DRUG REVIEW

The drugs are the tools of the physician. The rational use of drug
means that the half of the treatment is over. In Ayurvedic classics, there
are a lot of single and compound drugs mentioned in several contexts.
Most of them are not re-tested according to the current research
methodology. Unless the drug is tested through this methodology the
drug will not get proper recognition in the scientific world. The logical
application of these spectra according to the different stages and
conditions of the patients and disease is the prime key for the suitability
of that drug in a given disease. Hence, considering the importance of drug
in the disease management Acharya Charaka mentioned drug as second
important factor in Chikitsa Chatushpada.

The drugs utilized in the present study are:

1. Rasnasaptak Kwath
2. Vishwadi Kwath

1. Rasnasaptak Kwath
UÉxlÉÉxÉmiÉMü YuÉÉjÉ
UÉxlÉÉ aÉÉå¤ÉÑUMæüUhQûSåuÉSÉà mÉÑlÉlÉïuÉÉ |
aÉÑQÒûcrÉÉUauÉkɶÉæuÉ YuÉÉjÉqÉåwÉÉÇ ÌuÉmÉÉcÉrÉåiÉç ||
vÉÑhPûÏcÉÔhÉåïlÉ xÉÇrÉÑ£üÇ ÌmÉoÉåeeÉXûÉMüÌOûaÉëWåû |
mÉɵÉïmÉ׸ÉåÃmÉÏQûÉrÉÉqÉÉqÉuÉÉiÉå xÉÑSÒxiÉUå ||
(vÉÉUÇaÉkÉU qÉ.ZÉÇ. 2/86-87)

Rasnasaptak Kwath has been mentioned in Sharangdhar Samhita

Madhyam Khanda. The name itself states that it has 7 ingredients
including Rasna. This kwath is useful in Katigraha as is it written in the
phalashruti.

The following table shows the contents and the pramana of the
drugs.
Ingredient Quantity
Rasna 1.part
Gokshur 1 part
Eranda 1 part
Devdaru 1 part
Punarnava 1 part
Amruta 1 part
 aragvadh 1 part
shunthi prakshep

Sr. Drug Latin Name Rasa Virya Vipak Guna

No.
1 Rasna Pluchea lanceolata Tikta Ushna Katu Guru
2 Eranda Ricinus communis Madhur Ushna Madhur Guru
Katu Snigdha
Kashay Tikshna
3 Devdaru Cedrus deodar Katu Ushna Katu Laghu
Tikta Snigdha
4 Punarnava Boerhavia diffusa Madhur Ushna Katu Laghu
Tikta Ruksha
5 Amruta Tinospora cordifolia Tikta Ushna Madhur Laghu
Kashay Snigdha
6 Aragvadh Cassia fistula Madhur Sheet Madhur Guru
Snigdha
7 Gokshur Tribulus terrestris Madhur Sheet Madhur Guru
Snigdha
8 Shunthi Zinziber officinale katu ushna Madhur Laghu
Snigdha

RASNA:

Botanical Name: Pluchea lanceolata

Family Name: Asteraceae

Sanskrit Name: Rasna, Yuktarasa, Rasya

Rasa:Tikta
Virya: Ushna

Vipaka: Katu

Guna:Guru

Prabhav: Vishghna

Dosha Karma: Vtahara, Kaphahara

Gunakarma: Pachana, Shwashar, Garbhashay Sankochak, Amapachani.

Use in Disease: Jwarghna, Amvata, Vatavyadhi, Rajyakshma,

Kashtartava, Shwas, Shoth, Udar, Kasa.

Chemical Composition: The stem and leaves of the plant contains

Moretenol, Neolupenol, Hexacosanoic and Tetracosanoic Acid,
Triacontanol, Stigmasterol and Beta-Sitosterol-D-Glucoside.

Parts used: leaves

Morphology: Rasna is a small plant growing to a height of 2-4 feet in

bushes. The flowers are white, pale yellow or pale purple. The plant is
found anc cultivated in the plains of Ganga and North West part of India.

GOKSHUR:

Botanical Name: Tribulus terrestris

Family Name: Zygophyllaceae

Sanskrit Name: Shwadanshtra, Swadukantaka, Vanashrungat

Rasa: Madhur
Virya: Sheeta

Vipaka: Madhur

Guna:Guru, Snigdha

Dosha Karma: Vatapitta shamaka

Gunakarma: Vedanasthapak, Anlomi, Grahi, Krumighna, Hrudya,

Raktapitta shamak, Shothaghna, Vrushta, Ashmarinashak, Balya.

