New STATCOM control scheme for Power Quality

improvement in wind farm

Maheswari Muthusamy Sathish kumar C
Assistant Professor PG student
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Hindustan University, Padur, Chennai Hindustan University, Padur, Chennai
mmaheswari@hindustanuniv.ac.in sathishc1989@gmail.com

Abstract – As power generation plants which use wind generating system is to use the induction generator connected
energy are increasingly integrated into existing electric power directly to the grid system.
systems, it becomes important to evaluate the power quality The induction generator has inherent advantages of cost
problem due to installation of wind turbine with the grid. The effectiveness and robustness. However; induction generators
influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the
power quality measurements are-the active power, reactive
require reactive power for magnetization. When the generated
power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical active power of an induction generator is varied due to wind,
behavior of switching operation and these are measured absorbed reactive power and terminal voltage of an induction
according to national/international guidelines.This paper generator can be significantly affected. A proper control
demonstrates new control scheme for STATIC COMPENSATOR scheme in wind energy generation system is required under
(STATCOM) which is connected at a point of common coupling normal operating condition to allow the proper control over
with a battery energy storage system (BESS) to mitigate the the active power production. In the event of increasing grid
power quality issues. The STATCOM control scheme for power disturbance, a battery energy storage system for wind energy
quality improvement is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK generating system is generally required to compensate the
in power system block set.
fluctuation generated by wind turbine [4].
Index Terms – Static Compensator (STATCOM), Battery A STATCOM based control technology has been
Energy Storage System (BESS), Power Quality proposed and implemented at point of common
coupling(PCC) for improving the power quality which can
I. INTRODUCTION technically manages the power level associates with the
commercial wind turbines.
Renewable energy resources are receiving considerable
attention in the continued growth and development of electric TABLE I
power systems, being the wind power production the fastest SYSTEM PARAMETERS
S.NO PARAMETERS RATINGS
growing type of renewable energy [1]. The need to integrate 1 GRID VOLTAGE 3-PHASE, 415V, 50HZ
the renewable energy like wind energy into power system is to 2 INDUCTION 3.35KVA, 415V, 50HZ, P=4,
make it possible to minimize the environmental impact on GENERATOR SPEED=440RPM
conventional plant[2][3] . The integration of wind energy into 3 LINE SERIES 0.07mH
INDUCTANCE
existing power system presents a technical challenges and that
4 INVERTER RATING DC LINK VOLTAGE=800V. DC
requires consideration of voltage regulation, stability,power LINK CAPACITANCE=100µF
quality problems. The power quality is an essential customer 5 IGBT RATING COLLECTOR
focused measure and is greatly affected by the operation of a VOLTAGE=1200V,FORWARD
distribution and transmission network. The issue of power CURRENT=50A,GATE
VOLTAGE=20V
quality is of great importance to the wind turbine. There has
6 LOAD NON-LINEAR LOAD=25KW
been an extensive growth and quick development in the PARAMETER
exploitation of wind energy in recent years.
The STATCOM is shunt connected at the bus where
During the normal operation, wind turbine produces a the wind turbine is connected to the power network to provide
continuous variable output power. These power variations are voltage regulation and improve the short-term transient
mainly caused by the effect of turbulence, wind shear, and voltage stability. The STATCOM control schemes are suitably
tower-shadow and of control system in the power system. designed and coordinated. The system is implemented in
Thus, the network needs to manage for such fluctuations. The SIMULINK/MATLAB simulation.
power quality issues can be viewed with respect to the wind II. POWER NETWORK MODEL
generation, transmission and distribution network, such as Power network model of the proposed grid connected
voltage sag, swells, flickers, harmonics etc. However the wind system is shown in Fig.1.The system consists of wind energy
generator introduces disturbances into the distribution generation system and battery energy storage system with
network. One of the simple methods of running a wind STATCOM. The battery energy storage system (BESS) is
used as an energy storage element for the purpose of voltage
regulation. The BESS will naturally maintain DC capacitor
voltage constant and is best suited in STATCOM since it
rapidly injects or absorbed reactive power to stabilize the grid
system. BESS can be used to level the power fluctuation by
charging and discharging operation. The battery is connected
in parallel to the dc capacitor of STATCOM [6]-[10]
PCC in the grid system. The STATCOM compensator output
is varied according to the controlled strategy, so as to maintain
the power quality norms in the grid system. The current
control strategy is included in the control scheme that defines
the functional operation of the STATCOM compensator in the
power system. A single STATCOM using insulated gate
bipolar transistor is proposed to have a reactive power support,
to the induction generator and to the nonlinear load in the grid
system.

