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Lecture 4
Carbon
Seema Rao
M.Sc (Organic Chemistry)
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A Branched Chain Hydrocarbon Is Named Using The Following General Iupac Rules:
Rule - 1
Longest Chain Rule
A Branched Chain Hydrocarbon Is Named Using The Following General Iupac Rules:
Rule - 2
Lowest number Rule
The chain selected is numbered in terms of Arabic numerals and the position of the
alkyl groups are indicated by the number of the carbon atom to which alkyl group is
attached.
1. The numbering is done in such a way that the substituent carbon atom has the
lowest possible number.
Examples
A Branched Chain Hydrocarbon Is Named Using The Following General Iupac Rules:
Rule - 3
Use of prefixes di, tri etc
If the compound contains more than one similar alkyl groups, their positions are
indicated separately and an appropriate numerical prefix, di, tri, etc., is attached to
the name of the substituents. The positions of the substituents are separated by
commas.
Rule - IV
1. Hydroxyl group (–OH): All organic compounds containing –OH group are known as
alcohols.
Example: Methanol (CH3OH), Ethanol (CH3 – CH2 – OH) etc
B. Main Functional Groups
2. Aldehyde group (–CHO): All organic compounds containing –CHO group are known
as aldehydes.
Example: Methanal (HCHO), Ethanal (CH3CHO) etc.
B. Main Functional Groups
3. Ketone group (-CO-): All organic compounds containing –CO– group are known as
ketones.
Example: 2-Propanone (CH3COCH3), 2-Butanone (CH3COCH2CH3) etc.
B. Main Functional Groups
4. Carboxyl group( –COOH): All organic acids contain carboxyl group. Hence they are
also called carboxylic acids.
Example: CH3COOH (Ethanoic acid), CH3CH2COOH (Propanoic acid).
B. Main Functional Groups
5. Halogen group (X = F, CI, Br, I): All organic compounds containing -X (F, Cl, Br or I)
group are known as halogens.
Example: Chloromethane (CH3Cl), Bromomethane (CH3Br) etc.
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