The Effectiveness of Speed Limit Sign and Marking as

the Speed Management Devices

Lovvina Arida Yusup
Politeknik Keselamatan Transportasi Jalan
Febrina Rachmatika Andini Naomi Srie Kusumastutie
Politeknik Keselamatan Transportasi JalanTegal, IndonesiaPoliteknik Keselamatan Transportasi Jalan
Tegal, Indonesia lovvinaay37@gmail.com Tegal, Indonesia
Febrinarachmatikandini218@gmail.com naomis@pktj.ac.id

Edi Purwanto Pipit Rusmandani

Politeknik Keselamatan Transportasi Jalan Politeknik Keselamatan Transportasi Jalan
Tegal, Indonesia Tegal, Indonesia
edip@pktj.ac.id pipit@pktj.ac.id

Abstract - Lemah
Abang-Bandungan Road
is an accident-prone area
with high speed
characteristics. In fact,
there is no speed
management devices
available. Therefore, it is
necessary to implement
speed management
devices with their
simulations to reduce the
vehicle speed. There were
2 types of devices
simulated, they were the
simulation of speed limit
signs (simulation 1) and
the simulation of speed
markings (simulation 2).
The effectiveness of speed
management devices is
based on the speed
reduction according to the
speed limit and the
comparison of means test
analysis.The results of the
analysis show that the
most effective speed
management device is the
speed limit sign from the
simulation 1 because it
could reduce the speed
about 4 km/h (7%).
Keywords - Speed,
Speed Management
Devices, Speed Limit
Signs, Speed Limit
Markings.
I. INTROD
UCTION
High speed
causes the driver to not
have enough space and
time to do evasive action.
It can increase the risk of
accidents and fatalities.
If an accident occurs at
the speed of 70 km/h the
probability to cause the
death toll is 83%, at the
speed of 50 km/h, the
probability of fatal injury
is 37%, while at the
speed of 30 km/h the
death toll decreases to
5% [1]. Speed
management consists of
series of actions to
balance safety and to
maximize compliance by
reducing the high speed.
Types of speed
management techniques
that are often applied
include road design, road
surfaces, traffic control
and law enforcement.
While speed
management related to
traffic control includes
speed signs and
markings, stop signs,
warning
signs, special traffic
control signs, school
zones, flashing signs, and
signal coordination [2] .
The
implementation of
various speed
management techniques
shows different results
such as installing speed
limit signs that can
reduce speed with
routine law enforcement.
The application of white
lane markings on both
intercity and arterial
roads can also reduce
85% fatality which is
resulted from the speed
reduction of 69-76 km/h
to 50 km/h [3]. Based on
Parham, the application
of speed limit marking is
not effective enough at
reducing speed although
it is visible to road users
[2]. In the other hand,
Charlton stated that it
will increase speed
equality and compliance
of the vehicles if the
application of speed
marking explains the
specific speed limits [4].
The Lemah
Abang-Bandungan Road
in Semarang Regency is
an accident-prone area
[5]. The highest cause of
accidents is the lack of
anticipation of the
drivers due to the
speeding. Also, Lemah
Abang-Bandungan Road
does not have any speed
limit signs which impact
on the lack of
information received by
the driver and lead to
driving mismatches.
Based on the existing
condition, the speed
management devices
need to be applied. The
speed management
devices that will be
implemented on Lemah
Abang-Bandungan Road
include the
implementation of speed
limit sign (simulation 1)
and the implementation
speed limit marking
(simulation 2). This
study aims to determine
the existing speed, the
setting of the appropriate
speed limit, and to find
out the effectiveness of
the speed management
devices in reducing the
speed on the Lemah
Abang-Bandungan Road.
II. RESEARCH
METHODO
LOGY
The research
location is Lemah Abang
– Bandungan Road
which has the function of
a primary 2/2 UD
collector road with a
road width of 6 meters
and a shoulder of 1
meter. This road section
has a flat alignment and
land use in the form of
settlements. The total
number of vehicle
samples calculated using
the Slovin formula is 560
vehicles out of 1679
passing vehicles that pass
in the direction of Lemah
Abang. Meanwhile, the
lane that has a higher
speed characteristic is the
Bandungan direction
lane so that the number
of samples that must be
taken during simulation 1
and simulation 2 is 532
vehicles out of the total
number of vehicles that
pass namely 1077
vehicles .
The speed survey
is carried out in the off
peak time at 07.00 AM
until 10:00 AM. This
study uses the descriptive
quantitative method. The
first stage of the study is
to conduct a preliminary
survey to identify
existing problems. The
next stage is to collect
the data. Then, the
simulations were
conducted by applying
speed limit sign
(simulation 1) and speed
limit marking
(simulation 2) for seven
days of each. The
procedure for setting the
speed limit based on
Regulation of Minister
of Transportation of
Republic of Indonesia
Number PM 111 of 2015
is 40 km/h [6].
The speed was
measured on three
different areas: before
the simulation area, at
the simulation area, and
after passing the
simulation area. Each of
area is 50 meters long.
For data analysis, this Abang. The existing P- shoulder. So the speed
study used the Percentil- 85 speed of all vehicles
Simulation of Speed Limit Sign and Speed
reduction is needed as
85 (P-85) technique and LimitinMarkings
Bandungan direction the safety improvement.
the comparison of means is 61 km/h and the P-85
In simulation 1,
test analysis. Meanwhile, speed of all existing
the installation of the
the effectiveness of vehicles in Lemah Abang
speed limit sign is based
speed limit signs and direction is 60 km/h. In
Simulation 1 on the Regulation of the
markings is determined detail, the Simulation
vehicle's 2
the Regulation of
by the results of the existing speed is shown
Minister of
speed reduction. Figure 1 in figure 2 below.
VehicleFig.
Speed Transportation of
shows the research flow 2. After
The Existing P-85
Simulation (After) Republic of Indonesia
chart. Speed of Lemah
Number PM 13 of 2014
Abang –
on Traffic Sign: it must
Bandungan
be installed on the
Data AnalysisRoad
1. Analysis of The Existing P-85 Speed (before) shoulder of the road with
2. Analysis of The Simulation P-85 Speed a distance of 0.6 meters
(after) B. The Location and from the roadway facing
Design of The
3. Comparison of Means Test the arrival of the traffic
Speed Management direction and it must be
Device Installation placed at the beginning
Conclusions The of the prohibition [7].
location of the
speed
management
device
Finish
installation is
determined
based on the
Fig. 1. characteristics
Research Flow of the higher
Chart speed, the
requirements of
speed
Start management
III. RESULTS AND device and the potential
The height is 2.5 meters
risk for each lane. Based
PreliminaryDISCUSSION and the leaf sign is 60 cm
on the preliminary
Survey
A. Vehicle Existing x 60 cm. It is designed
survey, the lane in
Speed for the designed speed of
Bandungan direction is
up to 60 km/h.
Problem Based on the determined as the
results of the existing
Identification location of simulation
speed survey, the speed because it has higher
of Objective
Research vehicles passing in the speed. Furthermore,
direction of Bandungan there is an elementary
is higher than the school (SD N Bergas Lor
Data vehicles
Collectionpassing in the 2) where many students
direction of Lemah tend to use the road

