Depression and The Treatment

(By; Dhia Bakhitah Imtinan, 1806203692, EFN II D)

Humans in their life often face many problems. Maybe thousand problem can
be faced by someone who live in their days. Human who has a good problem-solve
maybe will be okay, but what will happen if they didn’t have? They will face another
problem, the one of all is depression. Someone can experience depression in their
lifespan. Depression can cause any other problems, so depressive surferers need a
treatment to help them from their depression.

Based on WHO (2012), Depression is common mental health disorder that

affect all of the communities across the world. Between 100, there are 15-20 people
experience depression in their life (Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical
Center, 2015). Depression presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure,
decreased energy, feelings of guilt or low self-esteem, disturbed sleep or appetite, and
poor concentration. Moreover, depression often comes with symptoms of anxiety. At
its worst, depression can lead suicide.

Depressive disorders include two main sub-categories. The first ismajor

depressive disorder or depressive episode, which involves symptoms such as
depressed mood, loss of interest and enjoyment, and decreased energy. Depending on
the number and severity of symptoms, a depressive episode can be categorized as
mild, moderate, or severe. The second is dysthymia, a persistent or chronic form of
mild depression; the symptoms of dysthymia are similar (WHO, 2017).

In the world, the number of depressive surferers is big. Prevalence rates vary
by age, peaking in older adulthood (above 7.5% among females aged 55-74 years,
and above 5.5% among males). Depression also occurs in children and adolescents
below the age of 15 years, but at a lower level than older age groups. The summarize
number of people who experience depression in the world is 322 million (WHO,
2017).

Compare to the prevalence depressive surferers in the world, Indonesia has

their own prevalence too. Depressive surferers in Indonesia has 6.2 percent. The
highest percentage of depressive surferers is Central Sulawesi with 12 percent. From
6.2 percent, only 9 percent people who lives with depression in Indonesia go to the
professional to get the medication (Kementerian Kesehatan, 2018).

Depression is a mental health disorder. Like another disorder, depression can

be treated by the professional. The depressive surferers can go to the professional to
get some help. Counselling can assist people sort out practical problems and conflicts,
and help them understand the reasons for their depression. It may include specific
types of intervention such as cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), interpersonal
therapy, family therapy and psychodynamic psychotherapy. Psychosocial strategies
including education, counselling and support for the person and his or her family can
help with understanding, stress management and compliance with medication
(Queensland Health, 2010).

Medication such as antidepressant can help to relieve the depression, restore

normal sleeping patterns an appetite, and reduce anxiety. They work by modifying
the activity of neurotransmitter pathways in the brain. There are a number of
categories of antidepressants, like selective serotonin uptake inhibitors (SSRIs),
serotonin or noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), atypical antidepressants,
tricyclic, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (Queensland Health, 2010).

The another treatment for person who live with depression is

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), is a safe and effective treatment for the most severe
forms of depression. The procedure contains the use of short-acting anaesthesia,
muscle relaxants and oxygen.The person is carefully monitored throughout the
procedure and during recovery. The purpose is influence the levels of
neurotransmitters, leading to improvement in mood or reduction of psychotic
symptoms. ECT may be as life-saver for those at high risk of suicide or who, because
of the severity of their illness, have stopped eating and drinking and may die as a
result (Queensland Health, 2010).

Depression is a common mental health disorder which affect much people in

the world. In Indonesia, depression also affect so many citizen. But now, there are so
many treatment for depression.

References
Kementerian Kesehatan. (2018) Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Retrieved from:
https://www.depkes.go.id/resources/download/info-terkini/hasil-riskesdas-
2018.pdf
Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center. (2015) What is Major
Depression. Retrieved from:
http://www.mirecc.va.gov/visn22/depression_education.pdf
Queensland Health. (2010) Mental Illness Nursing Documents. Retrieved from:
https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0033/444588/depression.p
df
World Health Organization. (2012) Depression A Global Public Health Concern.
Retrieved from:
https://www.who.int/mental_health/management/depression/who_paper_depres
sion_wfmh_2012.pdf
World Health Organization. (2017) Depression and Other Common Mental Health
Disorders. Retrieved from:
https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/254610/WHO-MSD-MER-
2017.2-eng.pdf