EVIDENCE

OUTLINE
School Year 2019 – 2020: 2nd Semester
Atty. Peter B. Cañamo

I. Introduction

A. Basic Concept(s)

II. General Principles (Rule 128)

A. Definition
 Bustos v. Lucero, G.R. No. L-2068, October 20, 1948
 Tan vs. Hosana, G.R. No. 190846, February 3, 2016 citing Rule 128, Sec. 1, Rules of
Court
 Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company vs. Ley Construction and Development
Corporation, G.R. No. 185590, December 3, 2014
 Gomez vs. Gomez-Samson, G.R. No. 156284, February 6, 2007
B. Purpose
C. Scope
 El Greco Ship Manning and Management Corporation vs. Commissioner of Customs,
G.R. No. 177188, December 4, 2008;
 Governor Sadikul A. Sahali et. Al., v. Commission on Elections (1st Div.), G.R. No.
201796, January 15, 2013;
 Ferrer vs. Carganillo, G.R. No. 170956, May 12, 2010 per Del Castillo, J. citing Rule 1,
Section 4, Rules of Court
 Reyes vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 207264, October 22, 2013
 Subido Pagente Certeza Mendoza and Binay Law Offices vs. Court of Appeals, G.R.
No. 216914, December 6, 2016

D. Applicability of Electronic Evidence
 People of the Philippines vs. Enojas, G.R. No. 204894, March 10, 2014 citing A.M. No.
01-7-01-SC, Re: Expansion of the Coverage of the Rules on Electronic Evidence,
September 24, 2002
 Rustan Ang Y. Pascua v. The Honorable Court of Appeals and Irish Sagud, G.R. No.
182835, April 10, 2010
 Miro v. Vda de Erederos, 20 November 2013
 G.R. No. 204894, March 10, 2014 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES v. NOEL ENOJAS Y
HINGPIT, ARNOLD GOMEZ Y FABREGAS, FERNANDO SANTOS Y DELANTAR, AND
ROGER JALANDONI Y ARI
 Ferrer vs. Carganillo, G.R. No. 170956, May 12, 2010
 Reyes vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 207264, October 22, 2013

E. Classification of Evidence
F. Admissibility of Evidence
 Requisites of Admissibility
 Types of Admissibility

G. Exclusionary Rules
 Tan v. Hosana, 3 February 2016, Brion, J.
 Tolentino v. Mendoza, 440 SCRA 519 [2004], cited in De
Jesus v. Sanchez-Malit, 8 July 2014
 H. Relevancy of Evidence
I. Collateral Matters/Circumstantial Evidence

III. What Need Not Be Proved (Rule 129)

A. Introduction
 Reyes vs. Glaucoma Research Foundation, Inc., G.R. No. 189255, June 17, 2015.
Basay vs. Hacienda Consolacion, G.R. No. 175532, April 19, 2010.
 Atienza vs. Board of Medicine, G.R. No. 177407, February 9, 2011
 Republic of the Philippines vs. De Guzman, G.R. No. 175021, June 15, 2011
 Fairland Knitcraft Corporation vs. Po, G.R. No. 217694, January 27, 2016
 People of the Philippines vs. Comesario, G.R. No. 127811, April 29, 1990
 Mabunga vs. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 142039, May 27, 2004
 People of the Philippines vs. Mingoa, G.R. No. L-5371, March 26, 1953
 Wa-Acon vs. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 164575, December 6, 2006

B. Kinds of Judicial Notice

C. Mandatory Judicial Notice

 Rico Rommel Atienza v. Board of Medicine and Editha Sioson, G.R. No. 177407,
February 9, 2011;
 Sulpico v. NEDA et. Al., G.R. No. 178830, July 14, 2008;
 Del Rosario v. People, G.R. No. 142295, May 31, 2001;
 Vergara v. People, G.R. No. 128720, January 23, 2002;
 Romualdez v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 161602, July 13, 2010;
 CLT Dev’t Corp. v. Hi-Grade Feeds Corp., 2 Sep 2015
 PCIB v. Escolin, G.R. 27936, 29 March 1974
 Sps. Latip v. Chua, 16 October 2009
 New Sun Valley Homeowners’ Assoc. v. Sangguniang Bgy. of Sun Valley, 27 July 2011

D. Discretionary Judicial Notice

E. Judicial Notice, when hearing necessary

 State Prosecutors v. Muro, A.M. No. RTJ-92-876, Sept. 19, 1994
 Republic of the Philippines v. Marcos II, August 4, 2009, cited in Republic of the
Philippines v. Ma. Imelda “Imee” R. Marcos-Manotoc, G.R. No. 171701, Feb. 8, 2012;
 People of the Philippines v. Neil B. Colorado, G.R. No. 200792, November 14, 2012;
 Casimira S. Delacruz v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 192221, November 13,
2012;

F. Doctrine of Presumed-Identity Approach or Processual Presumption

 ATCI Overseas Corporation, Amalia G. Ikdal and Ministry of Public Health-Kuwait v.
Ma. Josefa Echin, G.R. No. 178551, October 11, 2010;
 Merope Enriquez Vda. De Catalan v. Louella A. Catalan-Lee, G.R. No. 183622, Feb. 8,
2012.