Primary Data Secondary Data

1. Traffic Volume Map of Semarang Regency
2. Vehicle Speed (before) Road Network Data
3. Road Inventory Design Speed
Fig. 3. Visualization of length of 4.3 meters and Light Vehicle (LV) km/h while the speed of
Simulation 1: a width of 1.5 meters decreased from 63 km /h Heavy Vehicles (HV)
Speed Limit where the extended
Signs letters have a size of 1.6
meters [9].
In simulation 2,
the installation of the
speed limit marking is Fig. 4. Visualization of

to 58 km/h while Heavy didn’t show any

Vehicles increased from difference (still 52
52 km h to 54 km/h. The km/h). The speed of all
existing P-85 speed of all vehicles decreased from
vehicles decreased from 61 km/h to 58 km/h.
61 km/h to 57 km/h. Fig. 6. P-85 Speed
Fig. 5. The Comparison Comparison of
based on the Regulation Simulation 2:
of P-85 Speed Existing Speed
of Minister of Speed Limit
Before and and After
Transportation of Markings
After Simulation 2
Republic of Indonesia
Number PM 67 of 2018 Simulation 1
on Road Markings [8].
The speed limit marking C. Vehicles Speed
can be placed during the
individually or with Simulations
certain traffic signs. In Based on Figure

