Jr. Science Quiz 17-18 Quiz Edited

Questions for Science Quiz 2017-18
Answer in one word

Q.1 Name the physical quantity measured in unit “Light years”.
Ans. Distance
Q.2 Name the force that keeps the object in circular motion.
Ans. Centripetal force.
Q.3 What is the commercial unit of energy?
Ans. Kilowatt hour (kWh)
Q.4 Name the tendency of an object which resists change in its state.
Ans. Inertia.
Q.5 Name the colour blind English scientist known for formulating the atomic theory.
Ans. John Dalton.
Q.6 Name the world’s most powerful particle accelerator.
Ans. Large Hadron Collider.
Q.7 Name the scientist who developed the first atomic bomb.
Ans. J.Robert Oppenheimer.
Q.8 Where in our human body is one likely to find rods, cones and photosensitive cells?
Ans. Eye
Q.9 Name the term used for measuring fluid resistance that a fluid offers against forces which make
it flow.
Ans. Viscosity.
Q.10 Name the phenomena responsible for the formation of rainbow.
Ans. Total internal reflection and Dispersion.
Q.11 Which quantity is constant during the thermodynamic isothermal process?
Ans. Temperature.
Q.12 From which Latin term the word ‘Electricity’ is derived?
Ans. Electricus.
1|Page Questions for Science Quiz 2017-18

Q.13 Name the type of substances which are repelled by a magnetic field.
Ans. Diamagnetic substances ( induced magnetic field in them is in the opposite direction) Eg. Zinc.
Q.14 When an ice cube floats in water, roughly what fraction of its volume is above water?
Ans. 10%.
Q.15 Which planet in the solar system receives the maximum number of impacts from comets?
Ans. Jupiter.
Q.16 Name India’s first weather satellite.

Ans. Kalpana-1
Q.17 What is the phenomenon of reflection of sound called?

Ans. Echo
Q.18 Name the machine with a bar that pivots on a fixed point.
Ans. Lever
Q.19 What is the darkest part of a shadow called?

Ans. Umbra
Q.20 What is the nature of the image formed on the retina of the human eye?
Ans. Real, inverted and diminished
Q.21 Nuclear sizes are expressed in a unit called-
Ans. Fermi.
Q.22 Name the type of sound having frequency below 20 Hz.
Ans. Infrasonic sound.
Q.23 What is full form of CRO?
Ans. Cathode ray oscilloscope.
Q.24 Which physical quantity is measured in Angstrom?
Ans. Length.
Q.25 What is the full form of FM?
Ans. Frequency modulator.
Q.26 What is the full form of MASER?
Ans. Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

Q.27 What is the full form of BTU?
Ans. British thermal unit
Q.28 What is the nature of sound waves in air?
Ans. Longitudinal.
Q.29 Name the principle used in optical fiber.
Ans. Total internal reflection.
Q.30 When a bird while flying takes a turn from where does it get the centripetal ?
Ans. Air resistance.
Q. 31 Name the particle which does not exert gravitational force.
Ans. Photon.
Q.32 How many nanometer will make one meter?
Ans. 109.
Q.33 Which colour of light is least absorbed by plants?
Ans. Green.
Q.34 Name the feature of sound waves corresponding to its loudness.
Ans. Amplitude.
Q.35 Name the type of velocity with which a paratrooper comes to ground.
Ans. Terminal velocity.
Q.36 For which work Einstein got the Nobel prize in physics in 1921?
Ans. Photoelectric effect.
Q.37 Name the unit of Luminous intensity.
Ans. Candela.
Q.38 Name the principle of heat transfer used in central heating system.
Ans. Convection.
Q.39 A physicist who invented C language of computer programming
Ans. Dennis Ritchie.

Q.40 What is common between a crowbar used to lift a heavy stone and the elbow joint in the arm of
human body?
Ans. Both are class III lever.
Q.41 What is the unit of resistivity?
Ans. Ohm meter (Ωm)
Q.42 Name the pendulum which completes one oscillation in 2 seconds.
Ans. Seconds pendulum.
Q.43 A force that keeps the object in circular motion
Ans. Centripetal force.
Q.44 The product of frequency and wavelength of light is a universal constant. What is this constant?
Ans. Velocity of light.
Q.45 Group of finely spaced lines found in the spectrum of Sun are called.
Ans. Fraunhofer lines.
Q.46 What is the speed of our Sun within the Milky way Galaxy?
Ans Approximately 220 km/s
Q.47 What is velocity of geostationary satellite with respect to earth?
Ans. Zero.
Q.48 What is the minimum achievable temperature by any process?
Ans. -2730C
Q.49 Name the Italian scientist who developed the first nuclear reactor.
Ans. Enrico Fermi
Q.50 Name the elementary particle having positive charge.
Ans. Protons
Q.51 Name a form of carbon being used as a machine lubricant.
Ans. Graphite
Q.52 Which alloy of Al is used for making magnets?
Ans. Alnico

Q.53 Which variety of glass is heat resistant?
Ans. Pyrex
Q.54 Which chemical is used as a fixer in photography?
Ans. Sodium Thiosulphate
Q.55 Which out of the following is an element - ruby/sapphire/diamond/topaz?
Ans. Diamond
Q.56 Which element is present in bleaching powder - chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine?
Ans: Chlorine
Q.57 Which element can be extracted from bauxite?
Ans. Aluminium
Q. 58 Ruby is an oxide of which element?
Ans: Aluminium
Q.59 Which gas can be used to put out fire caused by electricity?
Ans: Carbon dioxide
Q.60 Periodic table was first given by -
Ans: Mendeleev
Q.61 Which element is used in vulcanization of rubber ?
Ans: Sulphur.
Q.62 Washing soda is chemically -
Ans: Sodium carbonate decahydrate
Q.63 Which solvent is used for making Tincture iodine?
Ans: Alcohol.
Q.64 Which compound is called as asprin?
Ans: Methyl salicylate
Q.65 Which metal is used to recover copper from a solution of copper sulphate?
Ans: Iron

Q.66 Which nuclear particle is assumed to hold the nucleons together?
Ans: Mesons
Q.67 Name the category of chemical which are used to make synthetic fibre.
Ans: Petrochemicals
Q.68 Name a metal which melts at body temperature.
Ans: Gallium.
Q.69 Which substance is obtained by hydrolysis of oil?
Ans: Glycerol
Q.70 What is used to produce artificial rain amongst sand, copper oxide, silver iodide, silver nitrate?
Ans: Silver iodide
Q.71 Water droplets are spherical because of which property?
Ans: Surface tension
Q.72 Which of the following - ice, water, benzene and chloroform has maximum density?
Ans: Water.
Q.73 Name an alloy made of tin and lead.
Ans: Solder.
Q.74 Is milk slightly - basic, acidic or neutral?
Ans: Acidic
Q.75 What do you call a particle having more number of protons than electrons in its atom?
Ans: A Cation
Q76. Name the cells which are used to convert Solar Energy to Electrical Energy.
Ans Photovoltaic Cells
Q77. Those parts of the world which are prone to volcanic activities harness the heat of the earth for
generating electricity. Which type of energy is this?
Ans Geothermal Energy
Q78. Which scientific technique is used to determine the age of fossils?
Ans: Radiocarbon Dating

Q79. Which energy conversion takes place when we rub hands?
Ans: Mechanical to Thermal Energy
Q80..QWhich metal is the main component of alloys like brass and bronze?
Ans: Copper
Q81. Which law states that “under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of
different gases contain the same number of molecules”?
Ans: Avogadro’s Law
Q82. Name the scientist who gave the principle “The weight of displaced volume of fluid is equal to
the apparent loss in weight of an object either fully or partially immersed in that fluid”.
Ans: Archimedes
Q83. A pungent smell often present near the urinal is due to which chemical substance?
Ans: Ammonia
Q84. Which part of the body is affected due to the disease Hepatitis?
Ans: Liver
Q85. Addition of small quantities of it prevents tooth decay. What is it?
Ans: Flourine
Q86. If we observe bubble formation on addition of lemon juice to an ice cream , then presence of
which food adulterant is indicated?
Ans: Washing Powder
Q87. Natural rubber is a polymer containing monomers of which chemical substance?
Ans: Isoprene
Q88. Which allotrope of oxygen occurs in the earth’s stratosphere and absorbs the harmful UV rays?
Ans: Ozone
Q89. Which is the most plentiful element in the earth’s atmosphere and is a constituent of all living
matter?
Ans: Nitrogen
Q92. There is one part in the body which does not get any blood supply. Name it.
Ans: Cornea

Q91. Which instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?
Ans: Barometer.
Q92. In which type of rocks are plant and animal fossils found?
Ans: Sedimentary Rock
Q93. Due to which action oil moves up the wick in a lantern?
Ans: Capillary Action
Q94. What is the method of growing plants without soil called?
Ans: Hydroponics
Q95. Which body organ helps in controlling body temperature?
Ans: Skin
Q96. Name the gland present in the brain that controls the secretions of pituitary gland, the
temperature of the body and the emotions of an individual.
Ans: Hypothalamus.
Q97. What is common to all these organisms- insects, scorpions, lobsters, snails, octopuses, jellyfish
and starfish?
Ans: They all lack backbone
Q98. Name two mammals which lay eggs.
Ans: Platypus and Spiny Ant Eater
Q99. What name is given to the feelers which insects have on their heads?
Ans: Antennae
Q100. Name the two gases present in LPG used as a fuel for cooking.
Ans: Propane and Butane
Q101. Name the tissue which provides nourishment to the mammalian foetus developing inside the
mother’s womb.
Ans: Placenta
Q102. Name the process by which water and dissolved mineral salts enter roots through semi-
permeable membranes.
Ans: Osmosis.

