Airports In Andhra Pradesh

Airports In Andhra Pradesh

ACKNOWLEGEMENT
Concentration, dedication and application are necessary but not sufficient to achieve any goal.
Therefore, it is our pleasant duty to offer our service of acknowledgment to those. Honourable personalities
of the department who helped us to follow the path success for the completion of the project .
We take this opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude to our guide sir Dr. C. HARI
head of the department (computer science) and communication for his whole hearted cooperation, unfailing
inspiration and valuable guidance. We thank him for spending his valuable time at odd hour and for the
patience which is showed in bringing out this project.
We express our heartiest thanks to the management and our principal Dr. V. CHANDRA
SEKHAR for extending his upmost support and cooperation in providing all provision for the successful
completion of the project.
We would like to express our special gratitude to teaching and non teaching staff of computer
science department, my friends, who are always a source of inspiration for us and played an important role in
making the project memorable one.

PROJECT ASSOCIATES
S.TARUN

P.KESAV ARVIND

K.SRINIVAS RAO

D.VENKATESH

D.SAVITHRI

N.ROSHINI
 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the project work entitled “ AIRPORTS IN ANDHRA PRADESH” in bonafied
work done as a team and submitted to COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT for the award of degree of
bachelor of science in COMPUTER SCIENCE and has not been submitted to any other for the award of any
other degree.

PROJECT ASSOCIATES
S.TARUN

P.KESAV ARVIND

K.SRINIVAS RAO

D.VENKATESH

D.SAVITHRI

N.ROSHINI
 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

INDEX
1.ABSTRACT
1.1 Problem statement
1.2 Previous work
1.3 Scope of the study
1.4 Project description

2.SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
2.1 Functional specifications
2.1.1 Functions performed
2.1.2 Limitations and restrictions
2.2 DESIGN SPECIFICATION
2.2.1 System data flow diagrams
2.2.2 System configuration
2.2.3 Implementation languages

3.ABOUT LANGUAGE AND TECHNOLOGY

4.CODING
5.TESTING
6.REFERENCE
 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

ABSTRACT

AIRPORTS:

An airport is anaerodrome with extended facilities, mostly for commercial air transport. Airports often have
facilities to store and maintainaircraft, and a control tower. An airport consists of a landing area, which
comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surface such as
arunway for a plane to take off or a helipad,and often includes adjacent utility buildings such as control
towers,hangars and terminals. Larger airports may havefixed-base operator services, airport aprons,taxiway
bridges, air traffic control centres, passenger facilities such as restaurants and lounges, andemergency
services.

An airport with a helipad for rotorcraft but no runway is called a heliport. An airport for use
by seaplanesand amphibious aircraft is called a seaplane base. Such a base typically includes a stretch of
open water for takeoffs and landings, and seaplane docks for tying-up.

An international airport has additional facilities forcustoms and passport control.

In warfare, airports can become the focus of intense fighting, for example the Battle of Tripoli Airport or
theBattle for Donetsk Airport, both taking place in 2014. An airport primarily for military use is called
anairbase or air station.

Most of the world's airports are owned by local,regional, or national government bodies

IN THIS PROJECT WE ARE USING A SOFTWARE AS A FRONT END IN HTML,JAVASCRIPT.

 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

INFRASTRUCTURE

Smaller or less-developed airports, which represent the vast majority, often have a single runway shorter than
1,000 m (3,300 ft). Larger airports for airline flights generally have paved runways 2,000 m (6,600 ft) or
longer. Many small airports have dirt, grass, or gravel runways, rather than asphalt or concrete.

In the United States, the minimum dimensions for dry, hard landing fields are defined by the FAR Landing
And Takeoff Field Lengths. These include considerations for safety margins during landing and takeoff.
Heavier aircraft require longer runways.

The longest public-use runway in the world is at Qamdo Bamda Airport in China. It has a length of 5,500 m
(18,045 ft). The world's widest paved runway is at Ulyanovsk Vostochny Airport in Russia and is 105 m
(344 ft) wide.

As of 2009, the CIA stated that there were approximately 44,000 "... airports or airfields recognizable from
the air" around the world, including 15,095 in the US, the US having the most in the world.