G. Judicial Admissions
 Heirs of Antonio Feraren et. Al., v. Court of Appeals & Cecilia Tadiar, G.R. No.
159328, Oct. 5, 2011;
 Republic of the Philippines v. Estate of Hans Menzi, G.R. No. 183446, November 13,
2012.
 ATCI Overseas Corp. v. Echin, 11 October 2010).
 Section 7, 8, 10, and 11 of Rule 8 (Actionable Document and General Denial)
 Section 8, Rule 10 (Admissions in Superseded Pleadings)
 Section 2 and 3 Rule 26 (Failure to answer request for admission)
 Section 2, Rule 118 (Factual stipulations in criminal pre-trial)
IV. Rules of Admissibility (Rule 130)
 People of the Philippines vs. Tripoli, G.R. No. 207001, June 7, 2017
 Gumabon vs. Philippine National Bank, G.R. No. 202514, July 25, 2016
 People of the Philippines vs. Galleno, G.R. No. 123546, July 2, 1998
 People of the Philippines vs. Yatco, G.R. No. L-9181, November 28, 1955
 Leday v. State of Texas, 983 S.W.2d 713 [1998]
 Mancol vs. Development Bank of the Philippines, G.R. No. 204289, November 22,
2017

A. Object (Real) Evidence

 Bank of Phiippine Isalnds v. Reyes, G.R. No. 157177, Febuary 11, 2008;
 People v. Amansec, G.R. No. 186131, December 14, 2011;
 People of the Philippines vs. Rullepa, G.R. No. 131516, March 5, 2003
 Agustin vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 162571, June 15, 2005
 Sison vs. People of the Philippines, G.R. Nos. 108280-83, November 16, 1995

 Chain of custody in relation to Section 21 of the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of

2002 – R.A. 10640,
 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES v. FRANCISCO MANLANGIT y TRESBALLES G.R. No. 189806,
January 12, 2010
 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES v. SPO3 SANGKI ARA Y MIRASOL et al. G.R. No. 185011
December 23, 2009

 Use of Fluorescent powder:

 People v. Amansec, G.R. No. 186131, December 14, 2011

 People v. Tandoy, 192 SCRA 28

 Obscene Material or Pornographic Files:
 Nogales v. People, G.R. No. 191080, November 21, 2011

 Chain of Custody Rule on Drug Cases:

 People v. John-John Alejandro, G.R. No. 176350, August 10, 2011;
 People v. Relato, G.R. No. 173794, January 18, 2012;
 People of the Philippines v. Samin Zakaria, G.R. No. 181042, November 12, 2012;
 People v. Arielito Alivio, G.R. No. 177771, May 30, 2011
 People of the Philippines v. Erlinda Capuno Y Tison, G.R. No. 185715, January 19,
2011;
 Malilin v. people cited in People of the Philippines v. Mads Saludin Mantawil, et. Al.,
G.R. No. 188319, June 8, 2011;
 People of the Philippines vs. Salcena, G.R. No. 192261, November 16, 2011
 People of the Philippines v. Joseph Robelo, G.R. No. 184181, November 26, 2012;
 People of the Philippines v. Ricardo Remigio, G.R. No. 189277, December 5, 2012;
 Nelson v. Valleno v. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 192050, January 9, 2013;
 People v. Frondozo, 591 SCRA 407;
 People v. Agojo, 585 SCRA 652.

 Rule on DNA Evidence (A.M. No. 06-11-5-SC)

 Meaning of DNA
 Applicable for DNA testing order
 Post-conviction DNA testing; remedy
 Assessment of probative value of DNA evidence and admissibility
 Rules on evaluation of reliability of the DNA testing methodology
 People vs. Andal, G.R. No. 138268-69, June 15, 1999;
 People v. Vallejo, G.R. No. 144656, May 9, 2002;
 People vs. Yatar, G.R. No. 150224, May 19, 2004;
 Estate of Ong v. Diaz, G.R. No. 171713, December 17, 2007;
  Salvador vs. People, G.R. No. 164266, July 23, 2008;
 People v. Umanito, G.R. No. 172607, April 16, 2009;
 People vs. Pascual, G.R. No. 172326, January 19, 2009
 Lejano vs. People, People vs. Webb et. al., G.R . No. 176864, December 14, 2010;
 Lejano vs. People, People vs. Webb et. al., G.R . No. 176389, December 14, 2010;
 Lucas v. Lucas, G.R. No. 190710, 2nd Div., June 6, 2011.

