14

1. (c) 5 P4 . The total number of injective mappings from the cos 2 x(1 − 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x )
=−∫ dx
set containing m elements into the set containing n 1 − 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x
elements (n > m) is n Pm.
= − ∫ cos 2 x dx
2. (a) We have, y = cos −1 x 1
I = − sin 2 x + c
⇒ x = cos y 2
dx 1
= − sin y ∴ A=−
dy 2
dy → → → → → → → → → → → →
⇒ = − cosec y 7. (b)| a+ b+ c|2 =| a|2 +| b|2 +|c |2 + 2 ( a⋅ b + b⋅ c + c ⋅ a)
dx → → → → → →
d 2y dy ⇒ 0 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 ( a⋅ b + b⋅ c + c ⋅ a)
⇒ = cosec y cot y
dx 2 dx → → →
[Q| a| = | b| = |c | = 1]
= − cosec y cot y
2
→ → → → → → 3
∴ a⋅ b + b⋅ c + c ⋅ a = −
3. (c) We know that greatest integer function is 2
discontinuous at all integers. π /2
8. (d) Let I = ∫0 1 − sin 2 x dx
∴ x − [ x ] is discontinuous at all integral points.
π
1  A 1  B 2 ⇒ I=∫ (cos x − sin x )2 dx
4. (c) Given, P( A) = , P   = , P   = 0
4  B 2  A 3 π /2
⇒ I=∫ (cos x − sin x )dx
 B 1 2 1 0
P( A ∩ B) = P( A) × P   = × = π /4
 A 4 3 6 ⇒ I=∫ (cos x − sin x )dx
0 π /2
1 +∫ ( sin x − cos x )dx
P( A ∩ B) 6 1 π /4
P(B) = = =
 A 1 3 ⇒ I = [sin x + cos x ]π0 / 4 + [− cos x − sin x ]ππ // 24
P 
 B 2 π π

⇒ I = sin + cos  − [sin 0 + cos 0 ]
5. (d) We have, R( x ) = 3 x + 36 x + 5
2  4 4

d (R( x ))  π π  π π
Marginal Revenue, MR = − cos + sin  + cos 4 + sin 4 
dx  2 2
d (3 x 2 + 36 x + 5)  1 1  1 1 
= ⇒ I= +  − (0 + 1) − [0 + 1] +  +
dx  2 2  2 2 
= 6 x + 36 2 2
MR at x = 15, then ⇒ I= − 1− 1+
2 2
MR = 6(15) + 36 = 90 + 36 = 126
⇒ I = 2 2 − 2 = 2( 2 − 1)
∴ MR = ` 126
sin 8 x − cos 8 x 9. (a) Given, the probability of solving the problem by A, B
6. (a) Let I = ∫ dx
1 − 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x 1 1 1
and C are , and , respectively.
(sin x + cos x )(sin x − cos x )(sin x + cos x )
2 2 2 2 4 4 2 3 4
=∫ dx
1 − 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x ∴ Probability that the problem is not solved

cos 2 x [(sin x + cos x ) − (2 sin x cos x )]

2 2 2 2 2 = P( A) × P(B ) × P(C )
= −∫ dx 1 2 3 1
1 − 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x = × × =
2 3 4 4