Airport ownership and operation

Most of the world's airports are owned by local, regional, or national government bodies who then lease the
airport to private corporations who oversee the airport's operation. For example, in the United Kingdom the
state-owned British Airports Authorityoriginally operated eight of the nation's major commercial airports – it
was subsequently privatized in the late 1980s, and following its takeover by the Spanish Ferrovial consortium
in 2006, has been further divested and downsized to operating just Heathrow now. Germany's Frankfurt
Airport is managed by the quasi-private firm Fraport. While in India GMR Group operates, through joint
ventures, Indira Gandhi International Airport and Rajiv Gandhi International Airport. Bengaluru International
Airportand Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport are controlled by GVK Group. The rest of India's
airports are managed by the Airports Authority of India.

In the United States commercial airports are generally operated directly by government entities or
government-created airport authorities (also known as port authorities), such as the Los Angeles World
Airports authority that oversees several airports in the Greater Los Angeles area, including Los Angeles
International Airport.
 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

In Canada, the federal authority, Transport Canada, divested itself of all but the remotest airports in
1999/2000. Now most airports in Canada are owned and operated by individual legal authorities or are
municipally owned.

Many U.S. airports still lease part or all of their facilities to outside firms, who operate functions such as
retail management and parking. In the U.S., all commercial airport runways are certified by the FAA under
the Code of Federal Regulations Title 14 Part 139, "Certification of Commercial Service Airports" but
maintained by the local airport under the regulatory authority of the FAA.

Despite the reluctance to privatize airports in the US (despite the FAA sponsoring a privatization program
since 1996), the government-owned, contractor-operated (GOCO) arrangement is the standard for the
operation of commercial airports in the rest of the world.
 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

Infrastructure of Airport
 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

Products and services

Food court and shops, Halifax Stanfield International Airport, Canada

Duty-free shop at Suvarnabhumi International Airport in Bangkok,

Thailand

Most major airports provide commercial outlets for products and

services. Most of these companies, many of which are internationally
known brands, are located within the departure areas. These include clothing boutiques and restaurants and in
the US amounted to $4.2 billion in 2015. Prices charged for items sold at these outlets are generally higher
than those outside the airport. However, some airports now regulate costs to keep them comparable to "street
prices". This term is misleading as prices often match the manufacturers' suggested retail price (MSRP) but
are almost never discounted.

Apart from major fast food chains, some airport restaurants offer
regional cuisine specialties for those in transit so that they may sample
local food or culture without leaving the airport.

Major airports in such countries as Russia and Japan offer miniature

sleeping units within the airport that are available for rent by the hour. The smallest type is the capsule
hotel popular in Japan. A slightly larger variety is known as a sleep box. An even larger type is provided by
the company YOTEL.
 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT

The terms aerodrome, airfield, and airstrip may also be used to refer to airports, and the
terms heliport,seaplane base, and STOLport refer to airports dedicated exclusively to helicopters, seaplanes,
orshort take-off and landing aircraft.

In colloquial use, the terms airport and aerodrome are often interchanged. However, in general, the
termairport may imply or confer a certain stature upon the aviation facility that an aerodrome may not have
achieved. In some jurisdictions, airport is a legal term of art reserved exclusively for
those aerodromescertified or licensed as airports by the relevant national aviation authority after meeting
specified certification criteria or regulatory requirements.

That is to say, all airports are aerodromes, but not all aerodromes are airports. In jurisdictions where there is
no legal distinction between aerodrome and airport, which term to use in the name of an aerodrome may be a
commercial decision. Aerodrome is uncommon in the United States.
 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

1.2 PREVIOUS WORK

We begin our project with following statements.

 Data gathering.
 Data presentations.
 List of files and records required.
 Designing the screens.
 Referring the books.
 Find through internet which is suitable to the front end of our project.
 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

1.3 SCOPE OF STUDY

The airports in india fall into one or more of the following categories.

 Domestic –they handle domestic flights.

 International –they handle international flights.
 Defence –they are handle by the Indian armed forced.
 Private – they are for specific purpose.
 At present, 64 airports have domestic status and 22 others have international status.32 airports are
defence airports and 16 airports have the private status.

