Abrasion Test
Objective
- To assess the resistance to crushing and
abrasive wear of an aggregate by means
of the Los Angeles Abrasion Machine
Apparatus
- Los Angeles Abrasion Machine
- Stopwatch
- Tray
- Weighing scale
Procedure
- Prepare sample of aggregates 2.5kg
14mm and 2.5kg 10mm (wash and oven
dry)
- Put sample along with 11 steel balls
(according to ASTM)
- Rotate drum 500 revs at 30 to 33 rpm
- Remove sample and sieve manually using
1.76mm
- Wash and oven dry sample retained
- Weigh the oven dried sample
Data Analysis
- Initial weight (w1)
- Oven dried retained sample (w2)
- Weight loss, w1-w2 (w3)
- Percentage of wear, w3/w1 × 100%
Discussion
- Lower percentage of wear, higher
strength
- JKR specs <40%
Aggregate Impact Test
Objective
- To assess the resistance of an aggregate
to mechanical degradation by the
Aggregate Impact Test
- To measure a resistance of sudden impact
or shock
Apparatus
- Testing machine
- Metal hammer (13.5 to 14 kg, 50mm long,
100mm dia.) Free fall (380+-5mm)
- Steel cylinder mould (102mm, depth
50mm, min. thickness 6.3mm)
- Tamping rod (10mm, 230mm long,
rounded at one end)
- Balance
- Sieve (12.5mm, 10mm, 2.36mm)
- Lab oven
Procedure
- Sieve using 12.5mm, 10mm and pan (Take
10mm retained)
- Wash, dry(100 to 110 degree<4h) and
weigh sample
- Compact three layers (25 tamp each
layer)
- Strike off surplus aggregates and weigh
- Raise hammer 15 times
- Remove mould and sieve sample using
2.36mm then weigh
Data Analysis
- Total weight (w1)
- Weight passing 2.36mm (w2)
- AIV(%) = w2/w1 × 100%
Discussion
- 10-12 strong, 20-30 satisfactory for road
surfacing, >35 weak for road surfacing
- JKR specs <30
- Lower AIV, higher strength
Penetration Test Ring and Ball Test

Objective Objective

- To determine the quality of bitumen used - To determine the quality of bitumen used
in flexible pavement in flexible pavement

Apparatus Apparatus

- Asphalt bitumen - Bitumen

- Penetration apparatus
Procedure
- Prepare sample and place in water bath
for 1 to 1.5 hrs before test
- Set zero
- Position the needle on the surface of
bitumen, apply load and allow it to
penetrate for 5s (temperature must be
kept at 25)
- Take reading
- Remove needle and clean it with kerosene
- Repeat for two more reading
Data Analysis
- Penetration Index (Nomograph)
Discussion
- JKR specs (-1 to 1)
- Workable (-2 to 2)
- Steel ball
- Brass ring
- Thermometer
- Beaker
- Heating machine
- Stirrer
Procedure
- Heat sample 75-100 degree Celsius until it
completely fluid
- Put ice in water until the temperature
below 5 degree Celsius for 5 mins
- Place sample in the brass ring
- Put the sample on apparatus and place
the ring and ball
- Place them in the beaker
- Place thermometer and stirrer
- Turn on the heater and stirrer
- Record temperature for every min
- Record the time and temperature when
the bitumen touches the base

Data Analysis

- Calculate average final reading

- Penetration Index (Nomograph)

Discussion

- JKR specs ( softening point 60 to 70

degree Celsius)
- JKR specs (-1 to 1)
- Workable (-2 to 2)