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ULTRASONICS Study Points LII.txt

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Points LII.txt
1. ULTRASONICS Updated: December

-2147483629, 1969
Tags: UT II
Description: UT II
2. 1) The following sound wave mode has multiple or

Show Answers: ✔
varying wave velocities:
Lamb waves.
3. 2) The following would be considered applications of

ultrasonic techniques:
the determination of a material�s elastic modulus, the
study of a material�s metallurgical structure, and the
measurement of a material�s thickness.
4. 3) The only significant sound wave mode that will travel

through a liquid is:
a longitudinal wave.
Flashcards - ULTRASONICS Study Points LII.txt.html[03/12/2019 18:38:48]

Flashcards - ULTRASONICS Study Points LII.txt
5. 4) The acoustic impedance of a material is used to:
determine the relative amounts of sound energy coupled
through and reflected at an interface.
6. 5) When angle beam contact testing a test piece,

increasing the incident angle until the second critical
angle is reached results in:
production of a surface wave.
7. 6) Acoustic energy propagates in different modes. The

following represents a mode:
longitudinal wave, shear wave, and surface wave.
8. 7) The simple experiment where a stick in a glass of

water appears disjointed at the water surface illustrates
the phenomenon of:
refraction.
9. 8) The crystal thickness and transducer frequency are

related. The thinner the crystal:
the higher the frequency.
10. 9) The random distribution of crystallographic direction

in alloys with large crystalline structure is a factor in
determining:
the acoustic noise levels, the selection of a test frequency,
and the scattering of sound.
11. 10) The length of the zone adjacent to a transducer in

which fluctuations in sound pressure occur is mostly
affected by:
the frequency of the transducer and the diameter of the
transducer.
12. 11) The differences in signals received from identical

reflectors at different material distances from a
transducer may be caused by:

material attenuation, beam divergence, and near field
effects.
13. 12) It is possible for a discontinuity smaller than the

transducer to produce indications of fluctuating
amplitude as the search unit is moved laterally if testing
is being performed in the:
near field.
14. 13) The near field effects of a transducer in immersion

testing may be eliminated by:
using an appropriate water path.
15. 14) What relationship would you expect to exist

between the amplitudes of a reflected laminar signal if
in position A, the transducer is right over the laminar
reflector and in position B the transducer is clear of the
laminar reflector?
The amplitudes will be 2 to 1.
16. 15) The maximum sound intensity is at the beam

centerline in the far field of a uniform ultrasonic beam.
17. 16) The following may result in a long narrow rod if the
beam divergence results in a reflection from a side of
the test piece before the sound wave reaches the back
surface:
the conversion from the longitudinal mode to the shear
mode.
18. 17) Where does beam divergence occur:

in the far field.
19. 18) As the frequency increases in ultrasonic testing, the

angle of beam divergence of a given crystal:
decreases.

20. 19) As the radius of the curvature of a curved lens is

increased, the focal length of the lens will:
increase.
21. 20) When examining materials for planar flaws oriented

parallel to the part surface, what testing method is most
often used:
straight beam.
22. 21) If a contact angle beam transducer produces a 45?-

shear wave in steel, the angle produced by the same
transducer in an aluminum specimen would be: (Vssteel
=.323 cm/?sec; VsAL = .310 cm/?sec),
less than 45?.
23. 22) Rayleigh waves are influenced most by defects

located:
close to or on the surface.
24. 23) The ultrasonic test method in which finger damping

is most effective in locating a discontinuity is:
surface wave.
25. 24) Lamb waves can be used to detect:

laminar type defects near the surface of a thin material.
26. 25) The ratio of the velocity of sound in water compared

to that for aluminum or steel is approximately:
1:4.
27. 26) The following scanning method could be classified

as an immersion type test:
tank in which the search unit and test piece are immersed,
squirter bubbler method in which the sound is transmitted in
a column of flowing water, and scanning with a wheel type
search unit with the transducer inside a liquid filled tire.