Thus we have a total of 134 airports.

 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

1.4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

THIS PROJECT IS TO OBTAIN THE COMPLETE AND CORRECT INFORMATION.WHILE THERE

ARE A FEW DIFFERENT TYPES OF AIRPORTS.

ABOUT AIRPORTS:
1.INTERNAIONAL AIRPORTS
2.DOMESTIC AIRPORTS
 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

2.SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

2.1.1 FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS

BASIC HTML

TAG DESCRIPTION

<!DOCTYPE> defines the document type

<html> defines an HTML documents

<title> defines a title for the document

<body> defines the documents body

<h1>to<h6> defines HTML heading

<p> defines a paragraph

<br> inserts asingle line break

<hr> defines athematic change in the contect

 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

<!--…> defines a comment

<abbr> defines an abbreviation or an acronym

<address> defines contact information for the

author/owner of a document/articles

<b> defines bolt text

<bdi> isolates a parts of the text that might be formatted in a differrent

direction from other text out side it

<bdo> overrides the current text direction

<blockquote> defines a section that is quoted from another sources

<cite> defines the title of the work

<codw> defines a piece of computer code

<del> defines text that has been deleted form a document

 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

<dfn> represents the defining instance of a term

<em> defines emphasized text

<i> defines a part of text in an alternate voice

or mood

<ins> defines a text that has been inserted into a

document

<kdb> defines keyboard input

<mark> defines marked/highlighted text

<meter> defines a scalar measurement within a

known range (a guage)

<pre> defines preformatted text

<progress> represents the progress of a task

 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

<q> defines a short quotation

<rp> defines what to show in browsers that do

not support ruby annotations

<rt> defines an explanation/pronunciation of

characters (for east asian typography)

<ruby> defines a ruby annotation

(for east asian typography)

<s> defines text that is no longer correct

<samp> defines samples output from acomputer

program

<small> defines smaller text

<strong> defines important text

<sub> defines subscripted text

 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

<sup> defines superscripted text

<time> defines a date/time

<u> defines text that should be stylistically

different from normal text

<var> defines a variables

<wbr> defines a possible line-break

<form> defines an HTML form for user input

<input> defines an input control

<textarea> defines a multiline input control (text area)

<button> defines a clickable button

<select> defines a drop-down list

 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

<optgroup> defines a group of related options in a drop-

down list

<option> defines an option in a drop-down list

<label> defines a label for an <input> element

<fieldset> groups related elements in a froms

<legend> defines a captions for a <fieldset> element

<datalist> specifies a list of pre-defined options for

input controls

<keygen> defines a key-pair generator field (for form)

<output> defines the result of a calculation

Frames

TAG DESCRIPTION

<iframe> defines an inline frame

 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

Images

TAG DESCRIPTION

<img> defines an image

<map> defines a client-side image-map

<area> defines an a area inside an image-map

<canvas> used to draw graphics, on the fly, via

scripting (usually java script)

<figcaption> defines a caption for a <figure> element

<figure> specifies self-contained content

Audio / Video

TAG DESCRIPTION

<audio> defines sound content

 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

<source> defines multiple media resources for media

elements (<video> and <audio>)

<track> defines text tracks for media elements

(<video>and<audio>)

<video> defines a video or movie

Links

TAG DESCRIPTION

<a> defines a hyperlink

<link> defines the relationship between a

document and a an external resources

(most used to link to style sheets)

