2016, UNDP
(c) 2013 World Development Indicators 2018
(World Bank – updated 05/21/2018)
168
SRI LANKA AND ASIA
Table 14.3
National Accounts Indicators : SAARC Countries

Year Lanka(a) tan desh
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)(b), 2013 74,294 20,264 149,990 1,798 1,856,722 3,295 19,271 231,219
Mn US $ 2014 79,359 20,616 172,885 1,945 2,035,393 3,697 20,003 244,361
2015 80,556(c) 19,216 195,079 2,059 2,089,865 4,007 21,411 270,556
2016 81,776(c)(d) 19,469 221,415 2,213 2,263,792 4,224 21,132 278,913

(b)
GDP Per Capita , US$ 2013 3,609 639 952 2,351 1,452 8,291 689 1,272
2014 3,821 629 1,085 2,505 1,573 9,057 706 1,317
2015 3,842(c) 570 1,210 2,615 1,596 9,576 747 1,429
2016 3,857(c)(d) 562 1,359 2,774 1,710 9,875 729 1,444

GDP Per Capita at PPP, US$ 2013 10,599 2,295 2,989 7,636 5,368 10,722 2,315 4,554
2014 11,219 2,357 3,184 8,086 5,798 11,171 2,472 4,757
2015 11,778 2,298 3,384 8,566 6,251 11,201 2,544 4,939
2016 12,316 2,363 3,629 9,190 6,700 12,429 2,556 5,178

Growth Rate of Real GDP, % 2013 3.4 6.4 6.0 2.1 6.1 4.7 4.1 4.4
2014 5.0 3.1 6.1 5.7 7.2 6.0 6.0 4.7
(c)
2015 5.0 -1.8 6.6 6.5 7.9 2.8 3.3 4.7
2016 4.5(c)(d) 3.6 7.1 n.a. 6.6 3.9 0.4 5.5
Sectoral Composition of GDP(b)(e)

,%
Agriculture 2013 7.7 25.6(f) 16.3(g) 17.1 18.0(f) 3.9 33.8 24.8(f)
2014 8.0 25.2(f) 16.1(g) 17.7 17.0(f) 3.4 32.5 25.0(f)
2015 8.2(c) 22.9 15.5 17.4 17.0 3.1 31.8 25.5
2016 7.5(c)(d) 24.1 14.8 n.a. 17.4 n.a. 31.6 24.6

Industry 2013 29.2 20.5(f) 27.6(g) 44.6 30.7(f) 16.7 15.2 21.0(f)
2014 28.3 21.7(f) 27.6(g) 42.9 30.0(f) 18.5 15.1 20.9(f)
2015 27.2(c) 22.9 28.2 43.2 29.7 22.0 14.9 19.0
2016 27.3(c)(d) 22.0 28.8 n.a. 28.8 n.a. 14.2 19.4

(f) (g) (f)
Services 2013 56.4 53.9 56.1 38.3 51.3 79.5 51.0 54.2(f)
2014 56.9 53.1(f) 56.3(g) 39.4 53.0(f) 78.1 52.4 54.1(f)
2015 57.4(c) 54.2 56.4 39.4 53.2 74.9 53.3 55.5
2016 56.9(c)(d) 53.9 56.5 n.a. 53.8 n.a. 54.2 56.0
Consumption, Investment and Savings, % of GDP(b)

Private Consumption 2013 67.6 80.6 72.8 51.1 59.7 n.a. n.a. 80.8
2014 67.4 80.5 72.6 n.a. 60.1 n.a. n.a. 80.7
2015 67.4(c) 84.1 72.4 55.3 59.5 n.a. 80.2 79.2
2016 63.8(c)(d) 81.6 69.1 n.a. 58.8 n.a. 84.6 80.0

Government Consumption 2013 7.8 11.7 5.1 17.5 11.3 n.a. n.a. 11.0
2014 8.4 12.4 5.3 n.a. 11.4 n.a. n.a. 10.8
2015 9.0(c) 12.3 5.4 17.8 10.6 n.a. 11.0 11.8
(c)(d)
2016 8.5 12.0 5.9 n.a. 11.7 n.a. 11.6 11.3

Gross Domestic Capital 2013 33.2 17.0 28.4 47.3 32.0 n.a. n.a. 15.0
Formation 2014 32.3 17.7 28.6 n.a. 30.8 n.a. n.a. 15.0
(c)
2015 31.2 19.4 28.9 54.0 33.3 n.a. 38.8 15.1
2016 35.0(c)(d) 17.2 29.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. 33.7 15.6

Gross Domestic Savings 2013 24.6 7.8 22.0 24.1 n.a. n.a. 10.6 8.2
2014 24.2 8.0 22.1 30.7 n.a. n.a. 11.9 8.2
2015 23.6(c) 5.1 22.2 26.9 n.a. n.a. 8.8 9.3
2016 27.6(c)(d) 6.4 25.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 5.3 8.7

Gross National Savings 2013 29.9 23.4 29.8 23.2 32.3 15.7 40.6 13.9
2014 29.8 23.2 29.1 35.0 33.3 16.8 45.7 13.4
2015 28.8(c) 21.4 30.3 32.0 31.8 12.7 44.0 14.7
2016 32.8(c)(d) 25.5 30.9 33.4 29.7 0.4 40.0 13.8
(a) The data is based on the base year 2010 (e) For Sri Lanka, excluding taxes less subsidies Sources : Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2017, ADB
GDP estimates of the Department of on products (GDP = the sum of the gross World Development Indicators 2018
Census and Statistics. value added at basic prices, plus all taxes (World Bank – updated 05/21/2018)
(b) Estimates at current market prices. on products, less all subsidies on products). Department of Census and Statistics
(c) Revised (f) Estimates at current factor cost prices.
(d) Provisional (g) Estimates at current producers’ prices.
169
SRI LANKA AND ASIA
Table 14.4
National Accounts Indicators : Selected East Asian Countries
Ref. Rep. of
Year Korea
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)(a), 2013 912,524 323,277 271,836 1,305,605 302,511 420,529
Mn US $ 2014 890,815 338,062 284,585 1,411,334 308,143 406,522
2015 861,256 296,434 292,774 1,382,764 296,841 399,235
2016 932,259 296,536 304,905 1,411,246 296,976 407,026
GDP Per Capita(a), US$ 2013 3,621 10,882 2,760 25,890 56,029 6,171
2014 3,492 11,184 2,843 27,811 56,336 5,942
2015 3,336 9,649 2,878 27,105 53,630 5,815
2016 3,570 9,508 2,951 27,539 52,962 5,911
GDP Per Capita at PPP, US$ 2013 10,108 23,867 6,546 32,616 81,287 15,611
2014 10,661 25,178 6,953 33,632 84,594 15,977
2015 11,155 26,200 7,331 34,422 86,128 16,566
2016 11,720 27,267 7,812 35,751 87,855 17,270
Growth Rate of Real GDP, % 2013 5.6 4.7 7.1 2.9 5.0 2.7
2014 5.0 6.0 6.1 3.3 3.6 0.9
2015 4.9 5.0 6.1 2.8 1.9 2.9
2016 5.0 4.2 6.9 2.8 2.0 3.2
Sectoral Composition of GDP(a), %
Agriculture 2013 13.7 9.2(b) 11.2 2.3 0.0 11.3

2014 13.7 9.0(b) 11.3 2.3 0.0 10.5
2015 14.0 8.6 10.3 2.3 0.0 9.1
2016 14.0 8.8 9.7 2.2 0.0 8.3
Industry 2013 43.6 40.3(b) 31.2 38.4 24.8 37.0

2014 42.9 40.4(b) 31.4 38.2 24.9 36.8
2015 41.3 39.6 30.8 38.0 26.4 35.7
2016 40.8 38.9 30.9 38.6 26.1 35.8
Services 2013 42.6 50.5(b) 57.9 59.3 75.1 51.7

2014 43.3 50.6(b) 57.3 59.4 75.0 52.7
2015 44.7 51.8 58.9 59.7 73.6 55.1
2016 45.3 52.4 59.5 59.2 73.8 55.8
Consumption, Investment and Savings, % of GDP(a)

Private Consumption 2013 56.2 51.8 73.3 50.9 36.7 52.0

2014 56.1 52.4 72.4 50.4 36.8 52.3
2015 55.9 54.1 73.8 47.1 36.7 51.6
2016 56.5 54.9 73.6 46.4 36.5 49.7
Government Consumption 2013 9.5 13.7 10.8 15.0 10.1 16.9

2014 9.5 13.3 10.4 15.1 10.0 17.1
2015 9.8 13.1 11.0 15.2 10.4 17.2
2016 9.4 12.6 11.1 15.2 11.3 17.1
Gross Domestic Capital Formation

2013 34.0 25.9 20.0 29.1 29.0 27.5
2014 34.7 25.0 20.9 29.2 27.6 24.1
2015 34.6 25.1 20.6 28.5 26.3 24.1
2016 34.3 26.1 24.3 29.2 25.3 22.0
Gross Domestic Savings 2013 33.7 34.5 15.8 34.1 52.8 31.3
2014 33.4 34.3 17.0 34.5 53.2 31.8
2015 32.9 32.7 15.2 35.7 52.7 34.9
2016 32.9 32.5 15.3 36.0 51.2 37.7
Gross National Savings 2013 30.7 29.4 24.2 35.3 47.4 26.3
2014 31.5 29.4 24.3 35.3 48.4 27.7
2015 32.1 28.2 23.7 36.6 44.9 30.3
2016 32.5 28.2 24.5 36.2 44.4 33.5
(a) Estimates at current market prices. Sources : Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2017, ADB
(b) Estimates at current producers’ prices. World Development Indicators 2018
(World Bank – updated 05/21/2018)
170
SRI LANKA AND ASIA
Table 14.5
Inflation(a) : Sri Lanka and Selected Countries
Per cent
Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
SAARC Countries
Sri Lanka(b) 6.2 6.7 7.6 6.9 3.3 2.2 4.0 6.6
Afghanistan 2.2 11.8 6.4 7.4 4.7 -0.7 4.4 5.0
Bangladesh 9.4 11.5 6.2 7.5 7.0 6.2 5.7 5.7
Bhutan 5.7 7.3 9.3 11.3 9.9 6.3 3.9 3.4
India 9.5 9.5 10.0 9.4 5.8 4.9 4.5 3.6
Maldives 6.2 11.3 10.9 3.8 2.1 1.0 0.5 2.8
Nepal 9.6 9.6 8.3 9.9 9.0 7.2 9.9 4.5
Pakistan 10.1 13.7 11.0 7.4 8.6 4.5 2.9 4.1
East Asian Countries (Selected)
Indonesia 5.1 5.3 4.0 6.4 6.4 6.4 3.5 3.8

