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    API582 standard

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    API582 standard

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    723 просмотров23 страницы

    API582

    Загружено:

    Vikk Suriya
    API582 standard

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    PI RP Ser Welding Guidelines for the Chemical, Oil, and Gas Industries Downstream Segment API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 582 FIRST EDITION, MARCH 2001 American Petroleam Institute Helping You Get The Job Done Right: SPECIAL NOTES API publications necessarily address problems ofa general nature, With respect to partic ular circumstances local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed. ‘API is not underaking to meot the duties of emplayers, manufacrers, or supplies to war and propedy trnn and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health nd safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under focal, tat, or fed- cera Las. Information concerning sfety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to par- ticular materials and conditions should be obtained fom the employer, the manufactorer or supplier ofthat material or the material safety dtashec. [Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufactur, sale, oF use of any method, appara, oF prod- uct covered by lees patent. Nether should anything contained in the publication be con- strved as insuring anyone agains liability for infringement of eters patent. ‘Generally, API standards ate reviewed and revised, raffimed, oF withdrawn at last every five years. Sometimes a one-time extension of up to wo years willbe added to this review ‘cycle. This publication will no longer be in effet five years after its publication date as an ‘operative API standard or, where an extension has been granted, upon republication, Status ‘of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standardization Manager {telephone (202) 682-8000}. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008. "This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropri ‘ate nofication and participation inthe developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or com- rents and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developed shouldbe directed in writing tothe Standardization Manager, American Petroleum lnsitut, 1220 L. Steet, N.W,, Washington, DLC. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or ‘translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed wo the gen ‘eral manager. API standards are published to facilitate the broad 2ailability of proven, sound engines: ing and operating practices. These standards ae not intended 1 obviate the need for apply- ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should be uclized The formulation and publication of API standards isnot intended in any way to inkibit anyone from using any cer practices. Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requiements of an API standards solely sponsible for complying with all the applicable requirments ofthat standard. API doesnot represent, warrant, oF guarantee that sch pr ‘ets doin fot conform othe applicable API standard Allright reserved. No partof this work may be reproduced, stored na retrieval stem, or transmited by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, ‘without prior written permission from the publisher Contact the Publisher ‘API Publishing Services, 1220 L Sree, NW, Washington, D.C. 20008 Cop ©2001 Ares Parca ce FOREWORD API publications may’be used by anyone desiring todo so, Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy ad reliability ofthe data contained in then; however, the Insitute makes no representation, waranty, or uarante in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any ibility oF responsibility’ fr loss or damage resulting from its use oF for he violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this putlication may conflict Suggested revisions are imited and should be submited to te Standardization Manage, ‘American Petroleum Institue, 1220 L Steet, N:W,, Washington, D.C. 20005, ‘This document was initsted and developed through the joint efforts of API and Process Industry Practices (PI). CONTENTS: SCOPE. REFERENCES DEFINITIONS, GENERAL WELDING REQUIREMENTS WELDING PROCESSES. 5.1 Acceplable Welding Processes 5.2. Limitations of Fusion Welding Processes 53° Single-Sided Welded Joins. 54 Combining Welding Proceses 1... 55. Mechanized and Automated Welding Processes WELDING CONSUMABLES (FILLER METAL AND FLUX). 61 Gener. 