<nav> defines navigations links

 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

Lists

TAG DESCRIPTION

<ul> defines an unordered list

<ol> defines an ordered list

<li> defines a list iteam

<dl> defines a description list

<dt> defines a term/term in a description list

<dd> defines a description of a term/term in a

description list

<menu> defines a list/menu of a commands

<menuitem> defines a command/menu item that the

user can invole from a popup menu

 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

Tables

TAG DESCRIPTION

<table> defines a tables

<caption> defines a tables caption

<th> defines a header cell in the table

<tr> defines a row in a table

<thead> groups the header content in a table

<tbody> groups the body content in a table

<tfoot> groups the footer content in a table

<col> specifies column properities for thr each

column within a <colgroup> element

<colgroup> specifies a group of one or more columns in

a tables for formatting

 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

Style and Semantics

Tag Description

<style> defines style information for a document

<div> defines a section in a document

<span> defines a section in a document

<header> defines a header for a documents or section

<footer> defines a footer for a document or section

<main> specifies the main content of a document

<section> defines a section in a document

<article> defines an article

<aside> defines content aside from the page

content
 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

<details> defines additional details that the user can

view or hide

<dialog> defines a dialog box or window

<summary> defines a visible heading for a <details>

element
 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

AIRCRAFT LIMITATIONS

All Aircraft:

No Person shall operate any Aircraft to, from, or on the Airport which is not equipped with.
Brakes or other positive means to assure adequate ground control.
An operable two-way radio capable of communicating with the Airport control tower.
Has a tip-to-tip wingspan of greater than 95 feet
Has a Maximum Allowable Gross Landing Weight in excess of 100,000 pounds dual wheel or 160,000
pounds dual tandem wheel.
No Person shall arrive at the Airport in an Aircraft that is certificated as Stage III, pursuant to the noise rating
standards of FAR Part 36, between 11:00 P.M. and 7:00 A.M. local time.
No Person shall depart from the Airport in an Aircraft that is certificated as Stage III between 10:30 P.M. and
7:00 A.M. local time
 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

2.2 DESIGN SPECIFICATION

2.2.1 DFD

user home

International airports Domestic airports in

in Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh

Visakhapatnam vijayawada Tirupathi Rajahmundry kadapa

 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

2.2.2 System Configuration

Hardware configuration

Processor : 845 intel processor

Main memory : 128MB RAM

HDD : 20GB

System configuration

Operating system : windowsXP

Documentation :MS-Word

Programming :web technologies

Backup media :hard disk backup

Front end :HTML

 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

3. ABOUT LANGUAGE AND TECHNOLOGY

Sir Timothy John Berners Lee OM KBE FRSFREng FRSA FBCS (born 8 June 1955), also known
as TimBL, is an English engineer and computer scientist, best known as the inventor of the World Wide
Web. He is currently a Professor of Computer Science at the University of Oxford. He made a proposal for
an information management system in March 1989, and he
implemented the first successful communication between
a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) client and server via
theinternet in mid-November the same year.

Berners-Lee is the director of the World Wide Web

Consortium (W3C), which oversees the continued development of the
Web. He is also the founder of the World Wide Web
Foundationand is a senior researcher and holder of thefounders chair at
the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL). He is a director of the Web
Science Research Initiative (WSRI), and a member of the advisory board of the MIT Center for Collective
Intelligence. In 2011, he was named as a member of the board of trustees of the Ford Foundation. He is a
founder and president of the Open Data Institute.

In 2004, Berners-Lee was knighted by QueenElizabeth II for his pioneering work. In April 2009, he was
elected a foreign associate of theUnited States National Academy of Sciences. Named in Time magazine's list
of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th century, Berners-Lee has received a number of other
accolades for his invention. He was honoured as the "Inventor of the World Wide Web" during the 2012
Summer Olympics opening ceremony, in which he appeared in person, working with a vintage NeXT
Computerat the London Olympic Stadium. He tweeted"This is for everyone", which instantly was spelled out
in LCD lights attached to the chairs of the 80,000 people in the audience.Berners-Lee received the
2016 Turing Award"for inventing the World Wide Web, the first web browser, and the fundamental
protocols and algorithms allowing the Web to scale"
Airports In Andhra Pradesh
 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

<html>

<head>

<title>homepage</title>

</head>

<body background="air.jpg"style="background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:1050px 700px;">

<h1 align="center"font color="red">AIRPORTS IN ANDHRA PRADESH</H1>

<P><FONT COLOR="blue">

<BR></BR>

<FONT COLOR="green">

An airport is an aerodrome with extended facilities, mostly for commercial air transport. Airports often have
facilities to store and maintain aircraft, and a control tower. An airport consists of a landing area, which
comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surface such as a
runway for a plane to take off or a helipad, and often includes adjacent utility buildings such as control
towers, hangars and terminals. Larger airports may have fixed-base operator services, airport aprons, taxiway
bridges, air traffic control centres, passenger facilities such as restaurants and lounges, and emergency
services.