28. 27) In an immersion test of a piece of steel or

aluminum, the water distance appears on the display as
a fairly wide space between the initial pulse and the
front surface reflection because of:
reduced velocity of the sound in the water as compared to
the test piece.
29. 28) Using the immersion method, a distance amplitude

curve (DAC) for a �-inch diameter, 5-MHz search unit
shows the high point of the DAC at the 1 �-inch block.
One day later, the high point of the DAC for the same
search unit is at the �-inch block. Assuming calibration
has not changed, this would indicate that the search
unit:
is becoming defective and has the beam of a smaller
search unit.
30. 29) The following law can be used to calculate the

angle of refraction within a metal for both longitudinal
and shear waves: Snell�s Law.
31. 30) An impedance difference results in the division of

sound energy into transmitted and reflected modes at
an interface between two different materials.
32. 31) When using a focused transducer, non-symmetry in

a propagated sound beam may be caused by:
backing material variations, lens centering or misalignment,
and porosity in the lenses.
33. 32) Ultrasonic wheel units may be used for the following
types of examinations:
straight or longitudinal examination, angle beam or shear
wave examination, and surface wave or Rayleigh wave.
34. 33) During straight beam testing, test specimens with

non-parallel front and back surfaces can cause:
partial or total loss of back reflection.
35. 34) In the immersion technique, the distance between

the face of the transducer and the test surface (water
path) is usually adjusted so that the time required
sending the sound beam through the water:
is greater than the time required for the sound to travel
through the test piece.
36. 35) In a B-scan display, the length of the screen

indication from a discontinuity is related to:
the discontinuity�s length in the direction of the transducer
travel.
37. 36) The following circuit triggers the pulser and sweep
circuits in an A-scan display:
clock.
38. 37) The �dead zone� on an A-scan display refers to:

the distance covered by the front surface pulse width and
the recovery time.
39. 38) The following represents the intensity of a reflected

beam on an A-scan display:
signal amplitude.
40. 39) The following scan type can be used to produce a

recording of the flaw areas superimposed over a plan
view of the test piece: C-scan.
41. 40) A manually operated manipulator for immersion

testing in a small tank is used to:
set the proper water path and to set the proper transducer
angle.

42. 41) A 45?-shear angle beam transducer produces a
wave in the metal that is polarized:
perpendicular to the direction of propagation and at 45? to
the entry surface.
43. 42) A reduction in the back surface reflection amplitude

in normal straight beam contact testing could indicate:
inadequate coupling, a flaw that is not normal to the beam,
or a near surface defect that cannot be resolved from the
main bang (initial pulse).
44. 43) A six-inch diameter rod is being inspected for

centerline cracking. The A-scan presentation for one
complete path through the rod is established, the alarm
gate should be set: between points 2 and 5 on the
timeline.
45. 44) The bridge or carriage in an automatic scanning

immersion unit serves to:
support the manipulator and scanner tube and to move it
about transversely and longitudinally.
46. 45) When adjusting the flaw-locating rule for a shear

wave weld inspection, the zero point on the rule must
coincide with the: sound beam exit point of the wedge.
47. 46) A special scanning device with the transducer

mounted in a tire-like container filled with couplant is
commonly called:
a search unit.
48. 47) The following best describes a typical display of a

crack whose major surface is perpendicular to the
ultrasonic beam:
a sharp indication.
49. 48) A primary purpose of a reference standard is:

to provide a guide for adjusting the instrument controls to
reveal discontinuities that are considered harmful to the end
use of the product.
50. 49) Compensation for the variation in the echo height

related to the variations in the discontinuity depth in the
test material is known as:
distance amplitude correction (DAC).
51. 50) The following is a reference reflector that is not

dependent on the beam angle:
the side drilled hole that is parallel to the plate surface and
perpendicular to the sound path.
52. 51) During a straight beam ultrasonic test, a

discontinuity indication is detected that is small in
amplitude compared to the loss in amplitude of the back
reflection. The orientation of this discontinuity is
probably:
such that complete loss of the back reflection will result.
53. 52) A discontinuity is located having an orientation such