1
 ∴ Required probability
2 2
 1  1 3
⇒   +   + cos γ = 1 ⇒ + cos γ = 1
2 2

= 1 − Probability of problem is not solved  2  2 4

1 3 3 1 1
= 1− = ⇒ cos 2 γ = 1 − = ⇒ cos γ =
4 4 4 4 2
dy π
10. (c) We have, cos x + y sin x = 1 ∴ γ=
dx 3
dy sin x 1 Or
⇒ = y=
dx cos x cos x → →
sin x 1 Given, a = 2 i$ + 2 $j − 5k$ and b = 2 i$ + $j − 7 k$
Here, P = and Q = →
cos x cos x →
a + b = 4 i$ + 3 $j − 12 k$
Integrating factor = e ∫
Pdx
→ →
→ → a+ b
sin x Unit vector along the direction a + b is
∫ cos xdx → →
=e | a + b|
= e − logcos x 4 i$ + 3 $j − 12 k$ 4 $ 3 $ 12 $
∴ = i + j − k
1 16 + 9 + 144 13 13 13
= (cos x )−1 = = sec x
cos x
18. We have,
11. both one-one and onto.  5 x − 4, 0 < x ≤1
Or f( x) =  2
 4 x + 3 ax, 1 < x <2
reflexive. Here, f(1) = 5 (1) − 4 = 1
12. continuous. ∴ lim f ( x ) = lim f (1 + h )
x → 1+ h→ 0

13. bounded. = lim 4(1 + h )2 + 3 a (1 + h ) = 4 + 3 a

h→ 0

14. scalar. and lim f ( x ) = lim f (1 − h )

x → 1− h→ 0
Or = lim 5 (1 − h ) − 4 = 1
h→ 0
Value of the determinants. Q f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1.
15. tangent. ∴ lim f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f (1)
x → 1+ x→1
1 x y+ z
1− 4
16. Let A = 1 y z+ x ⇒ 4 + 3 a = 1⇒ a = = −1
3
1 z x+ y
∴ For a = − 1, the given function is continuous at x = 1.
On applying C3 → C3 + C2, we get 2
19. Let I = ∫ e x − [ x ] dx
1 x x+ y+ z 0

A= 1 y x+ y+ z
1 2
= ∫ e x −[ x ] dx + ∫ e x −[ x ] dx
0 1
1 z x+ y+ z 1 2
= ∫ e dx + x
∫ e ( x − 1)
dx
On taking ( x + y + z ) common from C3, we get 0 1

1 x 1 [Q[ x ] = 0, 0 < x < 1 and [ x ] = 1, 1 < x < 2]

A = ( x + y + z) 1 y 1 = [e x ] 10 + [e x − 1 ] 12 = [e − e 0 ] + [e − e 0 ]
1 z 1
= (e − 1) + (e − 1) = 2e − 2 = 2(e − 1)
Here, two columns C1 and C3 are identical. dy
20. Given that, = 2y − x
∴ A=0 dx
17. We know that, dy 2 y
⇒ =
cos 2 α + cos 2 β + cos 2 γ = 1 dx 2 x
π π ⇒
dy dx
=
Here, α = and β =
3 4 2y 2x
2 π 2 π On integrating both sides, we get
So, cos + cos + cos γ = 1
2

3 4
∫2 dy = ∫ 2 − xdx
−y

2
 −y −x
dx
⇒ −2log 2 = − 2log 2 + C So, = 10 cm / s
dt
(2 − x − 2 − y ) ∴
dV
= 3 x 2(10 ) = 30 x 2cm 3 / s
⇒ =C
log 2 dt

