Submitted To: Submitted By:

Mr Mandeep Narang Shagufa Ansari

(MHA) First Semester)

 INDEX

S. No Table Of Contents Page No

1 Introduction 4

2 Meaning Of Communication 5

3 Definitions Of Communication 6

4 Process Of Communication 7

5 Components Of Communication 9

6 Types Of Communication 11

7 Seven C’S Of Communication 13

8 Barriers To Communication 14

9 Conclusion 16

10 Bibliography 17
 Acknowledgement

The completion of this project is the result of the cooperation,

coordination and combined effect of several resources, knowledge and
time.

Hence I acknowledge my special thanks to people who directly or

indirectly helped me to complete this project. Thus helped me to
extend my knowledge and enhance it.

I am also very thankful to my teacher Mr Mandeep Narang for giving

proper guidance in completing the project which would improve and
increase our knowledge.
 Introduction

Communication is a very important in today’s life. It is the medium

through which ideas are transferred from one person to another for the
successful execution of tasks. For successful communication different
kinds of medium are used such as email, whatsapp, mobiles, letters and
many others. It can be oral as well in written form too. But sometimes
despite having so many mediums for communicating there are many
barriers which arise in between and disturb the flow of communication
from one person to another. So one must carefully analyze these
barriers so that they don’t find any difficulty in communicating.
 Communication

The word communication has been derived from the latin word
‘communis’ which means common.Therefore communication is
a process of exchange of facts, ideas, opinions and a means that
individuals or organizations convey to each other.
Definitions Of Communication

 Communication is a process of sharing experience till it

becomes a common possession. It modifies the disposition
of both parties who takes part in it. – John Dewey

 Communication is sharing of ideas and feelings in a mood of

mutuality. –Edgar Dale

 Communication is a means of persuasion to influence other

so that desired effect is achieved. –Aristotle
Communication Process
Communication is a process of exchanging verbal and non-verbal
messages. It is a continuous process.
Components Of Communication

 Context: Context affects the way communication takes

place. It may be physical, social, cultural or chronological.
Every communication proceeds with context.
 Sender: Sender is a person who sends the message. A
sender makes use of symbols like words or graphic/visual
aids to convey the message and the produce the required
response.
 Message: Message is the idea that the sender wants to
communicate to the other person. The objective of message
should be clear so that the idea can be conveyed properly.
 Encoding: The process of converting subject matter into
symbols is called encoding. The message or subject matter
of any communication is always abstract and intangible.
Transmission of message requires use of certain symbols.
 Medium: Medium is a means to exchange/transmit the
message. For instance- written medium is chosen when a
message has to be conveyed to a small group of people
while an oral medium is chosen when spontaneous feedback
 is required from the recipient as misunderstandings are
cleared then and there.
 Recipient: Recipient is the person for whom the message is

intended/aimed/targeted. The degree to which the decoder

understands the message is dependent on various factors
such as knowledge of the recipient, their responsiveness to the
message and the reliance of encoder on decoder.
 Decoding: It is the process of translation of an encoded message into
ordinary understandable language. Receiver converts the symbols,
words or signs received from the sender to get the meaning of the
message.
 Feedback: Feedback is the main component of communication
process as it permits sender to analyze the efficacy of the message. It
helps the sender in confirming the correct interpretation of message
by the decoder. It may take written form also in the form of memos,
reports etc.
 Types Of Communication
 Verbal Communication: It is the exchange of information using
words which includes both spoken and written word. The
important aspects of verbal communication are:
1. Language
2. Pacing
3. Intonation
4. Clarity and Brevity
5. Timing and relevance
 Non verbal communication: Information is exchanged through non
verbal communication in various ways. It is often referred to as
body language. Duribleby and Brutan suggested that body language
has several elements:
1. Gesture
2. Facial Expression
3. Posture
4. Gait
5. Body space and proximity
6. Touch
7. Personal appearance
8. Eye contact
 9. Sounds
10. Silence
 Symbolic Communication: It involves the verbal and non verbal
symbolism to convey meaning. Art and music are forms of symbolic
communication used by nurses to facilitate understanding and
healing for patients.
 Meta Communication: It is secondary communication about how a
piece of information is meant to be interpreted. It is based on the
idea that the same message accompanied by different meta
communication can mean something entirely different including its
opposite as in irony.
 Written Communication: Another important form of
communication is written communication. It is the best method
when the communicator and the recipient are beyond oral
communication media.
Seven C’S Of Communication
 Barriers Of Communication
 Organizational Barriers: These barriers arise when duties and line
of authority are not clearly defined. Various types of
organizational barriers are:
1. Policy
2. Rules and Regulations
3. Facilities
4. Complex Organization
5. Status and Position
 Psychological Barriers: These barriers are those which exist in the
mind of the sender and recipient. They are:
1. Poor Pronunciation
2. Confused Thinking
3. Attitude
4. Fear and Anxiety
5. Suspicion, jealousy anger
6. Lack of interest in listening to others
7. Resentment
 Mechanical Barriers: These barriers are those technical sources of
interference in the process of communication. Examples are:
1. Non availability of proper machines
2. Presence of defective machines
3. Interruption
4. Power Failure
 Perceptional Barriers: Perceptional barriers are those internal
barriers that occur within a person’s mind when the person
believes or perceives that the other person is going to speak
which they won’t be able to understand or interesting to hear.
They are:
1. Lack of common experience
2. Linguistic differences
3. Low IQ
 Physical Barriers: Physical barrier is the environmental and
natural condition that act as a barrier in communication while
message is being transferred from sender to receiver. They
include:
1. Physical health
2. Poor hearing
3. Large working areas in one unit that is physically separate
from others
 Conclusion

 Communication may break down as a result of many

communication barriers that may be attributed to the sender or
receiver.

 Therefore, effective communication requires familiarity with the

barriers. Choosing the right channel for communication is also
important, because choosing the wrong medium undermines the
message.
 Bibliography

 Google
 Wikipedia
 McGraw Hill Business Communication
 Slide share