B. Documentary Evidence
 Republics v. Hanover Worldwide Trading Corporation, G.R. No. 172102, July 2, 2010;
 Philippine Hawk Corporation v. Lee, G.R. No. 166869, February 16, 2010 – Tan v. OMC
Carriers, Inc. G.R. No. 190521, January 12, 2011;
 IBM v. NLRC, 305 SCRA 592 (1999);
 Guadines v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 164891, June 6, 2011

C. Best Evidence Rule

1. Original Document must be produced, exceptions;

 MCMP Construction Corporation v. Monark Equipment Corporation, G.R. No.
201001, November 10, 2014
 Edsa Shangri-La Hotel and Resort v. BF Corporation, G.R. No. 145842, 145873
June 27, 2008
 Air France v. Carrascoso, 18 SCRA 155
 Nissan North EDSA v. United Phil. Scout Agency, 20 April 2010
 People v. Tandoy, 192 SCRA 28
 Heirs of Prodon vs. Heirs of Alvarez, G.R. No. 170604, September 2, 2013
 Republic of the Philippines vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 188881, April
21, 2014
 Marquez vs. Espejo, G.R. No. 168387, August 25, 2010
 People of the Philippines vs. Dismuke, G.R. No. 108453, July 11, 1994
 EDSA Shangri-La Hotel and Resort vs. BF Corporation, G.R. No.
145842, June 27, 2008
 Bank of the Philippine Islands vs. Mendoza, G.R. No. 198799, March 20,
2017

2. Original Document
 Marquez v. Espejo, G.R. No. 168387, August 25, 2010;
 Arceo, Jr. v. People, G.R. No. 142641, July 17, 2006;
 People of the Philippines v. Neil B. Colorado, G.R. No. 200792, November 14, 2012;
 Sugar Regulatory Administration v. Encarnacion B. Tormon, G.R. No. 195640,
December 4, 2012;
 Estrada v. Desierto cited in CITIBANK, N.A. and Investor’s Finance Corporation v.
Modesta R. Sabeniano, G.R. No. 156132, October 12, 2006;
 Gaw v. Chua, G.R. No. 160855, 16 April 2008
 Republic v Marcos-Manotoc, 8 February 2012
 Gulf Air v. NLRC, 24 April 2009

D. Secondary Evidence
1. When original Document is unavailable
2. When original document is in adverse party's custody or control
3. Evidence admissible when original document is a public record
4. Party who calls for document not bound to offer it
 Republic of the Philippines v. Marcos II, August 4, 2009, cited in Republic of the
Philippines v. Ma. Imelda “Imee” R. Marcos-Manotoc, G.R. No. 171701, Feb. 8, 2012;
 Citibank, N.A. Mastercard v. Teodoro, 458 Phil. 480, 489 (2003) citing De Vera v.
Aguilar, G.R. No. 83377, February 9, 1993, 218 SCRA 602;
 Country Bankers Insurance Corporation v. Antonio Lagman, G.R. No. 165487, July 13,
2011;
 Baguio Trinity Developer’s, Inc. v. The Heirs of Jose Ramos et. Al., G.R. No. 188381,
December 14, 2011;
  Gabatan v. CA, 13 March 2009
 Republic v Mupas, 8 Sep 2015
 Vda. de Avenido v. Avenido, 22 January 2014

D. Rules on Electronic Evidence (A.M. No. 01-7-01-SC)

 Meaning of electronic evidence; electronic data massage
 Probative value of electronic documents or evidentiary weight; method of proof
 Authentication of electronic documents and electronic signatures
 Electronic documents and the hearsay rule
 Audio, photographic, video and ephemeral evidence

 MCC Industrial Sales Corporation vs. Ssangyong Corporation, G.R. No. 170633,
October 17, 2007;
 National Power Corporation vs. Codilla, G.R. No. 170491, April 4, 2007
 Ellery March G. Torres vs. Phil. Amusement and Gaming Corporation, G.R. No.
193531, Dec. 14, 2011;
 Rustan Ang Y. Pascua v. The Honorable Court of Appeals and Irish Sagud, G.R.
No. 182835, April 10, 2010

E. Parol evidence
1. Evidence of written agreements
 Lechugas v. CA, 143 SCRA 355
 Inciong v. CA, 257 SCRA 578 (1996)
 Ortañez v. CA, 266 SCRA 561
 Financial Building Corporation v. Bloomfield Educational Foundation, Inc., et. Al. G.R.
No. 164186, October 4, 2010;
 Modesto Leoveras v. Casimero Valdez, G.R. No. 169985, June 15, 2011;
 Sps. Agbada v. Inter-Urban Developers, Inc. 438 Phil. 168, 192 (2002);
 Dulce Pamintuan v. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 172820, June 23, 2010;
 Permanent Savings and Loan Bank v. Velarde, G.R. No. 140608, September 23, 2004;
 Pacres v. Heirs of Ygona, 5 May 2010
 Norton Resources and Development Corporation vs. All Asia Bank Corporation,
G.R. No. 162523, November 25, 2009
 Seaoil Petroleum Corporation vs. Autocorp Group, G.R. No. 164326, October 17,
2008
 Marquez vs. Espejo, G.R. No. 168387, August 25, 2010
 Republic of the Philippines vs. Roque, G.R. No. 203610, October 10, 2016
 Heirs of Ureta vs. Heirs of Ureta, G.R. No. 165748, September 14, 2011
 Sps. Paras vs. Kimwa Construction and Development Corporation, G.R. No.
171601, April 8, 2015 cited in Sps. Abella vs. Sps. Abella, G.R. No. 195166, July 8,
2015

2. Exception
 Sps. Lequin v. Sps. Vizconde, 12 October 2009
 Financial Building Corp. v. Rudlin International Corp., 4 October 2010