that its long axis is parallel to the sound beam. The
indication from such a discontinuity will be:
small in proportion to the length of the discontinuity.
54. 53) Gas discontinuities are reduced to flat discs or other

shapes parallel to the surface by:
rolling.
55. 54) In what zone does the amplitude of an indication

from a given discontinuity diminish exponentially as the
distance increases: the far field zone.
56. 55) A smooth flat discontinuity whose major plane is not

perpendicular to the direction of the sound propagation
may be indicated by:

an echo amplitude in magnitude to the back reflection, a
complete loss of the back surface reflection, or an echo
amplitude larger in magnitude than the back surface
reflection.
57. 56) Using a pulse-echo technique, if the major plane of

a flat discontinuity is oriented at some angle other than
perpendicular to the direction of the sound propagation,
the result may be: the loss or the lack of a received
discontinuity echo.
58. 57) As the transducer diameter decreases, the beam

spread:
increases.
59. 58) A set of standard reference blocks with the same

geometrical configuration and dimensions other than
the size of the calibration reflectors, e.g., flat bottom
holes, is called a set of:
area/amplitude standards.
60. 59) The angle at which a 90? refraction of a longitudinal

sound wave is reached is called:
the first critical angle.
61. 60) The following controls the voltage supplied to the

vertical deflection plates of the CRT in an A-scan UT
set-up: .
amplitude circuit
62. 61) Attenuation is a difficult quantity to measure

accurately, particularly in solid materials, at the test
frequencies normally used. The overall result usually
observed includes other loss mechanisms that can
include:
beam spread, couplant mismatch, and test piece geometry.

63. 62) The vertical linear range of a test instrument may be
determined by obtaining ultrasonic responses from:
a set of area-amplitude reference blocks.
64. 63) Large grains in a metallic test specimen usually

result in:
decrease or loss of the back surface reflection, large
�hash� or noise indications, and decrease in penetration.
65. 64) The total energy losses occurring in all material is

called:
attenuation.
66. 65) Delay-tip (stand-off) type contact search units are

primarily used for:
thickness measurement or flaw detection in thin materials.
67. 66) The acoustical lenses are commonly used for

contour correction. When scanning the inside of a pipe
section by the immersion method, the following lens
type would be used: convex.
68. 67) When using an IIW block, the transducer is on the

longest plane and the sound path is facing the curved
end, this is done to establish the:
exit point.

second longest plane and the sound path is facing the
small-drilled hole, this is done to establish the:
sensitivity calibration.

longest plane and the sound path is facing the round
Lucite embedment, this is done to establish the:
verification of the wedge angle.

71. 70) When the incident angle is chosen to be between

the first and second critical angles, the ultrasonic wave
generated within the part will be:
a shear wave.

longest plane and the sound path is facing straight
down in front of the lower end of the curved notch, this
is done to establish:
the resolution.
73. 72) The angle at which 90? refraction of the shear wave
mode occurs is called the:
second critical angle.
74. 73) In a water immersion test, ultrasonic energy is

transmitted into steel at an incident angle of 14?. What
is the angle of the refracted shear wave within the
material: Vs = 3.2 x 105cm/sec Vw = 1.5 x 105 cm/sec
it is 31?.
75. 74) If you were requested to design a plastic show to

generate a Rayleigh wave in aluminum, what would be
the incident angle of the ultrasonic energy: VA = 3.1 x
105 cm/sec Vp = 2.6 x 105 cm/sec
would be 57?.
75) Compute the wavelength of ultrasonic energy

in lead at 1 Mhz: VL = 2/1 x 105 cm/sec V = ? x F
is 0.21cm.
76. 76) The attenuation of energy within a material in the far

field of the ultrasonic beam may be expressed as the:
exponential decay.
77. 77) The longitudinal velocity for aluminum and steel is

approximately twice the shear velocity.

