Manual Med PDF

Indonesia PACITAN 2×315MW Power Plant
Project
2×3000 ton/day low-temperature and
high-efficiency sea water desalination
apparatus
Operation Manuals
ZHONGHE SEAWATER DESALINATION ENGINEERING Co., Ltd.
06/2009
操作手册 Operation Manuals (W1) ZD0030A－04002ATD
Indonesia PACITAN 2×315MW Power Plant

Project
2×3000 ton/day low-temperature and
high-efficiency sea water desalination
apparatus
Operation Manuals
File No.: (W1)ZD0030A-16001ATD
Compiled by:
Proofread by：
Reviewed by：
Approved by
ZHONGHE SEAWATER DESALINATION ENGINEERING Co., Ltd.

06/2009
众和海水淡化工程有限公司
Contents
1 SYSTEM BRIEFING ...................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................. 3

1.2 CODES AND STANDARDS ........................................................................................................ 4
1.3 PRINCIPLE OF CRYOGENIC MULTI-EFFECT SEAWATER DESALINATION TECHNOLOGY . 6
1.4 MAIN TECHNICAL DATA AND FEATURES............................................................................. 9
2 SYSTEM & EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION .............................................................................. 10
2.1. EVAPORATOR BODY ........................................................................................................... 11

2.2. AUXILIARY DEVICES .......................................................................................................... 14
3 PROCESS CIRCUIT ..................................................................................................................... 25
3.1 PROCESS FLOW .................................................................................................................... 26

3.2 PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM............................................................................................... 32
3.3 ELECTRIC SYSTEM .............................................................................................................. 34
4 SYSTEM OPERATION REGULATIONS ................................................................................. 36
4.1. PREPARATION ..................................................................................................................... 37

4.2 STARTUP ............................................................................................................................... 39
4.3 SHUTDOWN ........................................................................................................................... 46
4.4 OUTPUT REGULATION ......................................................................................................... 50
1
1 System Briefing
2
1.1 Project Overview

Pacitan Power Plant Project, Indonesia, is situated at South Jawa, about 30 km to the east of Pacitan.
The installed capacity of this power plant is 2×315MW, equipped with sub-critical pressure coal-fired
water cooling units manufactured in China. The feed seawater of desalination units was taken from Java
Sea. The seawater desalination units provide the power plant with fresh water as domestic water and
water makeup to the boilers.
1.1.1 Cryogenic Multi-effect Seawater Desalination Units

This project includes two sets of identical 3000 t/d seawater desalination units:
#1 Unit, product No. ZH-MED-001-1
#2 Unit, product No. ZH-MED-001-2
The main equipment of each single seawater desalination unit is 50 m long, 6 m wide and 12 m high,
350 tons in total weight and 400 tons in shipping weight. This project consists of two sets of seawater
desalination systems, and the entire seawater desalination, including the power distribution room and
control room, covers a land area of 2240 m2, 80 m long and 28 m wide.
The devices are KKS marked. The same KKS coding criteria of the entire plant apply to the
desalination systems. For identical devices, their KKS codes are only different in the system code, for
example, 00GCF41AP001 refers to a pump in #1 system, and 00GCF42AP001 a pump with the same
function, similar position and same model in #2 system.
1) Raw seawater is the seawater with acceptable quality taken from the seawater pre-treatment station.
2) Heating steam is from two different sources:

¾ At initial operation, it is sourced from 1.4 MPa steam generated from boiler startup;
¾ After putting into normal operation, it is sourced from steam exhaust or auxiliary steam from
the medium pressure cylinders of the steam turbines. Steam pressure and temperature change with
load and steam exhaust quality of the main equipment. Steam is supplied at 0.26~1.12 MPa
(Absolute Pressure).
3) Concentrated brine and cooling water are drained together with the water drainage from the
circulating water direct cooling system.
4) Condensate from the 1st effect is returned to the power plant.
5) Acceptable water goes into the product water transfer pipes.

