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BNL 20103 – FUNDAMENTALS TO PLANT TECHNOLOGY

SEMESTER 2 SESI 2018/2019

FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN

NAMA PENSYARAH :
RAZLIN BINTI ABD RASHID

SECTION 1
FOC (Numerical on Combustion of Fuel)

NAMA : AHMAD HAFIZ ASYRAF BIN ROSLI

NO. MATRIK : CN170110
Numerical on combustion of fuel
1. Every fuel comprises of their components.
2. Write ignition responses for the components present in fuel.
3. Calculate load of oxygen required for the combust of a similar component.
4. Subtract oxygen officially present in fuel
5. Carbon, Hydrogen, Sulfur and Hydrocarbons are the flammable substances
present in fuel
6. Nitrogen, Ash, Carbon Dioxide and water vapor are incombustible
substances present in fuel, so don't have to compose the flammable
responses for this issues
7. We need to compose flammable responses for Carbon, Hydrogen, sulfur and
different Hydrocarbons
8. Calculate the weight and volume of air
9. While figure the heaviness of air, weight of air factor is 100/23 and if there
should arise an occurrence of volume of air duplication factor is 100/21

Problem 1
Calculate the weight and volume or air required for complete combustion of 4 kg.
coal with the following compositions, C=85%, H=-10%, O=5%.

Combustion Reactions Elements Weight of O₂ required for

complete combustion in kg
C (12) + O₂ (32) CO₂ (44) C = 0.85 C = 0.85 x 32/12 = 2.26 kg
H₂ (2) + ½ O₂ (16) H₂O (18) H = 0.1 H = 0.1 x 16/2 = 0.8 kg
O = 0.05 -
TOTAL OXYGEN = 3.06 kg

Weight of oxygen required

Weight of Oxygen needed – weight of oxygen present
 Air required for complete combustion
= 3.01 x 100/23 = 13.08 kg per 1 kg coal

 Air required for 4 kg. of coal

= 13.08 x 4 = 52.32 kg.
 Volume of air

28.94 kg. of air = 22.4 L volume of air Normal Temperature Pressure (NTP)
 52.32 kg of air = 22.4 x 52.32 / 28.94 = 40.496 litres of air

Weight of air required = 52.32 kg.

Volume of air required = 40.49 litres

Problem 2
A gaseous fuel has following composition by volume = CH4 = 25%, CO = 10%,
H2 = 6%, C3H8=10%. Calculate the weight of air required for complete
combustion.
Combustion reactions Volume of O2 required
CH₄ (1 Vol) + 2O₂ (2 Vol) CO₂ + 2 x 0.25 = 0.5 mᶾ
2H₂O
CO (1 Vol) + ½ O₂ (1/2 Vol) CO₂ ½ x 0.1 = 0.05 mᶾ
2H₂ (2 Vol) + O₂ (1 Vol) 2H₂O ½ x 0.06 = 0.03 mᶾ
C₃H₈ (1 Vol) + 5O₂ (5 Vol) 3CO₂ + 4H₂O 5 x 0.1 = 0.5 mᶾ
TOTAL O₂ required = 1.08
mᶾ

Volume of air = Volume of O₂ x 100 / 21 = 1.08 x 100 / 21

= 5.142 mᶾ of air
= 5.142 litres of air

Weight of air
22.4 litres = 28.94 kg of air

 5.142 litres = (5.142 x 28.94 / 22.4) kg of air = 6.643 Kg of air

 Problem 3
A sample of coal requires 20% excess air for complete combustion.
Calculate weight of air for 250 gm of the coal, if its composition is C = 81%,
H = 4%, N = 1.5%, S = 1.2%, O = 3%, ash = 9.3%.

Reactions Weight of O₂ required

C (12) + O₂ (32) CO₂ (44) C = 0.81 x 32/12 = 2.16
Kg
H₂ (2) + ½ O₂ (16) H₂O (16) H = 0.04 x 16/2 = 0.32 Kg
S (32) + O₂ (32) SO₂ (64) H = 0,04 x 32/32 = 0.012
Kg

TOTAL O₂ Required = 2.492 Kg

O₂ present in coal = 0.03 Kg
Net O₂ required = 2.462 Kg

Weight of air required = 2.462 x 100 / 23 = 10.7 Kg of air

Now 20% excess air is required for complete combustion, the practically
required
weight of air.

10.7 x 120 / 100 = 21.845 Kg of Air

Now 1kg of coal requires 12.845 Kg of air

 250 gm of coal requires = 250/1000 x 12.845 = 3.211 kg of air