Use in Disease: Vatavyadhi, Grahani, Arsha, Krumi, Hrudroga,

Raktapitta, Kasa Shwas, Ashmari, Mutrakruccha, Bastishotha.

Chemical Composition: It has nephroprotective effect against

Gentamiin induced Nephrotoxicity. It acts by reducing free radical release
(MDA) at the nephrons.

Parts used: Phala, Mula, Panchanga.

Morphology: Gokshura is a smlaa, prostrate, hirsute or silky hairy herb.

Its leaves are stipulate, opposite, usually unequal, pinnate, leaflets 5-8
pairs, oblong, mucronate. The flowers are solitary, axillary or leaf
opposed, yellow or white. The fruits are globose, hairy. Seeds are
obliquely pendulous.

ERANDA:

Botanical Name: Ricinus communis

Family Name: Euphorbiaceae

Sanskrit Name: Eranda, Gandharvahasta, Vatari, Vyaghrapuccha

Rasa: Madhur, Katu, Kashay

Virya: Ushna

Vipaka: Madhur

Guna: Guru, Snigdha, Tikshna, Sukshma

Prabhav: Adhobhagahara, Virechana

Dosha Karma: Vatakaphashamak, Pittavardhaka

Gunakarma: Shothahr, Vedanshamak, Balya, Medhya, Deepan, Bhdan,

Krumighna,

Use in Disease: Vatavyadhi, Vtarakta, Shotha, Arsha, Kushtha, Ardit,

Pakshaghat, Ghrudhrasi, Mutrakruchra, bastishoola.

Chemical Composition: The primary component of eranda is Ricinoleic

Acid.

Parts used: Mula, Leaves, Seeds,

Morphology: Ricinus is a fast growing tree which is green, herbaceous.

The glossy green leaves have 5-11 deeply incised lobes and have long
petioles. Stem contain hollow nodes and are green to reddish in colour. It
is found in waste farms, rocky hillsides and on the edges of cultivated
lands.

DEVADARU:

Botanical Name: Cedrus deodar

Family Name: Coniferae

Sanskrit Name: Bhadradaru, Daru, Indradaru, Druk, Snehavruksha.

Rasa: Katu, Tikta

Virya: Ushna

Vipaka: Katu

Guna: Laghu, Snigdha

Dosha Karma: Kaphavatashamak

Gunakarma: Vedansthapaka, Deepan, Pachan, Raktaprasadak, Lekhan

Use in Disease: Aamvata, Sandhivata, Grudhari, Krumi, Mutrakruccha,

Puhameha

Chemical Composition: The wood contains cedeodarin, ampelopsin,

cedrin, cedrinoside and deodarin.

Parts used: Stem peel

Morphology: The tree is upto 50 mt high and upto 3 m in diameter.The

leaves are needle like,long slender,bright gren. The cones are barrel
shaped.

PUNARNAVA:

Botanical Name: Boerhavia diffusa

Family Name: Nyctaginaceae

Sanskrit Name: Vishakh, Pruthvi, Shashivatika

Rasa: Madhur, Tikta

Virya: Ushna

Vipaka: Katu

Guna: Laghu, Ruksha

Dosha Karma: Tridoshahara

Gunakarma : Shothghni, Lekhan, Deepan, Anuloman, Virechan, Hrudya,

Raktavardhak, Vishghna

Use in Disease: Kasa, Pandu, Jwara, Hrudroga, Raktapradar, Kushtha.

Chemical Composition: Punarnavoside;Rotenoids Viz.Boeravinones

A,B,C,D And E; Lignans Viz.Liridodendrin And Syringaresinol Mono-B-D-
Glucoside; Flavones And Sterols;An Isofuroxanthone, Boeravine And
Hypoxanthine-9-L-Arabinofuranoside.

Parts used: Roots, Seeds, Panchanga, leaves

Morphology: Punarnava is widely spread, occurring throught India. This

wide range is explained by its small fruit, which are very sticky and grow
a few inches off the ground, ideally placed to latch on to a small migratory
birds as they walk by.