⇒ 2 − x − 2 − y = C log 2 Thus, when x = 5 cm, then

dV
⇒ 2 −x
−2 −y
=C = 30(5)2 = 750 cm 3 / s
dt
→ → → → → → →
21. LHS = [ a + b + c a + b a + c ] Hence, the volume of the cube is increasing at the rate of
→ → → → → → → 750 cm 3 / s when the edge is 5 cm long. (1)
= ( a + b + c )⋅ [( a + b) × ( a + c )]
→ → → → → → → → → → → Or
= ( a + b + c )⋅ [( a × a) + ( a × c ) + (b × a) + (b × c )]
[by using distributive law] We have, 25.2
→ → → → → → → → →
= ( a + b + c )⋅ [0 − (c × a) − ( a × b) + (b × c )] Consider f ( x ) = x
→ → → → → → → → → → Let x = 25 and ∆x = 0.2
[Q a × a = 0, a × c = − c × a, b × a = − a × b] (1) 1
→ → → → → → → → → ∴ f′ ( x) =
= − a ⋅ (c × a) − a ⋅ ( a × b) + a ⋅ (b × c ) 2 x (1)
→ → → → → → → → →
− b ⋅ (c × a) − b ⋅ ( a × b) + b ⋅ (b × c ) Now, f ( x + ∆x ) ≈ f ( x ) + ∆xf ′ ( x )
→ → → → → → → → → 1
− c ⋅ (c × a) − c ⋅ ( a × b) + c ⋅ (b × c ) ⇒ x + ∆x ≈ x + ⋅ ∆x
→→→ →→→ →→→
2 x
= − [ a c a] − [ a a b] + [ a bc ] 0.2
→→→ →→→ →→→ →→→ →→→ →→→
⇒ 25.2 ≈ 25 +
− [bc a] − [b a b] + [b bc ] − [c c a] − [c a b] + [c bc ] 2 25
0.2
→→→ →→→
= − 0 − 0 + [ a bc ] − [bc a] − 0 + 0 − 0 − [c a b] + 0
→→→ = 5+ = 5.02
10
[Q scalar triple product of two equal vector is zero] ∴ 25.2 = 5.02 (1)
→→→ →→→ →→→ →→→ →→→ →→→
= [ a bc ] − [ a bc ] − [ a bc ] [Q[bc a] = [c a b] = [ a bc ]]
2
24. Let I = ∫− 1 (| x + 1| + | x | + | x − 1|) dx
→ → →
= − [ a b c ] = RHS Hence proved. (1) 0
= ∫ (| x + 1| + | x | + | x − 1|) dx
−1
22. Given, (4 A − 3B) = 4 A + (−3B) 1

4 ⋅ 3 4 ⋅ 5  12 20 
∫ (| x + 1| + | x | + | x − 1|) dx
+
0
4A =  =
2
Now,  + ∫ (| x + 1| + | x | + | x − 1|) dx (1)
4 ⋅ 7 4 ⋅ (−9) 28 −36 1
0 1
(−3)⋅ 6 (−3)⋅ (−4) = ∫ [( x + 1) − x − ( x − 1)] dx + ∫ [( x + 1) + x − ( x − 1)] dx
and −3B = (−3)⋅ B =  
−1 0

(−3)⋅ 2 (−3)⋅ 3  2
+ ∫ [( x + 1) + x + ( x − 1)] dx
−18 12 
1

= 0
= ∫ (− x + 2 ) dx +
1 2

 −6 −9

(1) −1 ∫ ( x + 2 ) dx + ∫ (3 x ) dx
0 1
0 1 2
∴ 4 A − 3B = 4 A + (−3B)  − x2   x2   3x 2 
= + 2 x +  + 2 x +  2 
12 20  −18 12   2 − 1  2 0  1
= +  
28 −36  −6 −9   1    1    3
= (−0 + 0 ) −  − − 2  +  + 2 − (0 + 0 ) + 6 − 2 
12 + (−18) 20 + 12  −6 32    2    2  
= =  5 5 9 19
 28 + (−6) −36 + (−9) 22 −45 = + + =
2 2 2 2 (1)
−6 32 
Hence, (4 A − 3B) =   25. We have, a function f : [0, 1] → [0, 1] is defined by
22 −45 (1)
 x, if x is rational
f( x) = 
23. Let x be the length of an edge of cube and V be the 1 − x, if x is irrational
volume of the cube. Then, V = x 3
Case I When x is rational.
∴ Rate of change of volume w.r.t. time, we get Then, (fof ) ( x ) = f (f ( x )) = f ( x ) = x (1)
dV d 3 dx
= ( x ) = 3x 2 Case II When x is irrational.
dt dt dt (1)
It is given that edge of the cube is increasing at the rate of Then, (fof ) ( x ) = f (f ( x )) = f (1 − x ) = 1 − (1 − x ) = x
10 cm/s. Hence, (fof ) ( x ) = x ∀ x ∈ [0, 1] (1)