F. Interpretations of Documents
1. Interpretation of a writing according to its legal meaning
2. Instrument construed so as to give effect to all provisions
3. Interpretation according to intention; general and particular provisions
4. Interpretation according to circumstances
5. Peculiar signification of terms
6. Written words control printed
7. Experts and interpreters to be used in explaining certain writings
8. Of Two constructions, which preferred
9. Construction in favor of natural right
10. Interpretation according to usage
G. Testimonial Evidence
 People v. Rodel Singson, G.R. No. 194719, September 21, 2011;
 Lapuz vs. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 150050, June 17, 2004
 People of the Philippines vs. Nuñez, G.R. No. 209342, October 4, 2017
 People of the Philippines vs. Matunhay, G.R. No. 178274, March 5, 2010
 People of the Philippines vs. Esugon, G.R. No. 195244, June 22, 2015
 People of the Philippines vs. Mendoza, G.R. No. 113791, February 22, 1996
 People of the Philippines vs. Ibanez, G.R. No. 197813, September 25, 2013
 People of the Philippines vs. Aleman, G.R. No. 181539, July 24, 2013

1. Qualifications of Witness
 AFP-RSBS v Republic, 20 March 2013
 Pp v Aleman, 24 July 2013
 People v. Conrado Laog y Ramin, G.R. No. 178321, October 5, 2011;
 People of the Philippines v. Julieto Sanchez, G.R. No. 197815, February 8, 2012;
 Rolito Rabanal v. People amd Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 160858, February 28, 2006;
 People of the Philippines v. Renandang Mamaruncas et. Al., G.R. No. 179497;

 Witnesses; their qualifications

 People v. Pardua, G.R. No. 110813, June 28, 2001;
 People v. Hayag, 101 SCRA 67; people v. De Leon, 50 Phil. 539 and
People v. Sasota, 52 Phil. 281;
 People v. Cabanilla, G.R. No. 185839, November 17, 2010;
 Disqualification by reason of mental incapacity or immaturity
 People v. Golimlim, G.R. No. 145225, April 2, 2004;
 People v. Ben Rubio, G.R. No. 195239, March 7, 2012;
 Disqualification by reason of marriage
 People v. Roberto Pansensoy, G.R. No. 140634, September 12, 2002;
 Lezama v. Rodriguez, 23 S 1166
 Alvarez v. Ramirez, 14 October 2005
 Disqualification by reason of death or insanity of adverse party
 Sunga-Chan v. Chua, G.R. No. 143340, August 15, 2001;
 Tongco v. Vianzon, 50 P 698
 Ong Chua v. Carr, 53 P 975
 Garcia vs. Robles Vda. De Caparas, G.R. No. 180843, April 17, 2013
 Pao vs. Ting, G.R. No. 153476, September 27, 2006
 Sanson vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127745, April 22, 2003


 Disqualification by reason of privileged communication

 Emma K Lee v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 177861, July 13, 2010;

a. Husband and wife

 Eagleridge Development Corporation vs. Cameron
Granville 3 Asset Management, Inc., G.R. No. 204700,
November 24, 2014
 U.S. vs. Antipolo, G.R. No. L-13109, March 6, 1918
b. Attorney and client
 Gregorio R. Castillo v. Sandiganbayan and the Republic of the
Philippines, G.R. No. 138231, February 21, 2002;
 Regala v. Sandiganbayan, 262 SCRA 124 (1996)
 People v. Sandiganbayan, 275 SCRA 505 (1997)
 Upjohn v. United States, 449 U.S. 383 (1981)
 Mercado vs. Vitriolo, A.C. No. 5108, May 26, 2005
 Gamaro vs. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 211917, February 27,
2017
 Lim vs. Court of Appeals, 214 SCRA 273 [1992]
 c. Physician and patient
 Lim v. CA, 214 S 273
 Krohn v. CA, 233 S 146, 14 June 1994
 Chan v Chan, 24 July 2013

d. Priest and penitent

e. Public officers

 Executive Privilege
 Neri v. Senate Committee on Accountability of Public
Officers and Investigations, G.R. No. 180643, 25 March 2008
 Sereno v. Committee on Tariff and Related Matters, 1
February 2016
 DFA v. BCA International Corp., 29 June 2016

 Newsman’s Privilege (Editorial Privilege – RA No. 53)

 Police Informer’s Privilege
 Public Interest

 Banco Filipino v. Monetary Board, 142 S 523

 Chavez vs. Public Estates Authority, 384 SCRA 152
[2002]
 Mercado vs. Vitriolo, A.C. No. 5108, May 26, 2005

2. Testimonial Privilege
 Parental and filial privilege
 Emma K Lee v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 177861, July 13, 2010

 Privilege v. Self-Incrimination
 Immunity Statutes
 Use Immunity
 Crime Immunity
 Transactional Immunity