Q103. What is the category of mammals called the female of which has a pouch attached to its body in
which its young ones are carried until they are fully developed?
Ans: Marsupials.
Q104. It is the device for controlling temperature, the switch turns ON and OFF as necessary to keep
the temperature of an appliances constant. Name it.
Ans: Thermostat
Q105. Name the deadly gas which leaked out of pesticide plant of UNION CARBIDE INDIA Ltd.,
Bhopal on 3rd December 1984 killing many people.
Ans: Methyl Isocyanate.
Q106. Which mineral has nickname ‘FOOL’s GOLD’ because its golden colour often confused gold
prospectors?
Ans: Copper Pyrite.
Q107. What are the cells in organs that have the ability to proliferate , repair , renew and regenerate
called?
Ans: Stem Cells.
Q108. What is the active chemical ingredient in chilies giving them their characteristic pungent burning
taste?
Ans: Capsaicin.
Q109. Name the first genetically modified food product in India.
Ans: Bt Brinjal
Q110. Which metal is mixed with gold to make ornaments?
Ans: Copper
Q111. What is the chemical name of marsh gas?
Ans: Methane.
Q112. Which crop is generally termed as ‘green gold’?
Ans: Bamboo.
Q113. Some people do not have melanin, the substance that gives the skin its color. What is this
condition called?
Ans: Albinism

Q114. Why is it more difficult to walk on a sandy road than on a concrete road?
Ans: The friction between sand and feet is much less than that between concrete and feet.
Q115. Sound of frequency below 20 Hz is called
Ans: Infrasonic
Q116. Why does it take much longer to cook food on the hills than in the plains?
Ans: Low Atmospheric Pressure
Q117. On a cold day, when room temperature is 15oC, the metallic cap of a pen appears much colder
than its plastic body however both of them are at the same temperature of 15oC.
Ans: Metals are good conductor
Q118. When does the resistance of a conductor for a given material increase at
‘constant temperature?
Ans: When the length increases or thickness decreases or both.
Q119. Name the organ that balances the body.
Ans: Inner part of ear
Q120. Voice that is more shrill is said to have:
Ans: Higher Frequency
Q121. Solar cells are made up of-
Ans: Semiconductors like Silicon and Germanium
Q122. Which substances are repelled by a magnet?
Ans: Diamagnetic
Q123.What is the frequency of ultrasound?
Ans: Above 20,000Hz
Q124.What is the boiling point of water on Fahrenheit scale?
Ans: 2120F
Q125. The numerical value of atmospheric pressure on the surface of earth is:
Ans: 1.013x105 Pascal
Q126. The value of g at the centre of earth is :
Ans: Zero
10 | P a g e Questions for Science Quiz 2017-18

Q127. How does your mass vary on earth and on moon?
Ans: Remains same
Q128. When a pendulum is taken from earth to moon surface, its time period :
Ans: Increases
Q129. The lens used to rectify the defect of long sightedness is:
Ans: Convex Lens
Q130. Which part of the eye helps in focusing the objects?
Ans: Eye Lens
Q131. Name a device that glows, even if weak current passes through it:
Ans: LED
Q132. Which human organ is least affected by harmful radiations?
Ans: Brain
Q133. Which gas at different levels of the atmosphere acts as an enemy and as a friend to life on
earth?
Ans: Ozone
Q134. Which ecosystem is the oldest of all?
Ans: Coral Reef
Q135. The narrow zone that supports life on earth:
Ans: Biosphere
Q136. The natural absorption of carbon by oceans, forests and peat bogs is called :
Ans: Carbon Sink
Q137. Fatty substance present in the body that causes hardness of arteries when present in higher
concentration:
Ans: Cholesterol
Q138. The soft tissue present in the bone cavities is-
Ans: Bone Marrow
Q139. Which type of drug is used to treat bacterial infections in humans?
Ans: Antibiotics
Q140. When single member of particular specie is also not alive then such species is termed as
Ans: Extinct
Q141. A change of the DNA in an organism that results in a new trait is known as ?
Ans: Mutation
Q142. A portable form of energy i.e.,”A currency” inside a cell is called :
Ans: ATP
Q143. ECG is used for diagnosis of ailments of :
Ans: Heart
Q144. Who is known as father of plastic surgery?
Ans: Sushrut
Q145. The colour of our skin is due to a pigment called:
Ans: Melanin
*********************************

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. The cause of a tsunami can be

a. a volcanic outburst
b. lightning
c. internal disturbance in oceans
d. gravitational attraction of moon
2. It takes much longer to cook food in the hills than in the plains, because
a. in the hills the atmospheric pressure is lower than that in the plains and therefore
water boils at a temperature lower than 100oC causing an increase in cooking time
b. due to low atmospheric pressure on the hills, the water boils at a temperature higher than
100oC and therefore water takes longer to boil
c. in the hills the atmospheric density is low and therefore a lot of heat is lost to the
atmosphere
d. in the hills the humidity is high and therefore a lot of heat is absorbed by the atmosphere
leaving very little heat for cooking
3. Inside an airplane, flying at a high altitude,

a. the pressure is the same as that outside
b. normal atmospheric pressure is maintained by the use of air pumps
c. the pressure inside is less than the pressure outside
d. normal humidity and partial vacuum are maintained
4. Sound travels with a different speed in different media. In what order does the velocity of sound
increase in these media?
a. Water, iron and air
b. Iron, air and water
c. Air, water and iron
d. Iron, water and air
5. Oil rises up the wick in a lamp. The principle involves

a. the diffusion of oil through the wick
b. the liquid state of oil
c. capillary action phenomenon
d. volatility of oil
6. The intensity of earthquakes is measured on

a. Barometer
b. Metre scale
c. Richter scale
d. Seismograph

7. Which green house gas is produced by grazing cattle?
a. Carbon Dioxide
b. Methane
c. Nitrogen
d. Oxygen
8. On a cold day when a room temperature is 15oC, the metallic cap of a pen appears to be much
colder than its plastic body, though both are at the same temperature of 15oC, because
a. metals have higher thermal capacity than plastics
b. plastics have a lower density than metals
c. metals are good conductor of heat
d. plastics have a higher thermal conductivity than metals
9. Of the four locations mentioned below ,the highest inside temperature will be attained in the
pressure cooker operated with the pressure valve open
a. at sea level
b. at the top of Mt. Everest
c. at a place in a valley below sea level
d. in an aeroplane flying at a height of 10,000 m with inside pressure maintained at the sea
level
10. Radio telescopes are better than optical telescopes because

a. they can detect faint galaxies which no optical telescope can
b. they can work even in cloudy conditions
c. they can work during the day and night
d. All of the above
11. Light Emitting Diodes (LED) are used in fancy electronic devices such as toys emit
a. X-rays
b. ultraviolet light
c. visible light
d. radio waves
12. Mercury is commonly used as a thermometric fluid rather than water because
a. specific heat of mercury is less than water
b. specific heat of mercury is more than water
c. mercury has greater visibility than water
d. density of mercury is more than the water

13. The space between the lens and cornea is filled with
a. Vitreous humour
b. Aqueous humour
c. Ciliary muscles
d. Cone cells
14. On a stationary sail boat, air is blown from a fan attached to the boat. The boat
a. moves in opposite direction in which the air is blown
b. does not move
c. moves in the same direction in which air blows
d. spins around
15. Stars which appear single to the naked eye but are double when seen through a telescope are
a. novas and supernovas
b. Binaries
c. Asteroids
d. Quasars
16. Solar eclipse will take place when

a. the sun is between the moon and the earth
b. the earth is between the moon and the sun
c. the moon is between the sun and the earth
d. the moon does not lie on the line joining the sun and the earth
17. Sir C.V. Raman was awarded Nobel Prize for his work connected with which of the following
phenomenon of radiation?
a. Scattering
b. Diffraction
c. Interference
d. Polarization
18. In which of the following industries is mica as a raw material?

a. Cement
b. Glass and Pottery
c. Iron and Steel
d. Electrical
19. Radiocarbon dating technique is used to estimate the age of

a. rocks
b. monuments
c. soil
d. fossils

20. One should not connect a number of electrical appliances to the same power socket because
a. this can damage the appliances due to overloading
b. this can damage the domestic wiring due to overloading
c. this can damage the electrical meter
d. the appliance will not get full voltage
21. Natural radioactivity was discovered by

a. Marie Curie
b. Ernest Rutherford
c. Henri Becquerel
d. Enrico Fermi
22. It is easier to roll a barrel full of coal tar than to pull it because
a. the full weight of the barrel comes into play when it is pulled
b. the rolling friction is much less than the sliding friction
c. more surface area of the barrel is in contact with the road when it is pulled
d. coal tar is a liquid and it flows in the barrel when it is rolled
23. Rain is falling vertically downwards. To a man running east-wards, the rain will appear to be
a. coming from
b. East
c. West
d. Northeast
e. Southeast
24. During a lightning stroke, the air between the cloud and the earth behaves like a
a. Metal rod
b. Plastic rod
c. Wooden rod
d. Ebonite rod
25. Siphon will fail to work if

a. the densities of the liquid in the two vessels are equal
b. the level of the liquid in the two vessels are at the same height
c. both its limbs are of unequal length
d. the temperature of the liquids in the two vessels are the same
26. Nuclear sizes are expressed in a unit named

a. Fermi
b. Angstrom
c. Newton
d. Tesla

27. Stars appears to move from east to west because
a. all stars move from east to west
b. the earth rotates from west to east
c. the earth rotates from east to west
d. the background of the stars moves from west to east
28. Metals are good conductors of electricity because

a. they contain free electrons
b. the atoms are lightly packed
c. they have high melting point
d. All of the above
29. Let a thin capillary tube be replaced with another tube of insufficient length then, we find water
a. will overflow
b. will not rise
c. Depressed
d. change its meniscus
30. Musical instruments in which sound is produced by allowing a leather membrane to vibrate are
known as
a. Wind instruments
b. Reed instruments
c. Percussion instruments
d. d.Stringed instruments
31. Magnetism at the ends of a bar magnet is

a. Minimum
b. Maximum
c. Zero
d. minimum or maximum
32. Candela is the SI unit of

a. intensity of illumination
b. luminous efficiency
c. luminous flux
d. luminous power
33. What does Angstrom measure?

a. Quantity of liquid
b. Wavelength of light waves
c. Length of cables
d. speed of light

34. Centigrade & Fahrenheit scales give same reading at
a. 400
b. 32o
c. 2730
d. 1000
35. Who among the following described protoplasm as the physical basis of life?
a. T. H. Huxley
b. Leeuwenhoek
c. Rudolf Virchow
d. J. C. Bose
36. Numismatics is the study of

a. Coins
b. Numbers
c. Stamps
d. Space
37. Who was the surgeon who pioneered antiseptic surgery in 1865?
a. Edward Jenner
b. Joseph Lister
c. Henry William
d. John Sleeman
38. Thin flexible glass rods to transfer data from one region to another are known as
a. cables glass
b. reflection fibers
c. optical fibers
d. copper fibers
39. Screens of monitors and televisions are made by

a. red dots
b. red, yellow and green dots
c. red, green and blue dots
d. white dots
40. Light travels more quickly in

a. metals
b. warm air
c. cooler air
d. metalloids

41. The object is said to be optically denser when it
a. Refracts less light
b. Reflects more light
c. Refracts more light
d. Reflects less light
42. Meaning of word 'anhydrous' is

a. with water
b. without water
c. with copper
d. without copper
43. To make flexible items, a substance is added to PVC, this substance is known as
a. ester
b. ketone
c. halo alkanes
d. plasticizer
44. If there is lack of nitrogen in soil, plants turn

a. red
b. orange
c. to become dwarfs
d. stunted
45. In security or military use, ammonia is used in

a. explosives
b. bullets
c. flash bangs
d. tear gas shells
46. Polyvinyl chloride is a

a. metal
b. plastic
c. non-metal
d. metalloid
47. Fire fighters use thermal imaging cameras to identify

a. the distribution of fire
b. source of fire
c. the heat released by fire
d. the temperature of fire