Malaysia 1.7 3.2 1.7 2.1 3.1 2.1 2.1 3.8
Philippines 3.8 4.7 3.2 2.9 4.2 1.4 1.8 3.2
Republic of Korea 2.9 4.0 2.2 1.3 1.3 0.7 1.0 1.9
Singapore 2.8 5.2 4.6 2.4 1.0 -0.5 -0.5 0.6
Thailand 3.3 3.8 3.0 2.2 1.9 -0.9 0.2 0.7
Industrial Countries (Selected)
Japan -0.7 -0.3 -0.1 0.3 2.8 0.8 -0.1 0.5

United Kingdom 3.3 4.5 2.8 2.6 1.5 0.0 0.7 2.7
United States 1.6 3.1 2.1 1.5 1.6 0.1 1.3 2.1
(a) Percentage change of annual average Consumer Price Index. Sources : World Economic Outlook April 2018 – IMF
(b) 2010 to 2014 – Colombo Consumer Price Index (2006/07 = 100) Department of Census and Statistics
2015 onwards – Colombo Consumer Price Index (2013 = 100)
Inflation – SAARC Countries : 2013–17
14.0
10.0
Per cent
6.0
2.0
-2.0
Sri Lanka Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

171
SRI LANKA AND ASIA
Table 14.6
External Trade and Finance Indicators : SAARC Countries

Year Lanka tan desh
Exports, Mn. US $ 2014 11,130 571 30,098 519 299,596 145 925 25,869
(10.9) (8.8) (9.8) (-0.4) (-12.9) (19.6) (9.4)
2015 10,546 571 30,375 543 258,881 144 797 23,048
(–) (1.6) (9.4) (-9.5) (-0.6) (-7.3) (-7.0)
2016 10,310(a) 596 33,255 481 270,782 n.a. 651 20,853
(4.5) (9.8) (-9.1) (7.3) (n.a.) (-17.8) (-9.6)
Exports Per Capita, US $ 2014 535 20 192 697 236 322 34 138
2015 502 20 191 717 202 308 28 120
2016 486 20 207 626 208 n.a. 23 107

Imports, Mn. US $ 2014 19,417 7,729 40,869 901 432,399 1,990 7,187 46,093
(-11.4) (5.3) (12.7) (0.8) (15.1) (28.3) (6.5)
2015 18,935 7,723 40,276 945 375,611 1,893 7,240 44,472
(-0.1) (-0.8) (9.8) (-9.0) (-4.9) (8.4) (0.7)
2016 19,183(a) 6,534 42,684 1,008 375,136 n.a. 7,183 44,652
(-15.4) (6.2) (9.4) (2.4) (n.a.) (-0.1) (0.3)

Imports Per Capita, US $ 2014 934 275 261 1,209 341 4,423 260 245
2015 902 270 253 1,248 293 4,057 259 232
2016 905 224 265 1,311 289 n.a. 254 229

Export / Import Ratio 2014 0.57 0.07 0.74 0.58 0.69 0.07 0.13 0.56
2015 0.56 0.07 0.75 0.57 0.69 0.08 0.11 0.52
2016 0.54 0.09 0.78 0.48 0.72 n.a. 0.09 0.47

Balance of Trade(b), 2014 -8,287.0 -6,115 -7,481.9 -394.1 -144,047.4 -1,660.0 -6,558.2 -17,877.0
Mn, US $ 2015 -8,388.0 -6,435 -6,120.2 -427.0 -136,884.2 -1,655.0 -5,697.6 -16,677.0
2016 -8,873.0(a) n.a. -6,229.7 -538.0 n.a. -1,839.5 -7,995.6 -19,910.0

Current A/c Balance, 2014 -1,987.7 -3,919.9 755.8 -483.5 -27,314.3 -117.8 496.2 -3,616.0
Mn, US $ 2015 -1,882.8 -5,056.7 2,579.6 -572.3 -22,456.8 -294.1 2,446.6 -2,122.0
2016 -1,742.4(a) n.a. 1,279.0 -617.6 n.a. -840.0 -168.1 -5,036.0

Total Reserves Minus 2014 7,316 6,681 21,785 1,245 303,455 627 6,027 11,807
Gold, Mn, US $ 2015 6,543 6,232 27,023 1,103 344,311 576 7,937 17,830
2016 5,189(a) 6,476 31,776 1,127 341,145 478 8,498 19,650

External Debt, Mn, US $ 2015 44,839 2,489 38,640 1,956 479,559 943 4,155 65,482

External Debt Service /
Exports Ratio(c), % 2015 28.2 2.9 4.1 17.8 10.9 3.5 8.3 12.9

Exchange Rate for US $(d) 2014 130.56 57.25 77.64 61.03 61.03 15.38 97.55 101.10
2015 135.94 61.14 77.95 64.15 64.15 15.37 102.41 102.77
2016 145.60 67.87 78.47 67.20 67.20 15.37 107.38 104.77
(a) Revised Sources : International Financial Statistics, 2018 April, IMF

(b) Exports less imports. International Financial Statistics, Yearbook 2017, IMF
Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2017, ADB
(c) Total debt service includes principal and interest payments
on long term debt, interest payments on short term debt,
and IMF repurchases and charges.
(d) Units of domestic currency (annual average) per US dollar.
Note : Annual change (%) is given within parenthesis.
172
SRI LANKA AND ASIA
Table 14.7
External Trade and Finance Indicators : Selected East Asian Countries
Ref. Rep. of
Year Korea
Exports, Mn. US $ 2014 175,981 218,691 62,102 572,665 398,536 223,360

(-3.6) (6.3) (9.5) (2.3) (0.1) (5.3)
2015 150,366 181,202 58,827 526,757 348,806 203,189
(-14.6) (1.6) (-5.3) (-8.0) (-6.5) (-0.4)
2016 144,490 175,041 56,313 495,426 322,008 210,866
(-3.9) (1.1) (-4.3) (-5.9) (-5.1) (3.0)

Exports Per Capita, US $ 2014 698 7,147 622 11,295 72,461 3,334
2015 589 5,808 579 10,329 63,419 3,022
2016 559 5,529 546 9,676 57,501 3,126

Imports, Mn. US $ 2014 178,179 195,125 65,398 525,515 362,563 206,341
(-4.5) (5.3) (4.8) (1.9) (-1.4) (-2.5)
2015 142,695 159,855 71,067 436,499 300,286 177,529
(-19.9) (0.4) (8.7) (-16.9) (-11.5) (-5.8)
2016 135,653 155,604 80,834 406,193 278,141 175,651
(-4.9) (1.9) (13.7) (-6.9) (-4.7) (-1.8)

Imports Per Capita, US $ 2014 706 6,377 655 10,365 65,921 3,080
2015 558 5,124 699 8,559 54,597 2,640
2016 524 4,915 783 7,933 49,668 2,604

Export / Import Ratio 2014 0.99 1.12 0.95 1.09 1.10 1.08
2015 1.05 1.13 0.83 1.21 1.16 1.14
2016 1.07 1.12 0.70 1.22 1.16 1.20

Balance of Trade(a), 2014 6,982.6 34,605.1 -17,330.4 88,885.4 81,712.2 17,263.1
Mn, US $ 2015 14,048.6 27,943.9 -23,309.2 122,269.2 82,848.0 26,841.1
2016 15,436.5 24,376.6 -34,079.5 120,445.7 82,786.2 n.a.

Current A/c Balance, 2014 -27,509.9 14,846.5 10,755.9 84,373.0 60,818.9 15,285.7
Mn, US $ 2015 -17,518.7 9,067.6 7,265.7 105,939.6 53,756.9 32,149.0
2016 -16,909.1 6,920.9 600.7 98,677.4 56,501.1 n.a.

Total Reserves Minus 2014 108,836 114,572 72,057 358,785 256,643 151,253
Gold, Mn, US $ 2015 103,268 93,979 73,964 363,149 247,534 151,266
2016 113,493 93,072 73,433 366,308 246,365 166,157

External Debt, Mn, US $ 2015 308,540 190,951 77,725 395,400 – 129,654

External Debt Service /
Exports Ratio(b), % 2015 32.1 6.1 9.9 27.1 – 6.9

Exchange Rate for US $(c) 2014 11,865.20 3.27 44.40 1,053.00 1.27 32.48
2015 13,389.40 3.91 45.50 1,131.20 1.37 34.25
2016 13,308.30 4.15 47.50 1,160.40 1.38 35.30
(a) Exports less imports. Sources : International Financial Statistics, 2018 April, IMF
(b) Total debt service includes principal and interest payments International Financial Statistics, Yearbook 2017, IMF
on long term debt, interest payments on short term debt, and Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2017, ADB
IMF repurchases and charges.
(c) Units of domestic currency (annual average) per US dollar.
Note : Annual change (%) is given within parenthesis.
173
SRI LANKA AND ASIA
Table 14.8
Monetary and Fiscal Operations : SAARC Countries

Year Lanka tan desh
Reserve Money, Mn. US $ 2014 4,410 4,694 17,749 549 278,986 812 4,050 27,498
2015 4,675 4,082 20,308 389 304,409 667 4,920 32,942
2016 5,715 4,647 24,137 504 208,932 583 5,222 40,196
Narrow Money, Mn. US $ 2014 4,671 6,655 18,991 684 345,746 727 3,566 78,971
2015 4,963 5,725 21,442 670 370,768 866 4,762 88,778
2016 5,184 6,333 25,978 768 294,185 875 4,872 103,477
Broad Money, Mn. US $ 2014 29,575 6,961 95,094 1,184 1,613,071 1,764 16,926 129,794
2015 31,695 6,098 106,766 1,175 1,705,056 1,980 19,566 139,497
2016 36,085 6,811 121,227 1,378 1,772,154 1,976 22,814 158,643
% of GDP 2014 37.3 33.8 55.0 60.9 79.3 47.7 84.6 53.1
2015 39.3 31.7 54.7 57.0 81.6 49.4 91.4 51.6
2016 44.1 35.0 54.8 62.3 78.3 46.8 108.0 56.9

Composition of Broad Money (%)