3. Admissions and Confessions

 People v. Bascugin, G.R. No. 184704, June 30, 2009;
 CAYETANO CAPANGPANGAN v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES G.R. No.
150251, November 23, 2007
 Pp v. Español, 13 Feb 09
 Phil. First Ins. Co. v. Wallem Phils., 26 March 2009
 Eduarte v. People, 16 April 2009
 People of the Philippines vs. Guting, G.R. No. 205412,
September 9, 2015)
 Tamargo vs. Awingan, G.R. No. 177727, January 19, 2010
 Cambe vs. Office of the Ombudsman, G.R. Nos. 212014-15,
December 6, 2016)
 Solas vs. Power & Telephone Supply Phils., Inc., G.R. No.
162332, August 28, 2008


 Admission of a party
 Betty B. Laybayan v. Bayani S. Samoy, Jr., G.R. No. 165427, March 21,
2011;
 Salazar v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 142920, February 6, 2002;
 Limos v. Odones, G.R. No. 186979, August 11, 2010;
 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES v. MARY LOU OMICITIN y SINGCO G.R. No.
188130, July 26, 2010
  The Learning Child
 Inc. v. Ayala Alabang Village Association, 7 July 2010
 Narra Nickel Mining Corp. v. Redmont Consolidated Mines Corp., 21
April 2014

 Offer of compromise not admissible

 People v. Gaudia, G.R. No. 146111, February 23, 2004;
 San Miguel Corp. v. Kalalo, 13 June 2012
 People v. Yparraguirre, 268 SCRA 35, 41 (1997)

 Admission by third party

 Harold V. Tamargo v. Romulo Awingan, et. Al., G.R. No. 177727, January
19, 2010

 Admission by co-partner or agent

 Narra Nickel Mining Corp. v. Redmont Consolidated Mines Corp., 21
April 2014

 Admission by conspirator
 People v. Khadaffy Janjalani, G.R. No. 188314, January 10, 2011;

 Admission by privies

 Admission by silence
 Office of the Court Administrator v. Bernardino, A.M. No. P-97-1258,
January 31, 2005, Per Curiam;
 Taghoy v. Tigol, G.R. No. 159665, August 3, 2010;

 Confession
 People v. Reyes, G. R. No. 178300, March 17, 2009;
 People v. Khadaffy Janjalani, G.R. No. 188314, January 10, 2011;
 People v. Hipona, G.R. No. 185709, February 18, 2010;
 Tamargo v. Awingan, 19 January 2010
 People v. Sace, 5 April 2010)

4. Previous Conduct as Evidence

 Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company v.Custodio, G.R. No. 173780, March 21,
2011;
 Boston Bank v. Manalo, 9 Feb 06
 Similar acts as evidence
 Unaccepted offer
- Rape shield rule under S6 of RA 8505 (Rape Victim Protection &
Assistance Act)

5. Testimonial Evidence
 Testimony generally confined to personal knowledge; hearsay excluded
 Melanio Mallari Y Liberato v. People, G.R. No. 153911, December 10, 2004;
 People v. Rex T. Canlas, G.R. No. 141633, December 14, 2001;

 Independent Relevant Statement

 People v. Malibiran, G.R. No. 178301, April 24, 2010;

 Doctrine of Adoptive Admission

 Estarda v. Desierto, G.R. Nos. 146710-15, April 3, 2001;
 Republic of the Philippines v. Kenrick Dev’t Corp., G.R. 149576, 8 August
2006

6. Hearsay Rule
  People v. Omictin, 26 July 2010
 Camacho-Reyes v. Reyes, G.R. No. 185286, 18 August 2010
 Razon v. Tagitis, 3 December 2009
 Pp v Cachuela, 10 June 2013
 Miro v. Vda de Erederos, 20 Nov 2013
 Dela Llana v Biong, 4 Dec 2013
 People v. Rondina, 30 June 2014
 Rosit v. Davao Doctors Hospital, 7 December 2015
 Republic of the Philippines vs. Galeno, G.R. No. 215009, January 23,
2017
 Espineli vs. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 179535, June 9, 2014
 People of the Philippines vs. Estibal, G.R. No. 208749, November 26,
2014

EXCEPTIONS to the Hearsay Rule

 Dying declaration
 People v. Cerilla, G.R. No. 177147, Npvember 28, 2007;
 People of the Philippines v. Falabrica Serenas, G.R. No. 188124, June 29,
2010;
 Marturillas v. People, G.R. 163217, 18 Apr 06).
 People v. Tabarnero, 24 February 2010
 People v. Serenas, 29 June 2010
 People v. Rarugal, 16 January 2013

 Declaration against interest

 Parel v. Prudencio, G.R. No. 146556, April 19, 2006;
 Lazaro v. Agustin, G.R. No. 152364, April 15, 2010;
 People v. Toledo, 51 Phil 285
 Fuentes v. CA, 253 SCRA 430
 Dantis v. Maghinang, 10 April 2013
 People of the Philippines vs. Cerilla, G.R. No. 177147, November 28,
2007
 People of the Philippines vs. Umapas, G.R. No. 215742, March 22, 2017
 People of the Philippines vs. Gatarin, G.R. No. 198022, April 7, 2014