48. Waves get trapped by glass walls of greenhouse in the form of
a. gamma rays
b. x-rays
c. infrared waves
d. radio waves
49. Thousands or mirrors or curved metals are used to focus solar energy on to small point to make it
very hot. This method is used in
a. solar cells
b. solar heater
c. solar furnace
d. solar battery
50. Floating devices which are connected in chain to generate electricity are called
a. Salter goose
b. Salter ducks
c. Salter mines
d. Salter sea gull
51. Plankton buried under heat and pressure over a long period of time is turned into
a. crude oil
b. natural gas
c. coal
d. kerosene
52. If someone carrying a knife or gun passes through detector, it alters pattern of
a. current
b. voltage
c. resistance
d. magnetic field
53. ELCB is an abbreviation for

a. electrolytic circuit breaker
b. earth locking circuit breaker
c. earth leakage circuit breaker
d. electric leakage circuit breaker
54. Food is mainly transported in form of a sugar known as

a. Fructose
b. Glucose
c. Sucrose
d. Galactose

55. If a drop of ink is dropped in water, it will spread equally in whole water by process of
a. Diffusion
b. Osmosis
c. Active transport
d. Respiration
56. Acromegaly is caused by irregular secretion of

a. Pituitary
b. Adrenal
c. Thyroid
d. Pancreas
57. Kidney stones are formed by which of the following compounds

a. Sodium Chloride
b. Silicates
c. Calcium bicarbonate
d. Calcium Oxalate
58. Foramen magnum is present in/as

a. Skull
b. Aperture in heart
c. Hole in voice box
d. Does not exist in human body
59. Which substance is rubbed on a wasp’s sting to get relief?

a. Calamine Lotion
b. Toothpaste
c. Washing Soda
d. Vinegar
60. Amount of blood filtered by kidney in one minute

a. 1200 ml
b. 1600 ml
c. 600 ml
d. 800 ml
61. Which of the following substances undergo sublimation (on heating)?

a. Iodine
b. Naphthalene
c. Camphor
d. All of these

62. Amalgam is a term used for an alloy of a metal with
a. Copper
b. Mercury
c. Lead
d. Aluminum
63. L.P.G is a hydrocarbon consisting of a mixture of

a. Methane & Butane
b. Propane and Butane
c. Ethane & Propane
d. Ethane & Butane
64. The instrument that measure arterial blood pressure is known as

a. Puknometer
b. Hyposmeter
c. Sphygmoscope
d. Sphygmomanometer
65. The power of a lens is measured in

a. Diopters
b. Aeon
c. Lumen
d. Candela
66. A bacteriophage is a
a. Kind of virus
b. Living organism
c. Rarely found in nature
d. None of the above
67. The bacterium ‘Escherichia coli’ is found mainly in

a. Human Intestine
b. Pteridophytes
c. Root nodules of leguminous plants
d. Paddy fields for nitrogen fixation
68. Which among the following is correctly paired?

a. Ginger: Tuber
b. Potato: Rhizome
c. Onion : Bulb
a. Only b
b. Only c
c. a & c
d. a, b &c
69. Consider the following statements
a. Spleen is also known as the graveyard of RBCs.
b. The lifespan of RBCs in adults is 90 days.
c. Which of the statement(s) given above is / are correct
a. Only 1
b. Only 2
c. Both 1 & 2
d. Neither1 nor 2
70. Which of the following factors are essential for blood

coagulation?
a. Vitamin K
b. Calcium ions
c. Christmas factor [Factor IX (or Christmas factor) is one of the protein required for blood
coagulation
d. All of the above
71. Saffron is obtained from which among the following parts of the plant?
a. Stigma
b. Anther
c. Stamen
d. Pollen
72. Dietary intake of Iodine is essential for normal functioning of Thyroid gland. Which among the
following is considered to be naturally rich in Iodine?
a. Table salt
b. Sea food
c. Dairy products
d. All of the above
73. Some plants are carnivorous due to their adaptation to grow in places where the soil is thin or
poor in nutrients, especially nitrogen. In this context consider the following plants
a. Utricularia – Bladderwort
b. Nepenthes – Pitcher plant
c. Dionaea – Venus fly trap
Which of the above plant (s) is/ are carnivorous?
a. Only b
b. Only a & b
c. Only b & c
d. a, b & c

74. The word ‘ecology’ (okologie) was coined in 1866 by
a. Charles Darwin
b. Robert Whittaker
c. Arthur Tansley
d. Ernst Haeckal
75. The highest per capital emitter of carbon dioxide in the world is.
a. India
b. Qatar
c. Saudi Arabia
d. China
76. Which one of the following is a useful biological indicator of sulphur – dioxide pollution?
a. Bryophytes
b. Algal blooms
c. Pseudomonas
d. Lichens
77. Which among the following is the first national park of India?
a. Bandipur
b. Corbett
c. Periyar
d. Keoladeo
78. Which among the following is rich in Ozone?

a. Stratosphere
b. Mesosphere
c. Ionosphere
d. Troposphere
79. Which among the following is Quick lime?

a. Ca O
b. Ca (OH)2
c. KOH
d. CaCO3
80. Which among the following is also known as white gold?

a. Nickel
b. Rhodium
c. Platinum
d. Palladium

81. Rust on iron is basically a
a. Sulphide
b. Chloride
c. Nitride
d. Oxide
82. A metal which can be extracted from Haematite.

a. Manganese
b. Cadmium
c. Iron
d. Tin
83. An alloy is
a. Compound with three elements
b. Compound with mercury as a compulsory element
c. Element in impure form
d. Mixture of metals/ Mixture of metals & another element
84. The charge on the electron was discovered by

(He won the noble prize in physics in 1923)
a. J.J Thomson
b. Millikan
c. Faraday
d. Fermi
85. The atomic theory was given by

a. James Chadwick
b. E- Rutherford
c. John Dalton
d. J.J Thomson
86. Who wrote the book ‘The Origin of Species’?

a. Louis Pasteur
b. Charles Darwin
c. Sir Alexander Flemming
d. Stephen Hawking
87. The total number of bones in human body is

a. 216
b. 260
c. 206
d. 296

88. On the Fahrenheit scale, the boiling point of water is
a. O0 F
b. 100oF
c. 212o F
d. 312oF
89. The SI Unit of temperature is

a. oC
b. oF
c. K
d. Hz
90. Sodium was discovered by

a. Hans Christian
b. Alexander Fleming
c. Sir Humphry Davy
d. Wilhelm K Roentagen
91. Laws of Heredity were given by

a. Karl Wilheim Scheele
b. Sir Humphry Davy
c. Gregor Mendel
d. Christian Barnard
92. Laws of Planetary motion were given by

a. Sir Fredrick Frant Banting
b. Michael Faraday
c. Johannes Kepler
d. George Saw.
93. Quinine is used for

a. Curing Malaria
b. Curing AIDS
c. Curing Typhoid
d. Removing pimples
94. The Heaviest bird of prey is

a. Steller’s Sea Eagle
b. Philippine Eagle
c. Eurasian Eagle Owl
d. Bearded Vulture

95. The new bird species found in north eastern India and adjacent parts of China
a. The Himalayan Forest Bulbul
b. The Himalayan Forest Thrush
c. The Himalayan Forest Bustard
d. The Himalayan Forest Sparrow
96. Largest (in number) carnivore on land

a. Lion
b. Tiger
c. Panther
d. Polar – bear
97. Which food stuff turns blue-black when brought in contact with iodine?
a. Vitamins
b. Starch
c. Proteins
d. Glucose
98. In the Bollywood movie ‘Black’, Amitabh Bachchan suffers from

a. Blindness
b. Alzheimer’s Disease
c. Parkinson’s Disease
d. Colitis
99. Which place became more famous after ‘Avatar’ movie?

a. Tianzi Mountains
b. K2
c. Mount Gongga
d. Mount Hua
100. Crescograph, a device for measuring growth in plants was invented by

a. Jagadish Chandra Bose
b. Satyendra Nath Bose
c. Jayant Narlikar
d. Meghnad Saha
101. To measure hardness of minerals, which scale is used

a. Kelvin
b. Richter
c. Mohs
d. Mercalle

102. Where is the Indian Institute of Science situated?
a. New Delhi
b. Ahmedabad
c. Bengaluru
d. Bhubaneshwar
103. Which colour is at the centre of Rainbow ?

a. Red
b. Yellow
c. Green
d. Violet
104. The world Haemophilia Day is observed on

a. April 16
b. April 17
c. April 15
d. April 18
105. What is ‘doda post’, which has been frequently making news?
a. A mammal species that has been recently declared extract
b. A drug made of poppy husk
c. A bacterium species capable of breaking down plastic
d. A space probe built by the Indian Space Research Organization.
106. ‘Mission Bhagiratha’ is the prestigious water grid project in which state of India?
a. Telangana
b. Uttarakhand
c. Bihar
d. Uttar Pradesh
107. Who among the following is popularly known as ‘krishi ka Rishi’?

a. Subhash Palekar
b. M.S. Swaminathan
c. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
d. Norman Ernest Borlaug
108. Bedaquiline, a newly launched vaccine by Health Ministry is related with the treatment of which
disease?
a. Zika virus disease
b. Tuberculosis
c. Ebola virus disease
d. Swine flu

109. Anemophily is pollination by
a. Birds
b. Wind
c. Ants
d. Bats
110. Which among the following statement (s) is/are correct regarding the technique of ‘Tissue
culture’?
a. It sometimes involves manipulation at the genetic level
b. It is useful in conserving endangered species
c. It has vast potential in obtaining disease free plant material
d. All of the above
**************************

INVENTIONS & DISCOVERIES
Q.1 He was the first known physician to describe completely and in detail the systemic circulation.
Ans. William Harvey
Q.2 He was the one who suggested that computers do not need separate storage for data and
instructions.
Ans. John Von Neumann
Q.3 He is most known for his discovery of the four most massive moons of Jupiter.
Ans. Galileo Galilei
Q.4 He was an Italian scientist most noted for his contribution to molecular theory.
Ans. Amedeo Avogadro
Q.5 He postulated the wave nature of electrons and suggested that all matter has wave properties.
Ans. Louis de Broglie
Q.6 He was best known for developing Coulomb’s law, the definition of the electrostatic force of
attraction and repulsion and friction.
Ans. Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
Q.7 He was an American evolutionary biologist, geneticist, embryologist, and science author who won
the Nobel Prize in physiology and Medicine in 1933 for discoveries elucidating the role that the
chromosome plays in heredity.
Ans. Thomas Hunt Morgan
Q.8 He was a German scientist who worked in the field of hematology, immunology and chemotherapy.
Ans. Paul Ehrlich
Q.9 He was British physicist who is known as the father of nuclear physics.
Ans. Ernest Rutherford
Q.10 He was an Indian scientist who synthesized Urea Stibamine in 1922 and determined that it was
effective in the treatment of Kala-azar.
Ans. Sir Upendranath Brahmachari
Q.11 He was a German biologist, naturalist, philosopher, physician, professor, marine biologist who
gave the Biogenetic Principle.

