Amino acids in chicken production

1. 1. Amino Acids inChicken Production MuhammadArslan Musa M.Sc.(Hons.) Poultry Science

arslan2062@gmail.com
2. 2. Amino Acids (AA) • Organic substances withaminoand acidgroups • Buildingblocks of
protein • More than 700 aminoacidsoccur in nature • Only 20 alphaamino acids (Protein AA)
have role in protein synthesis
3. 3. Amino Acid Classifications •Essential AA (EAA) - Dietary essential to supplement to birds
•Non-Essential AA (NEAA) - Body can synthesize in sufficient quantities •Semi Essential AA
- become essential under specific conditions
4. 4. Isomerism in Amino Acids • Allamino acids except glycine have L and D isomers • L-
configurationis required for protein synthesis • D-AA is precursor of L-AA • D-AA oxidases
and transaminasesplay role in conversion of D-AA into L-AA • Efficacy of D-AA is ranges 10-
100% of L form • D form of Lysine and Threoninecannot replace L-form
5. 5. Amino acids and their analogues efficacy (percentage) compared with that of L-isomer in
Chicken
6. 6. Amino Acids Imbalances • Deleterious effectthatchange bird behavior • It is due to lackof
one or more limitingaminoacids in feed • It increases amino acid catabolism • Reducedfeed
intake • Excessive amountof AA can cause toxic effects(AA Toxicity) • AA
antagonisminvolves increase in requirementof one aminoacid due to excess of other AA
7. 7. Amino Acid Interaction •Lysine and ArginineAntagonism •Leucine,isoleucineand valine
Interaction •Lysine and Electrolytes •Heat Stress and ArginineAbsorption
8. 8. Ideal Amino Acids Ratio
9. 9. Functions of Amino Acids
10. 10. General Functions •Regulate Gene Expressions •Activate Protein Synthesis •Synthesis
andSecretion of Hormones •Rolein nutrient metabolism •Rolein oxidative defense
11. 11. • Required for proper immune functions • Role in acidbase balance • Body homeostasis •
Neurotransmission • Tissueregenerationand remodeling • Prevent excess fat deposition •
Role in reproduction
12. 12. AA regulation Of Gene Expression
13. 13. Activation of Protein Synthesis
14. 14. Synthesis and Secretion of Hormones •Tyrosine or Phenylalanineis precursor for the
synthesis of 1. Epinephrine 2. Norepinephrine 3. Dopamine 4. Thyroidhormones
•Glutamineand leucineincrease insulinrelease
15. 15. Role in nutrient metabolism • Arginine is anallosteric activator of N-acetylglutamate
synthasein mitochndria • It converts glutamate and acetyl-CoAinto N-acetylglutamate •
During Fasting, Alanine regulating gluconeogenesis and glycolysis by inhibiting pyruvate
kinase, Glutamate and Aspartate regulate glycolysis and cellularredox state • Methionine,
glycine, serine,and histidine activelyparticipate in one-carbon metabolism
16. 16. Role in oxidative defense •Glutathione is major antioxidant which is formed from
cysteine, glutamate, and glycine •Glutamine regulates expressionof genes inthe small
intestine that are related to oxidative defense •Methionineis precursor of glutathione and
carnitine
17. 17. Amino Acids and Immune Functions •Glutamine, arginine, methionine,and cysteine
haverole in enhancingtheimmune function •Histidine improvesimmune responseof skin
•Threonine improvesimmunity of gut •Lysine requiredfor properimmune function
18. 18. Amino Acid Catabolism
19. 19. Specific Functions of Amino Acids
20. 20. Methionine •Role in protein synthesis •Methyl donor in methylationreactions •Role in
oxidativedefense (asmethionine isprecursor of glutathioneand carnitine) •Role in synthesisof
Cysteine, Cholineand Betaine •Role in cell and nucleusdivision(as methioninerequired for
polyamines synthesis) •Role in osmoregulation
21. 21. Lysine •Importantrole inprotein synthesis •Regulate NOsynthesis •Requiredfor proper
immuneresponse •Improvebreast meat yield •OH-Lys has rolein collagen structure and
function
22. 22. Threonine •Role in protein phosphorylation and glycine synthesis •Improve immune
function by improving antibody production •Maintain integrity and immunity of intestine
•Inhibit apoptosis •Improve feed conversion efficiency and weight gain
23. 23. Tryptophan • Regulate feed intake • Anti-inflammatoryand anti-oxidantproperties •
Improve immune response andgrowth performance • Role in reductionofliver fat • Reduce
stress • Precursor of Niacin
24. 24. Tyrosine •Rolein protein and energy metabolism •Regulate immuneresponse •Rolein
nerve transmission •Skinpigmentation •Antioxidantand anti-stressor properties
25. 25. Arginine •Antioxidant •Improvemeat quality •Regulate hormonesecretion •Ammonia
detoxification •Deamination of proteins •Improvemeat quality •Reducestress
26. 26. Histidine • Protein methylation • Hemoglobinstructure and function • Allergicreaction •
Immune response of skin • Vasodilator • Gutfunctions
27. 27. Leucine •Regulate immuneresponse •Geneexpression •BCAA balance •Glutamate
dehydrogenaseactivator
28. 28. Isoleucine andValine •Synthesis of glutamine and alanine •BCAA balance