3
 Or From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
Given, a function f : N → N, f ( x ) = 2 x c 2 = 2c 2 + b
For one-one. ⇒ b = −c 2
Let x1, x2 ∈ N, such that Hence, a = 2c and b = −c 2. (1)
f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 ) ⇒ 2 x1 = 2 x2 ⇒ x1 = x2 28. We have,
so f is one-one (1)  a cos x − b sin x 
LHS = tan −1  
For onto, let y ∈ N (codomain) be any arbitrary element  b cos x + a sin x 
y  a cos x − b sin x 
Then, y = f( x) ⇒ y = 2 x ⇒ x =
2 −1  b cos x 
= tan 
b cos x + a sin x 
1
Now, for y = 1, x = ∈  
/ N.  b cos x 
2
[on dividing numerator and denominator by b cos x]
So, f is not onto. (1)
 a 
− tan x
26. We have, −1  b  −1  p − q 
= tan   = tan  ,
a
1 + tan x   1 + pq 
X 1 2 3 4
 b 
1 1 3 2
P( X ) a
10 5 10 5 where = p and tan x = q (2)
b
E( X ) = ∑ X P( X ) a
= tan −1 p − tan −1 q = tan −1 − tan −1(tan x )
1 1 3 2 b
= 1× + 2 × + 3× + 4×
10 5 10 5  a 
=  tan −1 − x = RHS
1 + 4 + 9 + 16  b 
= =3 (1)
10  a cos x − b sin x   −1 a 
Hence, tan −1   =  tan − x .
 b cos x + a sin x   
Variane ( X ) = ∑ X P( X ) − [E( X )]
2 2 b (2)
 1 1 3 2 Or
= 1 × + 4× + 9× + 16 ×  − (3)2
 10 5 10 5  1 + sin x + 1 − sin x 
LHS = cot −1  
1 + 8 + 27 + 64
= − 9 = 10 − 9 = 1  1 + sin x − 1 − sin x 
10 (1)
Consider, 1 + sin x
27. It is given that f ( x ) is differentiable at x = c and every x x x x
= cos 2 + sin 2 + 2 sin cos
differentiable function is continuous. So, f ( x ) is 2 2 2 2
continuous at x = c . 2
 x x x x
= cos + sin  = cos + sin
∴ lim f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = f (c )  2 2 2 2
x→ c − x→ c

x x x x
⇒ lim x = lim (ax + b) = c 2
2
[using definition of f ( x )] Similarly, 1 − sin x = cos 2 + sin 2 − 2 sin cos
x→ c x→ c
2 2 2 2
⇒ c 2 = ac + b …(i) (1)  x x x
2
x
= cos − sin  = cos − sin (2)
Now, f ( x ) is differentiable at x = c  2 2 2 2
⇒ (LHD at x = c ) = (RHD at x = c )   π  x x
2
x x
f ( x ) − f (c ) f ( x ) − f (c ) Q x ∈ 0, , cos − sin  = cos − sin 
⇒ lim = lim+   4  2 2 2 2

x→ c − x −c x→ c x −c
x2 − c 2 (ax + b) − c 2  1 + sin x + 1 − sin x 
⇒ lim = lim ∴ LHS = cot −1  
x→ c x −c x → c x −c  1 + sin x − 1 − sin x 
[using definition of f ( x ) ]  x x  x x 
 cos 2 + sin 2  + cos 2 − sin 2  
x −c2 2
ax + b − (ac + b) = cot −1  
⇒ lim = lim
x→ c x −c x→ c x −c  cos x + sin x  − cos x − sin x  
[using Eq. (i)]   2 2  2 2  
a( x − c )  x
⇒ lim ( x + c ) = lim 2 cos 
x −c −1   x x
x→ c x→ c
= cot  2 = cot −1 cot  = = RHS
⇒ lim ( x + c ) = lim a (2) x   2 2
x→ c x→ c  2 sin 
 2 
⇒ 2c = a Hence proved.(2)

