UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA MACHALA

Calidad, Pertinencia y Calidez

UNIDAD ACADÉMICA DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS Y DE LA SALUD
CARRERA DE CIENCIAS MÉDICAS

LINKING WORDS AND PHRASES

Names:

KESMIEHT BRYAN MENDIETA SOLANO

JUAN VICENTE VALAREZO PAZMIÑO
DENISSE AYLEEN VALAREZO REYES

TEACHER:

Mgs. Maribel Barreto

Course
8th SEMESTer “A”

EL ORO – MACHALA
Date: 25/11/2019
 LINKING WORDS AND PHRASES
When you are writing it is important that the connections between your ideas are made very
clear. If you do not make clear links between your ideas then you cannot be certain that the
reader will make the connections that you have intended. You can make your thoughts clear
by using linking words and phrases to connect your ideas. For this reason linking words and
phrases are often called connectives.

Connectives act like a road map for the reader to indicate the flow and order of your writing
and ideas. The use of linking words and phrases makes it easier for the reader to follow your
ideas between parts of a sentence, from one sentence to another, and from one paragraph to
another. Selecting the right connectives also forces you to think about how you are linking
your ideas and whether the connections make sense or not.

Particular words and phrases serve different functions when connecting ideas. For example,
they can signal or signpost the use of additional information, opposition or contrast, cause
and effect, emphasis, clarification, or a relationship in time or sequence.

The following linking words and phrases can be used to provide your reader with indications
about how your ideas are connected in your writing.

ADDITION  To add to what has been previously stated.

additionally, and also, apart from this, furthermore, In addition , moreover , further , what is
more.
COMPARISON  to show how things are similar.
similarly , equally , in the same way , likewise , correspondingly.

 EFFECT  To provide the effect of what has been stated or has occurred.

Coordinators:

Link independent clauses within a sentence.

Examples:
• So
Example: The doctor worked late, so he is tired.

Subordinators Link an independent clause with a dependent clause or phrase within a sentence.

Examples:
• (If) … then
• … resulting in
• So …that
• … then

Example: If you don't go to the doctor, then your cough could get worse

Transitions Link independent clauses within a sentence.

Link sentences within a paragraph.

Examples:
• Accordingly,
• As a result,
• Consequently,
• Hence,
• Therefore,
• Thus,

Example: The patient misbehaved with his doctor; as a result, the doctor got mad.

 RESTATEMENT  To express an alternative to what has been previously stated.

Examples:
• in brief
• to put it differently
• Examples:
• In other words…
• in essence
• Namely
• that is
• that is to say
• in short

Example: The doctor went on vacation, in other words, he will not come to work
CONCESSION. To accept a point or idea with reservations.

Examples:
o Admittedly…
o Although…
o However…
o All the same…
o Up to a point…
o Even so…
o in spite of…
o Even though…

Example: Joel didn't want to go to the hospital, even though he was very ill.

GENERALIZING. To make a general statement.

Examples:
• as a rule
• as usual
• for the most part
• generally
• generally speaking
• ordinarily
• usually

Example: Joel usually operates all day

SUMMARY

To sum up what has been previously stated

Examples: Examples:
• after all • in conclusion
• all in all • on the whole
• all things considered • in short
• briefly • in summary
• by and large • in the final analysis
• in any case • in the long run
• in any event • on balance
• in brief • to sum up
• To conclude • to summarize
• In short • finally
Example: To sum up, the doctor talked about the effects of aspirin on primary attention

ORDER. To indicate the order of what is being said.

Examples:
• First…
• Second…
• Third…
• Next…
• Before…
• Earlier…
• Finally…
• Subsequently…
• Previously…
• And then…
• Meanwhile…

Example: A clinical history has a special sequence,

First, begins with the data of the patient about the symptoms, clinical history, anamnesis...

Second, you do the physical examination

Subsequently you try to identify some alterations with the palpation, you identify the Fascie with
inspection and so on…

And then you do a diagnosis

And Finally, you stablish a treatment

CONDITION
Function: provide a condition to what has been established

 Yes
 Then
 In case
 Unless
EXAMPLES:

 I will give you a medication if I consider it necessary.

Contrast
Function: to show how things are different
  different to
 Nevertheless
 On the other hand
 Nevertheless
 In spite of
 In contrast with)
 While
 While
 Alternatively
 The other way
 Even so
 Different from
 Contrary to
Examples:

 The patient did not have any alteration rather the electrode moved.

 The doctor prepared his suture kit whereas the patient calms down

 The patient goes to the doctor's office when his symptoms worsened instead of attending
when he had mild symptoms

Emphasis
Function: present a point or idea with more force

 Undoubtedly
 Indeed
 Obviously
 Particularly / in particular
 Especially
 Clearly
 In bombastic tone
 Absolutely
  insurance
 Definitely
 Never
 It should be noted
 Unquestionably
 Especially
 Affirmatively
Examples:

 A bacterial infection must be treated properly for the medication to take effect,
especially if we find multi-resistant bacteria.

Comparison
Function: to show how things are similar

 Similary
 Equally
 Equally
 Such as
 Like
 Similar to
 Like
 Compare / compare (d) with (with)
 In the same way
 In the same way
 Correspondingly
Examples:

 In order to decide on the appropriate treatment of pneumonia, patients must be

classified according to the risk they present, depending on the severity of the
symptoms, outpatient treatment is established, or the patient is referred for hospital
admission. To do this, some scales are usually used that equally assess these aspects
and allow doctors to objectively decide the place of treatment according to the
likelihood of complications.