AMRUTA:

Botanical Name: Tinospora cordifolia

Family Name: Menispermaceae

Sanskrit Name: Amrutvalli, Amruta, Chinnaruha, Jwarnashi, Mandali,

Tikta.
Rasa: Tikta, Kashay

Virya: Ushna

Vipaka: Madhur

Guna: Laghu,Snigdha

Prabhav: Vishaghna

Dosha Karma: Tridoshashamak

Gunakarma: Vedanasthapan,Trushnanigrahan, Deepan, Pachan,

Anuloman, Krumighna, Raktavardhak, Vrushya, Rasayana.

Use in Disease: Jwara, Kushtha, Vatarakta, Chardi, Trushna,

Agnimandya, Shoola, Grahani, Amlapitta, Pravahika, Krumi, Aamvata,
Kasa, Prameha, Visarpa

Chemical Composition: Columbin, Tinosporaside, Jatrorhizine,

Palmatine, Berberine, Tembeterine, Tinocordifolioside, Phenylpropene
Disaccharides, Choline, Tinosporic Acid, Tinosporal And Tinosporon.

Parts used: Stem

Morphology: Large,deciduous extensively spreading climbing shrub with

several elongated twinning branches. Leaves are simple,conjugate.
Lamina is broadly ovate, 10-20 cm long, 7 nerved and deeply cordite at
base, membranous, pubescent above, whitish beneath.

ARAGVADH:

Botanical Name: Cassia fistula

Family Name: Caesalpinioid

Sanskrit Name: Aarogyashimbi, Swarnat, Karna, Deerghaphala, Pragah

Rasa: Madhur, Tikta

Virya: Sheeta

Vipaka: Madhur

Guna: Guru, Snigdha

Dosha Karma: Vatapitta shamak

Gunakarma: Vedanasthapak, Shothagghna, Aruchighna, Anulomak,

Mutral

Use in Disease: Vatarakta, Aamvata, Sandhigata Vata, Aruchi,

Vibandha, Udavartya, Shoola, Yakrutshoth, Kamala, Hrudrog, Raktapitta,
Vatarakta, Shotha, Kushtha,

Chemical Composition: Leaves contain Anthraquinone Derivatives,

Tannins, Free Rhein, Rhein Glycoside,Sennoside-A And Sennoside-B. They
also contain Kaempferol glycosides.

Parts used: Magaj. Flowers, Fruids, Root peel.

Morphology: It is a medium sized tree. Its leaves are deciduous. The

flowers are produced in pendulous racemes; each flower is 4-7 cm in
diameter. The fruit is a legume. The tree has strong and durable wood.

SHUNTHI:

Botanical Name: Zinziber officinale

 ||

Family Name: Scitaminae

Sanskrit Name: Vishwa, Nagar, Vishwbheshaj, Katushana

Rasa: Katu

Virya: Ushna

Vipaka: Madhur

Guna: Laghu, Snigdha

Dosha Karma: Kaphavatashamaka

Gunakarma: Deepan, Pachan, Vatanulomana, Shoolaprashaman,

Hrudya, Vrushya.

Use in Disease: Jwara, Aamvata, Vatarakta, Ajeerna, Agnimandya,

Udarshoola, Aadhaman, Sheetapitta, Kasa, Shwasa.

Chemical Composition: It contains Gingerols, A-Curumene, Citral, D-

Camphene, Geraniol, Zingiberenes,Zingerone Etc.

Parts used: Kanda

Morphology: It is a perennial herb. Stem is leafy, thick. Leaves are

pointed, narrow. Bracts are ovate, corolla has 2 yellow pointed segments,
the rhizome is stout, tuberous, horizontal, branched, freshly aromatic,
white-yellowish to brown in colour.

2. VISHWADI KWATH-

ÌuɵÉÉÌS YuÉÉjÉ

ÌuɵÉÉåÃoÉÔMüSvÉqÉÔsÉrÉuÉÉqpÉxÉÉ iÉÑ -

ÎuS¤ÉÉUÌWûÇaÉÑsÉuÉhɧÉrÉmÉÑwMüUÉhÉÉqÉç ||

cÉÔhÉïÇ ÌmÉoÉåiÉç ¾ûSrÉmÉɵÉïMüÌOûaÉëWûÉqÉ-

mÉYuÉÉvÉrÉÉÇxÉpÉ×vÉÃaÉeuÉUaÉÑsqÉvÉÑsÉÏ ||

(xÉWûx§ÉrÉÉåaÉ 1/500)
 Ingredient Quantity
Vishwa 1 part
Eranda 1 part
Dashmoola 1 part
Yava 1 part
Kshardvaya Prakshep
(Sajjikshar,Yava
kshar), Hingu,
Lavanatray
(saindhav,
sauvarchal,
beed),
pusharmool
choorna