Currency 2016 7.9 47.5 12.8 8.9 10.5 8.9 13.3 20.0
Demand Deposits 2016 6.4 45.5 9.5 46.7 11.9 35.4 7.2 42.0
Quasi-Money 2016 85.6 7.0 73.8 44.4 84.2 55.8 70.9 14.0

% Change of Money(a)
Narrow Money 2015 16.8 1.2 13.7 2.6 12.3 19.1 43.7 17.3
2016 8.6 8.7 21.5 17.6 -18.6 1.0 3.0 16.4
Broad Money 2015 17.8 3.1 13.1 3.9 10.7 12.3 24.4 12.2
2016 18.4 9.7 13.8 20.3 6.6 -0.2 17.4 13.6

Causal Factors in Broad Money,
Mn. US $
Net Foreign Assets 2016 -1,544 8,720 29,624 1,077 366,472 506 8,877 13,942
Domestic Credit 2016 44,537 -241 101,814 1,046 1,811,943 2,338 16,766 128,252
Net Other Items 2016 -6,908 -1,669 -14,999 -745 -289,434 -867 -4,801 -21,670

Money Multiplier(b)
for Narrow Money 2014 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.9 2.9
2015 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.0 2.7
2016 0.9 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.5 0.9 2.6
for Broad Money 2014 6.7 1.5 5.4 2.2 5.8 2.2 4.2 4.7
2015 6.8 1.5 5.3 3.0 5.6 3.0 4.0 4.2
2016 6.3 1.5 5.0 2.7 8.5 3.4 4.4 3.9

Income Velocity of Money(c)
of Narrow Money 2014 17.0 3.1 9.1 2.8 5.9 5.1 5.6 3.1
2015 16.2 3.4 9.1 3.1 5.6 4.6 4.5 3.0
2016 15.8 3.1 8.5 2.9 7.7 4.8 4.3 2.7

of Broad Money 2014 2.7 3.0 1.8 1.6 1.3 2.1 1.2 1.9
2015 2.5 3.2 1.8 1.8 1.2 2.0 1.1 1.9
2016 2.3 2.9 1.8 1.6 1.3 2.1 0.9 1.8

Fiscal Operation Indicators,
% of GDP
Revenue 2016 14.2(d) 10.3 10.0 17.8 9.8 37.1 20.5 15.3
Total Expenditure 2016 19.6(d) 25.7 13.7 29.4 13.4 45.0 26.4 20.6
Budget Surplus (+) / Deficit (-)
2016 -5.4(d) -0.1 -3.7 -1.0 -3.5 -5.8 -4.5 -4.5
(a) Percentage change of amounts in domestic currency. Sources : International Financial Statistics, Yearbook 2017, IMF
(b) Ratio of Money to Reserve Money. Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2017, ADB
(c) Ratio of GDP to Money. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(d) Based on revised GDP estimates for 2015 and 2016 made available on
20 March 2018 by the Department of Census and Statistics
174
SRI LANKA AND ASIA
Table 14.9
Monetary and Fiscal Operations : Selected East Asian Countries
Ref. Rep. of
Year Korea
Reserve Money, Mn. US $ 2014 79,849 35,646 52,082 106,244 41,823 48,893
2015 74,658 32,010 52,301 112,101 43,075 45,755
2016 79,640 31,469 55,366 118,767 44,579 48,939

Narrow Money, Mn. US $ 2014 75,741 98,976 51,977 532,905 121,377 51,010
2015 76,509 84,023 56,553 604,224 113,791 49,268
2016 92,114 84,820 61,626 658,716 119,141 52,029
Broad Money, Mn. US $ 2014 335,476 433,417 202,957 1,889,597 388,205 509,951
2015 329,743 364,366 209,640 1,916,738 368,965 486,331
2016 372,505 357,476 224,985 1,993,425 387,646 510,449

% of GDP 2014 37.7 128.2 71.3 133.9 126.0 125.4
2015 38.3 122.9 71.6 138.6 124.3 121.8
2016 40.0 120.6 73.8 141.3 130.5 125.4

Composition of Broad Money (%)

Currency 2015 10.1 5.3 8.2 3.6 6.9 7.3
Demand Deposits 2015 14.6 18.4 19.2 29.4 23.9 2.9
Quasi-Money 2015 75.3 78.2 54.2 67.0 69.3 89.8

% Change of Money(a)
Narrow Money 2015 12.0 4.1 15.0 20.9 0.1 5.8
2016 17.3 5.7 15.1 12.3 7.7 4.8
Broad Money 2015 9.0 3.0 9.2 8.2 1.5 4.4

2016 10.0 2.7 13.3 7.1 8.0 4.2

Causal Factors in Broad Money,
Mn. US $
Net Foreign Assets 2016 96,676 115,967 86,509 442,309 217,323 171,122
Domestic Credit 2016 389,275 392,374 184,700 2,192,030 382,342 507,622
Net Other Items 2016 -113,446 -142,539 46,061 -640,915 -212,020 -168,295

Money Multiplier(b)
for Narrow Money 2014 0.9 2.8 1.0 5.0 2.9 1.0
2015 1.0 2.6 1.1 5.4 2.6 1.1
2016 1.2 2.7 1.1 5.5 2.7 1.1
for Broad Money 2014 4.2 12.2 3.9 17.8 9.3 10.4
2015 4.4 11.4 4.0 17.1 8.6 10.6
2016 4.7 11.4 4.1 16.8 8.7 10.4

Income Velocity of Money(c)
of Narrow Money 2014 11.8 3.4 5.5 2.6 2.5 8.0
2015 11.3 3.5 5.2 2.3 2.6 8.1
2016 10.1 3.5 4.9 2.1 2.5 7.8

of Broad Money 2014 2.7 0.8 1.4 0.7 0.8 0.8
2015 2.6 0.8 1.4 0.7 0.8 0.8
2016 2.5 0.8 1.4 0.7 0.8 0.8

Fiscal Operation Indicators,
% of GDP
Revenue 2016 12.5 17.3 15.2 22.7 22.5(d) 18.8
Total Expenditure 2016 15.0 20.4 17.5 20.9 18.1(d) 19.5
Budget Surplus (+) / Deficit (-)
2016 -2.5 -3.1 -2.4 1.0 4.4(d) -0.7
(a) Percentage change of amounts in domestic currency. Sources : International Financial Statistics, Yearbook 2017, IMF
(b) Ratio of Money to Reserve Money. Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2017, ADB
(c) Ratio of GDP to Money.
(d) 2015 data.
175
SRI LANKA AND ASIA
Table 14.10
Social Indicators : SAARC Countries
Year Lanka tan desh
Human Development Index(a)
(Max.: 1.000 ; Min.: 0.000) 2015 0.766 0.479 0.579 0.607 0.624 0.701 0.558 0.550
Literacy Rate, % Male 2015 94.1(b) 51.5 75.6(b) 71.1 80.9 99.8 75.8 69.6
(15 Years and over) Female 92.2(b) 23.9 69.9(b) 55.1 63.0 98.9 54.8 42.7
Labour Force Participation Rate, %
Male 2015 74.5(c)(d) 83.6 83.0 72.8 79.1 78.8 86.8 82.2
Female 36.6(c)(d) 9.1 43.1 58.7 26.8 57.3 79.7 24.3
Unemployment Rate, % 2015 4.2(c)(d) 8.2(e) 4.4(f) 2.5(g) 4.9(g) 5.2(g) 3.0(g) 5.9
Employment (% of total employment)
Agriculture 2016 26.1(c) 39.5 42.7 58.0(h) 53.2(i) 10.4(g) 65.6(e) 42.3(h)
Industry 2016 28.4(c) 14.8 20.5 9.6(h) 21.5(i) 18.8(g) 9.8(e) 23.6(h)
Services 2016 45.5(c) 45.7 36.9 32.4(h) 25.3(i) 70.8(g) 24.6(e) 34.2(h)
Population below the
Income Poverty Line(j), % 2005–2014 n.a. 35.8 31.5 12.0 21.9 15.7 25.2 29.5
Physicians per 10,000 population 2014 9.5(c) 3.0 3.9(k) 2.6 7.3 15.8(l) n.a. 8.1
Hospital Beds per 10,000 people 2014 36.0(c) 5.0(k) 6.0(e) 18.0(k) 7.0(e) 43.0(i) n.a. 6.0(k)
Internet Subscriptions per 100 Persons 2016 27.5(c) 11 18 42 30 59 20 16
Telephones per 1,000 Persons
(Main Lines) 2016 121(c) 3 5 27 19 58 30 16
(Mobile Phones) 2016 1436(c) 660 779 888 870 2,230 1,117 714
(a) A composite index of life expectancy, education and income.

Sources : Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2017, ADB
(b) 2016 (c) 2017
Human Development Report 2016, UNDP
(d) In July 2016, DCS published a re-weighted and revised labour force data series for 2011 onwards.
(e) 2011 (f) 2013 (g) 2014 (h) 2015 (i) 2009
(j) National Poverty Line (Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified).
(k) 2012 (l) 2010
Table 14.11
Social Indicators : Selected East Asian Countries
Ref. Rep. of
Year Korea
Human Development Index(a)
(Max.: 1.000 ; Min.: 0.000) 2015 0.689 0.789 0.682 0.901 0.925 0.740
Literacy Rate, % Male 2015 97.2(b) 96.2 96.2 98.3(b) 98.7(c) 94.7
(15 Years and over) Female 93.6(b) 93.1 97.0 97.6(b) 95.4(c) 91.2
Labour Force Participation Rate, %
Male 2015 83.9 77.6 78.8 71.8 76.4 80.2
Female 50.9 49.3 50.5 50.0 58.2 62.9
Unemployment Rate, % 2015 5.6(b) 3.1 6.3 3.7(b) 2.8(d) 0.2
Employment (% of total employment)
Agriculture 2016 32.9(e) 11.4 27.0 4.9 0.1 31.2
Industry 2016 21.8(e) 27.5 17.5 24.9 16.0 23.7
Services 2016 45.3(e) 61.1 55.6 70.2 83.9 45.2
Population below the
Income Poverty Line(f), % 2005–2014 11.3 n.a. 25.2 n.a. n.a. 10.5
Physicians per 10,000 population 2014 2.0(g) 12.8(h) n.a. 22.3(d) 19.1(i) 3.9(j)
Hospital Beds per 10,000 people 2014 9.0(g) 19.0(g) 10.0(h) 103.0(k) 20.0(h) 21.0(j)
Internet Subscriptions per 100 Persons 2016 25 79 56 93 81 48
(Main Lines) 2016 40 145 37 561 350 70
(Mobile Phones) 2016 1,491 1,412 1,092 1,227 1,469 1,726
(a) A composite index of life expectancy, education and income. Sources : Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2017, ADB
(b) 2016 (c) 2008 (d) 2014 (e) 2015 Human Development Report 2017, UNDP
(f) National Poverty Line (Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified).
(g) 2012 (h) 2011 (i) 2013 (j) 2010 (k) 2009
176
SRI LANKA AND ASIA
Table 14.12
Doing Business Ranking(a) – 2018 : SAARC Countries
Sri Afghanis- Bangla-