1.1.2 Power Supply System of the Seawater Desalination Units
Low-voltage power distribution system, 380 V, 50 Hz and 3-phase 4-wire as motive power supply,
and single-phase 220 V as DC control power supply, is used as the power supply system of the seawater
3
desalination units. Low-voltage transformers, 380 V power centers (PC), motor control centers (MCC) are
arranged in pair. Double power supplies are used. The 2 low-voltage transformer rooms are standby to
each other. The 380 V low-voltage plant power supply system is directly grounded at the neutral point.
1.1.3 Control System of the Seawater Desalination Units

The control system of the seawater desalination units is configured in unit, and each unit is provided
with one set of microprocessor based dual hot-standby programmable logic controllers (PLC) + host
computers, and it is a control system connected with the whole plant auxiliary shops control system
provided in the central control room through bidirectional redundancy Ethernet switches.
1.1.4 Air Supply System of the Seawater Desalination Units
The air supply system of the seawater desalination units is for dedicated instrument compressed air,
and it is taken from the common utility compressed are system for the whole plant.
1.2 Codes and Standards

The latest versions of international standards shall be followed as the various specifications, codes
and standards for equipment design, manufacturing and acceptance. Equipment shall be designed and
manufactured by following the standards below.
1.2.1 Equipment
1) Steel Pressure Vessels, GB150;
2) Tubular Heat Exchangers, GB151;
3) General Tolerance Linear Angular Dimensions and Non-noted Tolerance, GB/T1804-2000;
4) Saddle Supports, JB/T4712-92;
5) Steel Horizontal Vessels, JB/T 4731-2005;
6) Steel Pressure Vessels – Analysis & Design Standard, JB/T 4732-95;
7) Steel Welded Atmospheric Pressure Vessels, JB/T 4735-1997;
8) Raised Face Plate-type Welded Steel Pipe Flanges, JB/T 81-94;
9) Stationary Steel Thin-tube Tubular Heat Exchangers, HG 21503-92;
10) Lifting Eyes on Equipment, HG 21579-94.
1.2.2 Electrical System
1) Code for Design of LV Distribution, GB50054-95;
2) Code for Design of Electrical Measuring Instrumentation of Electrical Installations,
GBJ63-90;
3) Graphical Symbols for Electrical Diagrams, GB/T4728-2005;
4) Code for Construction and Acceptance of Low-voltage Apparatuses of Electric Equipment
Installation Engineering, GB50254-96;
5) Code for Fire-protection Design of Power Plants and Substations, GB50229-96;
6) Standard for Lighting Design of Buildings, GB50034-2004;
4
7) Code for Design of Electric Power Supply and Distribution Systems, GB50052-95;
8) Low-voltage Switchgears and Controlgears, IEC60947;
9) The International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC;
10) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE;
11) The National Electrical Manufacturers Association, NEMA;
12) Code of Construction and Acceptance of Electrical Installation Engineering - 1kV and
Below Wiring Engineering, GB50258-96.
1.2.2 Instrumentation System
1) The Instrument Society of America, ISA;
2) Pneumatic Control Circuit Pressure Test, RP7.1;
3) Hardware Testing of Digital Process Computers, RP55.1;
4) Instrument Symbol and Identification, S5.1;
5) Binary Logic Diagrams for Process Operations, S5.3;
6) Instrument Loop Diagrams, S5.4;
7) Specification Forms for Process Measurement and Control Instruments, Primary Elements
and Control Valves, S20;
8) Process Instrumentation Terminology, S51.1;
9) Industrial Control and Systems: General Requirements, ICS1;
10) Standard for Industrial Control Devices, Controllers, and Assemblies, ICS2;
11) Industrial Control and Systems: Terminal Blocks, ICS4;
12) Industrial Control and Systems: Enclosures, ICS6;
13) Network Communication Protocol, TCP/IP;
14) LAN Standard, IEEE802.
1.2.3 Piping System:
1) Metallic Pipes and Pipe Fittings – to be designed in conformity with ASME/ANSI, with
materials according to ASTM and DIN;
2) Flanges – to be designed in conformity with ASME B16.5 and AWWA, with materials
according to ASTM and DIN;
3) Polypropylene pipes – to be designed in conformity with DIN and ISO standards, with
materials according to DIN and ISO standards, and flanges according to ASME B16-5;
4) Fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) pipes – to be designed in conformity with B.S. and AWWA,
with flanges according to ASME B16-5;
5) Bolts and nuts – to be designed with ANSI, with materials according to ASTM and DIN.
5
1.3 Principle of Cryogenic Multi-effect Seawater

