Paaras Thakur

Electricity
 Telegram
APP

tinyurl.com/unacademyfoundation
Step 1 Step 2

INSTALL
Step 3 Step 4
FOUNDATION & NTSE
Step 5 Step 6

JEELIVE

15,750
 Ohm’s Law

Is there a relationship between the potential difference across a conductor and the
current through it?
Ohm’s Law
 Ohm’s Law

R is a constant for a given metallic

wire at a given temperature and is
called its resistance
 Electrical Resistance

The obstruction offered by a conductor to the flow of electric current is called its
resistance.

The SI unit of resistance is ohm. It is

denoted by Greek symbol Ω (Omega).

Resistance of the conductor depends

(i) on its length,
(ii) on its area of cross-section, and
(iii) on the nature of its material.
 Electrical Resistance

Different values of current indicate that resistance is different for wire, bulb and torch
bulb.

Conductors

( Low R )

Resistor

( High R )

Insulator

( Very high R )
 Variable Electrical Resistance

In many practical cases it is necessary to increase or decrease the current in an

electric circuit. A component used to regulate current without changing the
voltage source is called variable resistance. In an electric circuit, a device called
rheostat is often used to change the resistance in the circuit.
 Specific resistance or resistivity

It is a characteristic property of conducting material and independent

of the size and shape of the conductor.

Thus specific resistance or resistivity can be defined as the resistance of a

conducting material having unit area of cross section and unit length.
Example The length of copper wire is 100 m and its radius is 1 mm. Calculate its
resistance if resistivity of copper is 1.72 × 10−8 Ω m.
Example The resistance of 1 m of nichrome wire is 6 Ω. Calculate its resistance if its
length is 70 cm.
Example How much current will an electric bulb draw from a 220 V source, if the
resistance of the bulb filament is 1200 Ω? (b) How much current will an
electric heater coil draw from a 220 V source, if the resistance of the heater
coil is 100 Ω?
Example The potential difference between the terminals of an electric heater is 60 V
when it draws a current of 4 A from the source. What current will the heater
draw if the potential difference is increased to 120 V?
Example Resistance of a metal wire of length 1 m is 26 Ω at 20°C. If the diameter of the
wire is 0.3 mm, what will be the resistivity of the metal at that temperature? Using
Table 12.2, predict the material of the wire.
Example A 4 Ω resistance wire is doubled on it. Calculate the new resistance of the wire.
 Questions?

1. On what factors does the resistance of a conductor depend?

1. Will current flow more easily through a thick wire or a thin wire of the same
material, when connected to the same source? Why?

1. Let the resistance of an electrical component remains constant while the potential
difference across the two ends of the component decreases to half of its former
value. What change will occur in the current through it?

1. Why are coils of electric toasters and electric irons made of an alloy rather than a
pure metal?

1. Use the data in Table 12.2 to answer the following –

(a) Which among iron and mercury is a better conductor?
(b) Which material is the best conductor?
FOUNDATION & NTSE