4
 dx x − 4 y + 1 z −1
29. Let I = ∫ and = = … (ii) (1)
sin 4 x + cos 4 x −3 2 5

On dividing numerator and denominator by cos 4 x, Let a, b and c be the direction ratios of the required line.
we get Q Required line is perpendicular to line (i) and (ii)
sec 4 x sec 2 x(1 + tan 2 x ) ∴ (1) a + 2 b + 3 c = 0
I=∫ dx = ∫ dx … (iii)
tan x + 1
4
1 + tan 4 x and (− 3) a + 2 b + 5 c = 0 … (iv) (1)
[Q sec 2 x = 1 + tan 2 x ](1)
[Q these two lines with direction ratios a1, b1, c1
Put t = tan x ⇒ dt = sec 2 x dx and a2, b2, c 2 are perpendicular]
1
1+ 2 ∴ a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c 2 = 0
1+ t2
∴ I=∫ dt = ∫ t dt On solving Eqs. (iii) and (iv), by cross-multiplication,
1+ t4 1
+ t2
2 we get
t
[on dividing numerator and denominator by t 2] (1) a b c
= =
1 2 −7 4
1+ 2
=∫ t
2
dt ∴The desired line has direction ratios 2, − 7, 4. (1)
 1
t −  + 2 Now, required equation of the line which passes through
 t
the point (2, 1, 3) and (2, −7, 4) as its direction ratios, will
1  1 be
Put u = t − ⇒ du = 1 + 2  dt
t  t  x −2 y −1 z − 3
= = .
du 2 −7 4 (1)
∴ I=∫ (1)
u2 + 2
31. Let E1: the event that the item is produced by machine A.
1 u  dx 1 −1 x
=
2
tan − 1
2
+c Q ∫ x 2 + a2 = a tan a  E2 : the event that the item is produced by machine B.
and E3 : the event that the item is produced by machineC.
 1
t −  ∴ P(E1 ) = 30% =
30
1  t  1 ,
= tan − 1 +c Q u = t − t  100 (1)
2 2 50
P(E2 ) = 50% =
1 (t 2 − 1) 100
= tan − 1 +c
2 2t (1) 20
and P(E3 ) = 20% =
1  tan 2 x − 1 100
= tan − 1   +c [Q t = tan x ]
2  2 tan x  Let E : the event that the item chosen is defective
 E
30. Since, the plane passes through the point A(2, 0, − 1). ∴ P   = P(machine A produced defective items)
 E1 
→ 3
∴ Position vector of point A, a = 2 i$ − k$ (1) = 3% =
100 (1)
Q The given plane is perpendicular to the line joining the
 E
points (1, 2, 3) and (3, − 1, 6). P   = P(machine B produced defective items)
 E2 
Whose DR’s is (3 − 1), (− 1 − 2 ), (6 − 3) i.e. 2, − 3, 3. (1)
4
→ = 4% =
Now, normal vector n perpendicular to the plane is 100
→
n = 2 i$ − 3 $j + 3 k$  E
and P   = P(machine C produced defective items)
 E3 
∴ The vector equation of the plane is
1
→ →
r ⋅ n = a⋅ n
→ → = 1% =
(1) 100
→
⇒ r ⋅ (2 i − 3 j + 3 k$ ) = (2 i$ − k$ )⋅ (2 i$ − 3 $j + 3 k$ )
$ $ The probability that the selected item was from machine
= (2 ) (2 ) + (0 ) (− 3) + (− 1) (3) = 1 E 
B, given that it is defective, is given by P  2  .
 E (1)
Hence, the required vector equation of the plane
→
By using Baye’s theorem, we get
r ⋅ (2 i$ − 3 $j + 3k$ ) = 1. (1)  E
P   P(E2 )
Or E   E2 
P 2 =
Given lines are  E  E  E  E
P   P(E1 ) + P   P(E2 ) + P   P(E3 )
x −1 y + 1 z −2  1
E  2
E  E3 
= = … (i)
1 2 3

