Name :Bernadhita Herindri Samodera Utami

NPM : 1937061006
Subject : Research Methodology
Major : Doktor MIPA
Midterm Examination on 7th October 2019

1. In the context of doctoral research, what does novelty mean?

Answer:
We start from the difference between undergraduate and postgraduate: a bachelor’s
degree traditionally meant that the student had obtained a general education (specializing at this
level is a relatively recent nineteenth-century development), a master’s degree is a licence to
practise. Originally this meant to practise theology, that is, to take a living in the Church, but now
there are master’s degrees across a whole range of disciplines: business administration, soil
biology, computing, applied linguistics and so on. The degree marks the possession of advanced
knowledge in a specialist field, but a doctor’s degree historically was a licence to teach – meaning
to teach in a university as a member of a faculty. Nowadays this does not mean that becoming a
lecturer is the only reason for taking a doctorate, since the degree has much wider career
connotations outside academia and many of those with doctorates do not have academic teaching
posts. The concept stems, though, from the need for a faculty member to be an authority, in full
command of the subject right up to the boundaries of current knowledge, and able to extend them.
As the highest degree that can be awarded, it proclaims that the recipient is worthy of being
listened to as an equal by the appropriate university faculty.
Related to the function of doctoral education in terms of science development, Jujun S.
Suriasumantri said that knowledge is the work of someone who is communicated and studied
openly by the public. If the work meets the scientific requirements, it will be accepted as part of a
collection of knowledge and be used by the public. Thus a researcher has both individual and
social responsibilities. The function of a researcher does not stop at individual study and science
but also takes responsibility so that scientific products arrive and can be utilized by the
community. A good scientific product is a product that has a novelty aspect.
I tried to define the novelty mean in doctoral research, novelty in research means new
observation/result/thing which strike the quality of research/experiment. In other word,
novelty is new outcomes, it can be new formula, new variables, or combining several methods
that have never been discussed by other researchers. Novelty (derived from Latin word “novus”
for "new") is the quality of being new, or following from that, of being striking, original or
unusual. Novelty may be the shared experience of a new cultural phenomenon or the subjective
perception of an individual.
2. Why research novelty is very important for a doctoral candidate?
Answer:
As I wrote in number 1 that doctoral education is different from undergraduate education.
In undergraduate education, in academic terms, is organized for the student where syllabuses
were laid down, textbooks were specified, practical sessions were designed, the examinations
were organized to cover a set range of topics in questions of a known form from department or
lecturers for student. But in doctoral education, doctoral candidate have to take responsibility
for managing his learning and for getting himself a doctoral title. The necessity for personal
academic initiative is the key cultural change that doctoral students will encounter compared with
their undergraduate days. It requires a different style of operation, which is why it is not sufficient
just to state the issue as we did in the previous sections. Students need information and insights to
develop the capacity to operate successfully in the postgraduate environment.
In addition to being responsible for completing his studies, a doctor candidate is also
responsible for providing novelty outputs that are useful for science and society. Personally I
think, the basic idea is that doctoral research is to finding out something we don’t know, aims
to reorientate our thinking, to make a question what we think we do know, and to focus on
new aspects of our complex reality. In exploring the nature of research, it is useful to
distinguish it from another activity: intelligence-gathering. answering the ‘what’ questions, it can
be considered as ‘intelligence-gathering’ – using the term in the military sense. Intelligence-
gathering is an important activity and intelligence is a valued commodity. That is why novelty is
very important in doctoral research. According to Estelle M. Phillips and Derek S. Pugh in “How
to Get a Ph.D”, there are characteristics of good research:
1) Research is based on an open system of thought.
The key to the approach is to keep firmly in mind that the classic position of a researcher
is not that of one who knows the right answers but of one who is struggling to find out
what the right questions might be.
2) Researchers examine data critically.
Researchers examine data and the sources of data critically so that the basic research
approach to provocative statements.
3) Researchers have to generalize and specify the limits on their generalizations.
The way generalizations can best be established is through the development of
explanatory theory, and it is indeed the application of theory that turns intelligence-
gathering into research.