Ans. Ernst Haekel
Q.12 He was an Australian physicist who explained that how properties of atoms determine the physical
properties of matter.
Ans. Ludwig Boltzmann
Q.13 He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918 for the discovery of energy quanta.
Ans Max Planck
Q.14 She gave the Symbiosis Theory which explains the significance of symbiosis in evolution.
Ans. Lynn Margulis
Q.15 He was a Russian chemist and inventor who formulated ‘The Periodic Law’.
Ans. Dmitri Mendeleev
Q.16 He introduced the term ‘cell’ in biology & helped to improve the design of the compound
microscope.
Ans: Robert Hooke
Q.17 He discovered protozoa & became the first person to observe bacteria.
Ans: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
Q.18 He formulated laws of motion & the law of gravitation. He also discovered that light is
made up of spectrum of colours.
Ans: Issac Newton
Q.19 He studied the relationship between sound waves & vibrations and suggested the term ‘acoustics’
for the science of sound.
Ans: Joseph Sauveur
Q.20 He discovered Potassium, Sodium, Magnesium, Barium, Calcium & Strontium.
Ans. Humphry Davy
Q.21 He investigated how force causes acceleration and discovered the properties of the pendulum. He
was the first person to study the sky, using a telescope. He was the first to see the satellites of
jupiter.
Ans. Galileo Galilei
Q.22 He published ‘Origin of Species’, which explains the theory of evolution.
Ans: Charles Darwin

Q.23 He discovered the role of acids in food digestion .He found that reflex actions can be conditioned
and are not just in-built.
Ans: Ivan Pavlov
Q.24 He stated that energy consists of small units called ‘ quanta’. This led to the theory that light acts
as both a wave and particle.
Ans: Max Planck
Q.25 He proposed ‘ Gaia ‘ theory of the living planet. He suggested that the Earth is a living, self-
regulating organism that adjusts itself so that life will continue with or without humans.
Ans: James Lovelock
Q.26 He stated that all living things are made from cells. He also observed that single egg- cells grow
into organisms.
Ans: Theodor Schwann
Q.27 He discovered infra-red waves ( an invisible form of electromagnetic wave ). He also discovered
Uranus and hundreds of stars and nebulae.
Ans: William Herschel
Q.28 He was a French chemist and a microbiologist who invented pasteurisation and developed the
vaccines for anthrax and rabies.
Ans: Louis Pasteur
Q.29 A Scottish bacteriologist who won the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine and discovered the Penicillin.
Ans: Alexander Fleming
Q.30 A British surgeon who is regarded as the founder of the antiseptic medicine.
Ans: Joseph Lister

NOTABLE INVENTIONS & DISCOVERIES
S.N. Discovery/Invention Name of the Scientist/person

1 Deuterium (Heavy Water) H.C Urey
2 Lightning Conductor, Bifocal lens Benjamin Franklin
3 Vitamins Casimir Funk
4 Barometer Evangelista Torricelli
5 Cycloton Lawrence
6 Stethoscope Dr.William Stokes, Rene Laennec
7 Oxygen Joseph Priestley
8 Bakelite Leo H Baekeland
9 Clock (pendulum) C Hugyens
10 Blood Transfusion Landsteiner
11 Transformer Michael Faraday
12 Steam Engine (piston) Thomas Newcome
13 Malarial Parasite Ronald Ross
14 Seismograph Roberts Mallet
15 Mercury Thermometer Fahrenheit
16 Gramophone Thomas Edison
17 Proton Ernest Rutherford
18 Atomic Theory John Dalton
19 Solar System Nicolaus Copernicus
20 Insulin Sir Frederick G. Banting
21 Structure of DNA James Watson
22 Dynamite Alfred Nobel
23 Laws of Heredity Gregor Mendel
24 Plant respiration & photosynthesis Jan Ingenhousz
25 Radioactivity Wilhelm k. Roentgen
26 Richter Scale Charles F Richter
27 Xerography Chester Carlson
28 Polio vaccine Jonas Salk
29 Human Heart Transplant Christiaan Neethling Barnard
30 Nylon Wallace Hume Carothers
**************************

REASONING QUESTIONS
Q1. Why does a swimming pool seem less deep than it really is?
Ans. Rays of light are reflected from the bottom of the pool. As they pass from a denser
medium (water) to a less dense medium (air) the light rays bend outwards. The image
that we see, of the bottom of the pool, is thus a little closer than it really is. This
phenomenon is refraction of light.
Q2. A needle sinks in water but a huge ship does not. Why?
Ans. The bottom of the ship is broad and hollow which is filled with air. So it displaces water equal
to its weight and hence keeps floating. A needle is heavier than the weight of the water it
displaces and so it sinks.
Q3. Why do we fall forward when the bus slows down suddenly?
Ans. This happens as the lower portion of our body which is in contact with the seat stops at the
same time as the bus. But the upper part of our body continues to be in a state of motion and is
thrown forward.
Q4. Vultures eat rotten flesh and still do not suffer from food poisoning. Why?
Ans. Vultures eat rotten meat which is infected by pathogens but they do not suffer from food
poisoning as they have extremely acidic stomach. With the stomach acid near zero pH, vulture
guts are almost ten times more acidic than other carnivorous birds like hawks. The extreme
acid destroys most bacteria and other pathogens and parasites before they reach the vultures’
intestines. Beside this they have an extremely powerful immune system with the ability to fight
off the commonly ingested microbes.
Q5. Why are racing cycles made of very light material?

Ans. The lighter the object, the lower is its inertia (tendency to remain in motion until stopped).
Light material is used in racing cycles to cut inertia to a minimum. This allows the cyclists to
accelerate or brake suddenly.
Q6. Why is the sun yellowish-orange in colour during dusk or dawn?

Ans. The light from the sun is a mixture of all colours, which to the human eye appears as white.
However the earth’s atmosphere causes colours contained within the light of the sun to scatter
in different directions. During dusk and dawn the sun rays travel longer in the atmosphere
thus the lower wavelength colours from violet to green are thus scattered out, leaving the other
colours which make the sun appear yellowish-orange.
Q7. Why do onions bring tears?

Ans. Onions contain a number of water-soluble volatile substances containing sulphur. When an
onion is cut, these substances quickly spread into the air and cause irritation in our eyes. The
tear glands start secreting more and more tears to wash out these irritants. The tears are
produced so rapidly that they run down the eyes.

Q8. Why aeroplanes in flight are generally not affected when lightning strikes?
Ans. When lightning strikes a tree or some other structure on the ground, the top of the structure
gets charged with high voltage while the lower portion (in touch with the ground) remains at
zero voltage. The high potential difference sets off a very high current in the structure,
causing a sudden heat generation in the material and its subsequent destruction.
If an aeroplane in flight gets hit by lightning, the plane’s entire surface acquires the same
high potential and as there is no potential difference, there is no current and so no
destruction.
Q9. Rainbows are seen after the rains. Why?

Ans. Rainbows are seen after the rains because the atmosphere is rich in moisture. The water
droplets act as tiny prisms through which the white light of the sun is dispersed, causing a
visible spectrum of colours to be formed.
Q10. Why does an astronaut wear a spacesuit?

Ans. An astronaut wears a space suit because it protects him from extremely low pressure, low
temperature and solar radiation in the space. It is made up of several layers of strong synthetic
materials including teflon and nylon. The intense solar radiation is reflected by a white plastic
layer which has a metallic coating. The back pack carries water both for drinking and to keep
the astronaut cool. Water flows through the pipes in the astronaut’s suit and carries away the
body heat. The spacesuit also carries a two way communication system to let the astronaut
speak to the other astronaut’s or scientists.
Q11. Why do we see a rainbow always in the direction opposite the sun?
Ans. After the rain, some tiny droplets of water remain hanging in the air. When the rays of the sun
strike on these tiny droplets of water, they scatter sunlight into seven colours which is reflected
back. That is why we always see a rainbow in the direction opposite to the sun.
Q12. Why do humans get a little taller in space?

Ans. Humans get a little taller in space because there is no gravity pulling them down. However
when you are back on earth, you lose that extra height.
Q13. Why do we have hiccups?

Ans. A hiccup is a sudden repeated stopping of a breath usually caused by eating or drinking too
fast. The moving of the diaphragm (below the lungs) pushes air in and out of the lungs. When
the rhythm of the diaphragm is ‘off’, incoming air pumps against the flap at the back of the
throat and produces a ‘hoc’ sound.
Q14. Why do we get fever?

Ans. Fever is actually caused by infection. It makes the whole body work faster to destroy the germs
better or to supply more blood to the much injured part. Fever uses the store of proteins in our
body. So the doctors give medicine to remove fever and proper medicines and diet is required
by the body for destroying the germs and repairing the body parts.

Q15. It is advised to include different coloured fruits and vegetables in your daily diet. Why?
Ans. The different colours in fruits and vegetables have different vital nutrients. They help our
immune system to react to different stresses in our daily life. A diet high in colourful fruits
and vegetables has been shown to provide many benefits to your overall health. So be careful
to include a lot of different colours in your diet.
Q16. Why do people living at different places have skin of different colour?
Ans. There are pigment cells in the lowest layer of the skin. These cells produce a dark pigment
called melanin. It is melanin that gives the skin its colour. At places close to the equator, UV
rays from the sun are stronger, so more melanin is produced in the human body and the skin
looks darker. People living far from the equator or at high altitudes produce less melanin, so
their skin is lighter in colour.
Q17. Why should we not watch television in a dark room?

