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PENULIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD……………………………………………………………………………………. ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………………...iii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION..……………………………………………………………….1
2.1 DEFINITION………………………………………………………………………………...2
2.2 ETIOLOGY………………………………………………………………………………….2
2.3 PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL…………………………………………………………………2
3.2 REFERENCEES……………………………………………………………………………..4
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
BACK GROUND
Cases with gastritis are one type of cases that are generally suffered by teenagers, especially this
disease is increasing among students. caused by various factors such as irregular eating patterns, wrong
lifestyles and increased activity so that students do not have time to regulate their eating patterns and
are lazy to eat (Fahrur, 2009). Common symptoms that occur in gastritis sufferers are abdominal
discomfort, flatulence, headaches and nausea which can interfere with daily activities, discomfort in the
epigastrium, nausea, vomiting, burning or pain such as burning in the upper abdomen which can get
better or worse when eating, loss of appetite, belching, and bloating. It can also be accompanied by
fever, chills (cold), and hiccups if this gastritis continues to be left, will result in more severe and
eventually gastric acid will cause sores wounds (ulcers), known as peptic ulcers. It could even be
accompanied by vomiting of blood (irifianto, 2006).
1. To know the definition of gastritis 2. to find out the cause of inflammation of the stomach
(gastritis).
4. To find out the treatment that can be done for people with gastritis.
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIE
2.1. DEFINITION
Gastritis is inflammation of the gastric mucosa, often due to an indiscriminate diet. Usually
these individuals eat too much or too fast or eat foods that are too spicy or contain microorganisms
that cause disease (zmelser2002).
Gastritis is inflammation of the gastric mucosa, as a result of indiscriminate diet, eating too
much or too fast & eating foods that are too spicy or containing microorgnism causing disease, in
addition other causes include alcohol, aspiration, bile reflux, radiation therapy.
2.2 ETIOLOGY
1. Acute gastritis causes are analgesic, anti-inflammatory especially aspirin (low-dose aspirin can
cause gastric mucosal erosion). Chemicals such as 3 lisol, alcohol, smoking, caffeine pepper,
steroids and digitalis.
2. Chronic arthritis causes and pathogenesis in general are unknown. This gastritis is a common
occurrence in the elderly, but is suspected in alcoholic drinkers, and smoking.
2.3 PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL
1. Acute garthritis
Many factors cause acute gastritis, such as several types of drugs, alcohol, bacteria, viruses,
fungi, acute stress, radiation, allergies or intoxication from food ingredients and bile salt drinks,
ischemia, and direct trauma.
2. Chronic gastritis
In the case of an immune response the patient fails to overcome the infection, then slowly but
surely within a period of 3-4 weeks there will be formation and accumulation of inflammatory
cells that are chronic. This condition can replace the term acute neutrophilic gastritis with
active chronic gastritis, which is generally caused by Helicobacter pylori.
Treatment given to patients by doctors, depends on the causes and conditions that affect the
occurrence of gastritis. To treat gastritis and relieve the symptoms caused, the doctor can give
medicines in the form of:
a. Antacid medicine. Antacids are able to relieve symptoms of gastritis (especially pain)
quickly, by neutralizing stomach acid. This drug is effective in relieving the symptoms of
gastritis, especially acute gastritis. Examples of antacid drugs that can be consumed by
patients are aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide.
b. Histamine 2 inhibitor (H2 blocker). This drug is able to relieve the symptoms of gastritis
by reducing the production of acid in the stomach. Examples of histamine 2 inhibitors are
ranitidine, cimetidine, and famotidine.
c. Proton pump inhibitors (PPI). This drug has the same goal as a histamine 2 inhibitor, which
is to reduce stomach acid production, but with a different mechanism of action. Examples
of proton pump inhibitors are omeprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, rabeprazole, and
pantoprazole.
d. Antibiotic medicine. This drug is prescribed to patients with gastritis caused by a bacterial
infection, namely Helicobacter pylori. Examples of antibiotic drugs that can be given to
people with gastritis are amoxicillin, clarithromycin, tetracycline, and metronidazole.
3.1 CONCLUSIONS
Gastritis disease is part of the gastric mucosal reserves that can have acute and chronic effects,
while the causative factors or causative agents often consist of caffeine, alcohol and aspirin.
Most of the received majority did not have complaints only a large portion given to the
midriff, anorexia, because on physical examination found no abnormalities.
Complications arising from upper gastrointestinal bleeding, veins, perforation and anemia
due to impaired absorption of vitamin B 12.
In general, chronic gastritis does not require treatment, treatment is indicated only on
complaints that must be considered.
3.2 SUGGESTIONS
After knowing the conclusions above, treatment and debate can be done on gastritis sufferers, namely:
3. Avoiding gastritis with good health care and consuming good food