78. 78) Water travel distance for immersion inspections

should be:
such that the second front reflection does not appear
between the first front and the back reflections.
79. 79) The electronic circuitry that allows selection and

processing of only those signals relating to
discontinuities that occur in specific zones of a part is
called:
an electronic gate.
80. 80) When conducting a contact ultrasonic test, the

�hash� or irregular signals that appear in the CRT
display of the area being inspected could be caused by:
coarse grains in the structure.
81. 81) When inspecting a 4-inch diameter threaded steel

cylinder for radial cracks extending from the root of the
threads, it would be preferable to transmit:
longitudinal waves from the end of the cylinder and
perpendicular to the direction of the thread roots.
82. 82) In an immersion inspection of raw material, the

water travel distance should be:
equal to the water distance used in setting up on the
reference standards.
83. 83) The angle formed by an ultrasonic wave as it enters

a medium of different velocity than the one from which it
came and a line drawn perpendicular to the interface
between the two media is called:
the angle of refraction.
84. 84) The process of adjusting an instrument or device to

a reference standard is referred to as:
calibration.

85. 85) An electron tube in which a beam of electrons from

the cathode is used to reproduce an image on a
fluorescent screen at the end of the tube is referred to
as:
a cathode ray tube.
86. 86) A grouping of a number of crystals in one search

unit, with all contact surfaces in the same plane and
vibrating in phase with each other to act as a single
transducer is called a:
crystal mosaic.
87. 87) The scattering of the rays of an ultrasonic beam due

to reflection from a highly irregular surface is called:
dispersion.
88. 88) The angle of reflection is:

equal to the angle of incidence.
89. 89) The angular position of the reflecting surface of a

planar discontinuity with respect to the entry surface is
referred to as: the orientation of the discontinuity.
90. 90) A short burst of alternating electrical energy is

called:
a pulse.
91. 91) In ultrasonic testing, the time duration of the

transmitted pulse is referred to as:
the pulse length or pulse width.
92. 92) The phenomenon by which a wave strikes a

boundary and changes the direction of its propagation
within the same medium is referred to as:
reflection.

93. 93) The change in direction of an ultrasonic beam when

it passes from one medium to another whose velocity
differs from that of the first medium is called:
refraction.
94. 94) The coated inside surface of the large end of a

cathode ray tube which becomes luminous when struck
by an electron beam is called:
a CRT screen.
95. 95) The following mode of vibration exhibits the shortest

wavelength at a given frequency and in a given
material:
is the surface wave that has the shortest wavelength.
96. 96) In general, the shear waves are more sensitive to

small discontinuities than longitudinal waves for a given
frequency and in a given material because:
the wavelength of the shear wave is shorter than the
wavelength of the longitudinal wave.
97. 97) In general, the following mode of vibration will have

the greatest penetrating power in a coarse-grained
material if the frequency of the waves are the same:
the longitudinal wave has the greatest penetrating power.
98. 98) A testing technique in which the crystal or

transducer is parallel to the test surface and the
ultrasonic waves enter the material being tested in a
direction perpendicular to the test surface is:
straight beam testing.
99. 99) The distance from a given point on an ultrasonic

wave to the next corresponding point is referred to as:
a wavelength.

100. 100) The speed with which an ultrasonic wave travels

through a material is known as its:
velocity of sound energy.
101. 101) A substance that reduces the surface tension of a

liquid is referred to as:
a wetting agent.
102. 102) The transducers most commonly used in

ultrasonic search units (probes) used for discontinuity
testing utilize:
the piezoelectric principles.
103. 103) The mechanical and electrical stability, the

insolubility in liquids, and the resistance to aging are the
three advantages of search units containing
transducers made of:
quartz.
104. 104) The formula sin?1 = sin?2 is referred to as:

V1 V2
Snell�s law.
105) The formula sin?1 = sin?2 is used to determine:
V1 V2
angular relationships.
105. 106) The amount of energy reflected from a

discontinuity will dependent on:
the size of the discontinuity, the orientation of the
discontinuity, and the type of discontinuity.
106. 107) If an ultrasonic wave is transmitted through an

interface of two materials in which the first material has
a higher acoustic impedance value but the same
velocity value as the second material, the angle of
refraction will:
be the same as the angle of incidence.