62 Dissimilar Welding 63° Aasteniie Stainless Stee! Welding | 64 Duplex Stainless Stee! Welding 65 Submerged Are Welding . 6 Consumable Storage and Handling. SHIELDING AND PURGING GASES PREHEATING AND INTERPASS TEMPERATURE. POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT (PWHT). (CLEANING AND SURFACE PREPARATION TL General 112 TubeTocTubesheet Welding SPECIAL PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTSITESTING (OTHER ITEMS. IZ Backing Materials 122 Peening 123 Weld Overay and Chad Restoration (Back Ching). 124 Temporary Atachments 125 Stud Welding. 126 Hardness Testing. Weld Procedure Qualifcaion and Production Testing APPENDIX A— WELDING CONSUMABLES FOR SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING APPENDIX B— 9 LDOVERLAY AND CLAD RESTORATION (BACK CLADDING) 13 ee Figures 12-1 Location of Vickers Hardness Indentatons . 8 Tables ‘$-1—Diffusble Hydrogen Limit for FCAW Eletrodes 3 {6-1~Application of Nickel-Based Flectrodes in Suifur and Non Sulfur Environments 4 81 —Recommended Maximum Interpass Temperatures... +++ 5 ‘A-1—Carbon and Low Alloy Stet 9 A2—Sisiless Ste! Alloys : : 10 ‘A-3—Copper-Nickel and Nickel-Based Alloys u [2-1 —Fille Material Selection for Overlay’ of Carboa and Low Alloy Stcls B B-2—Typical Chemical Composition Requirement for Austenitic Stainless Steet Overlay 4 Welding Guidelines for the Chemical, Oil, and Gas Industries 1 Scope 441 This recommended practic, initiated and developed through the joint efforts of API and Process Industry Practices (PIP), provides supplementary guidelines and practices for welding and weldng-rlate topics for shop and field fabriea- tion, repair and modification of ', Pressure-contaning equipment (such a8 pressure vessels, heat exchangers, tankage, piping, heater tubes, pressure boundaries of rotating equipment, and atachments welded thereto). bb. Nontemovable internals for pressure vessels , Structural items atlched and related 1 process ‘equipment. 4. Any other equipment or component item when referenced by an applicable purchase document 4.2. This document is general in nature and is intended to augment the welding requirements of ASME Section IX and simile codes, standards and practices such a8 those listed in Section 2. The intent of tis document isto be inclusive of ‘chemical, oil and gas industry standards, although there are many areas not covered, eg. pipeline welding and offshore structural welding 4.3 This document is based on industry experience and any restrictions or limitations may be waived or augmented by the urease, 2 References Unless sated otherwise, applicable requirements in the latest issue of the following industry codes, standards and practices shall be considered an integral part of this recom ‘mended practice. Other codes and standards are specified by ‘the purchaser APL APISIO Pressure and Vessel Inspection Cade—Main- tenance Inspection, Rating. Repair, and Alteration Su, 650 Welded Steel Tans for Oil Storage ASME! Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code ‘Section I, "Materials Part C—Specificn ions for Welding Rods, Eletrodes and Filler Metals” Section Vill, Rules for Construction of “Pressure Vessel", Division I, and Divi- sion Il— Alternative Rules” "ameccan Society of Mechanical Engincers, 345 East 7h Sree, ‘New York, New York 1017, waste ore Section IX, “Welding and Brazing ‘Qualieaions Process Piping B13, stu? ASTMA 833. Standard Practice for indentation Hard hess of Metalic Materials by Comparison Heardhess Testers ASTME92 Standard Test Method for Vickers Hardness ‘of Metal Materials aws? AWSAG2 Standard Procedures for Caliraing Mag- netic Instruments to Measure the. Delta Ferrite Content of austenitic and Duplex Ferrie Austeitie Staines Stel Weld Metal AWSAS32__ Spectcations fr Bldg Sheng Gases AWSASXX Series of Filler Metal Specifications AWSDIl Sacto Welding Code—Stee! AWSDL6 Structural Welding Code—Stainless Steet Nacet RIO472 Standard Recommended Practice: Meth ‘ads and Commols to Prevent In-Service Emironmentel Cracking of Carbon Stel Weldments in Corrosive Petroleum Refin- ing Emvironmens National Board® NB23 National Board Inspection Code 3. Definitions 3.1 applicable code: The code or standard specified by the purchaser to which the equipment shall conform, 38.2 Inspector: Purchaser's representative 3.3. procedure qualification record (POR): A record ‘of welding variables used to produce an acepuabl es wel ment and the results of tests conducted on the weldment to uslify welding procedure speifcation 3.4 purchaser: The pany tht issues the purchase order This may be the user or owner ofthe equipment or