Sr. Drug Latin Name Rasa Virya Vipak Guna

No.
1 Agnimanth Clerodendrum Katu Ushna Katu Laghu
a phlomidis Tikta, Ruksha
Madhur
2 Shyonak Oroxylum indicum Madhur Ushna Katu Laghu
Tikta Ruksha
Kashay
3 Bruhati Solanum indicum Katu, Ushna Katu Laghu
Tikta Ruksha
4 Bilva Aegal marmelos Kashay, Ushna Katu Ruksha
Tikta Laghu
5 Patala Stereosprmum Tikta Anush Katu Laghu
sauvealens Kashay na Ruksha
6 Kantakari Solanum Tikta Ushna Katu Laghu
xanthocarpum Katu Ruksha
7 Gambhari Gmelia arborea Tikta Ushna Katu Guru
Kashay
Madhur
8 Shalaparni Desmodium Madhur Ushna Madhur Guru
gangeticum Tikta Snigdha
9 Prushnipar Uraria picta Madhur Ushna Madhur Laghu
ni Tikta Snigdha
10 Yava Hordeum vulgare Kashay Sheet Katu Ruksha
Madhur Laghu
11 Pushkarmul Inula racemosa Katu ushna katu Laghu
a tikta tikshna
12 Hingu Ferula foetida katu ushna katu Laghu
Snigdha
tikshna
VISHWA:

Botanical Name: Zinziber officinale

Family Name: Scitaminae

Sanskrit Name: Vishwa, Nagar, Vishwbheshaj, Katushana

Rasa: Katu

Virya: Ushna

Vipaka: Madhur

Guna: Laghu, Snigdha

Dosha Karma: Kaphavatashamaka

Gunakarma: Deepan, Pachan, Vatanulomana, Shoolaprashaman,

Hrudya, Vrushya.

Use in Disease: Jwara, Aamvata, Vatarakta, Ajeerna, Agnimandya,

Udarshoola, Aadhaman, Sheetapitta, Kasa, Shwasa.

Chemical Composition: It contains Gingerols, A-Curumene, Citral, D-

Camphene, Geraniol, Zingiberenes,Zingerone Etc.

Parts used: Kanda

Morphology: It is a perennial herb. Stem is leafy, thick. Leaves are

pointed, narrow. Bracts are ovate, corolla has 2 yellow pointed segments,
the rhizome is stout, tuberous, horizontal, branched, freshly aromatic,
white-yellowish to brown in colour.
ERANDA:

Botanical Name: Ricinus communis

Family Name: Euphorbiaceae

Sanskrit Name: Eranda, Gandharvahasta, Vatari, Vyaghrapuccha

Rasa: Madhur, Katu, Kashay

Virya: Ushna

Vipaka: Madhur

Guna: Guru, Snigdha, Tikshna, Sukshma

Prabhav: Adhobhagahara, Virechana

Dosha Karma: Vatakaphashamak, Pittavardhaka

Gunakarma: Shothahr, Vedanshamak, Balya, Medhya, Deepan, Bhdan,

Krumighna,

Use in Disease: Vatavyadhi, Vtarakta, Shotha, Arsha, Kushtha, Ardit,

Pakshaghat, Ghrudhrasi, Mutrakruchra, bastishoola.

Chemical Composition: The primary component of eranda is Ricinoleic

Acid.

Parts used: Mula, Leaves, Seeds,

Morphology: Ricinus is a fast growing tree which is green, herbaceous.

The glossy green leaves have 5-11 deeply incised lobes and have long
petioles. Stem contain hollow nodes and are green to reddish in colour. It
is found in waste farms, rocky hillsides and on the edges of cultivated
lands.

DASHAMOOLA:

1. AGNIMANTHA:

Botanical Name: Clerodendrum phlomidis

Family Name: Verbenaceae

Sanskrit Name: Jaya, Shreeparna

Rasa: Katu,Tikta,Madhur

Virya: Ushna

Vipaka: Katu

Guna:Laghu, Ruksha

Dosha Karma: Kaphavatashamaka

Gunakarma: Shothaghna, Vedanasthapak,

Use in Disease: Agnimandya, Aamdosha, Kasa, Shwasa, Shetapitta.