Based on Figure
6, it can be seen that the A. The Comparison of
installation of simulation the Speed in both
2 causes the P-85 speed Simulation 1 and
that fluctuated every day. Simulation 2
On the 7th day, it
showed the
simulation 2, the speed 5, it can be seen that the speed reduction
limit marking is in the installation of simulation of motor cycle
middle of the traffic lane 1 causes the P-85 speed (MC) from 60
in the direction of that fluctuated every day. km/h to 59
Bandungan. The size of On the 7th day, it showed km/h. Light
the extended speed limit the speed reduction of Vehicle (LV)
marking for the designed motor cycle (MC) from decreased from
speed ≤ 65 km/h has a 60 km/h to 57 km/h, 63 km/h to 57
 Based on the the Comparison Means from one sample will be (simulation 2) is new to
results above, both Test because the less than or greater than a Indonesian people
simulation 1 and normality and randomly selected value because it does not yet
simulation 2 experienced homogeneity from a second sample. exist in Indonesia. The
the speed reduction. requirements are not This test can be used to information conveyed by
Figure 7 shows most fulfilled. The result of investigate whether the speed limit marking
vehicles reduced their Kruskal Wallis test two independent samples do not reach the road
were selected from users even though its
Mann-Whitney Mean populations having the aspect of conspicuity and
No Asymp. Sig
Test Rank same distribution. clearance have been
1 Existing 575,12 0,000 Table 2. Mann Whitney fulfilled. This is
No Vehice N Mean Asym Criteria supported by the FHWA
Simulation 1 489,88 p Sig. Test on All Vehicle
Type Report: Traffic Calming
Speed
2 Exsisting 546,92 Value 0,126 on Main Roads Through
Reject In the Mann
1 MC
Simulation 2 265 47
518,08 0,000 Rural Communities
H0 Whitney test, the first
Reject
shows that the
2 LV 238 47 0,000 thing to consider in installation of oblique
H0
finding the group that markers combined with
Accept
3 HV 29 43 0,465 have significant speed limit markings that
H0
differences is the mean are installed for 12
All Reject rank. The difference of
4 532 47 0,000 months is not effective in
Vehicles H0
the values can be reducing speed because it
speed but it had not shows the speed considered significant if only reduces the speed of
reached the target yet of differences, i.e. the Asymp Sig. < 0,05. 1 km/h to 4 km/h [11].
40 km/h. Simulation 1 reduction, of MC, LV, Table 2 shows the speed The most
could reduce the P-85 and all vehicles before of simulation 1 has the effective speed
speed by 7% or 4 and after simulations lowest rating, i.e. 0,000 management device to
km/hour. While (Asymp Sig. <0.05. ). Asymp. Sig. So it can be reduce the speed of all
simulation 2 only However, there is no concluded that the vehicles on Lemah
reduced the P-85 speed difference of the HV simulation 1 can reduce Abang - Bandungan
of all vehicles by 5% or speed during the the speed significantly. Road is the speed limit
3 km/hour. simulations 1 and 2 sign. This device can
Fig. 7. Comparison of P- because the significance decrease the speed even
85 Speed in value (Asymp Sig.) > IV. DISCUSSION though it has not
Simulation 1 and 0.05. approached the speed
Simulation 2 The limit yet. The speed
implementation of the reduction is proven most
Table 1. Comparison significantly by the
Figure 8 shows a speed limit signs
Means Test before and
comparison of the P-85 (simulation 1) can reduce Mann-Whitney test.
after Simulation 1 and Based on the
speed of each simulation the speed but it will
Simulation 2
area. All vehicles tends increase again when the description above, even
to reduce their speed The next step is to sign is absent or lacking though the speed limit
only when they passed do the post hoc test repetition [10]. It is has been set and the sign
the simulation area. which uses the Mann evident that speed limit and marking devices
Their speed tends to Whitney U Test. This test sign can reduce the speed have been installed, the
increase after passing it. is done since the of all vehicles by 7% or speed reduction is still
Fig. 7. P-85 Speed of All Kruskal-Wallis test 4 km/h . It is more temporary and it has not
Vehicles in the Study cannot explain which effective to reduce the reached the speed limit
Area simulation that is able to speed of the all vehicles yet. Thus the challenge
reduce the speed than the use of speed faced is the speed
significantly. The Mann limit marking which is management must be
B. Comparison of able to improve the road
Whitney U test is only 5% or 3 km/h
Means Test users’ understanding
a nonparametric test of (simulation 2).
The study uses the null hypothesis that it The about the speed limit and
Kruskal Wallis Test for is equally likely that a implementation of the safety awerness.
randomly selected value speed limit marking Therefore, the
socialization of speed simulation 1 and continuous cue for speed
choice,” Accid. Anal. Prev.,
limit sign and marking is simulation 2. It can vol. 117, no. April, p. 288–
needed to follow up the be determined from 297, 2018.
installation of speed the value of ymp.sig
management devices. <0.05. The Mann [6] Regulation of Minister of
Transportation of Republic
Whitney U test shows of Indonesia Number PM
that the simulation 111 of 2015 on Procedures
1 reduces most speed for Setting Speed Limits.
V. CONCLUSION
significantly since it [7] Regulation of Minister of
has the lowest mean Transportation of Republic
P-85 speed of
rank and Asymp.Sig of Indonesia Number PM
Bandungan for MC is 13 of 2014 on Traffic Sign.
value <0.05.
60 km/h, LV 63
km/h, HV 54 km/h, ACKNOWLEDGEMEN [8] Regulation of Minister of
Transportation of Republic
and the speed of the T of Indonesia Number PM
whole vehicles is 61 67 of 2018 on Road
The writers would
km/h. P-85 speed of Markings.
like to thank Allah SWT
Lemah Abang is 62
for providing [9] The Department for
km/h by MC, LV 58 Transport, “Traffic signs
convenience in the
km/h, HC 42 km/h, manual - chapter 5 - road
preparation of this markings.” The
and the speed of all
study. The writers also Department for Transport,
vehicles is 60 km/h.
thank the Lecturers who London, 2019.
The suitable speed
have guided. For the
limit for Lemah [10] E. M. M. Jongen, K. Brijs,
last, the writers thank K. Mollu, T. Brijs, dan G.
Abang - Bandungan
the Transportation Wets, “70 km/h speed
Road is 40 km/h limits on former 90 km/h
Agency of Semarang
because it is a roads: Effects of sign
that helps the research
primary collector repetition and distraction
process. on speed,” Hum. Factors,
road. It does not have
vol. 53, no. 6, hal. 771–
a fast lane and slow 785, 2011.
lane. The land use of
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