Lanka tan desh
Overall Rank
111 183 177 75 100 136 105 147
Starting a business 77 107 131 88 156 68 109 142

Dealing with construction permits 76 185 130 82 181 54 157 141
Getting electricity 93 163 185 56 29 143 133 167
Registering property 157 186 185 56 154 174 84 170
Getting credit 122 105 159 77 29 133 90 105
Protecting minority investors 43 189 76 124 4 132 62 20
Paying taxes 158 176 152 17 119 118 146 172
Trading across borders 86 175 173 26 146 152 76 171
Enforcing contracts 165 181 189 25 164 106 153 156
Resolving insolvency 88 161 152 168 103 139 76 82
(a) As per the new methodology. Source : Doing Business Ranking – 2018
World Bank
Table 14.13
Doing Business Ranking(a) – 2018 : Selected East Asian Countries
Rep. of
Korea
Overall Rank 72 24 113 4 2 26
Starting a business 144 111 173 9 6 36

Dealing with construction permits 108 11 101 28 16 43
Getting electricity 38 8 31 2 12 13
Registering property 106 42 114 39 19 68
Getting credit 55 20 142 55 29 42
Protecting minority investors 43 4 146 20 4 16
Paying taxes 114 73 105 24 7 67
Trading across borders 112 61 99 33 42 57
Enforcing contracts 145 44 149 1 2 34
Resolving insolvency 38 46 59 5 27 26
(a) As per the new methodology. Source : Doing Business Ranking – 2018
World Bank
177
WORLD TABLES
Table 15.1
World Tea Production – Land, Area, Exports and Imports 2008 – 2016
Country 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Production (Mn.kgs.)
Sri Lanka 318.7 289.8 331.4 328.6 328.4 340.0 338.0 329.0 292.6
Bangladesh 58.7 60.0 61.6 65.9 62.2 66.3 64.5 66.3 82.7
China 1,257.6 1,358.6 1,475.1 1,623.2 1,789.8 1,924.5 2,095.7 2,249.0 2,350.0
India 980.8 979.0 966.4 1,115.7 1,126.3 1,200.4 1,207.3 1,208.7 1,267.4
Indonesia 153.3 152.6 151.0 142.3 137.8 136.9 135.7 129.3 125.5
Total Asia 3,335.1 3,403.7 3,552.1 3,859.8 4,011.4 4,242.9 4,423.2 4,564.5 4,712.7
Kenya 345.8 314.2 399.0 377.9 369.6 432.5 445.1 399.2 473.0
Malawi 41.6 52.6 51.6 47.1 42.5 46.5 45.9 39.5 43.1
Total Africa 519.9 513.5 610.0 583.1 571.9 643.2 668.5 607.9 679.3
Total CIS 7.8 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.8
Total South America 93.7 85.1 102.8 103.5 93.7 90.6 92.1 91.3 93.8
Total Oceania 8.4 8.4 8.5 8.1 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.3 8.6
Total World 3,964.9 4,018.5 4,281.2 4,562.4 4,693.0 4,993.0 5,200.3 5,280.5 5,503.2

Land Area (’000 ha.)
Sri Lanka 188.3 188.2 188.0 187.9 187.0 187.0 187.9 188.0 202.8
Bangladesh 54.1 54.7 54.9 54.4 54.5 55.0 56.0 56.8 59.0
China 1,719.4 1,848.5 1,970.2 2,112.5 2,279.9 2,468.8 2,649.8 2,791.4 2,920.0
India 560.5 560.6 560.6 579.4 564.0 564.0 566.7 566.7 577.5
Indonesia 139.4 124.1 122.8 122.8 122.2 122.5 121.0 119.4 118.1
Total Asia 3,054.4 3,165.8 3,285.1 3,443.8 3,592.3 3,783.7 3,980.3 4,120.6 4,281.0
Kenya 157.7 158.4 171.9 187.9 190.7 198.7 203.0 209.4 218.5
Malawi 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.6
Total Africa 271.1 270.6 287.5 307.6 311.8 323.2 330.3 339.3 350.7
Total CIS 38.5 38.3 38.3 38.4 38.4 37.4 36.4 36.4 36.5
Total South America 48.6 49.0 49.5 49.9 49.6 48.6 48.6 48.3 48.6
Total Oceania 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.9
Total World 3,417.3 3,528.4 3,665.1 3,844.4 3,996.9 4,197.7 4,400.4 4,549.4 4,721.5

Percentage Share of
World Tea Exports
Sri Lanka 18.1 17.3 16.6 17.1 17.2 16.6 17.4 16.8 15.6
China (mainland) 18.0 18.8 16.9 18.3 18.2 17.9 16.5 18.1 18.3
India 12.1 12.1 12.2 12.1 11.6 11.6 11.2 12.5 12.1
Indonesia 5.8 5.7 4.9 4.3 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 2.9
Taiwan 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3
Turkey 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3
Vietnam 6.3 8.0 7.7 7.4 8.1 7.6 7.2 7.4 7.9
Other Asia 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.5
Total Asia 62.2 63.5 59.8 60.7 60.7 59.2 57.9 60.1 58.9
Kenya 23.2 21.2 24.7 23.9 24.3 26.6 27.4 24.7 26.7
Malawi 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.0 2.2 1.7 1.6
Ruwanda 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3
Tanzaniya 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.9 1.5
Uganda 2.6 3.0 3.0 2.6 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.8
Zimbabwe 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8
Other Africa 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4
Total Africa 32.2 31.4 34.7 33.7 34.3 36.2 37.3 34.9 36.1
Argentina 4.7 4.3 4.8 4.9 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.4
Other South America 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Total Others 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total World Exports
(Mt ’000) 1,652.4 1,615.1 1,785.9 1,762.0 1,772.9 1,858.0 1,823.5 1,793.9 1,797.9
Contd.
178
WORLD TABLES
Table 15.1 (Contd.)

World Tea Production – Land, Area, Exports and Imports 2008 – 2016
Country 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
World Tea Imports for

Consumption (Mn. kgs.)
Europe
France 15.1 13.9 15.3 14.9 14.7 15.1 13.0 14.8 12.2
Germany 23.8 19.0 24.9 25.9 29.8 28.7 31.3 32.8 32.2
Ireland (Republic) 9.9 10.7 10.2 8.6 6.7 7.0 7.8 7.3 7.9
Poland 31.0 28.7 29.4 34.0 29.5 32.4 35.6 34.8 35.5
Russian Federation 175.0 175.2 174.6 180.3 165.8 156.3 168.0 169.0 160.0
Other CIS 82.3 87.6 91.8 94.2 105.2 102.0 94.0 92.5 86.7
United Kingdom 129.8 120.1 119.2 128.1 123.3 115.3 106.3 114.9 107.2
Other Europe 46.7 45.2 45.3 44.5 45.0 45.5 46.6 46.0 45.2
Sub Total 513.6 500.4 510.7 530.5 520.0 502.3 502.7 512.1 486.9

North America and West Indies

Canada 15.2 15.7 15.9 17.5 16.4 16.5 17.3 16.3 17.6
USA 116.7 110.9 126.8 127.5 125.7 130.2 129.2 129.7 131.1
Other Countries 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.8 2.4
Sub Total 133.7 128.3 144.6 146.9 144.1 148.7 148.6 148.8 151.1

Latin America
Chile 22.4 18.0 21.4 21.9 21.1 20.4 21.2 21.3 20.9
Other Countries 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.4 5.6 6.3 6.4 6.7 7.1
Sub Total 27.1 22.9 26.4 27.3 26.7 26.7 27.6 28.0 28.0

Asia
Afghanistan 40.3 48.0 57.7 46.6 49.3 71.8 68.0 54.5 55.7
Dubai 60.0 54.0 63.0 53.0 46.4 57.4 67.0 68.0 62.0
Jordan 13.7 11.8 15.8 9.0 10.2 9.9 6.7 7.1 6.8
Iran 61.6 50.5 55.0 66.5 70.5 80.0 61.1 59.5 65.4
Iraq 39.5 43.8 41.4 40.8 38.9 33.4 31.3 37.0 39.3
Pakistan 99.1 85.7 120.3 126.2 131.3 126.6 137.9 151.9 173.8
Saudi Arabia 15.6 13.5 14.8 16.4 14.6 15.2 16.0 16.7 16.2
Syria 32.2 30.3 27.3 28.0 24.2 20.2 14.0 12.0 13.3
Yeman 14.3 14.4 16.0 14.8 13.9 17.7 16.7 13.4 12.5
Other Asian
Countries 52.4 58.6 61.4 60.7 59.5 72.4 78.6 71.8 71.2
Sub Total 428.7 410.6 472.7 462.0 458.8 504.6 497.3 491.9 516.2

Africa
Egypt 107.0 77.6 93.5 84.0 98.4 100.7 103.3 87.9 88.5
Libya 9.0 9.5 12.4 8.9 20.0 10.8 15.0 14.3 15.0
Morocco 48.2 53.7 56.3 58.5 53.7 57.3 59.0 64.4 67.3
South Africa 19.3 19.5 19.8 19.5 17.0 17.7 19.9 19.9 19.0
Sudan 21.4 23.2 29.1 25.0 23.5 28.2 27.0 29.0 26.0
Tunisia 11.7 8.8 10.5 12.8 8.0 6.8 7.0 6.4 5.6
Other African
Countries 89.6 88.4 100.6 104.6 104.5 123.5 122.9 126.3 122.4
Sub Total 306.2 280.7 322.2 313.3 325.1 345.0 354.1 348.2 343.8

Oceania
Australia 12.7 12.3 12.5 11.8 11.4 11.8 11.6 10.5 10.7
Other Oceanian
Countries 5.6 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.9
Sub Total 18.3 18.1 18.4 17.6 17.1 17.6 17.5 16.5 16.6

Major Producing
Countries in Asia 142.7 141.6 160.9 174.2 173.1 189.8 192.2 174.5 175.0