Ans. The television screen throws out high intensity light. Besides, the intensity of this light keeps
changing very fast. Our eyes have to adjust constantly to this varying intensity by opening
wide and narrowing of the iris and this constantly caused eye strain.
In a lighted room, the intensity of the television image is only a little brighter than the
surrounding light. So viewing is easier. But in a darkened room, the TV screen being the only
source of light, the strain on the eyes is much greater. Hence, it is advisable to view television
programmes only in a suitably lighted room.
Q18. Dew is not formed on cloudy nights. Why?

Ans. On a clear day, water evaporates from the warm ground into the atmosphere. When night
falls, the ground radiates the day’s warmth into the skies. The ground becomes much cooler,
causing the water vapour to condense. This condensed vapour is dew. On a cloudy night, the
clouds send the heat back to the ground so the ground never gets cold enough for the dew to
be formed.
Q19. Why has nature given us two eyes when we can see with one eye also?
Ans. Our two eyes view an object from approximately the same height but from slightly different
horizontal angles. This makes the object appear in three dimensions, giving the brain a feeling
of depth. This ability to get a feel of depth also helps us to judge distances and to get a fairly
reliable idea of how far an object is, which is essential for doing our daily work efficiently.
Q20. Why does the windscreen of a car get foggy on the inside when you are driving through heavy
rains?
Ans. While the rain is lashing on the windscreen, some of the water on it evaporates in the wind.
This makes the glass cooler. The air in contact with the windscreen inside the car becomes
cooled and the water vapour in it condenses on the glass, making it foggy.

Q21. A hill station is closer to the Sun than a town on the plains, yet one feels cooler there than on the
plains. Why is that?
Ans. Lower pressure at higher altitudes causes the temperature to be colder on top of a
mountain than at sea level. As air rises, the pressure decreases. It is this lower pressure at
higher altitudes that causes the temperature to be colder on top of a mountain than at
sea level / plains.
Q22. Why are stars round in shape?

Ans. Stars are made up of gaseous matter which is held together by the force of gravity. As the
force of gravity pulls towards the centre and pulls equally in all directions, the stars take on
round shape.
Q23. How come the birds sitting on power lines do not get electrocuted?
Ans. They do not get electrocuted because they are not touching anything directly connected to the
ground. An electric current will flow only if an electric circuit is completed. If a bird sitting on
a wire touches an overhanging branch of a tree, it will complete the circuit (unless the
feathers act as an insulator) and will get electrocuted.
Q24. Why is the fridge difficult to open immediately after it has been closed?
Ans. When you open the fridge, the warm air from outside rushes in. When you close the door the
warm air cools and contracts creating a temporary vacuum that keeps the door stuck to the
fridge. The vacuum effect lasts only for seconds. So you can open the door comfortably again.
Q25. Biscuits remain crisp in frost free refrigerators. Why?

Ans. When kept in open biscuits absorb moisture from the air and so, lose their crispness. They
retain their crispness if kept in the fridge because the air in the fridge, though very much
cooler than the outside air is devoid of moisture as water molecules in the air inside condense
on cooling coils of the fridge So, the dryness of the air inside keeps the biscuits crisp.
Q26. Why are seaweeds added to the ice cream?

Ans. Seaweeds provide ingredients called alginates and carrageenans, which are used in ice cream
as stabilizers so that ice cream does not become ‘grainy’ in the freezer. Stabilizers slow the
growth of ice crystals in the freezer by forming a protective layer around them, so the ice
cream retains its smooth texture.
Q27. Why are X rays used to scan luggage at the airports?

Ans. X rays compared to other electromagnetic waves have lower wave length and hence higher
frequency so these hard X rays are capable of penetrating to higher depth due to higher
intensity.
Q28. Why do identical twins mostly think alike?

Ans. The genes we inherit from our parents influence our psychological characteristics- things like
our intelligence and memory ability. Identical twins who share all the same genes do think
more alike than unrelated people. The identical twins arise from a single fertilized egg.
Q29. Why do the tea bags do not come apart when hot boiling water is poured over it?
Ans. The net like filter paper that forms the tea bag has holes big enough to let the boiling water enter
into the bag. Tea bag is made from two strong fibres- manila hemp, along natural strong fibre,
and thermoplastic fibres, to seal the bag. The tea bag paper thus formed using these two fibres
has a melting point higher than 2120F.
Q30. Why are gases invisible?

Ans . Actually, gases aren’t invisible: many are quite brightly colored. For e.g. nitrogen dioxide is
reddish brown, iodine is vivid purple. Other gases in the atmosphere also absorb light but at
ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths that we can’t see.
Q31. Why are physical activities like dancing, playing etc. good for the body?
Ans . Any intense physical activity like dancing, playing,etc. releases endorphins the feel good, pain
relieving brain chemicals. They are responsible for the so-called ‘Runner’s high’.
Q32. Why food can be cooked inside the microwave oven without heating the plate?
Ans. Microwaves can cook the food rapidly by making the water molecules in the food vibrate at
almost 2500 million times a second. This action absorbs energy from the magnetic field and
heats the food. As all energy is absorbed by the food so it is not wasted on heating the
surrounding. Even the materials like such as china and glass do not absorb energy from
magnetic field.
Q33. Why are paper thin bulbs so strong?

Ans Light bulbs like eggs have a rounded shape over the whole surface. When you grip a bulb, the
force you apply is transmitted in all the directions away from the point of contact by the curve
of the glass. The result in the force being distributed over a wide area and no excessive stress
being set up at any one point.
Q34. Why does food get cooked faster in a pressure cooker rather than a saucepan?
Ans. In the saucepan water boils at 100oC and the temperature never goes higher no matter how
much the saucepan is heated. It just turns into steam. But pressure cooker has a sealed lid, so
steam produced builds the pressure inside. As the pressure rises, so does the boiling point of
the water (1210C). The temperature in the pressure cooker is therefore increased, which
reduces the time needed to cook the food.
Q35. Why does food kept in a refrigerator for a longer time becomes spoilt but not in a deep freezer?
Ans . In a domestic refrigerator the temperature is kept between 1 and 5oC. This is low enough to
keep most of the food fresh for up to a week. Growth of decay causing organisms is slowed
down but low temperatures do not destroy the organisms. Similarly, chemical breakdown is
also slowed but not stopped completely – so the food spoils. The temperature in a deep freezer
is normally about -18C which will preserve the food for anything from a month to an year.

Q36. Why don’t you fall out when a roller coaster loops the loop?
Ans . On roller coaster rides the inertia created can be stronger than gravity, so even when the people
are upside down there is no chance of anyone falling out. It is the law of physics that once the
object has been set in motion by the application of a force, it will continue moving in a straight
line until it is halted or diverted by another force. The object’s reluctance to change its motion
is called inertia. Therefore, when you are in an upside-down loop, although the gravity is
pulling you downwards, the force of acceleration due to the motion of the roller coaster is
much more stronger than the force of gravity.
Q37. Why do hard boiled eggs sometimes get a grey ring around the yolk?
Ans. Egg white is 92 percent water with a mixture of around 148 different proteins. At room
temperature these proteins are held in a complex 3D globular structure by sulphur bonds
between the amino acids in the protein chain. When the egg cooks, the heat causes the
sulphur bonds to come undone so each protein molecule unravels and gets tangled up with its
neighbours in a solid mass. But above 70oC the sulphur also forms hydrogen sulphide that
reacts with iron in the egg yolk to form iron sulphide and this gives a greenish grey colour.
Q38. Why firewalkers can walk barefoot over red hot stones without burning their feet?
Ans .Scientists believe before firewalking the firewalkers walk over damp grass beforehand. It
provides temporary protection through a phenomenon that accounts for surprising amount of
time a drop of water bounces over a hot griddle before evaporating. The bottom of the drop
vaporizes, providing a brief insulation of vapour between the drop and the griddle. The
dampness of the firewalkers feet could have a similar effect. Secondly, the time of contact of
the feet with burning stones is also very minimal.
Q39. Why are soap bubbles created by when you blow soap solution using bubble wand?
Ans. A soap bubble is created as detergents reduce the surface tension of the water. Pure water
molecules attract each other and will always pull together to form a droplet rather than a film.
Detergent molecules reduce the attraction between them but the water molecules retain
enough attractive force to create a film. When a child blows a bubble, the film stretches and
forms a bubble.
Q40. Why selective weed killers do not destroy crops?

Ans . The weed killers are selective. Some weed killers have little effect on the narrow, erect leaves as
they deflect most of the droplets compared to broad, horizontal leaves which take larger doses
of weedicides and wither. Some weed killers destroy a weed by exploiting its growth system.
They use chemicals that stimulate the weed’s hormones to trigger off such rapid growth that
the plants exhaust themselves and soon die.
Q41. How antibiotics selectively kill bacteria but not human cells?
Ans . Some antibiotics like penicillin interferes with the structure of bacterial cell walls as the
bacteria are reproducing, so that the cell contents leak out and the bacteria dies. Other
antibiotics poison the parts of the bacteria that make the proteins they need in order to
reproduce i.e. interfere with the metabolic pathways. Some other antibiotics interfere with the
genetic codes in the bacteria this stop them from multiplying.
Q42. Why is honey a good antiseptic?

Ans . Honey is a good antiseptic as the high sugar content dehydrates the microbes, thus killing
them. Hospitals sometimes use honey soaked dressings to prevent large wounds getting
infected.
Q43. Why is that the human organs or the stem cells stored or preserved using cryogenic technology?
Ans. Cryogenic technology is the technology of producing very cold temperatures using liquid
nitrogen, colder than anything naturally occurring on the surface of the earth.
Q44. Why does a spinning ball take a curve in the air?

Ans . As a spinning ball passes through the air, it drags the air around itself in the direction of the
spin. The air moving past the ball is also speeded up on one side and slowed down on the
other. Since air moving faster exerts less pressure the air on the opposite side of the ball is at
relatively greater pressure. It is the difference in pressure that produces the force which
causes the ball to curve.
Q45. Why do fossil fuels have high carbon content?

