Info to nail GMAT quant – compiled by dreamz and tictaktoe/piyusht

QUANT THEORY

1) nPr = n!/(n-r)!
2) nPn = n!
3) nCr = n!/(n-r)!r!
4) nCn = 1
5) n
P0 = 1

6) nC0 = 1
7) AP An = a + (n-1)d
Sn = n/2[2a + (n-1)d]
8) GP An = ar(n-1)
Sn = a(rn – 1 )/ (r-1)
S∞ = a/(1-r)
9) 1 mile = 1760 yards
10)1 yard = 3 feet
11) 1 mile2 = 640 acres
12) I gallon = 4 quarts gqpco 4228
13)1 quart = 2 pints
14)1 pint = 2 cups
15)1 cup = 8 ounces
16)1 pound = 16 ounces
17)1 ounce = 16 drams
18)1 kg = 2.2 pounds
19) 30-60-90 triangle  1:√3:2 sides
20) 45-45-90 triangle  1:1:√2 sides
21) a3>b3  a>b
22)If A than B => not B than not A
23)Zero divided by any nonzero integer is zero.
24)Division by 0 is undefined.
25)
 Tangent Chord Angle:
An angle formed by an intersecting tangent
and chord has its vertex "on" the circle.

Tangent Chord Angle =

Intercepted Arc
<ABC is
an angle formed by a tangent and chord.
Its intercepted arc is the minor arc from A to
B.
m<ABC = 60º

Angle Formed Inside of a Circle by Two

Intersecting Chords:
When two chords intersect "inside" a circle,
four angles are formed. At the point of
intersection, two sets of vertical angles can be
seen in the corners of the X that is formed on
the picture. Remember: vertical angles are
equal.

Angle Formed Inside by Two Chords =

<BED is formed by two intersecting

Sum of Intercepted Arcs chords.

Its intercepted arcs are .

Once you have found ONE of these [Note: the intercepted arcs belong
angles, you automatically know the to the set of vertical angles.]
sizes of the other three by using your
knowledge of vertical angles (being
equal) and adjacent angles forming a
straight line (adding to 180). also, m<CEA = 120º (vetical angle)
m<BEC and m<DEA = 60º by straight
line.

Angle Formed Outside of a Circle by the Intersection of:

"Two Tangents" or "Two Secants" or "a Tangent and a Secant".

The formulas for all THREE of these situations are the same:

Angle Formed Outside = Difference of Intercepted Arcs

(When subtracting, start with the larger arc.)
 Two Tangents:
<ABC is formed by two tangents intersecting
outside of circle O.
The intercepted arcs are minor arc AC and
major arc AC. These two arcs together
comprise the entire circle.

Special situation for this set up: It can be proven that <ABC and central
<AOC are supplementary. Thus the angle formed by the two tangents and its
first intercepted arc also add to 180º.

Two Secants:
<ACE is formed by two secants intersecting
outside of circle O.
The intercepted arcs are minor arcs BD and
AE.

a Tangent and a Secant:

<ABD is formed by a tangent and a secant
intersecting outside of circle O.
The intercepted arcs are minor arcs AC and
AD.

26) The standard deviation is a statistic that tells you how tightly all the various
examples are clustered around the mean in a set of data. When the examples are
pretty tightly bunched together and the bell-shaped curve is steep, the standard
deviation is small. When the examples are spread apart and the bell curve is
relatively flat, that tells you have a relatively large standard deviation.

27) n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = n(A) + n (B)+ n(C)

– n(A ∩ B) – n(A ∩ C) – n(B ∩ C)
+ n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
28) n(Aonly) = n(A) – n(A ∩ C) – n(A ∩ B) + n(A ∪ B ∪ C)
29)Dividend = Divisor * Quotient + Remainder
30)LCM * HCF = Product of 2 numbers.
31)1 + 2 + 3 ………………..n = n * n+1 / 2

32) Sum of squares of 1st n natural numbers = n (n+1)(2n+1) / 6

33) Sum of cubes of 1st n natural numbers = [n (n+1)/2]2

34)

Squares and Cubes

Number ( x ) Square ( x 2 ) Cube ( x 3 )
1 1 1
2 4 8
3 9 27
4 16 64
5 25 125
6 36 216
7 49 -
8 64 -
9 81 -
10 100 -
11 121 -
12 144 -
13 169 -
14 196 -
15 225 -
16 256 -
17 289
18 324
19 361
21 441
22 484
23 529
24 576
25 625

35)
Fractions and Percentage:
Fraction Decimal Percentage
1/2 0.5 50
1/3 0.33 33 1/3
2/3 0.66 66 2/3
1/4 0.25 25
3/4 0.75 75
1/5 0.2 20
2/5 0.4 40
3/5 0.6 60
4/5 0.8 80
 1/6 0.166 16 2/3
5/6 0.833 83 2 / 3
1/8 0.125 12 1 / 2
3/8 0.375 37 1 / 2
5/8 0.625 62 1 / 2
7/8 0.875 87 1 / 2
1/9 0.111 11
2/9 0.222 22
1 / 10 0.1 10
1 / 20 0.05 5
1 / 100 0.01 1
36)Average speed = Total distance / Total Time

1. When equal distances are covered in different speed then we take the
harmonic mean

Av Speed = 2ab / a + b

2. Different distances in same time we take AM

Av Speed is = a + b / 2

37) Simple Interest: SI = PRT / 100, A = P + SI

38)1 Nickel = 5 cents

1 dime = 10 cents
1 quarter = 25 cents
1 half = 50 cents
1 dollar = 100 cents

39) Equilateral triangle, Area = (√3 * a2)/4

40) Area of trapezium = ½ (Height * Sum of parallel sides)

41)Arc Length = ( / 360) 2 r
42) Area of sector = ( / 360) r2

43)Equal chords are equidistant from the center.