compo- rent, or the purchaser’ designated agent (.., enginccring contacto. Tarmecan Society of Texting and Materia, 100 Bart Hator West, CConthoocken, Perrsylveia 19028-2959, wwe asim on “SAmerian Welding Soe, $50 NW Leleune Road, Mian 33126 ‘National Asocation of Consion Enginer-lateatonl, PO. on 218340, Houston, Teas 77218, ws. aceon National Boant of Baler and Pressure Vessel Taspcors, 1055 Cpe Avene, Columbus, Ohio 43229, ww aonb com, 2 API Reconencen Pracice Se 4 General Welding Requirements 4A Structural (non pressure boundary) welding require- ‘ments shall comply with either AWS DI.1 or AWS DLS, ‘When approved by the purchaser (engineet) welding proce dures may be qualified per ASME Section IX. 42 Prequalified welding procedures per AWS PILI and ‘DL are acepable for structural welding, 43 All welding procedure specifications (WPS's) and pro- cedure qualification records (PQR’s) shall be submited tothe purchaser for review and approval prior to the star of fabrca tion or constriction unless submital i waived by the pur chaser, Weld maps, similar guides or fabrication drawings hich clearly identity the application of each WPS, indicat ing where and how these WPS's will be usod, shall be Included in the submit 5 Welding Processes 5A ACCEPTABLE WELDING PROCESSES. Acceptable wing processes are: . Shielded Metal Are Welding (SMAW). ‘Gas Tungsten Are Welding (GTAW) and Pulsed GTAW (GTAWP, Gas Metal Are Welding (GMAW) forthe following transfer modes: i. Spray (GMAW-Sp) ii. Shor Crcuting (GMAW'S). ii, Pulsed (GMAW-P). iv. Globular (GMAW-G). 4. Submerged Are Welding (SAW), €. Blectrogas Welding (EGW). {Flux Cored Are Welding (FAW). : Plasma Are Welding (PAW). 1, Other welding processes approved by the purchaser. 5.2. LIMITATIONS OF FUSION WELDING PROCESSES ‘The fusion welding processes listed in 5.1 are accepable with restrictions and comments contained in 3.2. 5.21 Automatic Pulsod Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTaW-P) ‘When used for root pass welding of single-sided joins, ‘welding shall be performed with the same make and model of| welding system using the same equipment andor program Settings as those used inthe procedure qualifications. Commentary: The need to specify the make and model, program, equipment setings and pulse waveform is hased ‘pon the effects these variables have on welding ar perfor mance, especially sidewall fusion and out-f-position weld- ing. Studies have shown considerable variation in are ‘characteristics when one make of model of welding system is ‘compared 19 another. This varition ean lead to welding defects, some of which may be very dificult detect by radiography. 522 Short Circuiting Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) “The use of GMAW-S shall he limited to the following conditions a. The process shall not be used for branch connections oF socket weld 1 For vertical welding, the root pass and second pass pro- _resson fora materia of any thickness may be either uphill cr downhill «. The ill and cap pas for but or fillet welds may be welded ‘with this process provided the thickness of any member does ot exceed Hein, (9.5 myn) and vertical welding is performed. ‘with upill progression, 523 Pulsed Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW-P) GMAW-P may be used for any material thickness in any position, ‘Commentary: Whenever the welding system is changed or the setings on existing equipment sigifcanly altered, the fabricator should verify weld properties. The extent of veri cation or testing should be as agreed between the purchaser and fabricator. 5.24 Flux Cored Arc Welding (FAW) 5.244 _Self-shielding FCAW (FCAW:S) may be used only for welding carbon steel structural items. The following _idelines and restrictions apply: 8, Electrode types identified by the consumable manufac: turer for multipass application should be used, ‘b Only electrode classifications which have specified mi ‘mum impact test requirements should be used «. PCAW-S shall not be used with other welding processes ‘without qualifying the specific combination, 5.242 FCAW with external gas shielding (FCAW-G) may be ued fr ether groove or filet welds fr pressure boundary orstructural welding $24.3. For procedures requiting ether impact or hardness testing, weld metal properies should be reviewed with the conaumable manufacturer to ensure the orginal qualified properties continue to be met Wee Guineas Fon Te CoM, Ono Gas MOUETTES a ‘Table 5-1—Difusiole Hydrogen Limit for FCAW Electrodes ‘Maximim Dif Hydrogen Designation (Per AWS AS20 Spesied Minimum Tenale Steagh forthe Elesuode (PerAWS AS20.0r A529) (rA529) = 70s CRE Pap 1 > 70 si (ARS MP) Hs Nove: When welding with 70 ks (483 MPs) electrodes on sts hv ing a esl sength of 80 ki (552 MPa) or greater, M4 designated less sal bese Commentary: Welding consumables, including those for FRCAW, are routinely usd in situations not addressed by the testing requirements in AWS/ASME welding specifications A periodic review with the manufacturer is good practice to assure minor variations tat occur oer time with FCAW con- sumable formulations (eg, raw material and microalloying changes) do not adversely affect the ability of these products to perform as intended. Small changes in micrealloying addi- ‘ons can have significant effec on proper. 