Chemical Composition: Linalool, Linoleic Acid, P-Methoxy Cinnamic

Acid, Aphelandrine,Caryophellen, Premnazole, Premnimine,Geniarine

Parts used: Leaves, peel of roots

Morphology: 8-10 metre long tree,. Leaves are oval, soft. Flowers are
white , fragrant, fruits are small.

2. SHYONAK:

Botanical Name: Oroxylum indicum

Family Name: Bignoniaceae

Sanskrit Name: Shukasana, Katambhar, Mayurjangha, Aralu

Rasa: Madhur, Tikta Kashaya

Virya: Ushna

Vipaka: Katu

Guna:Laghu, Ruksha

Dosha Karma: Tridoshashamaka

Gunakarma: Deepan, Pachan, ROchan, Krumighna

Use in Disease: Aamvata, Sandhivata, Vtavyadhi, Jwara, Kasa

Chemical Composition: Baicalein, Tetuin, Oroxindin, Aloe-Emodin and

Chrysin.

Parts used: Root peel

Morphology: It is a small perennial tree extending to a height of 8-15

mt. Its leaves are pinnate with opposite pinnae, ovate, acuminate.
Flowers are numerous having redish purole and pinkish yellow. The stalk
of the flower is one feet long.
 3. BRUHATI:

Botanical Name: Solanum indicum

Family Name: Solanaceae

Sanskrit Name: Mahati, Kranta, Vartaki, Sinhika

Rasa:Katu, Tikta

Virya: Ushna

Vipaka: Katu

Guna:Laghu, Ruksha

Dosha Karma: Kaphavatashamak

Gunakarma: Kandughna, Keshya, Deepan, Pachan, Grahi, Krumighna

Use in Disease: Agnimandya, Grahani, Udarshoola, Aruchi, Krumi,

Shotha, Kasa, Shwasa, Hikka, Jwara, Kushtha.

Chemical Composition: Its fruit adn root consists of wax, fatty acids
and alkaloids Solanine. It is also found that its fruits have Phosphorous.
Other chemical compounds found in this plant are- Carotene, Carpesterol,
Solanocarpone, Diosogenin, B- Sitosterol, Lanosterol.

Parts used: Roots, Seeds, Fruits

Morphology: It is a stiff, much branched, prickly shrub growing up to

height of 0.2-1.5mt. The leaves are simple, sinulate, base obliquely
truncate, thick chartaceous. Prickles are sharp, often recurved. Flowers
are bluish purple. Fruits are globose, green with white lining. Seeds are
many and small.

4. BILVA:

Botanical Name: Aegal marmelos

Family Name: Rutaceae

Sanskrit Name: Shalatu, Shalya, Hrudyagandha, Shivadrum, Karkat

Rasa: Kashay, Tikta

Virya: Ushna

Vipaka: Katu

Guna:Ruksha, Laghu

Dosha Karma: Kaphavatashamaka

Gunakarma: Deepan, Pachan, Grahi, Mrudu rechak, Hrudya,

Raktasthambhak,

Use in Disease: Vatavyadhi, Aakshepaka, Unmad, Apasmar, Anidra,

Shotha, Kasa, Shwasa, Shwetapradar.

Chemical Composition: Marmelosin, Alloimperatonin, Mermelide, Tannic

Acids, Marmin, Umbelliferone, Skimmianine, Isoimperatonin,
Isopimpinellin, Mermesinin.

Parts used: roots, root bark, fruits, leave

Morphology: It is a deciduous shrub. Bark is pale brown or greyish. The

gum is clear, resembling gum Arabic, sweet in taste. Leaves are trifoliate,
alternate, each leaflet is ovate, tapering. Flowers are greenish yellow.
Fruit is glubose.

5. PATALA:

Botanical Name: Stereosprmum sauvealens

Family Name: Bignoniaceae

Sanskrit Name: Krushnavrunta, Madhudruti, Aalivallabha, Tamrapushpi.

Rasa: Tikta, Kashaya

Virya: Anushna

Vipaka: Katu

Guna:Laghu, Ruksha

Dosha Karma: Tridoshghna

Gunakarma: Shothghna, Mutral

Use in Disease: Hrudadrava, Arsha, Vatavyadhi, Kasa, SHwasa

Chemical Composition: Naphthoquinone lapachol, 6-Sitosterol, N-

Triacontanol, Lapachol, Dehydro-A-Lapachol,Stearic Acid.

