SUBJUNCTIVE

Modul subjonctiv in engleza se foloseste in urmatoarele cazuri:

• o actiune posibila in viitor
• o actiune nerealizata in trecut sau prezent
• o recomandare, un sfat

Subjonctivul in engleza are urmatoarele forme

I. infinitivul scurt al verbului - V1, fara particular “to”

1) dupa constructii ca: It is necessary, It is advisable, It is recommendable, It is possible, It is

unsure, It is probable (formulari ca si "He/she recommends", "He/she advices", "He/she requests"
);
2) in propozitii de scop (so that ...); ex.: She did her work so that she can watch the movie with us.

3) in propozitii concesive ( however ... ); ex.: I help my brother however much it costs.

4) in exclamatii afective: ex.: Bless you !

5) in formule (infinitiv scurt):

Long live the queen. (Trăiască regina!)
So be it. (Aşa să fie.)
Suffice it to say. (Este suficient de zis.)
Be that as it may. (Fie ce o fi.)
Come what may. (Fie ce o fi.)
Say what you will. (Spune ce vrei.)

II. Forma de "Past Tense" a verbului, - V2/V+ed/d (pentru verbul “to be”, forma este WERE
la toate persoanele!!)
Se foloseste pentru a exprima:
1) in regula a II-a a Conditionalelor

2) un regret prezent
I wish I could go with you.
If only he called me!
If only I had heard about the concert!

3) ceva ce e ireal in prezent (cu constructiile "as if", "as though");

1
 She speaks as if she didn’t know me .

4) preferinta (cand se folosesc constructiile "would rather” “would sooner", "it is (high) time", "had
better", "I'd prefer").
You had better do your homework.
I’d prefer if he comes with me.
He knows it’s high time we left

I would rather he washed the car .

ATENTIE ! : * would rather este urmat de infinitiv scurt daca face referire la

actiunile aceluiasi subiect .

e.g. I would rather go now than stay till the end .

They would rather take the exam this year .

* had better este urmat intotdeauna de infinitiv scurt , pentru ca se

refera doar la actiunile aceluiasi subiect .

e.g. You had better keep quiet .

She’d better forgive him for his mistakes .

EXCEPTIE !

Daca dorinta sau ipoteza se refera la o actiune viitoare ,

despre care vorbitorul stie ca nu se va realiza niciodata , se foloseste “would”+ infinitiv scurt.

e.g. I wish they wouldn’t smoke so much .

They wish she wouldn’t marry a foreigner .

If only he wouldn’t eat so much garlic .

2
III. Forma de "Past Perfect Tense" a verbului, pentru a exprima un regret cu privire la o
actiune anterioara timpului din propozitia principala:
ex.: I wish(ed) you had called me.

Past Perfect
Are aceeasi forma cu past perfect-indicativ - HAD +V3/V+ed/d

Se foloseste :

- in regula a III –a a Conditionalelor

- dupa verbul “wish” sau constructiile ipotetice , pentru a face referire la o actiune trecuta , care nu s-
a realizat conform asteptarilor , dar nu se mai poate modifica .

e.g. We wish they had told her the truth .

Nobody wishes she had been present .

Good Gracious , you look as if you had seen a ghost .

If only I hadn’t forgotten my keys .

She would rather you hadn’t refused her .

ATENTIE ! * dupa had better si would rather ( cand se refera la acelasi subiect )

folosim infinitiv perfect pentru a face referire la trecut .

e.g. You had better have waited outside .

They would rather have given up that job .

IV. Alte forme de imperativ:

Somebody turn the lights off!
Come on, hurry up!

V. Dupa verbe ce exprima dorinta ca cineva sa realizeze o actiune: ask, advise, desire, intend,
order, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge, want; dupa verbe ce exprima planuri: arrange,
leave word, pland; after adjectives expressing feelings: anxious, willing, eager, pleased, glad.

3
 They requested that the bus come at four pm.
I planned that they should visit the hotel beforehand.
We were anxious that our parents should watch this movie.

VI. Cu "may/might"
May you live long !
However long the way might be, we must go there.

Alte observatii privind subjonctivul in engleza:

1) in constructiile cu "for + subiect" se foloseste forma lunga a infinitivului:

It's time for him to leave.

2) "if need be" inseamna "if it is necessary"

If need be I can always come over.

Subjonctivul cu “Should”
Este cerut de “that” si compusii lui that: so that , in order that , in case (that) , for fear (that)(+
verb afirmativ) , lest (=so that not + verb afirmativ).

 “That” poate introduce diverse tipuri de subordonate : subiective , predicative , atributive ,

completive directe .

e.g. : It is possible that she should be late for the party .(subiectiva)

Being there on time means that we should get up very early .(predicativa)

The idea that he should leave me was driving me crazy .(atributiva)

He suggested that we should take a taxi .

 Compusii lui that pot introduce doar subordonate de scop (Purpose Clauses)

e.g. She left early so that she should catch the last train .

He invited Bob in case father should need someone to talk to .

They stopped talking for fear he should hear them .

He left in a hurry lest the neighbour should catch him .

4
OBS. In anumite situatii , pentru a implica o nuanta modala , in locul lui should putem folosi :

Ø can – could ( capacitate fizica sau intelectuala);

Ø will – would ( vointa);

Ø may – might ( posibilitate ).

e.g.: He refused the job for fear he might find a better one .

I spoke to Jack in case he would come .

She turned down the light so that he could sleep .

ATENTIE : Orice constructie cu subjonctiv cu should poate fi inlocuita cu un infinitiv sau gerund .

e.g. : He suggested that we should come the next day .

Ø He suggested our coming the next day .

Leaving now means that we should get there rather early .

Ø Leaving now means getting there rather early .

They were invited so that they should deliver a speech .

Ø They were invited to deliver a speech .