Ans. Fossil fuels such as coal, oils like petrol etc and gases such as methane are produced by the
decomposition of dead animals and plants over long periods of time under conditions of high
pressure and heat. Because the plants and animals contain high percentage of carbon, so
upon their decomposition the resulting compounds thus formed also contain carbon.
Q46. Why is sun able to produce very high temperature and light?
Ans . The core of the sun is very hot and there is high pressure, nuclear fusion takes place, i.e
hydrogen is changed to helium. Nuclear fusion creates heat and photons (light).The sun’s
surface is about 10,3400F.
Q47. Why is neon gas used in glow signs or create pictures and words with light?
Ans . To create neon light, the electricity is applied to the ends of a glass tube filled with neon.
Atomic particles called electrons stream from one end of the tube to the other and on their way
they collide with the atoms of neon. As the result of the collision, the electrons orbiting within
the neon atoms are knocked out of their orbit. They acquire extra energy from the impacts,
just as a billiard ball acquires energy when struck by another. As they return to their original
orbit, they give out their surplus energy in form of electromagnetic radiation.
Q48. How do surgeons conduct bloodless surgery with just a beam of light?
Ans . All laser surgery work on the principle of passing light down an optical fibre. The beam is a
form of light which carries a great deal of energy. The energy is absorbed by the tissues of the

growth or the tissues to be removed, which become hot. By controlling the heat intensity,
doctors can burn off- literally vaporize- unwanted cells like cancer cells. Another use of laser
beams is to heat tissues sufficiently to ‘weld’ them together- to stop blood vessels bleeding.
Q49. Why does ordinary steel rust whereas stainless steel does not?
Ans . Ordinary steel rusts because it reacts easily with oxygen in the air to produce crumbly red iron
oxides. Other metals such as aluminium, nickel and chromium also react in the same way but
their oxides form an impermeable surface layer, stopping oxygen reacting with the metal
underneath.
Q50. Why does diamond sparkle?

Ans . When the diamonds are cut the angles are precisely calculated so that the light entering the
diamond is totally reflected internally and emerges again from the top. Diamond has high
refractive index means the extent to which it bends the light entering it is high. So with proper
cutting all the light can be reflected.
Q51. Why does our mouth feel cold when we chew anything containing mint?
Ans. Mint contains peppermint which has menthol. When menthol comes in contact with the
inner surface of our mouth it absorbs the heat from the surface and vaporizes, cooling
our mouth.
Q52. Some birds have a wide field of vision. Why?

Ans. The eyes of most birds are on the sides of their heads which allows them to see things on each
side at the same time and also in front. This is called monocular vision and it allows them to have a
wide vision field.
Q53. Why does oil rise on a wick of an oil lantern?

Ans. This happens as the pores in the wick suck oil due to the capillary action of oil.
Q54. Why do stars twinkle?

Ans. The stars do not twinkle but appear to do so in the night because of the effects of the
atmosphere. When starlight enters the atmosphere it is affected by winds and variations in
temperature and densities. This continuing disturbance makes the stars’ light inconsistent.
Thus they appear to twinkle.
Q55. Why does a cricket ball swing?

Ans. Bowlers keep rubbing and polishing one side of the ball. They do this to maintain the shine on
one side and keep the other side rough. The shiny side provides little resistance to the wind
while the rough side shows resistance to wind. When the bowler delivers the ball, the fast
moving wind on the shiny side hits the seam of the ball and pushes the ball in the opposite
direction, thus making the ball swing.

Q56. A train stops when the chain is pulled. Why?
Ans. In the train the brakes are governed by the vacuum system. When the train is pulled, the
vacuum is removed and the air rushes into the pipes. The air which so enters, exerts pressure
on the brakes which jam the wheels and the train stops.
Q57. Why does a layer form on tea or milk when it is kept out for a while?
Ans. Milk is a mixture of various substances. The fat or the crème in the milk tends to separate and
form a skin at the top as it is lighter in weight. A layer is also formed when milk is added to tea
and the mixture is allowed to cool.
Q58. It is easier to lift a heavy stone in water than in air. Why?

Ans. It happens due to buoyant force which acts in water. Buoyant force is an upward force which
acts on an object immersed in a liquid. It seems easy to lift a heavy stone in water because the
water itself pushes against the stone helping us to lift it with much ease than we could do it on
land where there is no buoyant force acting on the stone.
Q59. The flame of a candle is pointed at the top. Why?

Ans. Gravity plays a role in giving candle flame its shape. As the candle burns, the hot air from the
top of the candle rises. It is replaced by the cooler air from below. This air rises up around the
candle setting convection current which gives the flame a vertically elongated shape.
Q60. A bulb becomes hot after it is switched on for some time whereas a tube light does not. Why?
Ans. An electric bulb uses tungsten filament which glows at high temperatures to give light and so
becomes hot. In the other case, the tube light uses mercury vapour, which glows at slightly
above room temperature and remains cooler.
Q61. A piece of chalk emits bubbles when immersed in water. Why?

Ans. Chalk consists of pores forming capillaries. When it is immersed in water, the water begins to
rise in the capillaries and air present there is expelled in the form of bubbles.
Q62. Why do we perspire more before it rains?

Ans. It can be observed that people sweat more before heavy rain. The reason for this is that when
the climate is hot, the sweat gets evaporated easily. Before heavy rain, humidity in weather
increases, the atmosphere gets saturated with water and we need to sweat more to cool our
body. Moreover the sweat does not get evaporated and stays on the skin.
Q63. Why does a ball bounce upon falling?

Ans. When a ball falls, it is temporarily deformed. Due to elasticity, the ball tends to regain its
original shape, for which it presses the ground and bounces up. (Newton’s third law of
motion)

Q64. If a feather, a wooden ball and a steel ball fall simultaneously in vacuum, which one of these will
fall faster and why?
Ans. All will fall at the same rate in vacuum because there will be no air resistance and all of them
have equal acceleration due to earth’s gravity.
Q65. The word ‘AMBULANCE’ is written inverted in front of an ambulance. Why?

Ans. The word is written inverted because the driver in front of the ambulance, who sees the vehicle
in his/her rear view mirror, sees a laterally inverted image of the word and so reads it correctly
and can give way to the ambulance.
Q66. We find it difficult to walk on a very smooth floor. Why?

Ans. This is because of friction. The smoother a surface the lesser is the friction . The friction
between the smooth floor and the soles of our shoes is very less so we tend to slip and find it
difficult to walk on it.
Q67. Why do we yawn?

Ans. When we are tired our lungs and the rest of our respiratory system slows down until there is
too little air in our lungs. Our body then sets off a spasm in the muscles of our mouth, throat
and chest. This forces us to take a deep breath of air (yawn) to take in more air in our lungs.
Q68. Empty rooms are noisier than those which are fully furnished. Why?
Ans. Sound travels in form of waves through molecules of air. When sound waves travel in a
furnished room it is absorbed by furniture’s, wall, carpet, curtains, etc., hence sound does not
get reflected. However in an empty room absorption of sound is minimum.
Q69. Why does our stomach growl when we are hungry?

Ans. Our stomach growls when the walls of our stomach squeeze together in an attempt to mix and
digest food but there is no food there. Gases and digestive juices splash around in the empty
stomach and we hear a growling noise. Sometimes the stomach also growls in an attempt to
digest the food eaten by us.
Q70. There is a small elevated mark on the alphabets F and J on the computer keyboard and
sometimes on the buttons of telephones, number 5 key has an elevated mark. Give reason.
Ans. The bumps or nipples found on the F and J keys on the keyboard helps users correctly
position their left and right hand on the keyboard without having to look at the keyboard.
These keys are referred to as the home row. Example without looking at your keyboard you
should be able to feel the keyboard and correctly position your left index finger on the F and
the right index finger on the J. From this position, you should be able to locate the remainder
of the keys on the keyboard.
Q71. Water from a hand pump is cool in summers and warm in winters. Why?
Ans. Temperature of underground water remains constant as earth crust is poor conductor of heat.
However due to ambient effect we feel the difference.

Q72. Why does a partially filled fountain pen leak at higher altitudes?
Ans. As we go higher up, the pressure and density of air goes on decreasing. A partially filled pen
leaks when taken to a higher altitude because of the pressure of the air acting on the ink
inside the tube of the pen is greater than the pressure of air outside which exerts a force on the
ink and causes it to flow out of the pen and leak.
Q73. Green leaves do not burn easily while dry leaves catch fire easily. Why?
Ans. Green leaves have a lot of moisture in them. This moisture does not allow the green leaf to
catch fire easily. The heat given to the green leaf is used up by the moisture present in it to
evaporate so it does not reach its ignition temperature and does not catch fire. The dry leaves
on the other hand do not have any moisture so they reach their ignition temperature faster
and burn easily.
Q74. A tumbler is filled to the brim and a piece of ice is placed in it. When the ice melts, will the
tumbler overflow? Give a reason for your answer.
Ans. The tumbler will not overflow. The level of water in the tumbler remains unchanged because
the volume of water produced by the melting ice is exactly the same as that of the piece of ice.
So, the water from the tumbler will not overflow.
Q75. Why should we refrigerate candles before burning them?

Ans. Refrigerating a candle for an hour or two prior to burning will chill the wax and help it burn
more slowly, therefore helping the candle last longer.
Q76. What is electrolysis?

Ans. It is the process in which electric current is passed through a liquid, causing a chemical
decomposition of the electrolyte to take place.
Q77. Why are metals used for making bells?

Ans. Metals are sonorous and produce a ringing sound when being struck by an object. So they are
ideal for making bells.
Q78. Movies that we see are separate still pictures shot with a movie camera. But we see a moving
picture on screen in the theatre. How?
Ans. This is because of persistence of vision. The image of an object seen by the eyes remains on
the retina for about 1/16th of a second even after the object has disappeared from our view.
The movies which we see are still pictures taken in a proper sequence with the movie camera.
These still pictures are projected on the screen of the cinema hall with a projector at the rate
of 24 pictures per second which is faster than 16 pictures per second. So the image of one
picture persists on the retina till the image of next picture falls on screen and so on. Due to
this the slightly different images on the successive pictures present on the film merge smoothly
and give us the feeling of a movie.

Q79. Why do wood peckers peck trees?
Ans. Woodpeckers look for insects inside the worn out bark of a tree. As the insects are hidden deep
inside, a wood pecker uses its chisel-edged beak to drill holes to reach them.
Q80. When a bullet is fired at a glass window pane, a hole is forms but when we throw a stone of the
same size, the glass breaks. Why?
Ans. The bullet hits the window pane at a very high speed due to which a hole is formed before
enough time is spent to have that force transferred to the other parts of the glass. In the other
case, when we throw a stone, due to the slow impact energy gets transferred to other parts of
the glass and the glass cracks.
Q81. Why has rainfall been reduced in Cherrapunji?