107. 108) The following frequency will probably result in the

greatest ultrasonic attenuation loss:
25 megahertz.
108. 109) The product of the sound velocity and the density
of a material is known as the:
acoustic impedance of the material.
109. 110) The amplifier range over which the unsaturated

signal response increases in amplitude in proportion to
the discontinuity surface area is:
linear range.
110. 111) When inspecting a rolled or forged surface with a

thin scale that is generally tightly adhering to the part,
what is necessary to do before testing the part:
clean the surface of all loose scale.
111. 112) The angle of reflection of an ultrasonic beam at an

aluminum-water interface is:
equal to the angle of incidence.
112. 113) What kind of wave travels at a velocity slightly less

than shear waves and their mode of propagation is both
longitudinal and transverse with respect to the surface:
Rayleigh waves.
113. 114) The following ultrasonic test frequency will

probably provide the best penetration in a 12-inch thick
specimen of coarse-grain steel:
1 megahertz.
114. 115) During immersion testing of an ASTM Ultrasonic

Standard Reference Block, a B-scan presentation
system will show a: cross section of the reference
block, showing the top and bottom surfaces of the block
and the location of the hole bottom in the block.
115. 116) Properties of shear and transverse waves used for

ultrasonic testing include:
particle motion normal to propagation direction and
propagation velocity that is about � the longitudinal wave
velocity in the same material.
116. 117) One of the most common applications of ultrasonic

tests employing shear wave is:
detection of discontinuities in welds, tubes, and pipes.
117. 118) Significant errors in ultrasonic thickness

measurement can occur if:
the velocity of propagation deviates substantially from an
assumed constant value for a given material.
118. 119) Generally, the best ultrasonic testing method for

detecting discontinuities oriented along the fusion zone
in a welded plate is:
an angle beam method using shear waves.
119. 120) An ultrasonic testing instrument displaying pulses

that represent the magnitude of the reflected ultrasound
as a function of time or depth of the metal is said to
contain:
an A-scan presentation.
120. 121) The principle mode of vibration that exists in the

steel at a water-to-steel interface when the angle of
incidence in the water is 7? is:
121. 122) The only mode of vibration that can exist in a liquid
medium is:

122. 123) The number of pulses produced by an ultrasonic

instrument in a given period of time is known as the:
pulse repetition rate.
123. 124) The component in a basic pulse-echo ultrasonic

instrument that coordinates the action and the timing of
the other components is called a:
synchronizer, clock, or a timer.

instrument that produces the voltage that activates the
search unit is called:
a pulser.

instrument that produces the time base line is called a:
sweep circuit.

instrument that produces the visible signals on the CRT
that are used to measure distance is called:
marker circuit.
127. 128) Most basic pulse-echo ultrasonic instruments use:

an A-scan presentation.
128. 129) The cathode ray tube screen will display a plan
view of the part outline and the defects when using:
C-scan presentation.
129. 130) The incident angles at which 90? refraction of

longitudinal and shear waves occurs are called:
the critical angles.

130. 131) Compression waves whose particles displacement
is parallel to the direction of propagation are called:
longitudinal waves.
131. 132) The following mode of vibration is quickly

dampened out when testing by the immersion method:
surface waves.
132. 133) The motion of particles in a shear wave is:

transverse to the direction of the beam propagation.
133. 134) An ultrasonic longitudinal wave tracks in aluminum

with a velocity of 635,000 cm/sec and has a frequency
of one megahertz. The wavelength of this ultrasonic
wave is:
6.35 millimeters in length.
134. 135) The refraction angle of a longitudinal wave passing

from water into a metallic material at angles other than
normal to the interface is primarily a function of:
the relative velocities of the sound in the water and metal.
135. 136) In contact testing, shear waves can be induced in

the test material by:
using a transducer mounted on a plastic wedge so that the
sound enters the part at an angle.
136. 137) As the frequency increases in ultrasonic testing,

the angle of beam divergence of a given diameter
crystal:
decreases.
137. 138) The following is not an advantage of contact

ultrasonic search units (probes) adapted with Lucite
shoes:
increases sensitivity.