An airport with a helipad for rotorcraft but no runway is called a heliport. An airport for use by seaplanes and
amphibious aircraft is called a seaplane base. Such a base typically includes a stretch of open water for
takeoffs and landings, and seaplane docks for tying-up.

An international airport has additional facilities for customs and passport control.
 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

In warfare, airports can become the focus of intense fighting, for example the Battle of Tripoli Airport or the
Battle for Donetsk Airport, both taking place in 2014. An airport primarily for military use is called an
airbase or air station.

Most of the world's airports are owned by local, regional, or national government bodies

</P>

<H2 ALIGN="left"><font color="red">INFRASTUCTURES OF AIRPORTS</H2>

<P>

<FONT COLOR="green">Smaller or less-developed airports, which represent the vast majority, often have a
single runway shorter than 1,000 m (3,300 ft). Larger airports for airline flights generally have paved
runways 2,000 m (6,600 ft) or longer. Many small airports have dirt, grass, or gravel runways, rather than
asphalt or concrete.

In the United States, the minimum dimensions for dry, hard landing fields are defined by the FAR Landing
And Takeoff Field Lengths. These include considerations for safety margins during landing and takeoff.
Heavier aircraft require longer runways.

The longest public-use runway in the world is at Qamdo Bamda Airport in China. It has a length of 5,500 m
(18,045 ft). The world's widest paved runway is at Ulyanovsk Vostochny Airport in Russia and is 105 m (344
ft) wide.

As of 2009, the CIA stated that there were approximately 44,000 "... airports or airfields recognizable from
the air" around the world, including 15,095 in the US, the US having the most in the world.

</p><br></br>

<h3><FONT COLOR="Red">LIST OF AIRPORTS IN ANDHRA PRADESH</H3>

<p> <FONT COLOR="green"><ul>

<li><a href="vizag.html">Visakhapatnam</a></li>

<li><a href="vijaya.html">Vijayawada</a></li>

<li><a href="tirupathi.html">Tirupathi</a></li>
 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

<li><a href="rajahmundary.html">Rajahmundary</a></li>

<li><a href="kadapa.html">Kadapa</a></li>

</ul></p>

<body>

</HTML>
Airports In Andhra Pradesh
 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

<html>

<head>

<title>Visakhapatnam Airport</title>

<body><h1>Visakhapatnam international Airport</h1>

<image src="Visakhapatnam-Airport-.png"height="200"width="400">

<p>Visakhapatnam Airport (IATA: VTZ, ICAO: VOVZ) is a customs airport located in Visakhapatnam,
India. It is the largest and busiest airport in the state of Andhra Pradesh. It operates as a civil enclave on an
Indian Navy air base named INS Dega. It is located in between the city localities of NAD X Road and
Gajuwaka. The airport has experienced significant growth since the beginning of the 21st century, with the
construction of a new terminal and runway; and commencing of international flights to Dubai, Singapore,
Kuala Lumpur and Colombo. The airport covers an area of 350 acres. History In 1981, the airport
commenced civilian operations with one flight per day. The original runway was 6,000 ft (1,800 m) long and
a new 10,007 ft (3,050 m) long and 45 m (148 ft) wide runway was inaugurated on 15 June 2007 to
accommodate medium-sized and wide body aircraft, with the installation and calibration of an instrument
landing system (ILS) on Runway 28 as well. Used initially only for military operations, the ILS became
operational for commercial aircraft from 30 March 2008. A new terminal building was inaugurated on 20
February 2009 and became operational on 27 March that year. Runways The airport has two runways: 10/28
(East - West orientation) 3,050 m (10,010 ft) in length; and 05/23 (Northeast - Southwest orientation) with a
length of 1,829 m (6,001 ft). Runway 10/28 is used as the primary runway for both civil and military
operations, although civilian operations from Runway 10 are restricted to inbound operations. Runway 05/23
is exclusively for military operations. The airport operates on a 24-hours basis.