5.2.44 Welding consumables shall be limited tthe AWS AWSAssctaneton ES 2 The tga eto mien hee somal pr EAVSAS4 Chen Dat tol Re vats Comacalen sie 3 See 6:3 ofthis document for weld metal delta ferite require © -AVSASS Chutes E163 2 Se 63 he aces fer weld mat tft WAS AS 4 Canlaon NOL 1 ANSASSClamiene ESTILO 4 ter 6.22 fo te wpe ito fo wich sed } NS A84Cunfentan 8H Siler meat Ke _AMSAS4Camfsion DA ene GuDGLnKs FoR TH CHANEL, Oi, Ano Gas NOUSTRES " Table A-3—Copper-Nickol and Nickel Based Alloys BEB @ fb B g ig PREIR ERE ERG le & ff B iS iS Base Malesia ig ig B lz 2 2 Noe 2 ie ER BE ie fora Toy Seat c Sere Saas tel be fic oD Sets Sane Si b fer SOE CHG im Ty NO a F Gee 20 (E207 co EE pF pop Fy ooo, a sO Soa ORT fpr Alloy 600 (06600) Fr or Te 625 a a 825 (NOBEZS) BP pe ibrar nosy Fer aero ioe) Ere iby BNO, Fi fiero oes) a fibroma) iD Notes: A AWS5.11,Clasifintion ENIGFe 20-3 ‘AWSASI, Classieaon ENICUT ‘AWS ASI, Classieaion ENi-1 ‘AWS AS.II, Clastifeation ENiCEMo-10 [AWSAS IL, Clssienton ENiCMos AWS A5.11, Gasification ENIMO-7 [AWS A5.11,Casifeaton ENICrMo.9 ‘AWS AS.11,Casifeton ENICrMo-L1 AWS AS.I1 Casifeston ENICrMO-3 "AWS AS.11, Clsifeaon ENICiCaMo-1 ‘Anunlkely of unsltabie combination Consult the purchater his combations neded snezoumoos "Appendix A refers to coated eletodes. For hare wive weld ing (SAW. GMAW, GTAW, use equivalent electrode classi ‘ation (AWS AS.14), Refer othe ext for iformaton o other process Vong (2 S flunk . APPENDIX B—WELD OVERLAY AND CLAD RESTORATION (BACK CLADDING) Bl General B.1.4 Weld overlays shal be deposited witha minimum of ‘wo layers, Single-layer overlays shall require the approval of the purchase, B.1.2. Overlap of adjacent weld beads shall be considered fan essential variable and shall be the same in production as. ‘hat used t qualify the weld overlay procedure. B.4.3. The PQR chemical analysis shall report all elements for which specific values are given for the consumable in ‘ASME Section II Pare. B.1.4 Production weld overlay shall have the chemical composition checked using either a A physical sample (€.24 deilings, chips) removed for (quantitative analysis, 1A pomable spectrograph or portable X-ray furescence ‘machine approved by the purchase. BAS All clemens specified forthe production overlay chemical composition shall be analyzed and reported, except for carbon wien sing the X-ray orescence method. When carbon ix speifed,a physical sample i required for quanta. tive analysis. Alternatively an optical emision spectrometer say be used to check all required elements, inclding carbon Specified elemenslaceepiance requirements for production cveray and back clang are foun for the pacar alloys) in Sections B3 through B 6 BAG By seyute specification, the purchaser shall exab- lish the method of measurement and requirements forthe ‘ext offerte and chemical eomposition checks o pod: tion welds. The frequeny of sampling fr production overlay shal be specified by the purchatr B.A.7 For the submerged are welding proces (SAW), alloy additions made from the lux sball require approval by the purchaser. B18 All overlays shall be 100% liguid penetantexam- ined. Ifthe item is postweld heat-treated (PWHT), ths exam- ination sall be performed after PWHT, B.1.9 Consumables for commonly used overlay systems ‘ae shown in Table B-1. The purchaser shall approve ether systems. B.1.10 When PWHT of the base metal is required, PWHT oes not have tobe performed for welding attachments tothe ‘overlayiclad when the minimum overlaycid thickness is/16 in, (S mm). When the overlayciad isles than 1 in. ren) thick, a specially qualified WPS shall be provided to verify that the attachment weld does nt affect the base material, [Note This vuiement sty ke waived for Pl matriale when PWHT isa reguement due to material ches and nt fo pro. B.2 Glad Restoration (Back Cladding) B21. The clad layer shall he sipped tack for a minimum

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