Ans: Due to Deforestation
Q82. Why is the upper end of lighting conductor fragmented into several strips?
Ans: When lightning strikes then some of the spikes may melt because of excess heat .Thus extra
spikes are provided for the safety purpose.
Q83. Why are tyres of heavy trucks made broader?

Ans: To distribute the pressure over a larger surface area.
Q84. Why gas burners do not use a wick?

Ans: As the fuel is already in gaseous state, there is no vaporization needed, whereas, in oil lamps
of candle, fuel is in liquid /solid state. It needs to get vaporized first so the wick is needed.
Q85. A suction pump does not stick on a rough surface?

Ans: Smooth surfaces expel most of the air with very little still left inside the cup. Rough surfaces
do not fully expel air from the sucker. Air pressure inside is almost equal to outside. So sucker does
not fit on rough surface.
Q86. Why is there water in tender coconut?

Ans: Seeds of all plants contain endosperm. In coconut this endosperm is liquid and as the coconut
matures this endosperm is utilized by embryo and coconut becomes dry.
Q87. Why are ceramic tiles stuck to the nose of space shuttle?
Ans: As the space shuttle enters earth’s atmosphere, it s temperature increases due to air friction.
So to protect it from burning up, it has tiles fitted on its nose.
Q88. Women are advised not to wear high heeled shoes. Why?
Ans: When women wear high heeled shoes, the pressure is exerted over a smaller area of their feet,
leading to bone deformity or back ache.
Q89. An owl can see in complete darkness, but we cannot. Why?

Ans: An owl’s eye has a large number of rods and very few cones besides it has a large
cornea and a large pupil which allows more light to enter.

Q90. Why do copper vessels turn green with passage of time?
Ans: Copper metal reacts with the atmospheric gases like Oxygen and Carbondioxide to form
CuCO3 which is green in colour (Formation of basic copper carbonate..)
Q91. Why dams are made thicker and stronger at the bottom than the top?
Ans: The pressure of water increases with depth. To cope with this increasing pressure, the base is
made broader.
Q92. Skiers use long flat skies to slide over snow. Why?
Ans: It distributes the pressure due to the weight of the body to a larger surface area .
Q93. Why is nylon used in making climbing ropes?

Ans: Nylon is a synthetic fibre and has high tensile strength, so it can bear the weight of the climber
without breaking .
Q94. Why are LEDs being used in most electric testers?

Ans: It takes least amount of current to glow.
Q95. Why does a drop of water stick to glass surface?

Ans: Due to adhesive force between water drop and glass surface.
*******************************

FRAMING THE QUESTIONS
Statement: Copper is highly ductile and can easily be drawn into wires. Also it is one of the best
conductors of electricity and is attacked by air or water.
Q1. Why is copper used for making domestic electric wires ?
Statement: The fire extinguisher releases carbon dioxide gas with a lot of force, which forms a layer
over the burning material, cutting off the supply of air or oxygen.
Q2. How does a fire extinguisher help to extinguish fire?
Statement: Light material is used in racing cycles to cut inertia to a minimum. This allows the
cyclists to accelerate or brake suddenly.
Q3. Why are racing cycles made of very light material?
Statement: Our eyes produce a lubricant which protects our eyes from drying. The main purpose of
blinking is to spread this lubricant in the eyes through eyelids and eyelashes. Blinking
also prevents foreign bodies to enter the eyes from exposure to excessive light.
Q4. Why do we blink our eyes?
Statement: When we are tickled by someone, we laugh because that ticklish feeling sends us in a
state of panic. We are not expecting that person to sneak up from behind and tickle us.
When we try to tickle ourselves, we are in complete control of the situation and so show
no reaction.
Q5. Why don’t we laugh when we tickle ourselves?
Statement: The kabaddi players rub their hands with soil to increase friction and to get a better grip
on their opponent players so that they do not slip out of hands.
Q6. Kabaddi players often rub their hands with dry soil while playing. Why?
Statement: Sound waves move by the phenomenon of compression and rarefaction in a medium of
propagation.. When a sound is produced, the air molecules near the source of sound are
compressed. Due to restoring force molecules are pulled back.. This pattern of
compression and rarefactions is repeated and they carry the sound.
Q7. How do sound waves travel in air?
Statement: The left side of our brain controls the right side of our body and vice versa. In most
people, the left side of the brain is better developed and they are right- handed. People
whose right side of the brain is more developed are left handed.
Q8. Why are some people right handed and some left handed?
Statement: As there is no gravity the cold air will not sink down and there will be no convection
current. The flame will be spherical and not vertically elongated. The flame will also not
last long as local oxygen will be used up, with no air currents to replenish it.
Q9. The shape of the candle flame in a space ship is spherical and not vertically elongated.
Also it does not last long. Why?
Statement: Rice absorbs and retains water more rapidly than salt, i.e. is more hydroscopic, so it
keeps the salt dry.
Q10. Why do some people put rice in their salt dispensers?
SCIENCES AND STUDY
1. Arthrology Study of Joints

2. Astrometeorology Study of effect of stars on planets
3. Auxology Study/science of growth in organisms
4. Barodynamics Science of support and mechanics of bridges
5. Biometrics Science of biological measurements
6. Caliology Study of birds’ nests
7. Carpology Study of roots
8. Cartography Study of maps and globes
9. Cetology Study of whales and dolphins
10. Chrysology Study of precious metals
11. Cryobiology Study of life under cold conditions
12. Cynology Scientific study of dogs
13. Dactylography Study of fingerprints
14. Dendrology Study of trees
15. Harmonics Study of musical acoustics
16. Hematology Study of blood
17. Histology Study of tissues of an organism
18. Hydrogeology Study of ground water
19. Koniology Study of atmospheric pollutants and dust
20. Momilogy Study of mummies
21. Nephrology Study of kidneys
22. Palaeontology Study of fossils
23. Photobiology Study of effect of light on organisms
24. Pneumatics Study of mechanics of gases

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
1. Robot Surgeries
The surgeons at the Clevel and Clinic began removing kidneys through a single incision in the patient’s
navel. Using tiny metal hands carefully manipulating sutures deep inside a patient’s body seems like
something pulled from science fiction, but that robotic surgery is occurring daily in a growing number of
centres across the country.
Doctors have used robotic surgery to improve the accuracy of procedures, especially in cancer cases.
Robotic surgery increased the ability of cancer surgeons to get clean margins as well due to the
magnification of the structures.
2. New 3-D display takes the eye fatigue out of virtual reality by Optical Mapping
A new type of 3-D display could solve the long-standing problem eye fatigue when using VR (virtual
reality) and AR (augmented reality) equipment by greatly improving the viewing comfort of these
wearable devices. Today’s VR headsets and AR glasses present two 2D images in a way that cues the
viewer’s brain to combine the images into the impression of a 3D scene. This type of stereoscopic
display causes discomfort and eye fatigue.
The new display presents actual 3D images using an approach called optical mapping. This is done by
dividing a digital display into subpanels that each create a 2D picture. The subpanel images are shifted
to different depths while the centres of all the images are aligned with one another. This makes it appear
as if each image is at a different depth when a user looks through the eyepiece. The researchers also
created an algorithm that blends the images, so that the depths appear continuous, creating a unified 3D
image.
3. Disarming HIV
A potentially new way to combat the disease: instead of killing the virus, make the body resistant to it.
Researchers led by scientists at Imperial College London and Johns Hopkins University exposed HIV by
removing cholesterol from the cellular wall, producing a large hole in the virus’s membrane and making
it permeable, which in turn led to a stronger adaptive response, orchestrated by immune cells. This
breakthrough could drastically reduce the amount of resources devoted to treating and combating the
disease and provide insight into fighting similarly complex diseases in the future.

4. Technology which makes electricity from urine also kills pathogens
A scientific breakthrough has taken an emerging biotechnology a step closer to being used to treat
wastewater in the developing world. Researchers have developed a system which can generate
electricity from urine enough to charge a mobile phone and also kill bacteria harmful to humans, an
advance that could be harnessed to treat wastewater. In this process, wastewater flows through a series
of cells filled with electro-active microbes that attack and destroy pathogens present in the waste water.
5. Future trucks fuelled by hydrogen created with solar power

Heavy-duty trucks will soon be driving around in Norway, fuelled by hydrogen created with solar
power, and emitting only pure water vapour as “exhaust”. Not only will hydrogen technology
revolutionize road transport, it will also enable ships and trains to run emission-free.
6. Telekinesis
Researchers from the Minnesota College of Science and Engineering were able to control the motion of
a helicopter, using a non invasive technique known as electroencephalography that harnesses
brainwaves. Facing in the opposite direction of the copter, students were able to move the vehicle in
various directions by imagining themselves moving their left hand, right hand, and both hands.
Researchers are hoping to expand this new non invasive brain wave technology to eventually restore
motion, hearing, and sight in patients suffering from paralysis or neurodegeneration.
7. Efficient Electrolysis (Salt water splitting)

A team at the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Electro materials unveiled a catalyst
that is able to split ocean water with very little energy needed. The catalyst has been fashioned into a
flexible plastic film that soaks up and uses the energy obtained from light to oxidize the seawater. The
film contains synthetic chlorophyll molecules to harness the energy of the sun in the same way the
leaves of many plants do. There are no chemical downfalls to using this method, unlike the current
water-splitting method that emits clouds of poisonous chlorine gas.
8. Tiny Battery
A team of researchers at Harvard and the University of Illinois were able to synthesize a lithium-ion
battery smaller than a grain of sand and less than the width of a human hair. Researchers were able to
achieve this astounding accomplishment through the delicate layering of a network of interlaced

electrodes. After a 3-D design is complete on the computer, the printer uses specially made liquid inks
containing electrodes designed to immediately harden once they hit the air.
9. Alternative fuel microbes

The US Department of Energy and a team of researchers at Duke University, have found tiny microbes
which can efficiently and effectively synthesize electro-fuels (butanol) in a lab. Butanol is now being
seen as the better alternative to both ethanol and gasoline for a variety of reasons. As a much larger
molecule, butanol has a larger energy-carrying capacity than ethanol and doesn’t absorb water, so it can
be placed directly in the gas tanks of any car and transported through the existing gasoline pipelines.
These butanol microbes are very promising for the future of alternative fuels.
10. Use of silver in antibiotics

A study was published by a team of researchers at Boston University regarding the benefits of using
silver in antibiotics which is able to turn normal antibiotics into antibiotics on steroids. Silver uses many
chemical processes to stop bacteria from forming bonds, slow their metabolic rates, and disrupt
homeostasis. These processes cause the bacteria to become weak and more susceptible to the power of
antibiotics.
11. Solar paint offers endless energy from water vapour

Researchers have developed a compound that draws moisture from the air and splits it into oxygen and
hydrogen. The hydrogen can be captured as a clean fuel source. The compound catalyses splitting of
water molecules.
12. Compact system turns waste plastic into fuels, allowing boats to power themselves while
cleaning up the ocean
A retired research chemist has developed a small, portable reactor that uses a catalysed pyrolysis
reaction to take discarded plastic and produce gasoline and diesel fuel directly. The idea is that supply
ships could have this technology on board, enabling plastic waste collected to be converted into fuel that
goes straight into their own tanks.