Total Imports 1,570.3 1,502.6 1,656.0 1,671.9 1,664.9 1,734.7 1,739.9 1,720.0 1,717.6
Source : Annual Statistics Bulletin – 2017, International Tea Committee

179
WORLD TABLES
Table 15.2
Growth of Real GDP
Per cent
Average
Region / Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
2000–2009
Advanced Economies 1.8 3.0 1.7 1.2 1.3 2.1 2.3 1.7 2.3
Australia 3.1 2.4 2.7 3.9 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.3
Canada 2.1 3.1 3.1 1.7 2.5 2.9 1.0 1.4 3.0
Denmark 1.0 1.9 1.3 0.2 0.9 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.1
France 1.4 2.0 2.1 0.2 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.8
Germany 0.8 3.9 3.7 0.7 0.6 1.9 1.5 1.9 2.5
Greece 2.7 -5.5 -9.1 -7.3 -3.2 0.7 -0.3 -0.2 1.4
Japan 0.5 4.2 -0.1 1.5 2.0 0.4 1.4 0.9 1.7
Korea 4.7 6.5 3.7 2.3 2.9 3.3 2.8 2.8 3.1
Israel 3.5 5.5 5.2 2.2 4.2 3.5 2.6 4.0 3.3
Italy 0.5 1.7 0.6 -2.8 -1.7 0.1 1.0 0.9 1.5
New Zealand 2.9 2.0 1.9 2.5 2.2 3.2 4.2 4.2 3.0
Singapore 5.2 15.2 6.4 4.1 5.1 3.9 2.2 2.4 3.6
Sweden 2.0 6.0 2.7 -0.3 1.2 2.6 4.5 3.2 2.4
United Kingdom 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 2.1 3.1 2.3 1.9 1.8
United States 1.8 2.5 1.6 2.2 1.7 2.6 2.9 1.5 2.3

Emerging and Developing
Economies 6.4 7.4 6.4 5.4 5.1 4.7 4.3 4.4 4.8
Sub-Saharan Africa 5.7 7.0 5.1 4.4 5.3 5.1 3.4 1.4 2.8
Botswana 3.4 8.6 6.0 4.5 11.3 4.1 -1.7 4.3 2.2
Ethiopia 8.4 10.6 11.4 8.7 9.9 10.3 10.4 8.0 10.9
Ghana 5.4 7.9 14.0 9.3 7.3 4.0 3.8 3.7 8.4
Kenya 3.4 8.4 6.1 4.6 5.9 5.4 5.7 5.8 4.8
Nigeria 8.3 11.3 4.9 4.3 5.4 6.3 2.7 -1.6 0.8
South Africa 3.6 3.0 3.3 2.2 2.5 1.8 1.3 0.6 1.3
Tanzania 6.2 6.4 7.9 5.1 7.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.0
Uganda 7.5 7.7 6.8 2.2 4.7 4.6 5.7 2.3 4.5
Zimbabwe -6.1 15.4 16.3 13.6 5.3 2.8 1.4 0.7 3.0
Emerging & Developing Asia 8.1 9.6 7.9 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.5 6.5
Bangladesh 5.8 6.0 6.5 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.8 7.2 7.1
Bhutan 8.2 9.3 9.7 6.4 3.6 4.0 6.1 6.3 6.0
China 10.3 10.6 9.5 7.9 7.8 7.3 6.9 6.7 6.9
Fiji 0.9 3.0 2.7 1.4 4.7 5.6 3.8 0.4 3.8
India 6.9 10.3 6.6 5.5 6.4 7.4 8.2 7.1 6.7
Indonesia 5.3 6.4 6.2 6.0 5.6 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.1
Malaysia 4.7 7.5 5.3 5.5 4.7 6.0 5.0 4.2 5.9
Maldives 6.3 7.1 8.4 2.3 7.1 7.6 2.2 4.5 4.8
Myanmar 11.1 5.3 5.6 7.3 8.4 8.0 7.0 5.9 6.7
Nepal 4.1 4.8 3.4 4.8 4.1 6.0 3.3 0.4 7.5
Papua New Guinea 2.8 10.1 1.1 4.6 3.8 12.5 8.0 2.4 2.5
Philippines 4.4 7.6 3.7 6.7 7.1 6.1 6.1 6.9 6.7
Sri Lanka 5.1 8.0 8.4 9.1 3.4 5.0 5.0 4.5 3.3
Thailand 4.3 7.5 0.8 7.2 2.7 1.0 3.0 3.3 3.9
Emerging & Developing Europe
4.7 4.3 6.6 2.5 4.9 3.9 4.7 3.2 5.8
Hungary 2.4 0.7 1.7 -1.6 2.1 4.2 3.4 2.2 4.0
Poland 3.9 3.6 5.0 1.6 1.4 3.3 3.8 2.9 4.6
Romania 4.8 -2.8 2.0 1.2 3.5 3.1 4.0 4.8 7.0
Turkey 3.8 8.5 11.1 4.8 8.5 5.2 6.1 3.2 7.0
Middle East, North Africa,
Afghanistan and Pakistan 5.2 4.7 4.4 5.0 2.6 2.8 2.5 4.9 2.6
Afghanistan n.a. 8.4 6.5 14.0 5.7 2.7 1.3 2.4 2.5
Bahrain 5.6 4.3 2.0 3.7 5.4 4.4 2.9 3.2 3.2
Egypt 5.0 5.1 1.8 2.2 3.3 2.9 4.4 4.3 4.2
Iran 4.8 5.7 3.1 -7.7 -0.3 3.2 -1.6 12.5 4.3
Jordan 6.5 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.1 2.4 2.0 2.3
Kuwait 5.3 -2.4 10.9 7.9 0.4 0.6 -1.0 2.2 -2.5
Pakistan 4.7 2.6 3.6 3.8 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.5 5.3
Saudi Arabia 3.4 4.8 10.3 5.4 2.7 3.7 4.1 1.7 -0.7
Latin America and
the Caribbean 3.0 6.1 4.6 2.9 2.9 1.3 0.3 -0.6 1.3
Argentina 2.3 10.1 6.0 -1.0 2.4 -2.5 2.7 -1.8 2.9
Brazil 3.4 7.5 4.0 1.9 3.0 0.5 -3.5 -3.5 1.0
Chile 4.2 5.8 6.1 5.3 4.1 1.8 2.3 1.3 1.5
Colombia 4.0 4.0 6.6 4.0 4.9 4.4 3.1 2.0 1.8
Jamaica 0.9 -1.4 1.4 -0.5 0.2 0.6 0.8 1.5 1.0
Mexico 1.4 5.1 3.7 3.6 1.4 2.8 3.3 2.9 2.0
Panama 5.5 5.8 11.8 9.2 6.6 6.0 5.8 5.0 5.4
Paraguay 1.9 13.1 4.3 -1.2 14.0 4.7 3.0 4.0 4.3
Peru 5.0 8.5 6.5 6.0 5.8 2.4 3.3 4.1 2.5
Uruguay 2.2 7.8 5.2 3.5 4.6 3.2 0.4 1.5 3.1
World 3.9 5.4 4.3 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.8
n.a. – Not available. Sources : World Economic Outlook, April 2018, IMF
180
WORLD TABLES
Table 15.3
Consumer Price Changes(a) Per cent
Average
Region / Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
2000–2009
Advanced Economies 2.0 1.5 2.7 2.0 1.4 1.4 0.3 0.8 1.7
Australia 3.2 2.9 3.3 1.7 2.5 2.5 1.5 1.3 2.0
Canada 2.1 1.8 2.9 1.5 0.9 1.9 1.1 1.4 1.6
Denmark 2.1 2.3 2.8 2.4 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.3 1.1
France 1.9 1.7 2.3 2.2 1.0 0.6 0.1 0.3 1.2
Germany 1.6 1.2 2.5 2.1 1.6 0.8 0.1 0.4 1.7
Greece 3.2 4.7 3.1 1.0 -0.9 -1.4 -1.1 0.0 1.1
Hong Kong -0.2 2.3 5.3 4.1 4.3 4.4 3.0 2.4 1.5
Israel 2.0 2.7 3.5 1.7 1.5 0.5 -0.6 -0.5 0.2
Italy 2.3 1.6 2.9 3.3 1.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1 1.3
Japan -0.3 -0.7 -0.3 -0.1 0.3 2.8 0.8 -0.1 0.5
Korea 3.1 2.9 4.0 2.2 1.3 1.3 0.7 1.0 1.9
New Zealand 2.7 2.3 4.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.3 0.6 1.9
Singapore 1.5 2.8 5.2 4.6 2.4 1.0 -0.5 -0.5 0.6