 Act or declaration about pedigree

 Republic v. Mangotara, G.R. No. 170375, July 7, 2010;
 Tison v. CA, 31 July 1997

 Family reputation or tradition regarding pedigree

 Common reputation
 Part of res gestae
 People of the Philippines v. Romy Fallones Y Labana, G.R. No. 190341, March
16, 2011;
 People v. Villarico, G.R. No. 158362, April 4, 2012;
 Juanito Talidano v. Falcon Maritime, G.R. No. 172031, July 14, 2008;
 Zarate v. People, 3 July 2009
 People of the Philippines vs. Feliciano, G.R. No. 196735, May 5, 2014
 People of the Philippines vs. Guting, G.R. No. 205412, September 9,
2015
 People of the Philippines vs. Estibal, G.R. No. 208749, November 26,
2014
 People of the Philippines vs. Labagala, G.R. No. 184603, August 2,
2010

 Entries in the course of business

 Land Bank of the Philippines v. Monet’s Export and Manufacturing Corp.,
G.R. No. 184971, April 19, 2010;
  Canque v. CA, 305 SCRA 579
 Advance Paper Corp. v. Arma Traders Corp., 11 Dec 2013

 Entries in official records

 Rizalina M. Gemina v. Atty. Isidro Madamba, A.C. No. 6689, August 24,
2011;
 Africa v. Caltex, 16 SCRA 448
 Barcelon, Roxas Securities Inc. v. Comm. of Internal Revenue, 7 Aug 06

 Commercial lists and the like

 Manila Electric Company v. Hon. Quisumbing, G.R. No. 127598, February 22,
2000;
 PNOC Shipping Corp. v. CA, 297 SCRA 402 (1998)

 Learned treatises
 Testimony or deposition at a former proceeding
 Republic v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No., 152375, December 16, 2011;
 Manliclic v. Calaunan, 25 January 2007
 Francisco v. People, GR 146584, 12 July 2004

7. Opinion Rule
 General rule
 Opinion of expert witness
 Felizardo S. Obando and Juan S. Obando v. People of the Philippines, G.R.
No. 138696, July 7, 2010;
 Tabao v. People, G.R. No. 187246, July 20, 2011;
 Equitable Cardnetwork, Inc. v. Josefa Borromeo Capistrano, G.R. No. 180157,
February 8, 2012;
 Gamido v. Court of Appeals, 321 Phil. 463, 472 [1995];
 Republic v. Molina, 268 SCRA 198 (1997)
 Marcos v. Marcos, G.R. 136490, 19 Oct 2000
 Dela Llana v. Biong, 4 December 2013

 Opinion of ordinary witnesses

 Hernandez v. Santos, G.R. No. 166470, August 7, 2009;

8. Character Evidence
 Character evidence not generally admissible; exceptions
 People of the Philippines v. Noel Lee, G.R. No. 139070, May 29, 2002

V. Burden of Proof and Presumptions (Rule 131)

A. Burden of Proof
 De Leon vs. Bank of the Philippine Islands, G.R. No. 184565, November
20, 2013
 Macayan vs. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 175842, March 18, 2015

 Republic v. Sandiganbayan, Eduardo M. Cojuangco, Jr., et al., G.R. No.
166859, April 12, 2011;
 Dr. Genevieve L. Huang v. Philippine Hoteliers, Inc., G.R. No. 180440,
December 5, 2012;
 People v. Tan, G.R. No. 132324, September 28, 1999;
 Dultan Pandaraganao A. Ilupa v. Macalindog S. Abdullah, A.M. No. SCC-11-
16-P, June 1, 2011;
 The Board of Commissioners of the Bureau of Immigration and Deportation
v. Jung Keun Park, G.R. No. 159835, January 21, 2010;
 Olazo v. Hon. Tinga, A.M. No. 10-5-7-SC, December 7, 2010;
 People of the Phils. Vs. Noel Cuasay, G.R. No. 180512, October 17, 2008
 B. Conclusive Presumptions
C. Disputable Presumptions
 Insigne v. Abra Valley Colleges, 29 July 2015
 Travel-On v. CA, 210 SCRA 351

D. No Presumptions on Legitimacy and Illegitimacy

VI. Presentation of Evidence (Rule 132)

A. Examination of witness
 People v. Alma Bisda, G.R. No. 140895, July 17, 2003;

1. Examination to be done in open court

2. Proceedings to be recorded
3. Rights and obligations of a witness
4. Order in the examination of an individual witness
5. Direct examination
 Judicial Affidavit Rule
 Efficient Use of Paper Rule
6. Cross-examination; its purpose and extent
 People v. Fabre, G.R. No. 146697, July 23, 2002;

7. Re-direct examination; its purpose and extent

8. Re-cross-examination
9. Recalling witness
 People v. Velasco, G.R. No. 125016, May 28, 1999;

10. Leading and misleading questions

 People v. Perez, G.R. No. 142556, February 5, 2003 (per curiam)

11. Impeachment of adverse party's witness

12. Party may not impeach his own witness
 Design Sources International v. Eristingcol, 19 February 2014

13. How witness impeached by evidence of inconsistent statements

 People v. Jaime Castillano, Sr., G.R. No. 139412, April 2, 2003;
 People vs. Nestor Bajada y Bautista, Victor Calisay y Lozaga and John Doe, G.R.
No. 180507, November 20, 2008