5
 4 50 1
× then S = 2 × × AM × MP = (OA − OM ) × MP
= 100 100 2
3 30 4 50 1 20 = (a − a cos θ ) ⋅ b sin θ
× + × + ×
100 100 100 100 100 100  1 
⇒ S = ab (sin θ − sin θ cos θ ) = ab sin θ − sin 2θ
200 200 20  2 
= = =
90 + 200 + 20 310 31 (1)
Y
∴Probability that the selected was not manufactured by
E  20 11 P(a cos θ, b sin θ)
machine B = 1 − P  2  = 1 − =
 E 31 31 (1) X′ X
O M A(a, 0)
32. Let x units of A and y units of B are produced. Q(a cos θ, – b sin θ)
Then, LPP is
Maximise Z = 100 x + 120 y Y′ (1)
Subject to the constraints On differentiating w.r.t. θ, we get
dS
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 = ab (cos θ − cos 2θ )
dθ
2 x + 3 y ≤ 30 Again, differentiating w.r.t. θ, we get
and 3 x + y ≤ 17 d 2S
= ab (− sin θ + 2 sin 2θ )
dθ 2
dS
For maxima or minima, put =0
dθ
2π
⇒ cos θ = cos 2θ ⇒ 2θ = 2 π − θ ⇒ θ =
3(1)
2 π  d 2S   2π  2π  
At θ = ,  = ab − sin + 2 sin 2 × 
3  dθ 2  θ = 2π  3  3  
3

  π  π 
= ab − sin  π −  + 2 sin  π +  
  3  3 
  π π 
 π π Q sin  π − 3  = sin 3 ,
= ab  − sin − 2 sin   
 3 3  sin  π + π  = − sin π 
  3 3 
(2)
Plotting the graph of inequations we notice, shaded  3 2 3  −3 3  −3 3ab
= ab  − −  = ab   = <0
portion represents the optimum solution.  2 2   2  2
 17  2π
Feasible points for maximum revenue are A , 0 , ∴ S is maximum, when θ = .
 3  3 (1)
B(3, 8) and C(0, 10 ).
and maximum value of
Corner points Z = 100 x + 120 y  2π 1 2π 2π 
S = ab sin − ⋅ 2 sin cos 
 3 2 3 3
 17  1700
+ 0 = 566.67
A  , 0 [Qsin 2θ = 2 sin θ cos θ]
 3  3
  π  π  π 
= ab sin  π −  − sin  π −  cos  π −  
B(3, 8) 300 + 960 =1260 (Maximum)   3  3  3 

C (0, 10 ) 0 + 1200 = 1200  π π  π 

= ab sin − sin  − cos  
 3 3 3  (1)
Revenue is maximum at B (3, 8) i.e. x = 3, y = 8.
 π π π  3 3 1
Hence, 3 units of A and 8 units of B must be produced to = absin + sin cos  = ab  + × 
get maximum revenue of ` 1260. (2)  3 3 3  2 2 2
x2 y2  2 3 + 3 3 3
33. Let the equation of an ellipse be + = 1, then any = ab   = ab sq units
a2 b2  4  4
point P on the ellipse is (a cos θ, b sin θ ). Thus, maximum area of isosceles triangle is
From P, draw PM ⊥ OX and produce it to meet the ellipse 3 3
atQ, then APQ is an isosceles triangle, letS be its area, ab sq units.
4 (1)