Sweden 1.9 1.9 1.4 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.7 1.1 1.9
United Kingdom 1.8 3.3 4.5 2.8 2.6 1.5 0.0 0.7 2.7
United States 2.6 1.6 3.1 2.1 1.5 1.6 0.1 1.3 2.1
Emerging and Developing Economies 7.4 5.6 7.1 5.8 5.5 4.7 4.7 4.3 4.0
Sub-Saharan Africa 10.3 8.1 9.4 9.2 6.6 6.3 7.0 11.3 11.0
Botswana 8.7 6.9 8.5 7.5 5.9 4.4 3.1 2.8 3.3
Ethiopia 10.3 8.1 33.2 24.1 8.1 7.4 10.1 7.3 9.9
Ghana 17.7 6.7 7.7 7.1 11.7 15.5 17.2 17.5 12.4
Kenya 7.3 4.3 14.0 9.4 5.7 6.9 6.6 6.3 8.0
Nigeria 12.3 13.7 10.8 12.2 8.5 8.0 9.0 15.7 16.5
South Africa 6.0 4.3 5.0 5.6 5.8 6.1 4.6 6.3 5.3
Tanzania 6.5 7.2 12.7 16.0 7.9 6.1 5.6 5.2 5.3
Uganda 6.4 3.7 15.0 12.7 4.9 3.1 5.4 5.5 5.6
Zambia 17.2 8.5 8.7 6.6 7.0 7.8 10.1 17.9 6.6
Zimbabwe -5.5 3.0 3.5 3.7 1.6 -0.2 -2.4 -1.6 1.3
Emerging and Developing Asia 4.0 5.1 6.5 4.6 4.6 3.4 2.7 2.8 2.4
Bangladesh 5.6 9.4 11.5 6.2 7.5 7.0 6.2 5.7 5.7
Bhutan 4.8 5.7 7.3 9.3 11.3 9.9 6.3 3.9 3.4
China 1.8 3.3 5.4 2.6 2.6 2.0 1.4 2.0 1.6
Fiji 3.4 3.7 7.3 3.4 2.9 0.5 1.4 3.9 3.4
India 5.9 9.5 9.5 10.0 9.4 5.8 4.9 4.5 3.6
Indonesia 8.5 5.1 5.3 4.0 6.4 6.4 6.4 3.5 3.8
Malaysia 2.2 1.7 3.2 1.7 2.1 3.1 2.1 2.1 3.8
Maldives 3.2 6.2 11.3 10.9 3.8 2.1 1.0 0.5 2.8
Mongolia 8.8 10.2 7.7 15.0 8.6 12.9 5.9 0.6 4.6
Myanmar 18.9 8.2 2.8 2.8 5.7 5.1 10.0 6.8 5.1
Nepal 5.5 9.6 9.6 8.3 9.9 9.0 7.2 9.9 4.5
Papua New Guinea 7.5 5.1 4.4 4.5 5.0 5.2 6.0 6.7 5.2
Philippines 4.9 3.8 4.7 3.2 2.9 4.2 1.4 1.8 3.2
Sri Lanka(b) 8.7 6.2 6.7 7.6 6.9 3.3 2.2 4.0 6.6
Thailand 2.4 3.3 3.8 3.0 2.2 1.9 -0.9 0.2 0.7
Emerging and Developing Europe 12.7 5.7 5.5 6.1 4.5 4.1 3.2 3.2 6.2
Albania 2.7 3.6 3.4 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.3 2.0
Croatia 3.2 1.0 2.3 3.4 2.2 -0.2 -0.5 -1.1 1.1
Hungary 6.1 4.9 3.9 5.7 1.7 -0.2 -0.1 0.4 2.4
Poland 3.5 2.6 4.3 3.7 0.9 0.0 -0.9 -0.6 2.0
Romania 15.6 6.1 5.8 3.3 4.0 1.1 -0.6 -1.6 1.3
Turkey 21.7 8.6 6.5 8.9 7.5 8.9 7.7 7.8 11.1
Commonwealth of Independent States 13.7 7.2 9.8 6.2 6.5 8.1 15.5 8.3 5.5
Georgia 6.3 7.1 8.5 -0.9 -0.5 3.1 4.0 2.1 6.0
Kazakhstan 9.2 7.1 8.3 5.1 5.8 6.7 6.7 14.6 7.4
Russia 13.9 6.9 8.4 5.1 6.8 7.8 15.5 7.1 3.7
Tajikistan 16.0 6.5 12.4 5.8 5.0 6.1 5.8 5.9 7.3
Ukraine 12.9 9.4 8.0 0.6 -0.3 12.1 48.7 13.9 14.4
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan
and Pakistan 6.7 6.6 9.3 9.8 9.2 6.7 5.6 4.7 6.3
Afghanistan n.a. 2.2 11.8 6.4 7.4 4.7 -0.7 4.4 5.0
Algeria 3.2 3.9 4.5 8.9 3.3 2.9 4.8 6.4 5.6
Bahrain 1.6 2.0 -0.4 2.8 3.3 2.7 1.8 2.8 1.4
Egypt 7.0 11.7 11.1 8.6 6.9 10.1 11.0 10.2 23.5
Iran 14.7 12.3 21.5 30.6 34.7 15.6 11.9 9.1 9.9
Jordan 3.6 4.8 4.2 4.5 4.8 2.9 -0.9 -0.8 3.3
Kuwait 2.9 4.5 4.9 3.2 2.7 3.1 3.7 3.5 1.5
Lebanon 2.4 4.0 5.0 6.6 4.8 1.9 -3.7 -0.8 4.5
Pakistan 7.5 10.1 13.7 11.0 7.4 8.6 4.5 2.9 4.1
Saudi Arabia 1.6 3.8 3.8 2.9 3.5 2.2 1.3 2.0 -0.9
Latin America and the Caribbean 6.2 4.2 5.2 4.6 4.6 4.9 5.5 5.6 4.1
Argentina 8.4 10.5 9.8 10.0 10.6 n.a. n.a. n.a. 25.7
Brazil 6.9 5.0 6.6 5.4 6.2 6.3 9.0 8.7 3.4
Chile 3.5 1.4 3.3 3.0 1.9 4.4 4.3 3.8 2.2
Colombia 6.3 2.3 3.4 3.2 2.0 2.9 5.0 7.5 4.3
Jamaica 10.9 12.6 7.5 6.9 9.4 8.3 3.7 2.3 4.4
Mexico 5.2 4.2 3.4 4.1 3.8 4.0 2.7 2.8 6.0
Panama 2.4 3.5 5.9 5.7 4.0 2.6 0.1 0.7 0.9
Paraguay 8.2 4.6 8.2 3.7 2.7 5.0 3.1 4.1 3.6
Peru 2.6 1.5 3.4 3.7 2.8 3.2 3.5 3.6 2.8
Uruguay 8.5 6.7 8.1 8.1 8.6 8.9 8.7 9.6 6.2
(a) Percentage change of annual average Consumer Price Index. Sources : World Economic Outlook, April 2018, IMF
(b) Colombo Consumer Price Index (1952 = 100) was used for 2000 to 2003. Department of Census and Statistics
Colombo Consumer Price Index (2002 = 100) was used from 2004 to 2009.
Colombo Consumer Price Index (2006/07 = 100) was used from 2010 to 2014.
Colombo Consumer Price Index (2013 = 100) was used from 2015 onwards.
n.a. – Not available.
181
WORLD TABLES
Table 15.4
Exports
US dollars Billion
Region / Country 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Advanced Economies 7,852.9 9,282.8 10,771.6 10,539.5 10,689.4 10,836.2 9,613.9 9,537.2
Australia 154.0 212.3 271.7 256.7 253.0 241.2 187.7 191.2
Canada 314.0 387.5 452.1 454.8 458.4 469.9 409.0 389.4
Denmark 91.8 95.8 111.9 106.1 111.4 110.5 94.2 94.2
France 476.1 517.0 585.3 558.6 568.6 568.8 494.8 489.4
Germany 1,120.7 1,261.6 1,476.9 1,408.4 1,451.6 1,492.5 1,323.7 1,335.9
Greece 25.1 28.2 33.9 35.5 36.2 36.0 28.7 28.1
Hong Kong 318.5 390.1 428.7 442.8 459.0 473.7 465.1 462.3
Israel 47.9 58.4 67.6 63.2 66.6 68.6 63.6 60.2
Italy 406.7 446.9 523.3 501.5 517.6 528.1 458.5 455.8
Japan 580.7 769.8 822.6 798.6 714.6 690.2 624.8 644.9
Korea 363.5 466.4 555.2 547.9 559.6 572.7 526.8 535.7
New Zealand 24.8 32.3 37.5 37.4 41.1 40.7 34.3 33.9
Singapore 269.8 351.9 409.5 408.4 410.2 405.3 346.6 338.1
Sweden 131.0 158.1 187.2 172.7 167.6 162.5 140.0 139.5
United Kingdom 356.5 417.8 493.8 476.5 474.1 481.9 439.3 407.2
United States 1,056.0 1,278.5 1,480.3 1,545.7 1,579.0 1,623.4 1,504.6 1,453.8