Parts used: Root bark, flowers, seeds, leaf, Kshara

Morphology: It is about 6-9 cm long, 1-1.5 cm thick tree. It is cylindrical

in shape, externally brown to creamy, rough due to vertical
fissures,crackls and ridges. Internally dark brown, lamellation of
stratification due to the presence of concentric bands of fibres.
 6. KANTAKARI:

Botanical Name: Solanum xanthocarpum

Family Name: Solanaceae

Sanskrit Name: Kantakini, Dushaprsha, Dravini, Bahukanta, Vtarki.

Rasa: Tikta, Katu

Virya: Ushna

Vipaka: Katu

Guna: Laghu, Ruksha

Dosha Karma: Kaphavatashamaka

Gunakarma: Shothahara, Krumighna, Deepan, Pachan,

Use in Disease: Apasmar, Sandhigata vata, Krumi, Agnimandya,

Kushtha, Visarpa, Hrudroga, Hikka, Kasa, Mutrakruccha, Jwara.

Chemical Composition: Solasodine, Solamergine, Cycloartenol,

Norcarpesterol.

Parts used: Panchang, Roots

Morphology: It is a small tree. Leaves are petiolate, estipulate, ovate

oblong. Flowers are pedicellate, bisexual, bright blue. Seeds are circular,
flat, numerous, glabrous. Roots are cylindrical, tapering, prickly with
prominent nodes.
 7. GAMBHARI:

Botanical Name: Gmelia arborea

Family Name: Verbenaceae

Sanskrit Name: Mahabhav, Shreeparni, Madhuparnika, Kashmari.

Rasa: Tikta, Kashay, Madhur

Virya: Ushna

Vipaka: Katu

Guna: Guru

Dosha Karma: Tridhoshashamak

Gunakarma: Medhya, Deepan, Pachan, Anuloman, Bruhan, Rasayan,

Vishaghna

Use in Disease: Vatavikar, Atisar, Vibandha, Hrudroga, Raktapitta,

Mutrakrucchra, Garbhasthapana, Jwara,

Chemical Composition: Its roots comprise yellow thick, oil, resin and
alkaloid and little benzoic acid. Fruit contains butyric acid and tartaric
acid, tannin. Leaves contain luteolin.

Parts used: Roots, Fruits.

Morphology: It is a deciduous tree. The bark is greyish white, exfoliates

in thin flakes. The leaves are simple, opposite and heart shaped. Flowers
are bisexual, reddish yellow. Root pieces are greyish brown and almost
cylindrical with irregular surface. The seeds are smooth, papery oily in
taste.
 8. SHALPARNI:

Botanical Name: Desmodium gangeticum

Family Name: Fabaceae

Sanskrit Name: Sudala, Stheero, Suputrika, Soumya, Kumuda,

Shophaghni

Rasa: Madhur, Tikta

Virya: Ushna

Vipaka: Madhur

Guna: Guru, Snigdha

Dosha Karma: Tridoshshamak

Gunakarma: Deepak, Pachak, Anulomak, Sthambhak, Balya, Bruhan,

Rasayana

Use in Disease: Vatavyadhi, Agnimandya, Atisara,Hrudroga,

Rajyakshma,

Chemical Composition: N-dimethyltryltryptamine, Hypaphorine,

Hordenine, Caudicine,, Gangetin-3H, Gangetinin and Desmodin.

Parts used: Panchanga especially roots

Morphology: It is a shrub with woody stem, 2-4 feet in height. Branches

are covered with soft hairs. Leaves are unifolate, ovate, oblong, obtuse,
lower surface having light green colour. Flowers are purple/white in
colour.
 9. PRUSHNIPARNI:

Botanical Name: Uraria picta

Family Name: Leguminosae

Sanskrit Name: Mahaguha, Kalashi, Dhamani, Mekhala, Deergha

Rasa: Madhur, Tikta

Virya: Ushna

Vipaka: Madhur

Guna:Laghu, Snigdha

Dosha Karma: Tridoshashamak

Gunakarma: Deepan, Trushnaprashamak, Anuloman, Grahi, Vrushya,

Mutral

Use in Disease: Koshthgatavata, Raktatisar, Arsha, Hrugroga, Vatarakta,

Kasa, Shwasa, Jwara, Daha.

Chemical Composition: All the plant parts are packed with

phytochemical compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids,
phenols, saponins.

Parts used: Panchanga, Roots

Morphology: It is a perennial herb. Leaves are imparipinnate with 5-9

leaflets. They are oblong, acute, blonched with white, minutely pubescent
beneath, base rounded. Flowers are pink, bluish, reddish.