6
34. Given, vertices of triangular region are P(1, 0 ), Q(2, 2 )  5 2   5 −1  1    1 
= 1 + sin −1  − −1 + sin  −  − − +1
and R(3, 1.)  2 5   2  5    2 
Q Equation of the line joining points ( x1, y1 ) and ( x2, y2 ) is  1  1 
y − y1 + − − 1 − [2 − 2 ] +  − 1
( y − y1 ) = 2 ( x − x1 )  2  2 
x2 − x1 (1) 5 −1 2 5 1 1 3 1
2−0 = 1+ sin + 1 + sin −1 − − − (1)
Equation of line PQ is y − 0 = ( x − 1) 2 5 2 5 2 2 2
2 −1
Y 5 −1  2 1 1 4 1
= sin  1− + 1−  − (1)
Q (2, 2)
2  5 5 5 5 2
5 −1  4 1  1
R (3, 1) = sin  +  −
2  5 5 2
X′ X
O P (1, 0) M N 5 π 1 1
= ⋅ − = (5π − 2 )sq units (1)
2 2 2 4
Y′ (1)
35. Equation of the plane passing through the three points
⇒ y = 2( x − 1)
with position vector i$ + $j − 2 k$, 2 i$ − $j + k$ and i$ + 2 $j + k$
Equation of line QR is
is (1)
1− 2
y −2 = ( x − 2) ⇒ y = 2 − ( x − 2) = 4 − x x −1 y −1 z + 2
3−2
2 − 1 − 1− 1 1+ 2 = 0
Equation of line PR is (1)
1− 1 2 −1 1+ 2
1− 0 1 1
y−0 = ( x − 1) ⇒ y = 0 + ( x − 1) = ( x − 1) x −1 y −1 z + 2
3−1 2 2
Area of ∆PQR = Area(PMQ ) + Area(QMNR ) − Area(PNR ) ⇒ 1 −2 3 =0
2 3 3 1 0 1 3
= ∫ 2( x − 1) dx + ∫ (4 − x ) dx − ∫ ( x − 1)
1 2 1 2 (1) ⇒ ( x − 1) (− 6 − 3) − ( y − 1) (3 − 0 ) + ( z + 2 ) (1 + 0 ) = 0
2 3 3
 x2   x2  1  x2  ⇒ ( x − 1) (− 9) − ( y − 1) (3) + ( z + 2 ) (1) = 0
= 2  − x  + 4 x −  −  − x 
 2 1  2 2 2  2 1 ⇒ − 9x + 9 − 3y + 3 + z + 2 = 0
 1   9  ⇒ 9 x + 3 y − z = 14 … (i)
= 2 (2 − 2 ) −  − 1  + 12 − 2  − (8 − 2 )
 2     Now, equation of the plane in vector form is (2)
→
1  9  1  r ⋅ (9i$ + 3 $j − k$ ) = 14
−  − 3 −  − 1 
2  2  2  
Vector equation of given line is
3 3
= 1+ − 1= sq units →
2 2 (2) r = (3i$ − $j − k$ ) + λ (2 i$ − 2 $j + k$ )
Or Equation of line in cartesian form is
Corresponding equations are y =| x − 1|and y = 5 − x 2 x−3 y+1 z+1
= = =λ
2 −2 1 (1)
Y
and any point on the given line is
(–1,2) (2 λ + 3, − 2 λ − 1, λ − 1)
(2,1)
y=√5–x
2 For point of intersection, this point must satisfy the
y=

plane (i).
–
–x+

y=x

∴ 9 (2 λ + 3) + 3 (− 2 λ − 1) − (λ − 1) = 14
1

X′ X
–√5 –1 0 1 2 √5
⇒ 18λ + 27 − 6λ − 3 − λ + 1 = 14
Y′ (1½)
⇒ 11λ + 25 = 14 ⇒ 11λ = − 11 ⇒ λ = − 1
Eliminating y, we get| x − 1| = 5 − x 2
∴ Point of intersection is
⇒ x 2 + 1 − 2 x = 5 − x 2 ⇒ x = 2, − 1 (2(− 1) + 3, − 2(− 1) − 1, − 1 − 1) ≡ (1, 1, − 2 ) (2)
2 1 2
∴ Area = ∫ 5 − x 2dx − ∫ − ( x − 1)dx − ∫ ( x − 1)dx Or
−1 −1 1
1 2
x 5 −1 x   x 
2
x  2 2 General equation of a plane passing through the point
= 5 − x2 + sin  − − + x −  − x (2, 1, − 1)is a( x − 2 ) + b( y − 1) + c ( z + 1) = 0 …(i) (1)
2 2 5  −1  2  −1  2 1
(1½)