44) (x+y) 8 = 8C8x8 + 8C7x7y + 8C6x6y2 + 8C5x5y3 + … + 8C2x2y6 + 8C1xy7 + 8C0y8

45) Sometimes we get so involved with the nitty-gritties of mathematics that we start
functioning like automatons and stop thinking. Don’t fall prey to this trap. For
example, what is the probability that a number amongst the first 1000 positive
integers is divisible by 8? Don’t start counting the multiples of 8! The figure of
1000 is a red herring. Use a little common sense. The numbers will be
8,16,24,32…So, 1 in every 8 numbers is a multiple of 8, even if you consider the
first million integers. So Probability is 1/8

46)The number of integers from A to B inclusive is = B -A +1

47)Average of consecutive numbers:

 Eg from 13 to 77 = (13+77)/2

48) Slope = (change in y)/(change in x)

49) 00 = undefined
50)

Slope = -1 Slope =2 Slope = 1

Slope = 0

Slope = infinity

51)Sum of interior angles of a polygon with n sides = (n-2)*180

52)Degree measure of one angle in a regular polygon with n sides
= {(n-2)*180 }/n
53) When multiplying or dividing both sides of an inequality by a negative
number, the inequality sign reverses.
–x < y => -(-x) > y => x > -y
54) Fraction > (fraction)2 for all positive fractions
55) Fraction > √(fraction ) for all positive fractions
56) If n is a positive integer, (n6)/2 = √(n12 / 4)
57) If z1, z2, z3 … zn are consecutive positive integers and their average is an odd
integer => n is odd => sum of series is odd
58) In a triangle with sides of measure a, b and c, a-b<c<a+b
59)Before confirming try and back solve and make sure that u have answered what
has been asked.
60)When the question mentions prime number, remember to think of 2 too.
61)In a triangle, if the sum of two angles = third angle, then it is a right angled
triangle.
62)Do not transport information from another statement unless considering both
collectively.
63)A-b = odd => a + b = odd
64)

65)

66) If a DS question simply asks whether a, b, c and d are consecutive integers; use
your brain. It has just asked u to answer if they are consecutive, not if they are
consecutive in order.

67) Measure of an angle of a cyclic polygon = 180 – 360/n , where n is the number
of sides of the polygon.
68) Sometimes, mistakes might also be committed by simply misreading the
statement. Eg

Both Tim and Harry received an acre of land more than Neel => t = n + 1, h = n + 1
Tim and Harry received an acre more than Neel => t + h = n+1

69)

B C D

Let Triangle ABC be equilateral with each side of measure ‘a’ and AC ⊥ BD
 AB = BD = AD = a
 ∠a = ∠b = ∠c = 600
 AC = √(a2 + a/2 2)
= √3*a/2
 Area = √3 * a2/4
 Perimeter = 3a
 Radius of circle O = a/√3 = AC * 2/3
 Radius of circle O’ = √3a/6 = AC * 1/3

O’
.O

70) Two circles will touch each or intersect each other if the distance between their
centers d is such that
R – r ≤ d ≤ R + r, where R and r are the radii of the two circles

71) Remainder of less than two means not just one; it also means remainder of zero.

72) Do not make unwarranted assumptions. 12 midnight to 12 noon does not

mention what days, and hence you cannot find out the time period.

73) Standard deviation of a set is always negative and equals zero only if all
elements of the set are equal.

74) If the difference between the largest and the smallest divisor of a number is X,
the number is X + 1
75) Always remember the special watch out cases in DS questions. If the question
mentions mean of a set, the mean can be ZERO also.

76) If area of a rectangle is known, diagonal is known, perimeter can be found

a2 + b2 = diagonal2
a2 + b2 + 2ab = diagonal2+ 2ab
(a + b)2 = diagonal2+ 2*area

77) √(y2) = |y| => y if y is positive, -y if y is negative

78) angle = mod [(60H - 11M) /2 ]

H = value of hour hand

M = value of minute hand

eg, if time is 2:30, then H =2 and M =30

79) Every number raised to power 5 has the number itself as unit digit

80) If a + b + c = Z, than the largest of a, b, and c cannot be greater than the mean
of the other two.

81) The rule that one side of a triangle cannot be > sum of other two, only applies to
sides, not angles

82) FINALLY, MAKE SURE OF WHAT THE QUESTION SAYS – INTEGER MEANS
INTEGRAL LENGTH. And, DIVIDING A WIRE INTO PIECES, DOES NOT NECESSARILY
IMPLY THAT THEY WILL BE INTEGRAL LENGTHS. Similarly, that a boat covers a
distance upstream in 3 hours, states only the time, even if it has been mentioned
that it covers a a distance 12 km downstream in 2 hours.

83) x2 = 9*y2 does not necessarily imply that x2 > y2. (Hint : consider x=y=0)

84) When we say multiples between 16 and 260, and inclusive/exclusive is not
mentioned, take 16 and 260 to be exclusive.

85) The statement implies :

The hourly wage for each employee ranges from $5 an hour to $20 an hour.

minimum average = (20 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5)/5

maximum average = (5 + 20 + 20 + 20 + 20)/5