Fig 2. Control strategy

The control scheme approach is based on injecting the currents

into the grid using ‘‘bang-bang controller ‘‘The controller uses
a hysteresis current controlled technique. Bang-Bang current
controller is implemented in the current control scheme shown
in Fig.2. The reference current is generated and actual current
Fig 1.Power network model of Grid connected system
are detected by current sensors and are subtracted for
obtaining a current error for a hysteresis based bang-bang
The STATCOM is a three-phase voltage source
controller. Thus the ON/OFF switching signals for IGBT of
inverter having the capacitance on its DC link and connected
STATCOM are derived from hysteresis controller
at the point of common coupling. The STATCOM injects a The switching function SA for phase ‘a’ is expressed as
compensating current of variable magnitude and frequency
component at the bus of common coupling.
The shunt connected STATCOM with battery energy
storage is connected with the interface of the induction isa < ( isa* - HB)→SA=0 (1)
generator and non-linear load at the PCC in the grid system.
The STATCOM output is varied according to the controlled isa> ( isa* - HB)→SA=1 (2)
strategy, so as to maintain the power quality norms in the grid
system. The current control strategy is included in the control
scheme that defines the functional operation of the where HB is a hysteresis current-band, similarly the switching
STATCOM compensator in the power system. function can be derived for phases “b” and “c”.
A single STATCOM using insulated gate bipolar
The unit vector formula is given by
transistor is proposed to have a reactive power support to the
induction generator and to the nonlinear load in the grid
system[9]. U a
= sin (θ ) (3)
III.CONTROL STRATEGY ⎛ 2π ⎞
U = sin ⎜θ −
b
⎝ 3
⎟
⎠
(4)
The STATCOM based current control voltage source
inverter injects the current into the grid in such a way that the ⎛ 2π ⎞
source current are harmonic free and their phase-angle with U c = sin⎜⎝θ + 3 ⎟
⎠
(5)
respect to source voltage has a desired value. The injected
current will cancel out the reactive part and harmonic part of
The difference of this filtered dc-link voltage and reference
the load and induction generator current, thus it improves the
dc-link voltage is given to a comparator and to maintain a
power factor and the power quality.The shunt connected
constant dc-link voltage under varying generation and load
STATCOM with battery energy storage is connected with the
conditions.
interface of the induction generator and non-linear load at the
 *
* I cerr
= Ic − Ic (12)
V dcerr ( n) = V dc( n) −V dc ( n ) (6)

The instantaneous values of reference three phase grid These current errors are given to hysteresis current
currents are computed as controller. The hysteresis controller then generates the

* switching pulses for the gate drives of grid-interfacing

I = I m *U a (7)
a inverter.
*
= I m *U b This ensures that the source current is controlled to be
I b
(8)
sinusoidal. The unit vectors implement the important function
* in the grid connection for the synchronization for STATCOM.
I c
= I m *U c (9) This method is simple, robust and favourable as compared
with other methods.

IV. SIMULATION RESULTS

The reference grid currents (Ia, Ib and Ic ) are compared with A wind farm equipped with induction generator is simulated
actual grid currents (Ia *,Ib* and Ic *) to compute the current in SIMULINK/MATLAB. The system parameter for the
errors as proposed system is given in Table I. Simulation circuit
diagram is shown in Fig.3.
*
I aerr
= Ia − Ia (10)
*
I berr
= Ib − Ib (11)

Fig .3 Simulation diagram for wind farm with STATCOM with Non linear load.
It is observed that the source current on the grid is
affected due to the effects of nonlinear load and wind
generator, thus purity of waveform may be lost on both sides
in the system. The inverter output voltage under STATCOM
operation with load variation is shown. The dynamic load does
affect the inverter output voltage. The source current with and
without STATCOM operation is shown. This shows that the
unity power factor is maintained for the source power when
the STATCOM is in operation.
The performance of the system is measured by switching
the STATCOM at time t=0.7s in the system. When
STATCOM controller is made ON, without change in any
other load condition parameters, it starts to mitigate for
reactive demand as well as harmonic current. the result of
source voltage, source current and load current are shown in
Fig4,Fig.5 and Fig.7.While the result of injected current from
STATCOM are shown in Fig.6.Supply voltage and current at
PCC is shown in Fig.8
 Fig. 4 Source voltage Fig .8 Supply voltage and current at PCC

In Fig.8 the current waveform before and after the

STATCOM operation is analysed. STATCOM is switched on
at 0.7 s. The Fourier analysis of this waveform is expressed
and the THD of this source current at PCC without
STATCOM is 6.38% as shown.

Fig. 5 Source current

Fig.6 STATCOM Injecting Current Fig.9. THD % at PCC without STATCOM

The power quality improvement is observed at point

of common coupling, when the controller is in ON condition
at 0.7s.With STATCOM the % of THD is 0.32%. The
STATCOM is placed in the operation and source current
waveform is shown with its FFT Fig.9 and Fig.10. It is shown
that the THD has been improved considerably and within the
norms of the standard.

Fig.7 Load Current


Fig.10.THD% at PCC with STATCOM
The above tests with proposed scheme has not only
power quality improvement feature but it also has sustain
capability to support the load with the energy storage
through the batteries.
V. CONCLUSION
The paper presents the STATCOM-based control
scheme for power quality improvement in grid connected
wind generating system and with non linear load. The
operation of the control system developed for the
STATCOM-BESS in MATLAB/SIMULINK for
maintaining the power quality is simulated. It has a
capability to cancel out the harmonic parts of the load
current. It maintains the source voltage and current in-
phase and supports the reactive power demand for the
wind generator and load at PCC in the grid system.
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Maheswari Muthusamy received the B.E.
Degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering
from Bharathiar University, Coimbatore in 2003
and the M.E. Degree from Anna University,
Chennai, India in 2005.
She was an Electrical Engineer (R&D) with
M/s ELGI Equipments Ltd., Coimbatore, India.
Presently she is an Assistant Professor with the
Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, Hindustan University, Chennai.
Currently she is pursuing the Ph.D. degree at Hindustan University, Chennai,
India. Her main research interests include Power Electronics, Renewable
Energy Systems and Variable Speed Generators for wind turbines.
Sathish Kumar received the B.E. Degree in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Anna
University, Chennai, India .Currently he is
pursuing M.E. degree at Hindustan University,
Chennai, India. His area of Interest includes
Power electronics, Electrical Machines and
Drives, FACTS, HVDC and Power quality.