On 28 August 1980, Vickers Viscount VT-DJC of Huns Air was damaged beyond economic repair when the
nosewheel collapsed after the aircraft bounced three times on landing.

</p>

</body>

</head>

</html>
Airports In Andhra Pradesh
 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

<html>

<head>

<title>Vijayawada Airport</title>

<body><h1>Vijayawada Airport</h1>

<imagesrc="Vijayawada_Airport_new_Terminal.jpg"height="200" width="400">

<p>Vijayawada Airport (IATA: VGA, ICAO: VOBZ) is a public international airport serving Andhra
Pradesh Capital Region.The airport is located at Gannavaram in Vijayawada, where National Highway 16
connecting Chennai to Kolkata passes through.

History:- The airfield located at Gannavaram served as an army base during the World War II, after which it
was converted into a civilian airport. Air Deccan introduced a daily service between Hyderabad and
Vijayawada in September 2003. Until 2011, the airport had only four flights a day operated by Kingfisher
Airlines. In 2011, flag carrier Air India and private airlines Spicejet and Jet Airways introduced direct flights
to the airport. Air Costa, a regional airline started operations in October 2013, with Vijayawada as its
operational hub, which later suspended its operations in February 2017. Vijayawada Airport was declared as
an international airport by Govt.of India on 5 May 2017. President signed officially effecting international
status from 1 August 2017.

Structure and amenities:- A Panorama of New Terminal:-The airport covers an area of 537 acres (217 ha) and
the runway is 2,286 metres (7,500 ft) long. The airport has parking bays for four ATR 72/Bombardier Q400,
and two for Boeing 737/Airbus A320.

To cater to the increasing passenger traffic, the foundation stone for a new terminal building was laid in
October 2015. The terminal was completed in 14 months and inaugurated on 12 January 2017. The structure,
built at a cost of rupees 135 Crores, will act as an interim terminal before the International terminal is
built.The interim terminal and the ceremonial lounge spread over 12, 999 square metres includes check-in
area, arrival hall, meet and greet service staircase, aviation lounge, and baggage make up area. The lounge is
spread over 3,613 square metres. The terminal can handle up to 500 passengers at any point of time and has
18 check-in counters. Recently 3 Kiosk Self check-in Machines are placed in Airport Under Spicejet Airline
Company for Passengers.On 28 August 1980, Vickers Viscount VT-DJC of Huns Air was damaged beyond
economic repair when the nosewheel collapsed after the aircraft bounced three times on landing.
 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

</p>

</body>

</head>

</html>
Airports In Andhra Pradesh
 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

<html>

<head>

<title>Tirupathi International Airport</title>

<body><h1>Tirupathi International Airport</h1>

<image src="TIRUPATI_AIRPORT_2866735f.jpg"height="200"width="400">

<p>Tirupati International Airport, (IATA: TIR, ICAO: VOTP) is a public International airport located at
Renigunta, a suburb of Tirupati in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. The airport is located 14 km (8.7 mi)
away from Tirupati and 39 km (24 mi) from Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala.

Tirupati airport was established in the year 1976. Then Prime Minister of India, P. V. Narasimha Rao laid the
foundation stone for a new terminal building, runway expansion and a radio tower in 1993 at a cost of ₹11
crore (US$1.7 million). The upgraded airport was opened for passenger traffic in 1999 by then Prime
Minister of India Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

A new integrated terminal referred to as Garuda Terminal was constructed adjacent to the existing domestic
terminal in an area of 16,500 square metres (178,000 sq ft) at a cost of ₹175 crore (US$27 million). The
terminal can handle 500 domestic and 200 International Passengers at a time. The foundation stone for the
Terminal was laid in October 2010 by Manmohan Singh, the then Prime Minister of India. Construction
began in 2012, and the terminal was inaugurated on 22 October 2015 by present Prime Minister of India,
Narendra

Modi.Tirupati Airport is declared as an international airport by Government of India in June 2017.