138. 139) The velocity of sound will be the lowest in the

following medium:
air.
139. 140) A longitudinal ultrasonic wave is transmitted from

water into steel at an angle of 5? from the normal. In
such a case, the refracted angle of the transverse wave
is:
greater than the refracted angle of the longitudinal wave.
140. 141) The velocity of a longitudinal wave will be the

highest in: aluminum.
aluminum.
141. 142) In steel, the velocity of sound is greatest in the

following mode of vibration:
longitudinal.
142. 143) The acoustic impedance is:

the product of the density of the material and the velocity of
the sound in the material.
143. 144) Thin sheets of metal may be inspected with the

ultrasonic wave directed normal to the surface by
observing:
the multiple reflection patterns.
144. 145) A diagram in which the entire circuit stage or

sections are shown by geometric figures and the path of
the signal or energy by lines and/or arrows is called a:
block diagram.
145. 146) A hole produced during the solidification of metal

due to escaping gases is called:
a blowhole.

146. 147) A discontinuity that occurs during the casting of

molten metal which may be caused by the splashing,
surging, interrupted pouring, or the meeting of two
streams of metal coming from different directions is
called:
a cold shut.
147. 148) The ratio between the wave speed in one material
and the wave speed in another material is called:
the Index of Refraction.
148. 149) The expansion and contraction of a magnetic

material under the influence of a changing magnetic
field is referred to as:
magnetostriction.
149. 150) The ratio of stress in a material within the elastic

limit is called:
Young�s modulus or the Modulus of Elasticity.
150. 151) A point, line, or surface of a vibrating body marked

by absolute or relative freedom from vibratory motion is
referred to as:
a node.
151. 152) The factor that determines the amount of reflection

at the interface of two dissimilar materials is:
the specific acoustic impedance.
152. 153) A quartz crystal cut so that its major faces are
parallel to the Z and Y axes and perpendicular to the X
axis is called:
an X-cut crystal.
153. 154) The equation describing wavelength in terms of

velocity and frequency is:
wavelength = velocity ? frequency.
154. 155) The following can occur when an ultrasonic beam

reaches the interface of two dissimilar materials:
reflection, refraction, and mode conversion.
155. 156) When inspecting aluminum by the immersion

method using water for a couplant, the following
information is known: velocity of the sound in the water
= 1.49 x 105 cm/sec, velocity of the longitudinal waves
in the aluminum = 6.32 x 105 cm/sec, and the angle of
incidence = 5?. The angle of refraction for the
longitudinal wave is approximately:
22?.
156. 157) The most efficient sound transmitter of the

piezoelectric material listed (lithium sulfate, quartz,
barium titanate, silver oxide) is:
barium titanate.
157. 158) The most efficient sound receiver of the

piezoelectric material listed (lithium sulfate, quartz,
barium titanate, silver oxide) is:
lithium sulfate.
158. 159) The most commonly used method of producing

shear waves in a test part when inspecting by the
immersion method is:
by angulating the search tube to the proper angle.
159. 160) Beam divergence is a function of the dimensions

of the crystal and the wavelength of the beam
transmitted through a medium, and it:
increases if the frequency or crystal diameter is decreased.
160. 161) The wavelength of an ultrasonic wave is:

directly proportional to velocity and inversely proportional to
frequency.
161. 162) The fundamental frequency of a piezoelectric

crystal is primarily a function of:
he thickness of the crystal.
162. 163) Acoustic velocities are primarily described by:

density and elasticity.
163. 164) Inspection of castings is often impractical because

of: coarse grain structure.
164. 165) Lamb waves may be used to inspect:

thin sheet metal.
165. 166) The formula used to determine the angle of beam

divergence of a quartz crystal is:
sin ?/2 = 1.22 x wavelength/diameter.
166. 167) The resolving power of a search unit is directly

proportional to its:
bandwidth.
167. 168) An acoustic lens element with the following

permits focusing the sound energy to enter cylindrical
surfaces normally or along a line focus:
cylindrical curvatures.
168. 169) The synchronizer, clock, or timer circuit in the