Emerging and Developing
Economies 4,615.1 5,922.6 7,411.0 7,698.4 7,931.9 7,983.8 6,766.9 6,421.0
Sub-Saharan Africa 238.4 314.7 403.7 398.5 399.9 390.9 306.2 n.a.
Botswana 3.5 4.7 5.9 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Central African Republic 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 n.a. n.a. n.a.
Congo, Republic of 6.1 8.2 11.5 11.0 9.8 8.6 4.6 n.a.
Ethiopia 1.3 1.8 2.6 3.1 3.0 4.5 3.8 n.a.
Kenya 4.5 5.1 5.8 6.1 5.9 6.0 5.9 5.7
South Africa 62.6 81.8 96.9 87.4 83.5 91.2 81.7 76.5
Tanzania 2.4 3.5 4.4 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.9 n.a.
Uganda 3.0 3.1 2.4 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7 n.a.
Zimbabwe 1.6 3.2 4.4 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 2.8
Emerging and Developing Asia 1,943.9 2,562.4 3,109.2 3,297.6 3,492.3 3,671.0 3,491.0 3,334.6
Bangladesh 12.4 14.2 19.8 27.7 29.1 24.3 31.7 34.8
Bhutan 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5
China 1,201.8 1,578.3 1,899.2 2,048.9 2,210.2 2,343.2 2,284.5 2,134.5
Fiji 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.9
India 164.9 226.4 303.0 296.8 314.7 322.5 267.8 264.4
Indonesia 119.6 158.1 200.6 188.5 182.7 176.3 150.4 144.3
Malaysia 157.2 198.6 228.1 227.5 228.3 233.9 199.2 189.4
Maldives 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mongolia 1.9 2.9 4.8 4.4 4.3 5.8 4.7 4.9
Myanmar 6.7 8.7 9.2 8.9 11.2 11.3 11.4 n.a.
Nepal 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.7 n.a.
Papua New Guinea 4.4 5.7 6.9 6.3 6.0 8.8 8.5 n.a.
Philippines 38.4 51.5 48.3 52.1 56.6 62.1 58.6 56.3
Sri Lanka 7.1 8.6 10.6 9.8 10.4 11.1 10.5 10.3
Thailand 151.9 193.4 220.2 227.8 224.9 225.2 211.0 213.9
Vietnam 57.1 71.7 94.5 115.5 132.5 149.6 162.1 176.4
Europe 938.5 1,147.5 1,461.4 1,475.1 1,488.2 1,485.0 1,161.8 1,094.6
Poland 136.6 159.8 188.7 181.8 202.6 218.9 199.4 203.7
Romania 40.6 49.4 62.7 57.9 65.9 69.9 60.6 63.6
Russia 301.2 392.7 515.4 527.4 521.8 497.8 341.5 282.2
Turkey 102.1 113.9 134.9 152.5 151.8 157.6 143.8 142.8
Ukraine 39.7 51.4 68.4 68.8 63.3 53.9 38.1 36.4
Middle East, North Africa and Pakistan 830.3 1,049.9 1382.4 1,456.9 1,473.5 1,390.0 905.4 n.a.
Bahrain 11.9 15.4 19.7 20.5 17.5 20.5 11.2 n.a.
Egypt 23.1 26.4 30.5 29.4 28.5 24.7 19.1 n.a.
Jordan 6.5 7.0 8.0 7.9 7.9 8.4 7.8 7.5
Kuwait 54.0 62.7 102.7 114.5 114.1 100.8 54.1 46.2
Pakistan 17.5 21.4 25.4 24.6 25.1 24.7 22.1 20.6
Saudi Arabia 192.3 251.1 364.7 388.4 375.9 342.3 203.5 182.3
United Arab Emirates 185.0 220.0 285.0 300.0 365.0 359.0 265.0 n.a.
Western Hemisphere 678.3 860.9 1,072.8 1,085.3 1,088.9 1,055.3 896.7 875.9
Argentina 56.1 64.7 84.3 75.2 83.0 71.9 59.7 57.7
Brazil 153.0 201.9 256.0 242.6 242.0 225.1 191.1 185.3
Chile 52.0 69.0 80.0 79.7 77.9 74.5 64.1 59.9
Guyana 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.1 n.a.
Jamaica 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.3 n.a.
Mexico 229.7 298.1 349.6 370.9 380.1 397.7 380.8 373.9
Panama 0.9 0.8 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Paraguay 5.1 6.5 7.8 7.3 9.5 9.6 8.4 8.5
Peru 27.1 35.8 46.4 47.4 42.9 39.5 34.4 37.0
Uruguay 5.4 6.7 8.0 8.6 8.8 9.5 7.7 7.2
World 12,430.3 15,154.5 18,116.0 18,166.6 18,545.5 18,744.7 16,323.7 15,931.0
n.a. – Not available. Sources : International Financial Statistics, Yearbook 2017, IMF
182
WORLD TABLES
Table 15.5
Imports
US dollars Billion
Region / Country 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Advanced Economies 8,321.5 9,864.8 11,543.4 11,338.6 11,361.5 11,527.6 10,109.6 9,994.1
Australia 165.5 201.6 243.7 260.9 242.1 236.9 208.7 196.1
Canada 330.9 403.9 464.8 476.3 475.8 480.0 436.3 416.6
Denmark 80.4 83.2 96.4 92.3 98.4 99.1 84.5 85.0
France 560.5 608.7 712.9 667.3 673.5 670.2 564.8 561.7
Germany 926.2 1,056.2 1256.2 1,164.6 1,192.8 1,209.3 1,052.9 1,056.5
Greece 74.1 69.2 68.1 63.7 62.4 64.2 48.3 48.2
Hong Kong 347.3 433.1 483.6 504.4 523.6 544.1 522.0 516.4
Japan 550.5 692.4 854.1 885.6 832.4 811.9 648.3 607.0
Korea 323.1 425.2 524.4 519.6 515.6 525.5 436.5 443.7
Israel 49.3 61.2 75.8 75.4 74.9 75.5 65.0 68.9
Italy 414.7 487.0 558.8 489.1 477.3 470.5 407.9 401.7
New Zealand 25.2 31.8 37.3 37.8 40.4 42.5 36.6 36.6
Singapore 245.8 310.8 365.8 379.7 373.0 366.2 296.7 291.9
Sweden 120.3 148.5 174.7 164.1 159.7 159.5 137.7 139.8
United Kingdom 486.0 568.5 646.0 651.8 662.7 683.7 622.3 588.4
United States 1,605.3 1,969.2 2,265.9 2,336.5 2,329.1 2,412.5 2,248.2 2,250.2
Emerging and Developing Economies 4,301.1 5,471.8 6,765.9 7,036.4 7,309.0 7,319.9 6,358.3 6,069.7
Sub-Saharan Africa 211.9 258.7 331.1 319.8 324.0 333.6 291.0 263.7
Botswana 4.7 5.7 7.3 9.1 8.4 8.1 7.2 n.a.
Central African Republic 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 n.a. n.a. n.a.
Congo, Republic of 3.0 3.0 5.2 5.2 5.5 6.2 7.7 n.a.
Ethiopia 6.8 7.6 7.9 10.8 12.0 19.0 19.1 n.a.
Kenya 10.2 12.1 14.8 16.3 16.4 18.4 16.1 14.1
Nigeria 33.8 44.2 64.4 35.7 44.6 46.5 34.9 35.2
South Africa 74.1 94.2 121.5 124.3 106.9 104.8 90.4 79.0
Tanzania 6.3 7.7 10.7 11.3 12.3 12.0 10.3 n.a.
Uganda 4.3 4.7 4.6 5.2 4.9 5.1 4.8 n.a.
Zimbabwe 3.2 5.2 7.6 6.7 6.8 6.3 6.1 5.2
Emerging and Developing Asia 1,818.7 2,470.2 3,098.3 3,272.4 3,396.6 3,416.6 2,992.9 2,871.6
Bangladesh 20.6 26.1 34.0 38.4 36.2 37.7 48.1 52.6
Bhutan 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.0
China 1004.2 1,396.2 1,742.9 1,818.2 1,949.3 1,963.1 1,680.8 1,589.5
Fiji 1.6 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.8 2.7 2.3 2.3
India 257.2 350.1 464.4 489.7 465.5 462.9 393.8 362.0
Indonesia 93.8 135.3 176.9 191.0 186.4 178.2 142.7 135.5
Malaysia 123.8 164.6 187.5 196.4 205.9 208.9 176.0 168.4
Maldives 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.9 2.1
Mongolia 2.1 3.3 6.5 6.7 6.4 5.2 3.8 3.4
Myanmar 4.3 4.8 9.0 9.2 12.0 16.2 16.8 n.a.
Nepal 3.7 5.1 5.4 5.4 6.0 7.3 6.4 n.a.
Papua New Guinea 3.2 4.0 4.9 5.5 4.5 n.a. n.a. n.a.
Philippines 45.9 58.5 64.1 65.8 65.6 68.7 74.6 85.9
Sri Lanka 10.2 13.5 20.3 19.2 18.0 19.4 18.9 19.2
Thailand 134.7 185.1 229.1 250.6 249.7 228.0 201.9 195.7
Vietnam 69.9 83.8 104.0 115.1 131.3 148.8 162.8 174.2
Europe 934.0 1,127.6 1,414.3 1,410.7 1,454.7 1,407.1 1,108.2 1,110.0
Hungary 78.0 87.6 101.0 94.3 99.1 103.9 90.7 92.0
Poland 149.6 178.1 208.3 195.4 204.3 222.2 195.2 198.4
Romania 54.3 61.9 76.3 70.3 73.5 77.9 69.9 74.6
Russia 205.4 270.2 350.4 369.3 375.4 338.8 212.2 210.7
Turkey 140.9 185.5 240.8 236.5 251.7 242.2 207.2 198.5
Ukraine 45.4 60.7 82.6 84.7 77.0 54.4 37.5 39.2
Middle East, North Africa and Pakistan 651.9 733.5 841.8 916.0 967.4 992.9 908.1 n.a.
Bahrain 7.3 9.8 12.7 14.9 13.0 13.9 9.7 n.a.
Egypt 44.9 52.9 58.9 65.8 59.7 61.0 65.0 n.a.
Jordan 14.5 15.1 18.5 20.7 21.7 23.0 20.0 19.5
Kuwait 19.9 22.7 25.1 27.3 29.3 31.0 31.0 30.8
Oman 17.9 19.8 23.6 29.4 34.3 29.4 29.0 n.a.
Pakistan 31.6 37.8 44.0 44.1 44.6 47.4 43.8 46.6
Saudi Arabia 95.5 106.9 131.6 155.6 168.2 173.8 174.7 135.9
United Arab Emirates 150.0 165.0 205.0 220.0 245.0 262.0 230.0 n.a.
Western Hemisphere 688.2 880.8 1,081.1 1,111.9 1,159.4 1,158.2 1,039.6 962.7
Argentina 39.1 48.0 74.3 68.5 74.0 65.3 59.8 55.6
Brazil 133.7 191.5 236.9 228.4 250.6 239.2 178.8 143.6
Chile 41.4 57.9 73.5 79.1 80.4 72.4 62.8 58.9
Colombia 32.9 40.7 54.7 58.6 59.4 64.1 54.1 44.9
Guyana 1.2 1.4 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.6 n.a.
Jamaica 4.9 5.2 6.5 6.5 6.2 5.8 5.0 n.a.
Mexico 246.1 316.6 368.4 389.3 400.3 420.0 415.0 406.4
Paraguay 6.9 10.0 12.3 11.5 12.1 12.2 10.2 9.8
Peru 20.9 30.1 37.6 41.1 41.5 42.7 n.a. n.a.
Uruguay 6.2 8.6 10.6 10.6 11.0 10.9 9.1 7.9
World 12,579.1 15,277.5 18,232.7 18,291.9 18,581.2 18,759.4 16,392.7 16,014.6
n.a. – Not available. Sources : International Financial Statistics, Yearbook 2017, IMF
183
WORLD TABLES
Table 15.6
Human Development Index (HDI) and Sub Indices of HDI – 2015
Gross National Human