</p>

</body>

</head>

</html>
Airports In Andhra Pradesh
 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

<html>

<head>

<title>Rajahmundry Airport</title>

<body><h1>Rajahmundry Airport</h1>

<image src="RajahmundryAirport.png"height="200"width="400">

<p>

Rajahmundry Airport (IATA: RJA, ICAO: VORY) is located at Madhurapudi, 18 kilometres (11 mi) north of
Rajahmundry in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. During 1985–1994, it was used by Vayudoot. The
Helicopters of ONGC was also used for offshore oil exploration operations and other government agencies.

The airport was constructed during the British era and is spread over an area of 366 acres (148 ha). It was
served by Vayudoot between 1985 and 1994 and by VIF Airways in 1995.The Andhra Pradesh government
signed an MoU worth ₹23 crore (US$3.6 million) with the Airports Authority of India (AAI) in February
2007 for modernising the airport. Works on the new terminal building to accommodate 150 passengers and a
control tower were completed in 2011 at a cost of ₹38 crore (US$5.9 million). The terminal was inaugurated
on 16 May 2012.The AAI is extending the existing runway from 1,749 metres (5,738 ft) to 3,125 metres
(10,253 ft) to enable landing of aircraft like the Airbus A320 , Airbus A321 . Approximately, 800 acres have
been acquired for this expansion. Limited by runway length, airlines operate smaller 70 seat turbo-prop
aircraft like the ATR-72 and the Q-400.

</p>

</body>

</head>

</html>
Airports In Andhra Pradesh
 Airports In Andhra Pradesh

<html>

<head>

<title>Kadapa Domestic Airport</title>

<body><h1>Kadapa Airport</h1>

<image src="Kadapa_Airport_terminal.jpeg"height="200"width="400">

<p>Kadapa Airport (IATA: CDP, ICAO: VOCP) is located 12 km north west of Kadapa (formerly
Cuddapah) in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is spread over 669.5 acres (270.9 ha) of land and has been upgraded
at a cost of Rs. 42 Crore. The upgraded airport was inaugurated on 7 June 2015 by Indian Civil Aviation
Minister, Ashok Gajapathi Raju. The Airport terminal building has a capacity to handle 100 peak hour
passengers at a time and the apron can accommodate 3 ATR-72 type of aircraft.The Airport was constructed
in 1953, and initially had a 3,500 ft (1,067 m) runway. In the 1980s, Vayudoot operated services to Kadapa
from Hyderabad. The State Government and the Airports Authority of India (AAI) entered into a
memorandum of understanding (MOU) in March 2007 for developing the existing airports at Kadapa and
Warangal to handle ATR-42 and ATR-72 type of aircraft.In 2009, a new 6,562 ft × 150 ft (2,000 m × 46 m)
runway was completed under the Build, Operate and Transfer (BOT) basis at a cost of Rs. 21 crore. In
addition, an 11-km long compound wall was constructed with an outlay of Rs. 24 crore. In the second phase,
an Air Traffic Control (ATC) building, passenger terminal, parking bays and internal roads were built at a
cost of Rs. 13 crore. Other facilities were developed at an estimated cost of Rs 8 crore.Scheduled commercial
flights to the airport resumed on 7 June 2015 when Air Pegasus launched thrice weekly ATR 72 service to
Bangalore. However, flights were soon cancelled due to poor passenger loads. In April 2016, TruJet
introduced flights to Hyderabad.Kadapa Airport was one of the 70 airports selected under UDAN (Ude Desh
ka Aam Naagrik) to increase the regional air connectivity. In March 2017, trujet introduced daily flights to
Hyderabad. Trujet will be flying in routes to Chennai, Benguluru and Vijayawada starting from June or
September, 2017. Air Odisha will fly on routes Benguluru and Chennai starting from September, 2017.

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6.TESTING

Let’s have first web testing checklist.

1) Functionality testing
2) Usability testing
3) Interface testing
4) Compatibility testing
5) Performance testing
6) Security testing

1.Functionality testing:

Test for-all the links in web pages, database connection, forms used in the web pages for submitting or
getting information from user, cookie testing.

Check all the links:

Test the outgoing links from all the pages from specific domain under test.

Test all internal links.

Test links jumping on the same pages.

Test link used to send the email to admin or other users from web pages.

Test to check if there are any orphan pages.