basic pulse-echo instrument will determine the
instrument�s:
pulse repetition rate.
169. 170) The primary requirement of a paintbrush

transducer is that:
the intensity of the beam pattern will not vary greatly over
the entire length of the transducer.
170. 171) Heat conduction, viscous friction, elastic

hysteresis, and scattering are four different
mechanisms that lead to:
attenuation.
171. 172) Since the velocity of sound in aluminum is

approximately 245,000 inches/second, it takes the
sound how long to travel through one inch of aluminum:
4 microseconds.
172. 173) When testing a part with a rough surface, it is

generally advisable to use:
a lower frequency search unit and a more viscous couplant
than is used on parts with a smooth surface.
173. 174) Reflection indications from a weld area being

inspected by the angle beam technique may represent:
porosity, cracks, or weld bead.
174. 175) During a test using A-scan equipment, strong

indications that move at varying rates across the screen
in the horizontal direction appear. It is impossible to
repeat a particular screen pattern by scanning the same
area. A possible cause of these indications is:
electrical interference.
175. 176) In an A-scan presentation, the horizontal line

formed by the uniform and repeated movement of an
electron beam across the fluorescent screen of a
cathode ray tube is called:
a sweep line.
176. 177) The following frequency will probably result in the

greatest amount of attenuation losses:
10 megahertz.
177. 178) In general, the following wave will travel around

gradual curves with little or no reflection from the curve:
surface waves.
178. 179) To evaluate and accurately locate discontinuities

after scanning a part with a paintbrush transducer, it is
generally necessary to use a:
search unit with a smaller crystal.
179. 180) An ultrasonic instrument has been calibrated to

obtain a 2-inch indication from a 5/64-inch diameter flat-
bottomed hole located 3 inches from the front surface of
an aluminum reference block. When testing an
aluminum forging, a 2-inch indication is obtained from a
discontinuity located 3 inches from the entry surface.
The cross-sectional area of this discontinuity is
probably:
greater than the area of the 5/64-inch flat-bottomed hole.
180. 181) As the impedance ratio of two dissimilar materials

increases, the percentage of sound coupled through an
interface of such material:
decreases.
181. 182) Low frequency sound waves are not generally

used to test thin material because of:
poor near-surface resolution.
182. 183) When using two separate search units (one a

transmitter, the other a receiver), the most efficient
combination would be: .
a barium titanate transmitter and a lithium sulfate receiver
183. 184) In immersion testing, the accessory equipment

that the search cable and the search unit are attached
is called a:
search tube or a scanning tube.
184. 185) In general, discontinuities in wrought products tend

to be oriented:
in the direction of the grain flow.
185. 186) In immersion testing, irrelevant or false indications

caused by contoured surfaces are likely to result in a:
broad-based indication.
186. 187) In contact testing, defects near the entry surface

cannot always be detected because of:
the dead zone.
187. 188) In cases where the diameter of the tubing being

inspected is smaller than the diameter of the
transducer, what can be used to confine the sound
beam to the proper range of angles:
a collimator.
188. 189) The maximum scanning speed possible is

primarily determined by:
the pulse repetition rate of the instrument.
189. 190) The following is frequently displayed by a facsimile

recording instead of a CRT presentation:
C-scan presentation.
190. 191) The property of certain materials to transform

electrical energy to mechanical energy and vice versa is
called:
the piezoelectric effect.
191. 192) Surface waves are reduced to an energy level of

approximately 1/25 of the original power at a depth of:

one wavelength.
192. 193) To prevent the appearance of the second front

surface indication before the first back reflection when
inspecting aluminum by the immersion method (water is
used as a couplant), it is necessary to have a minimum
of at least one inch of water for every:
four inches of aluminum, a four to one ratio (4:1) of
aluminum to water.
193. 194) Increasing the length of the pulse used to activate

the search unit will:
increase the strength of the ultrasound but decrease the
resolving power of the instrument.
194. 195) The lack of parallelism between the entry surface

and the back surface:
may result in a screen pattern that does not contain back
reflection indications.
195. 196) A discontinuity with a concave surface will:

cause the reflected beam to focus at a point determined by
the curvature of the discontinuity.
196. 197) When testing a tapered plate by the immersion

method, the plate should be positioned to ensure:
an uniform water distance over the entire area of the plate.
197. 198) Angle beam testing of a plate will often miss:

laminations that are parallel to the front surface.
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Flashcards - ULTRASONICS Study Points LII.

