Engine Starting System

The function of exhaust System: 1> to discharge 2>to reduce engine

exhaust pressure in to the exhaust line atmosphere and eliminate outside
the most of noise.

The components of exhaust System: cylinders muffler exhaust

manifold pipe Working the exhaust manifold connects the engine cylinders
exhaust outlet to the exhaust pipe. The exhaust gases from the cylinders
collect in the exhaust manifold & are conveyed to the atmosphere
through the exhaust pipe.

* The exhaust pipe is provided with a muffler (silencer) to reduce

pressure in exhaust line & eliminate most of noise which may results if
gases are discharged directly into the atmosphere.
The exhaust manifold is connected with exhaust pipe
by one or two flexible expansion joints to allow for the expansion & to
minimize the effect of engine vibration on system.

The temperature of exhaust gases leaving the engine is about 400 C

when it works under full load conditions.
Therefore,a large engine exhaust gas contains large amount of heat. This
heat can be Recovered and utilized in three manners as:

a. To heat the water which is supplied to the cylinder jackets.

b. To generate low pressure steam in the water heat boiler which can
be used for process
heating.
b. To heat ventilating air which is supplied to the engine.

Designing an exhaust System

The exhaust noise should be reduced to the desired level. The
exhaust should be discharged sufficiently height above the ground level
in order to reduce the air pollution at ground level. The expa
nsion joints should be used to reduce the engine vibration on th
e exhaust system. The pressure loss in the exhaust system should be
minimum. There should be provision to recover the
heat of exhaust gases to increase the efficiency of the plant.Engine Starting
by an auxiliary small engine
There are two engines:

a. Diesel engine that is main engine.

b. Small petrol engine.

Joining diesel engine and petrol engine are joined by clutch and gear
arrangements. Small petrol engine can be easily started by mean
s of manual operations.

Working process: First clutch is disengaged and petrol engine is

started by hand operated system. Then clutch gradually engaged and
the power is transferred to diesel engine. Automaticdisengagement of
clutch takes place after main engine has started. The capacity of the
starting petrol engine is just sufficient to overcome the friction of the main
diesel engine.

Compressed air system

The compressed air system is generally used for starting

large diesel engine employed for power plant. In this system compressed
air a pressure of 17 bar is supplied from an air bottle to the engine
cylinder either through a distributor or directly through inlet manifold.
Incase of multi cylinder engines, at least one cylinder remains on the
suction stroke.

When compressed air under the pressure enters cylinder, it pushes

the cylinder thereby causing entire engine crankshaft assembly to rotate.
Meanwhile the suction stroke of some other cylinder takes place and the
compressed air again pushes the piston of this cylinder and causes the
engine crank assembly to rotate. Gradually the engine gains momentum
and by turning on the fuel supply, engine will start running.

Starting by electric motor

The main advantages ofelectric starting are its simplicity and
effectiveness. This system is used for small diesel engine. This system
consists of an electric motor which is drives pinion which
engages a gear toothed rim on engine. A storage battery of 12 to 36 volts is
used to supply power to an electric motor.

The first method from above as stopping fuel supply is the

most commonly used for stopping diesel engine, inwhich the fuel supply
to injection pump is cut with the help of solenoid value. The solenoid valve
is placed in the fuel supply line close to the inlet of the injection pumps. The
valve needle has a magnetic head which is located inside a solenoid.
When electric current is passed though the coil, a magnetic force is set
up which moves the valve needle and allows fuel to flow.
When hand operated switch button is the electric circuit is broken
the needed come back and closes the valve and hence engine is
stopped.

The motor draws a heavy current and is designed to engage

continuously for about 30 seconds only, after which it is required to cool
off for a minuteor so, and then re-engaged. This is done till the engine star
ts up. There is also arrangement for automatic disengagement after the
engine has started. When the engine is running a small dc generation the
engine serves to charge the engine serves to charge the battery
otherwise small electric generator driven from the engine may be
used.

Engine Stopping System

The engine should not be stopped abruptly in order to stop engine, the
speed should be decreased gradually until no power is delivered by
generator. Thenthe engine is disconnected from the bus bars and is
allowed to run idle for some time.Engine can be shut down with of the any
one of the following methods.

1. Keeping exhaust fuel supply value open.

2. Shutting the action of air of injection supply pump.