14. Evidence of good character of witness

15. Exclusion and separation of witnesses
16. When witness may refer to memorandum
17. When part of transaction, writing or record given in evidence, the remainder, the
remainder admissible
18. Right to respect writing shown to witness
 Catacutan v. People, G.R. No. 175991, August 31, 2011;

B. Authentication and proof of Documents

1. Classes of Documents
2. Proof of private document
 Spouses DELA RAMA v. Spouses PAPA, G.R. No. 142309, January 30,
2009;
 Roberto Otero v. Roger Tan, G.R. No. 200134, August 15, 2012;
 Malayan Insurance Co. v. Phil. Nails Corp., G.R. 138084, 10 April 2002
 3. When evidence of authenticity of private document not necessary
4. How genuineness of handwriting proved
 Fullero v. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 170583, September 12, 2007;
 Spouses DELA RAMA v. Spouses PAPA, G.R. No. 142309, January 30, 2009;
 Agasen v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 115508, February 15, 2000;

5. Public documents as evidence

 Republic of the Philippines v. Marlon Medida, G.R. No. 195097, August 13, 2012;
 Dela Rama v. Papa, 30 January 2009
 Dycoco v. Orina, 30 July 2010
 Republic v. Marcos-Manotoc, 8 February 2012
 Heirs of Ochoa v. G&S Transport, 16 July 2012
 Kummer v Pp, 11 Sep 2013
 Iwasawa v. Gangan, 11 Sep 2013
 Republic v. De Tensuan, 23 October 2013

6. Proof of official record

 Merope Enriquez Vda. De Catalan v. Louella A. Catalan-Lee, G.R. No. 183622,
February 8, 2012;

7. What attestation of copy must state

8. Irremovability of public record
9. Public record of a private document
10. Proof of lack of record
 Syed Azhar Abbas v. Gloria Goo Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013;
 Kho v. Republic, 1 June 2016
 Abbas v. Abbas, 30 January 2013

11. How judicial record impeached

12. Proof of notarial documents
 Lazaro v. Agustin, G.R. No. 152364, April 15, 2010;

13. Alteration in document, how to explain

 Maria Cabotaje, et. Al. v. Spouses Sotero Pudunan and Maria Rivera, G.R. No.
134712, August 13, 2004;
14. Seal
15. Documentary evidence in an unofficial language
 People v. Siojo, 61 Phil. 307, 314 (1935) citing Ahag v. Cabiling, 18 Phil. 415;
 People v. Tomaquin, G.R. No. 133188, July 23, 2004;

 Electronic Documents
 Doc Stamps

C. Offer and Objection

 Republic v. Sandiganbayan, 4th Div., G.R> No. 152375, December 16, 2011;
 HEIRS OF PEDRO PASAG et al. v. SPOUSES LORENZO and FLORENTINA PAROCHA, PRISCILLA
ABELERA, and MARIA VILORIA PASAG, G.R. No. 155483, 27 April 2007
 Heirs of Cruz-Zamora v. Multiwood Inter. Inc., 19 Jan 09

1. Offer of evidence
 Westmont Investment Corporation v. Amos Francis, Jr., G.R. No. 194128,
December 7, 2011;

2. When to make offer

 Wainwright Rivera v. Honorable Associate Justice of the 4th Div., Sandiganbayan
Rodolfo Palattao, et. Al., G.R. No. 157824, January 17, 2005;
 3. Objection
 People of the Philippines v. Roger Mendoza Y Dela Cruz, G.R. No. 180501,
December 24, 2008;
 People v. Baida Salak, G.R. No. 181249, march 14, 2011;
 Malayan Insurance Co., Inc. vs. Alberto, G.R. No. 194320, February 1, 2012

4. When repetition of objection unnecessary

5. Ruling
 Rodson Phils., Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 141857, June 9, 2004;

6. Striking out answer

 Spouses Dela Cruz v. Papa Iv, G.R. No. 185899, December 8, 2010;

7. Tender of excluded evidence

 Jose R. Catacutan v. People, G.R. No. 175991, August 31, 2011;
 Yu v. CA, G.R. 154115, 29 Nov 05

VII. Weight and Sufficiency of Evidence (Rule 133)

 Siao Aba et. Al. v. Atty. Salvador De Guzman, jr., A.C. No. 7649, December 14,
2011;
 People v. Lucena, G.R. No. 137281, April 3, 2001;
 People v. De Guzman Y Danzil, G.R. No. 186498, March 26, 2010;
 Manalo v. Roldan-Confessor, G.R. No. 102358, November 19, 1992 cited in
Sheryl Dela Cruz v. Pamela P. Malunao, A.M. No. P-11-3019, March 20, 2012,
Per Curiam;
 People of the Philippines vs. Mario Villanueva Baga, G.R. No. 189844, November 15,
2010
 Lim vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 102784, February 28, 1996
 Aba vs. De Guzman, A.C. No. 7649, December 14, 2011

A. Proof beyond reasonable doubt

 People v. Rubio, G.R. No. 179748, October 2, 2009;
 People of the Philippines vs. Claro, G.R. No. 199894, April 5, 2017
 Daayata vs. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 205745, March 8, 2017