ULTRASONICS Study Points LII.txt

Quiz iOS Android More Card Set: ULTRASONICS Study

1. ULTRASONICS Updated: December

2. 1) The following sound wave mode has multiple or

3. 2) The following would be considered applications of

4. 3) The only significant sound wave mode that will travel

Flashcards - ULTRASONICS Study Points LII.txt.html[03/12/2019 18:38:48]

6. 5) When angle beam contact testing a test piece,

7. 6) Acoustic energy propagates in different modes. The

8. 7) The simple experiment where a stick in a glass of

9. 8) The crystal thickness and transducer frequency are

10. 9) The random distribution of crystallographic direction

11. 10) The length of the zone adjacent to a transducer in

12. 11) The differences in signals received from identical

Flashcards - ULTRASONICS Study Points LII.txt.html[03/12/2019 18:38:48]

13. 12) It is possible for a discontinuity smaller than the

14. 13) The near field effects of a transducer in immersion

15. 14) What relationship would you expect to exist

16. 15) The maximum sound intensity is at the beam

18. 17) Where does beam divergence occur:

19. 18) As the frequency increases in ultrasonic testing, the

Flashcards - ULTRASONICS Study Points LII.txt.html[03/12/2019 18:38:48]

20. 19) As the radius of the curvature of a curved lens is

21. 20) When examining materials for planar flaws oriented

22. 21) If a contact angle beam transducer produces a 45?-

23. 22) Rayleigh waves are influenced most by defects

24. 23) The ultrasonic test method in which finger damping

25. 24) Lamb waves can be used to detect:

26. 25) The ratio of the velocity of sound in water compared

27. 26) The following scanning method could be classified

Flashcards - ULTRASONICS Study Points LII.txt.html[03/12/2019 18:38:48]

28. 27) In an immersion test of a piece of steel or

29. 28) Using the immersion method, a distance amplitude

30. 29) The following law can be used to calculate the

31. 30) An impedance difference results in the division of

32. 31) When using a focused transducer, non-symmetry in

34. 33) During straight beam testing, test specimens with

Flashcards - ULTRASONICS Study Points LII.txt.html[03/12/2019 18:38:48]

35. 34) In the immersion technique, the distance between

36. 35) In a B-scan display, the length of the screen

38. 37) The �dead zone� on an A-scan display refers to:

39. 38) The following represents the intensity of a reflected

40. 39) The following scan type can be used to produce a

41. 40) A manually operated manipulator for immersion

Flashcards - ULTRASONICS Study Points LII.txt.html[03/12/2019 18:38:48]

43. 42) A reduction in the back surface reflection amplitude

44. 43) A six-inch diameter rod is being inspected for

45. 44) The bridge or carriage in an automatic scanning

46. 45) When adjusting the flaw-locating rule for a shear

47. 46) A special scanning device with the transducer

48. 47) The following best describes a typical display of a

49. 48) A primary purpose of a reference standard is:

Flashcards - ULTRASONICS Study Points LII.txt.html[03/12/2019 18:38:48]

50. 49) Compensation for the variation in the echo height

51. 50) The following is a reference reflector that is not

52. 51) During a straight beam ultrasonic test, a

53. 52) A discontinuity is located having an orientation such

54. 53) Gas discontinuities are reduced to flat discs or other

55. 54) In what zone does the amplitude of an indication

56. 55) A smooth flat discontinuity whose major plane is not

Flashcards - ULTRASONICS Study Points LII.txt.html[03/12/2019 18:38:48]

57. 56) Using a pulse-echo technique, if the major plane of