10. GOKSHUR
Botanical Name: Tribulus terrestris

Family Name: Zygophyllaceae

Sanskrit Name: Gokshura, Shwadanshtra, Swadukantaka, Vanashrungat

Rasa: Madhur

Virya: Sheeta

Vipaka: Madhur

Guna:Guru, Snigdha

Dosha Karma: Vatapitta shamaka

Gunakarma: Vedanasthapak, Anlomi, Grahi, Krumighna, Hrudya,

Raktapitta shamak, Shothaghna, Vrushta, Ashmarinashak, Balya.

Use in Disease: Vatavyadhi, Grahani, Arsha, Krumi, Hrudroga,

Raktapitta, Kasa Shwas, Ashmari, Mutrakruccha, Bastishotha.

Chemical Composition: It has nephroprotective effect against

Gentamiin induced Nephrotoxicity. It acts by reducing free radical release
(MDA) at the nephrons.

Parts used: Phala, Mula, Panchanga.

Morphology: Gokshura is a smlaa, prostrate, hirsute or silky hairy herb.

Its leaves are stipulate, opposite, usually unequal, pinnate, leaflets 5-8
pairs, oblong, mucronate. The flowers are solitary, axillary or leaf
opposed, yellow or white. The fruits are globose, hairy. Seeds are
obliquely pendulous.
YAVA

Botanical Name: Hordeum vulgare

Family Name: Poaceae

Sanskrit Name: Yava

Rasa: Kashaya, Madhur, Tikta

Virya: Sheeta

Vipaka: Katu

Guna:Ruksha, Laghu

Dosha Karma: Kaphapittahara, Vatkara

Gunakarma: Lekhana, Vrushya, Balya, Varnya, Sthairyakara.

Use in Disease: Kasa, Shwasa, Agnimandya, Trushna, Urusthambha.

Chemical Composition: Cynogenic glycosidecharacterized as 2-D-

glucopyranasyloxy-methyl-butyronitrile,pangamic acid.

Parts used: Panchanga, Roots

Morphology: It is annual, erect, stout and tufted grass. Roots are

fibrous, cylindrical, glabrous and greyish brown in colour. Leaves are
linear, lanceolate in shape. Nodes are short and bear sheath.

PUSHKARMULA:
Botanical Name: Inula racemosa

Family Name: Compositae

Sanskrit Name: Hemawati, Shwetavacha, Pushkarjata

Rasa: Katu, Tikta

Virya: Ushna

Vipaka: Katu

Guna:Laghu, Tikshna

Dosha Karma: Vatakaphashamaka

Gunakarma: Krumighna, Deepan, Pachan, Anuloman

Use in Disease: Vatavikar, Shwasa, Hikka, Kasa, Jwara, Pratishyaya.

Chemical Composition: Lantanlactone, isoalantalactone, inunol;ode,

dihydroisoalant\lactone, Beta-sitosterd, D-Mannitd, Dihydroinundide,
Neopalantolactone, Octadecanoic acid.

Parts used: Roots

Morphology: It is a perennial herb. The stem is grooved, rough and

very hairy. The leaves of these plants are large, elliptical. The fruits being
slender achenes, 0.4 cm long with pappus hairs. The flowers are bright
yellow in colour. The fresh root has dull brownish skin with yellowish
colour inside.

HINGU:
Botanical Name: Ferula foetida

Family Name: Apiaceae

Sanskrit Name: Sahstravedhi, Balhik, Ramath, Parimal, Ugraveerya,

Jarana.

Rasa:Katu

Virya: Ushna

Vipaka: Katu

Guna: Laghu, Snigdha, Tikshna

Dosha Karma: Kaphavatashamaka, Pittavardhak

Gunakarma: Deepan, Pachan, Rochan, Vedanasthapaka

Use in Disease: Pakshaghat, ardeet, Vatavyadhi, Agnimandya,

Aadhman, Hrudroga, Kasa, Shwasa, Jwara

Chemical Composition: Its main phyto-chemical is Ferulic Acid. It varies

from 40 to 60 %.

Parts used: Niryas

Morphology: It is a herbaceous, perennial, monoecious plant. It grows

upto 2 mtrs of height. Leaves are very fine. Flowers are yellow in colour.
Roots are massive, thich and pulpy. Fruits are float, thin, oval brown in
colour.