Life Man Expected
Human Income (GNI) Develop- Change
HDI Expectancy Years of Years of
Country Development per Capita ment in Rank
Rank at Birth Schooling Schooling
Index (HDI) (2011 PPP $) Index 2010–2015
2015 2015(a) 2015(a)
2015 2014
Very High Human

Development
Australia 0.939 2 82.5 42,822 13.2 20.4 0.937 1
Canada 0.920 10 82.2 42,582 13.1 16.3 0.919 1
Finland 0.895 23 81.0 38,868 11.2 17.0 0.893 1
France 0.897 21 82.4 38,085 11.6 16.3 0.894 1
Germany 0.926 4 81.1 45,000 13.2 17.1 0.924 0
Hong Kong, China (SAR) 0.917 12 84.2 54,265 11.6 15.7 0.916 3
Iceland 0.921 9 82.7 37,065 12.2 19.0 0.919 7
Japan 0.903 17 83.7 37,268 12.5 15.3 0.902 1
Korea (Republic of) 0.901 18 82.1 34,541 12.2 16.6 0.899 0
Lithuania 0.848 37 73.5 26,006 12.7 16.5 0.846 -1
Netherlands 0.924 7 81.7 46,326 11.9 18.1 0.923 -2
New Zealand 0.915 13 82.0 32,870 12.5 19.2 0.913 0
Norway 0.949 1 81.7 67,614 12.7 17.7 0.948 0
Romania 0.802 50 74.8 19,428 10.8 14.7 0.798 -2
Saudi Arabia 0.847 38 74.4 51,320 9.6 16.1 0.845 9
Singapore 0.925 5 83.2 78,162 11.6 15.4 0.924 0
Spain 0.884 27 82.8 32,779 9.8 17.7 0.882 0
Sweden 0.913 14 82.3 46,251 12.3 16.1 0.909 -1
United Arab Emirates 0.840 42 77.1 66,203 9.5 13.3 0.836 -4
United Kingdom 0.909 16 80.8 37,931 13.3 16.3 0.908 -4
United States 0.920 10 79.2 53,245 13.2 16.5 0.918 -3
High Human
Development
Algeria 0.745 83 75.0 13,533 7.8 14.4 0.743 3
China 0.738 90 76.0 13,345 7.6 13.5 0.734 11
Fiji 0.736 91 70.2 8,245 10.5 15.3 0.734 6
Malaysia 0.789 59 74.9 24,620 10.1 13.1 0.787 1
Maldives 0.701 105 77.0 10,383 6.2 12.7 0.701 10
Mexico 0.762 77 77.0 16,383 8.6 13.3 0.758 -5
Peru 0.740 87 74.8 11,295 9.0 13.4 0.737 3
Sri Lanka 0.766 73 75.0 10,789 10.9 14.0 0.764 -2
Thailand 0.740 87 74.6 14,519 7.9 13.6 0.738 4
Turkey 0.767 71 75.5 18,705 7.9 14.6 0.764 9

Medium Human
Development
Bangladesh 0.579 140 72.0 3,341 5.2 10.2 0.575 2
Botswana 0.698 108 64.5 14,663 9.2 12.6 0.698 -3
Egypt 0.691 111 71.3 10,064 7.1 13.1 0.688 -3
India 0.624 131 68.3 5,663 6.3 11.7 0.615 4
Indonesia 0.689 113 69.3 10,053 7.9 12.9 0.686 3
Myanmar 0.556 145 66.1 4,943 4.7 9.1 0.552 2
Nepal 0.558 144 70.0 2,337 4.1 12.2 0.555 2
Pakistan 0.550 147 66.4 5,031 5.1 8.1 0.548 2
Philippines 0.682 116 68.3 8,395 9.3 11.7 0.679 -7
Vietnam 0.683 115 75.9 5,335 8.0 12.6 0.678 2

Low Human Development
Angola 0.533 150 52.7 6,291 5.0 11.4 0.531 4
Ethiopia 0.448 174 64.6 1,523 2.6 8.4 0.441 1
Nigeria 0.527 152 53.1 5,443 6.0 10.0 0.525 -1
Papua New Guinea 0.516 154 62.8 2,712 4.3 9.9 0.515 1
Syrian Arab Republic 0.536 149 69.7 2,441 5.1 9.0 0.553 -29
Uganda 0.493 163 59.2 1,670 5.7 10.0 0.488 -3
World 0.717 – 71.6 14,447 8.3 12.3 0.715 –
(a) Data refer to 2015 or the most recent year available. Source : Human Development Report 2016, UNDP
184
WORLD TABLES
Table 15.7
Human Development Index 1990 – 2015
HDI Rank
Country 1990 2000 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015
2015
Very High Human Development 0.791 0.836 0.876 0.884 0.887 0.890 0.892
Australia 0.866 0.899 0.927 0.933 0.936 0.937 0.939 2
Canada 0.849 0.867 0.903 0.909 0.912 0.919 0.920 10
Finland 0.783 0.856 0.878 0.887 0.890 0.893 0.895 23
France 0.779 0.849 0.882 0.887 0.890 0.894 0.897 21
Germany 0.801 0.860 0.912 0.919 0.920 0.924 0.926 4
Hong Kong, China (SAR) 0.781 0.825 0.898 0.907 0.913 0.916 0.917 12
Iceland 0.797 0.854 0.894 0.907 0.915 0.919 0.921 9
Italy 0.768 0.828 0.872 0.876 0.877 0.881 0.887 26
Japan 0.814 0.856 0.884 0.894 0.899 0.902 0.903 17
Korea (Republic of) 0.731 0.820 0.884 0.891 0.896 0.899 0.901 18
Lithuania 0.731 0.757 0.826 0.834 0.841 0.846 0.848 37
Netherlands 0.830 0.878 0.911 0.922 0.923 0.923 0.924 7
New Zealand 0.818 0.868 0.901 0.908 0.910 0.913 0.915 13
Norway 0.849 0.917 0.939 0.942 0.945 0.948 0.949 1
Romania 0.700 0.708 0.798 0.794 0.797 0.798 0.802 50
Russian Federation 0.733 0.720 0.785 0.799 0.803 0.805 0.804 49
Singapore 0.718 0.820 0.911 0.920 0.922 0.924 0.925 5
Spain 0.755 0.825 0.867 0.874 0.877 0.882 0.884 27
Sweden 0.815 0.877 0.901 0.904 0.906 0.909 0.913 14
Switzerland 0.831 0.888 0.932 0.934 0.936 0.938 0.939 2
United Arab Emirates 0.726 0.798 0.824 0.829 0.832 0.836 0.840 42
United Kingdom 0.775 0.866 0.902 0.899 0.904 0.908 0.909 16
United States 0.860 0.884 0.910 0.915 0.916 0.916 0.918 10
High Human Development 0.574 0.637 0.716 0.728 0.736 0.744 0.746
Algeria 0.577 0.644 0.724 0.737 0.741 0.743 0.745 83
China 0.499 0.592 0.700 0.713 0.723 0.734 0.738 90
Malaysia 0.643 0.725 0.774 0.779 0.783 0.787 0.789 59
Mexico 0.648 0.700 0.745 0.753 0.754 0.758 0.762 77
Maldives – 0.587 0.663 0.683 0.693 0.701 0.701 105
Peru 0.613 0.677 0.721 0.731 0.735 0.737 0.740 87
Sri Lanka 0.626 0.686 0.746 0.757 0.760 0.764 0.766 73
Thailand 0.574 0.649 0.720 0.733 0.737 0.738 0.740 87
Turkey 0.576 0.653 0.737 0.754 0.759 0.764 0.767 71
Venezuela (Bolivarian Rep. of) 0.634 0.672 0.756 0.770 0.771 0.769 0.767 71
Medium Human Development 0.465 0.525 0.598 0.613 0.620 0.626 0.631
Bangladesh 0.386 0.468 0.545 0.565 0.570 0.575 0.579 139
Botswana 0.585 0.560 0.678 0.693 0.697 0.698 0.698 108
Cambodia 0.357 0.412 0.533 0.546 0.553 0.558 0.563 143
Egypt 0.547 0.612 0.671 0.681 0.686 0.688 0.691 111
India 0.428 0.494 0.580 0.599 0.607 0.615 0.624 131
Indonesia 0.528 0.604 0.662 0.677 0.682 0.686 0.689 113
Myanmar 0.353 0.427 0.526 0.540 0.547 0.552 0.556 145
Nepal 0.378 0.446 0.529 0.545 0.551 0.555 0.558 144
Philippines 0.586 0.622 0.669 0.671 0.676 0.679 0.682 116
South Africa 0.621 0.629 0.638 0.652 0.660 0.665 0.666 119
Vietnam 0.477 0.576 0.655 0.668 0.675 0.678 0.683 115
Low Human Development 0.356 0.388 0.475 0.486 0.490 0.494 0.497
Angola – 0.391 0.495 0.523 0.527 0.531 0.533 150
Ethiopia – 0.283 0.411 0.427 0.435 0.441 0.448 174
Nigeria – – 0.500 0.514 0.521 0.525 0.527 152
Papua New Guinea 0.360 0.422 0.494 0.506 0.511 0.515 0.516 154
Uganda 0.309 0.396 0.477 0.478 0.483 0.488 0.493 165
World 0.597 0.641 0.697 0.706 0.710 0.715 0.717
Source : Human Development Report 2016, UNDP

185
NOTES
186
NOTES
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2018

Central Bank of Sri Lanka

ISSN 1391 - 3611

Price : Rs. 300/-

1 KEY SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS 4 NATIONAL ACCOUNTS

2 CLIMATE (Current Market Prices) 34

3.1 Population by District and Sector

8 EXTERNAL TRADE AND FINANCE

7 PRICES AND WAGES

7.3 Producer’s Price Index 67 9.3 Broad Money Supply (M2b) 98

7.4 Colombo Consumers’ Price Index (1952=100) 68 9.4 Interest Rates 99

13 SOCIO – ECONOMIC SERVICES 13.31 Selected Demography of Prisoners 166

13.1 National Level Findings of the

14.9 Monetary and Fiscal Operations: 15.1 World Tea Production

Sri Lanka – Country Profile

Sq.km. ’000 ha. Mn. acres SOCIAL INDICATORS

Population Growth (%) 1.1 (2016) 1.1 (2017)

North Central 1,349 9,741 138 2017(b)(e) 621,026 4,073

US$ Mn. 16,943 17,448 19,120

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)

GDP by Economic Activities,

Expenditure and Savings at

Sources : Registrar General's Department

Growth in Major Economic Activities (Constant 2010 Prices)

Agriculture Industry Services Real GDP Growth

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)

Principal Agricultural Production

(a) Provisional Sources : Department of Census and Statistics

Plantation Sector Production

Tea Rubber Coconut (Right)

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)

Price Indices – Twelve Month Average

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)

Balance of Payments (Billions of Rupees)

Balance of Payments (Millions of US Dollars)

Balance of Payments (Per cent of GDP)(c)

Total External Assets

Exchange Rates (Annual Average)

( a) Provisional Sources : Sri Lanka Customs

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)

Monetary Aggregates, Rs. Bn.

Interest Rates (Year End),%

(a) Provisional Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka

Movement of Selected Market Interest Rates

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a)

(As a Per cent of GDP)

(a) Provisional Sources : Ministry of Finance and Mass Media

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014(a) 2015 2016 2017(b)

Selected Socio-Economic Indicators – Graphical Illustrations

Population Selected Macroeconomic Indicators

Gross Value Added at Basic Prices Domestic Expenditure and Savings

Balance of Payments Fiscal Operations

Selected Socio-Economic Indicators – Graphical Illustrations

Selected Socio-Economic Indicators Social Indicators

150 Doctors, per 100,000 Persons 80

GDP Per Capita/GDP Per Capita PPP World GDP Growth

Source : Department of Meteorology

Annual Rainfall, Millimetres

Source : Department of Meteorology

Annual Rainfall, Millimetres

Anuradhapura 112 87 103 104 92 93 138 131 76 95