Lastly in link checking, check for broken links in all above-mentioned links.

Test forms in all pages:

Forms all the integral part of any web site. Forms are used to get information from users and to keep
interaction with them. So what should be checked on these forms?

 First check all the validations on each field.

 Check for the default values of fields.
 Wrong inputs to the fields in the forms.
 Options to create forms if any, form delete, view or modify the forms.
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Let’s take example of the search engine project currently I am working on, In this project we have advertiser
and affiliate signup steps. Each sign up set is different but dependent on other steps. So sign up flow should
be executed correctly. There are different field validations like email Ids, User financial info validations. All
these validations should get checked in manual or automated web testing.

Cookies testing:

Cookies are small fields stored on user machine. These are basically used to maintain the session mainly
login sessions. Test the application by enabling or disabling the cookies in your browser options. Test if the
cookies are encrypted before writing to user machine. If you are testing the session cookies (i.e. cookies
expire after the sessions ends) check for login sessions and users stats after session end. Check effect an
application security by deleting the cookies. (I will soon write separate articles on cookie testing).

Validate your HTML/CSS:

If you are optimizing your site for search engines then HTML/CSS validations is very important. Mainly
validate the site for HTML syntax errors. Check if site is crawl able to different search engines.

Database testing:

Data consistency is very important in web application. Check for data integrity and errors while you edit,
delete, modify the forms or do any DB related functionality.

Check of all the database queries are executing correctly, data is retrieved correctly and also updated
correctly. More on database testing could be load on DB, we will address this in web load or performance
testing below.

2.Usability testing:

Test for navigation:

Navigation means how the user surfs the web pages, different controls like buttons, boxes or how user using
the links on the pages to surf different pages.
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Usability testing includes:

Web site should be easy to use. Instructions should be clearly. Check if the provided instructions are correct
means whether they satisfy purpose.

Main menu should be provided on easy page. It should be consistent.

Content checking:

Content should be logical and easy to understand. Check for spellings errors. Use of dark colors annoys users
and should be used in site theme. You can follow some standards that are used for web page and content
building. These are common accepted standards like as I mentioned above about annoying colors, fonts,
frames etc.

Content should be meaningful. All the anchor text links should be working properly. Images should be
placed properly with proper sizes.

These are some basic standards that should be followed in web development. Your task is to validate all for
UI testing.

Other user information for user help:

Like search option, sitemap, help files etc. Sitemap should be present with all the links in web sites with
proper tree view of navigation. Check for all links on the sitemap.

“search in the site” option will help users to find content pages they are looking for easily and quickly. These
are all optional items and if present should be validated.

3.Interface testing:

The main interfaces are:

Web server and application sever interface

Application server and Database server interface.

Check if all the interactions between these servers are executed properly. Errors are handled properly. If
database or web server returns any errors message for any query by application server then application server
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should catch and display these error message appropriately to users. Check what happens if user interrupts
any transaction in-between? Check what happens if connections to web server is reset in between?

4.Compatibility testing:

Compatibility of you web site is very important testing aspect. See which compatibility test to be executed:

The Software Testing Hierarchy

As with almost any technical process, software testing has a prescribed order in which things should be done.
The following is a list of software testing categories arranged in chronological order. These are the steps
taken to fully test new software in preparation for marketing it:

UNIT TESTING

 Testing performed on each module or block of code during development. Unit testing is normally
done by the programmer who writes the code.
Integration testing
Testing done before, during and after integration of a new module into the main software package.
This involves testing of each module. One piece of software can contain several modules which are
often created by several different programmers. It is crucial to test each module’s effect on the entire
program model.

SYSTEM TESTING-

Testing done by a professional testing agent on the complete software product before it is introduced
to the market.
Acceptance testing_
Beta testing of the product done by the actual end users.
Types of system testing
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There are more 50 types of system testing. For an exhaustive list of software testing types click here.
Below we have listed types of system testinga large software development company would typically
use
Usability testing_
Usability testing mainly focuses on the user’s ease to use the application, flexibility in handling
controls and ability of the system to meet its objective
Load testing_
Load testing is necessary to know that a software solution will perform under real life loads.
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REFERENCE

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airport