B. Clear and Convincing Evidence

 Governemnt of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region v. Olalia, jr., G.R. No.
153675, April 19, 2007;
 Pangasinan vs. Almazora, G.R. No. 200558, July 1, 2015
 Sps. Palada vs. Solidbank Corporation, G.R. No. 172227, June 29, 2011
 People of the Philippines vs. Carillo, G.R. No. 212814, July 12, 2017
 People of the Philippines vs. Buenaventura, G.R. No. 184807, November
23, 2011
 People of the Philippines vs. Alberto, G.R. No. 179717, February 5, 2010
 People of the Philippines vs. Villegas, G.R. No. 138782, September 27,
2002)
 San Juan vs. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 177191, May 30, 2011
 Manzano vs. Garcia, G.R. No. 179323, November 28, 2011


C. Preponderance of evidence, how determined

 Maria Lourdes Tamani et. Al. v. Roman Salvador and Filomena Bravo, G.R. No.
171497, April 4, 2011;
 Borlongan vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 120267, January 25, 2000
 Evangelista vs. Sps. Andolong, G.R. No. 221770, November 16, 2016
 Duarte vs. Duran, G.R. No. 173038, September 14, 2011
  Republic of the Philippines vs. De Borja, G.R. No. 187448, January 9,
2017

D. Substantial evidence
 Ang Tibay vs. Court of Industrial Relations, G.R. No. L-46496, February
27, 1940
 Career Philippines Shipmanagement, Inc. v. Salvador T. Serna, G.R. No. 172086,
December 3, 2012;
 Department of Health, G.R. No. 204766, March 6, 2017
 Dayo vs. Status Maritime Corporation, G.R. No. 210660, January 21, 2015

E. Extrajudicial confession, not sufficient ground for conviction

F. Circumstantial evidence, when sufficient
 Nover Bryan Salvador Y De Leon v. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 164266,
July 23, 2008;
 People v. Melanio Galo, et. al., G.R. No. 187497, October 12, 2011;
 People vs. Carlito Pabol, G.R. No. 187084 October 12, 2009

G. Power of the court to stop further evidence

H. Evidence on motion

VIII. Perpetuation of Testimony (Rule 134)

 [NOTE: This rule will be transposed to Part 1 of the Rules of Court on Deposition and
Discovery]

IX. Rule on Examination of a Child witness (A.M. No. 004-07-SC)

a) Applicability of the rule
b) Meaning of “child witness”
c) Competency of a child witness
d) Examination of a child witness
e) Live-link TV testimony of a child witness
f) Videotaped deposition of a child witness
g) Hearsay exception in child abuse cases
h) Sexual abuse shield rule
i) Protective orders
 Dulla v. Court of Appeals and Andrea Ortega, G.R. No. 123164, February
18, 2000;
 People v. Mendiola, G.R. No. 134846, August 8, 2000;
 People of the Philippines v. Roger Rama, G.R. No. 136304, January 25,
2001;

X. Environmental Cases

 WEST TOWER CONDOMINIUM CORPORATION, ET. AL. V. FIRST PHILIPPINE INDUSTRIAL

CORPORATION, G.R. No. 194239, June 16, 2015
XI. MISC Topics

 MTRCB: FEDERICO "TOTO" NATIVIDAD v. MOVIE AND TELEVISION REVIEW AND

CLASSIFICATION BOARD (MTRCB), represented by its Chairperson MA. CONSOLIZA T.
LAGUARDIA; Spouses THELMA J. CHIONG and DIONISIO F. CHIONG; and MARICHU S.
JIMENEA, G.R. No. 161422, December 13, 2007

XII. Update on Supreme Court rulings

 People v. Romeo Dansico, G.R. No. 178060, February 2, 2011;
 People of the Philippines v. Johbert Amodia Y Baba, G.R. No. 177356, November 20,
2008;
 People v. Guillermo, G.R. No. 177138, January 26, 2010;
 Cirse Francisco Choy Torralba v. People, G.R. No. 153699, August 22, 2005;
 People v. Cerilla, G.R. No. 177147, November 28, 2007;
  People v. Adoviso, G.R. No. 116196-97, June 23, 1999;
 People v. Cargo, G.R. No. 132676, April 4, 2001, Per Curiam, citing People v.
Reanzares, G.R. No. 130656, June 29, 2000;
 Macalinao v. Ong, G.R. No. 146635, December 14, 2005;
 Jao v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-49162, July 28, 1987;
 People v. Aliviano, G.R. No. 133985, July 10, 2000;
 People v. Dalandas, G.R. No. 140209, December 27, 2002;
 People v. Butiong, G.R. No. 168932, October 19, 2011;
 People v. Arsenio Cabanilla, G.R. No. 185839, November 17, 2010;
 People of the Philippines v. Patricio Rayon, Sr., G.R. No. 194236, January 30, 2013;
 People of the Philippines v. William Mangune, G.R. No. 186463, November 14, 2012;
 People of the Philippines v. Rey Monticalvo, G.R. No. 193507, January 30, 2013;
 Ng Meng Tam vs. China Banking Corporation, G.R. No. 214054, August 5,
2015

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