13. Nanoparticles awaken immune cells to fight cancer
Tiny nanoparticles, far smaller than the width of a human hair, might help the body’s own immune
system fight tumors, a new study shows. In experiments with mice, the nanoparticle-based therapy not
only wiped out the original targeted breast cancer tumors, but metastases in other parts of the body as
well. Human clinical trials with the new therapy could begin within the next several months, researchers
say.
The search for drugs that spur the immune system to fight tumors is one of the hottest fields in cancer
research. Immune sentries, known as T cells, are normally on the prowl for suspicious looking targets,
such as bacterial invaders and potential tumor cells. If they recognize one, they sound the alarm,
inducing other immune cells to mount a larger response. However, the T cells’ alarm can be muted by
so-called immune checkpoints, other proteins on the surface of normal cells that tamp down the immune
response to prevent harmful autoimmune reaction to normal tissue. Tumor cells often over express these
checkpoint molecules, putting the brakes on the immune system’s search and destroy work.
To overcome that problem, pharmaceutical companies have developed a number of different antibody
proteins that block these over expressed checkpoint molecules and enable the immune system to target
tumors. In cases where there are lots of T cells in the vicinity of a tumor, or where tumor cells have
undergone large numbers of mutations, which creates additional targets for immune sentries, T cells will
signal a full-fledged immune response to the cancer. Such cancer immunotherapy can add extra years to
patients’ lives.
14. NASA's Kepler Space Telescope, astronomers have discovered the first Earth-size planet orbiting a
star in the "habitable zone" -- the range of distance from a star where liquid water might pool on the
surface of an orbiting planet. The discovery of Kepler-186f confirms that planet is the size of Earth
exists in the habitable zone of stars other than our sun.
While planets have previously been found in the habitable zone, they are all at least 40 percent larger in
size than Earth and understanding their makeup is challenging. Kepler-186f is more reminiscent of
Earth.
15. British start-up Oxitec could soon release genetically-modified "sterile" mosquitoes into the wild.
These Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are genetically engineered so they can reproduce, but their offspring
die young, thus limiting the spread of diseases like Zika virus, malaria and dengue fever, which are
carried by these insects. Oxitec’s male mosquitoes have been genetically engineered to have a "kill
switch", so that their offspring die before reaching maturity.Male mosquitoes, which do not bite or
spread disease, are released up to 3 times a week into the wild, to mate with wild female Aedes
aegypti so that their offspring die out, reducing the population.Previous trials in Brazil, Panama, and the
Cayman Islands have reduced the population of Aedes aegypti by more than 90 per cent – a massive
improvement compared to conventional mosquito-killing methods, such as insecticides which only have
a 30-50 per cent efficiency rate.
16. Efficient Electrolysis (Saltwater Splitting)
In the race to find efficient and plentiful alternative fuels, researchers have always hit a roadblock when
trying to come up with an efficient method of splitting seawater to produce hydrogen fuel. On June 10th,
a team at the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science unveiled a
catalyst that is able to split ocean water with very little energy needed.
The catalyst has been fashioned into a flexible plastic film that soaks up and uses the energy obtained
from light to oxidize the seawater. Unlike current methods that require a large amount of energy to
oxidize the water, this method would produce enough energy to power the average home and car for a
full day using only 5 liters (1.3 gal) of seawater. The film contains synthetic chlorophyll molecules to
harness the energy of the sun in the same way the leaves of many plants do. Nor are there any chemical
downfalls to using this method, unlike the current water-splitting method that emits clouds of poisonous
chlorine gas.
This efficient and effective method could greatly reduce the cost of hydrogen fuel, allowing it to be a
competitive alternative fuel to gasoline in the future.
17. Medical Benefits Of Silver
A study was published on June 19th by a team of researchers at Boston University regarding the benefits
of using silver in antibiotics. While it has long been known that silver contains strong antimicrobial
properties, scientists have only recently discovered that it’s able to turn normal antibiotics into
antibiotics on steroids.
It is now known that silver uses many chemical processes to stop bacteria from forming bonds, slow
their metabolic rates, and disrupt homeostasis. These processes cause the bacteria to become weak and
more susceptible to the power of antibiotics. Through multiple studies, the mixture of silver and

antibiotics has been up to 1,000 times more effective in killing bacteria than antibiotics alone. Some
critics warn that using silver may have potentially toxic side effects on its users, but scientists disagree,
saying small non-toxic amounts increase the effectiveness of the antibiotic. This is a very exciting
discovery for the medical world, with the possible uses and applications for this precious metal
continuing to grow.
18. Sight For the Blind
The first bionic eye prototype was introduced by a team of Australian designers in early June. The
bionic eye works by having a chip implanted into the user’s skull and then connected to a digital camera
in the glasses. While the glasses currently only allow the user to see outlines, the prototype has a lot of
promise to be improved upon in the future. Once the camera captures an image, the signal is changed
and sent wirelessly to the microchip. From there, the signal activates spots on the microchip implanted
into the visual cortex of the brain. The team of researchers is hoping to further the capabilities of the
glasses while keeping them lightweight, adjustable, and comfortable for the wearer. It should be usable
by 85 percent of people who are legally blind.
19. Bioengineered body parts
A group of doctors at Duke University successfully implanted the first bioengineered blood vessel into a
live patient. Though bioengineering has been advancing rapidly, this procedure was the first successful
implant of any synthetically bioengineered body part.
Implanted into a patient suffering from the end stages of kidney disease, the vein had been synthesized
from donated human cells that were then developed on a scaffold. In order to prevent any antibodies in
the patient from attacking the foreign vessel, the qualities that could trigger the attack were removed.
The vein has proved more successful in tests than synthetic or animal-based implants because they are
not prone to clotting and don’t pose risk of infection during the surgery.
Incredibly, the veins are made of the same flexible materials that they’re connected to and even take on
the properties of their cellular environment and other veins. With the success of this procedure, this
emerging field has huge implications for further uses in the medical world. Soon, doctors hope to be
bioengineering veins for heart disease and maybe even go on to bioengineer whole organs or body parts.

20. Telekinesis
Being able to control the motion of objects may seem like the plot of a science fiction novel, but thanks
to researchers from the Minnesota College of Science and Engineering, it’s now a reality. Using a
noninvasive technique known as electroencephalography that harnesses brainwaves, five students were
able to control the motion of a helicopter.
Facing in the opposite direction of the copter, students were able to move the vehicle in various
directions by imagining themselves moving their left hand, right hand, and both hands. After some time
and training, participants were soon able to get the helicopter to perform several maneuvers including
passing through rings with an image of the flight being showed to them on a screen. Researchers are
hoping to expand this new noninvasive brain wave technology to eventually restore motion, hearing, and
sight in patients suffering from paralysis or neurodegeneration.

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Questions for Science Quiz 2017-18

Answer in one word

Ans. Centripetal force.

Q.3 What is the commercial unit of energy?

Ans. Kilowatt hour (kWh)

Ans. John Dalton.

Q.6 Name the world’s most powerful particle accelerator.

Ans. Large Hadron Collider.

Ans. J.Robert Oppenheimer.

Q.10 Name the phenomena responsible for the formation of rainbow.

Ans. Total internal reflection and Dispersion.

Q.11 Which quantity is constant during the thermodynamic isothermal process?

Q.12 From which Latin term the word ‘Electricity’ is derived?

1|Page Questions for Science Quiz 2017-18

Q.16 Name India’s first weather satellite.

Q.17 What is the phenomenon of reflection of sound called?

Q.19 What is the darkest part of a shadow called?

Q.21 Nuclear sizes are expressed in a unit called-

Q.22 Name the type of sound having frequency below 20 Hz.

Ans. Infrasonic sound.

Q.23 What is full form of CRO?

Ans. Cathode ray oscilloscope.

Q.24 Which physical quantity is measured in Angstrom?

Q.25 What is the full form of FM?

Ans. Frequency modulator.

Q.26 What is the full form of MASER?

Ans. Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

2|Page Questions for Science Quiz 2017-18

Ans. British thermal unit

Q.28 What is the nature of sound waves in air?

Q.29 Name the principle used in optical fiber.

Ans. Total internal reflection.

Ans. Air resistance.

Q. 31 Name the particle which does not exert gravitational force.

Q.32 How many nanometer will make one meter?

Q.33 Which colour of light is least absorbed by plants?

Q.34 Name the feature of sound waves corresponding to its loudness.

Ans. Terminal velocity.

Ans. Photoelectric effect.

Q.37 Name the unit of Luminous intensity.

Q.39 A physicist who invented C language of computer programming

Ans. Dennis Ritchie.

3|Page Questions for Science Quiz 2017-18

Ans. Both are class III lever.

Q.41 What is the unit of resistivity?

Ans. Ohm meter (Ωm)

Q.42 Name the pendulum which completes one oscillation in 2 seconds.

Ans. Seconds pendulum.

Q.43 A force that keeps the object in circular motion

Ans. Centripetal force.

Ans. Velocity of light.

Ans. Fraunhofer lines.

Ans Approximately 220 km/s

Q.47 What is velocity of geostationary satellite with respect to earth?

Q.48 What is the minimum achievable temperature by any process?

Ans. Enrico Fermi

Q.50 Name the elementary particle having positive charge.

Q.51 Name a form of carbon being used as a machine lubricant.

Q.52 Which alloy of Al is used for making magnets?

4|Page Questions for Science Quiz 2017-18

Q.54 Which chemical is used as a fixer in photography?

Ans. Sodium Thiosulphate

Q.55 Which out of the following is an element - ruby/sapphire/diamond/topaz?

Q.57 Which element can be extracted from bauxite?