3. What is the basic difference between innovation, originality, and novelty?

Answer:
The words used to describe the outcome of a doctoral research is ‘an original contribution
to knowledge’. It may sound rather grand, but we must remember that the work for the doctoral
degree is essentially a research training process and the term ‘original contribution’ has perforce
to be interpreted quite narrowly. It does not mean an enormous breakthrough that has the subject
rocking on its foundations, and research students who think that it does (even if only
subconsciously or in a half-formed way) will find the process pretty debilitating. There are three
terms that are often inseparable in doctoral research namely innovation, originality, and novelty.
 Innovation is a "new idea, creative thoughts, new imaginations in form of device or
method". Innovation is often also viewed as the application of better solutions that meet new
requirements, unarticulated needs, or existing market needs. Such innovation takes place
through the provision of more-effective products, processes, services, technologies, or business
models that are made available to markets, governments and society. An innovation is something
original and more effective and, as a consequence, new, that "breaks into" the market or society.
Innovation is related to, but not the same as, invention, as innovation is more apt to involve the
practical implementation of an invention (i.e. new/improved ability) to make a meaningful impact
in the market or society, and not all innovations require an invention. Innovation often manifests
itself via the engineering process, when the problem being solved is of a technical or scientific
nature. While a novel device is often described as an innovation, in economics, management
science, and other fields of practice and analysis, innovation is generally considered to be the
result of a process that brings together various novel ideas in such a way that they affect society.
In industrial economics, innovations are created and found empirically from services to meet
growing consumer demand.Innovation also has an older historical meaning which is quite
different. From the 1400s through the 1600s, prior to early American settlement, the concept of
"innovation" was pejorative. It was an early modern synonym for rebellion, revolt and heresy.
According to Phillips (1993), he took definition of originality as: 1. carrying out
empirical work that hasn’t been done before; 2. making a synthesis that hasn’t been made before;
3. using already known material but with a new interpretation; 4. trying out something in Britain
that has previously only been done abroad; 5. taking a particular technique and applying it in a
new area; 6. bringing new evidence to bear on an old issue; 7. being cross-disciplinary and using
different methodologies; 8. looking at areas that people in the discipline haven’t looked at before;
9. adding to knowledge in a way that hasn’t been done before. I personally define originality as
something that is found from personal experience based on preliminary knowledge obtained
from researchers or other literature. For example, I did an experiment observing the smallest
part of a bamboo leaf using a microscope. When I found the cell wall, nucleus, stomata by
myself, that is an originality even though I already know it in biology books.
Novelty can be defined as the quality of being new, or following from that, of being
striking, original or unusual. Novelty may be the shared experience of a new cultural
phenomenon or the subjective perception of an individual. From the meaning of being
unusual usage is derived the concept of the novelty dance (a type of dance that is popular for
being unusual or humorous); the novelty song (a musical item that capitalizes on something new,
unusual, or a current fad); the novelty show (a competition or display in which exhibits or
specimens are in some way novel); and novelty architecture (a building or other structure that is
interesting because it has an amusing design). It is also this sense that applies to a novelty item, a
small manufactured adornment, toy or collectible. These, in turn are often used as promotional
merchandise in marketing. The chess term, novelty, is used for a move in chess which has never
been played before in a recorded game.The term can have pejorative sense and refer to a mere
innovation. However, novelty in patent law is part of the legal test to determine whether an
invention is patentable. A novelty effect is the tendency for performance to initially improve
when new technology is instituted.
Thus it can be concluded that the fundamental difference between innovation,
originality, novelty: innovation is about creative idea to solve problem in easy way,
 originality is create process or product on your own (without copying any other work), and
novelty is about the first time in the world.

4. What are the necessary steps you need to take to make sure that your research has a novelty?
Answer:
My research leads to the combination of statistics with algebraic concepts, namely time
series analysis with the rough set method. The necessary steps that I need to take to make sure
that my research has a novelty are discuss with supervisor whether the topic I was going to
study was novel, the I have to find articles about time series analysis. If there are already
researchers who discuss time series analysis in terms of the concept of algebra rough set then I
will identify possible areas that have not been discussed for my object research. In the time series
analysis there are conditions that must be fulfilled is data with normal distribution and minimum
variances. I will begin by examining if data conditions are not normally distributed,
autocorrelated, and have large variances.

5. How do you highlight the novelty of your research in your Ph.D. dissertation?
Answer:
To highlight the novelty I must be able to make a market study or subject that can use the
research that I made. In general, time series analysis is widely used to help problems in the
banking world.

Under normal conditions met, forecasting will result as shown above, I will try novelty from
abnormal conditions that are found in real conditions I am going to start from the problems
encountered by the banking world then make mathematics equation modeling and produce
precise predictions related to stock or financial data. Thus my research was right on target
because it was something new in the banking world.