7
 If this plane passes through the point (−1, 3, 4), then Now, expand first determinant along C1 and expand
a (−3) + b(2 ) + c (5) = 0 …(ii) (1) second determinant along C3, we get
 b + a b2 + a2 + ab
Plane (i) is perpendicular to the plane ∆ = abc (b − a)(c − a) 
c + a a + c + ac 
2 2
x − 2 y + 4 z = 10.
∴ a (1) + b(−2 ) + c (4) = 0 …(iii) (1) 1 b2 + a2 + ab  (1)
− (b − a)(c − a) 
1 a + c + ac 
2 2
Eliminating a, b and c from Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
x −2 y −1 z + 1 On applying R2 → R2 − R1 in both the determinant, we get
−3 2 5 =0 b + a b2 + a2 + ab 
∆ = abc (b − a)(c − a) 
1 −2 4 c − b c − b + a(c − b
2 2

⇒ ( x − 2 )(18) − ( y − 1)(−17 ) + ( z + 1)(4) = 0 1 b2 + a2 + ab 

⇒ 18 x − 36 + 17 y − 17 + 4 z + 4 = 0 −(b − a)(c − a) 
 0 c − b + a(c − b)
2 2

⇒ 18 x + 17 y + 4 z − 49 = 0 is the equation of the plane.

r
(2) On taking (c − b) common from R2 in both the
or r ⋅ (18 i$ + 17 $j + 4k$ ) − 49 = 0 is vector equation of the determinant, we get
plane. (1)  b + a b2 + a2 + ab
∆ = abc (b − a)(c − a)(c − b) 
 a a3 a4 − 1  a a3 a4   a a3 −1  1 a+ b+c 
36. Let ∆ =  b b3 b4 − 1 =  b b3 b4  +  b b3 −1
       1 b2 + a2 + ab
− (b − a)(c − a)(c − b) 
c c c − 1 c c c  c c −1
3 4 3 4 3

0 a + b + c  (1)
1 a2 a3   a a3 −1
= abc (b − a)(c − a)(c − b)
= abc1 b2 b3  +  b b3 −1
    [(a + b)(a + b + c ) − (b2 + a2 + ab)]
2 3
1 c c  c c
3
−1 (1)
− (b − a)(c − a)(c − b)[a + b + c ]
[taking common a, b and c from R1, R2 and R3,
= abc (a − b)(b − c )(c − a)[a2 + ab + ac + ab
respectively in first determinant]
+ b2 + bc − (b2 + a2 + ab)]
On applying R2 → R2 − R1 and R3 → R3 − R1, we get
−1 − (a − b)(b − c )(c − a)(a + b + c )
1 a2 a3   a a3
∆ = abc0 b − a b − a  + b − a b − a3
2 2 3 3 3
0 = abc (a − b)(b − c )(c − a)(ab + bc + ca)
   
0 c − a c − a  c − a c − a − (a − b)(b − c )(c − a)(a + b + c )
2 2 3 3 3 3
0
On taking (b − a) and (c − a) common from R2 and R3, = (a − b)(b − c )(c − a)[abc (ab + bc + ca)
respectively in first and second determinant, we get − (a + b + c )] (1)
1 a 2
a  3
Now, ∆ = 0 ⇒ (a − b)(b − c )(c − a)[abc (ab + bc + ca
∆ = abc (b − a)(c − a)0 b + a b2 + a2 + ab − (a + b + c )] = 0
 
0 c + a a + c + ac
2 2
⇒ abc (ab + bc + ca) − (a + b + c ) = 0
[Q a ≠ b, b ≠ c , c ≠ a
a a3 −1

+ (b − a)(c − a) 1 b + a + ab 0  (1)
2 2 ∴a − b ≠ 0, b − c ≠ 0, c − a ≠ 0]
  ⇒ abc (ab + bc + ca) = a + b + c (1)
 1 a + c + ac 0 
2 2