Desalination Technology
The cryogenic multi-effect seawater desalination technology (MED) refers to a desalination technology of
which the highest seawater evaporation temperature is below 70°C, and it is a desalination process which
can generate distilled water with amount several times of the steam amount, characterized in that a
number of horizontal tube spray falling film evaporators are connected in series, and several evaporations
and condensations are carried out with a certain amount of steam input, with the evaporation temperature
in the next effect less than that in the previous effect. Its process flow is shown as Fig. 1-1.
Fig. 1-1: MED Process Flow Chart
Feed seawater is preheated and degassed in the condensator, then, it is split into two streams, with one
stream rejected and drained back into the sea as condensate, and the other as feed water to the distillation
process.
Feed water, after addition of scale inhibition and dispersion agent, is introduced into the effect of
evaporators with lowest temperature in the heat recovery section. The spray system distributes the feed
water on the top tubes of all the evaporators. When water flows downward freely in the form of film
along the top tubes, a portion of feed water is vaporized by absorbing the latent heat released from the
condensation steam inside the evaporator, and the other portion of feed water which has been slightly
concentrated is pumped into the next effect of evaporators, where the operating temperature is somewhat
higher than that in the previous effect. The evaporation and spray processes are repeated in the effects of
6
evaporators. The residual feed water is pumped forward, finally, it leaves the system as concentrated brine
in the effect of evaporators with highest temperature.
Fresh steam is introduced into evaporation tubes of the effect of evaporators with highest temperature.
Condensation process occurs inside the condensation tubes, at the same time, evaporation process occurs
outside the tubes with evaporation amount outside nearly equal to condensation amount inside. The
secondary steam generated, after going through concentrated brine droplet separators to ensure its purity,
is introduced into the heat transfer tubes in the next effect. The operating temperature and pressure in the
next effect are slightly less than those in the previous effect.
This evaporation and condensation processes repeat continuously along the various effects of a series of
evaporators, and some amount of distilled water is generated in every effect. In the last effect, steam is
condensed by cooling seawater at the heat exhaust section.
Condensate generated in the first is collected, with one portion returned into a steam generator, and the
portion exceeding the amount of input fresh steam flowing into the first vessel of a series of special
vessels. Each vessel is connected to the condensation side of the next lower temperature effect. In this
case, one portion of distilled water flashes and cools down the remaining product water, at the same time,
heat is transferred to the main body of the heat recovery effect.
In this case, the product water flows in a step-like way and is flash cooled step by step. Overall efficiency
of the system is enhanced by heat released. Finally, the cooled product water is taken out of the system
and delivered to the storage tanks by product water pump. The product water produced is this way is pure
water, free of any contaminant.
Similar to distilled water, concentrated seawater flows into a series of concentrated brine flash tanks from
the 1st effect in a step-like way, and it is flash cooled to recover its heat. After cooling, the concentrated
brine is drained into sea by concentrated brine pump.
Incondensable gas is taken out from each condensation tube and flows from one effect to another. Finally,
this incondensable gas gathers at the coldest end of the heat exhaust condensator, and is taken out by
steam injector or mechanic vacuum pump.
The cryogenic multi-effect seawater desalination technology has the following

advantages:
7
1) Due to its low operating temperature, it is able to fully prevent or alleviate corrosion to and
scaling on the equipment;
2) The feed seawater pre-treatment is simple;
3) The system has high operational flexibility;
4) The system consumes less power;
5) The system runs at high thermal efficiency;
6) The system is able to operate safely and reliably.
8
1.4 Main Technical Data and Features
Ratings of MED equipment:

1) Water yield per unit: 125 t/h (3000t/d);
2) Salt content in product water: 10 mg/L;
3) Water making ratio: 8 (steam pressure 0.77 MPa (absolute) @ about 320 ℃; raw seawater
temperature 30 ℃, with salt content @ 31000 mg/L ~ 34000 mg/L);
4) Qty of units: 2 sets;
5) Total seawater demand per unit: 1000 t/h;
6) Feed seawater quality:
Item No. Designation Unit Data
1 TDS mg/L 35500
2 Temperature °C 20 in average
3 Suspended matters mg/L ≤10
4 pH value 6.8 ~ 8.8
5 Silt Less than 1 mm
6 Free chlorine mg/L 0.5~1.0
7 Petroleum like matters mg/L ≤1.0
8 CODMn mg/L ≤5
9 H2S mg/L ≤0.1
10 Free oil mg/L ≤1
7) Concentrated brine discharge per unit: 141 t/h;
8) Salt content in concentrated brine each unit: 67000 mg/L;
9) Maximum unit operating temperature: 71.5 °C;
10) Installed capacity: 250 kW.
9
2 System & Equipment

Description
10
2.1. Evaporator Body

2.1.1 Structure of Evaporator Body
The 3000 t/d cryogenic multi-effect seawater desalination unit consists of 7 effects of evaporators and 1
condensator arranged in series. The evaporator is mainly made of 316 L (00Cr17Ni14Mo2) stainless steel,
with its cylinder coil formed with 316L SS plate 10 mm thick and titanium and copper tubes as its internal
heat transfer tubes. The heat transfer tubes inside the condensator are all titanium tubes. At the same time,
in order to prevent corrosion of seawater to the evaporators and extend the unit’s service life, anode bars
are provided at each cylinder bottom for sacrificial anode protection on the evaporator.
The evaporators and condensator are designed and manufactured according to the relevant Chinese
Standards, and able to endure the maximum possible pressure and vacuum level during both test and
operation. All the interconnected pipes and tubes are provided with sufficient allowance for thermal
expansion, causing no extra stress to the equipment and pumps concerned.
Each effect is provided with its permanent manholes, and its base is designed to drain all the accumulated
water inside easily during shutdown, and it is provided with appropriate manholes for performing
inspection, maintenance, replacement of mist eliminators and nozzles, inside flushing and cleaning in
each effect.
Every evaporator of each effect is provided with inspection windows, able to observe seawater spraying
and upper pipes during operation. During cold operation, it is able to inspect and remove blockage or
abnormal conditions on the spray system. Also, safety measures are provided close to the inspection
windows.
The seawater nozzles and their arrangement of each effect are designed to ensure that the seawater be
distributed on the heat transfer tubes in film, thus to avoid tube surface scaling due to too less seawater
flow or dry areas. The nozzles and interconnected pipes can be easily removed. The nozzles and spray
pipes are connected with screw connections. Two nozzle sizes, DN25 and DN50 are used, with DN 25
nozzles on the evaporators from the 1st to the 7th effects, and DN50 on the condensator.
The main components inside an evaporator (condensator) include heat transfer tubes, gussets fro heat
transfer tubes, spray system, fresh water tank and foam catcher etc. A vacuum sucking port and a fresh
water exit are respectively provided at top and bottom of the fresh water tank. The spray system,
consisting of water distribution pipes and nozzles, is positioned above the condensation tube bundle. The
foam catcher is structured in double-layer V-shaped plate.
The evaporator (condensator) of each effect is also provided with flash tanks, thus to recover latent heat
and increase heat efficiency. Each desalination unit is provided with 11 flash tanks, each 0.9 m in
diameter and 4.9 m in length.
11
Fig. 2-1: Evaporator
Fig. 2-2: Condensator
12
2.1.2 Main Technical Data of Evaporator (Condensator)
The main technical data of the evaporator (condensator) are given in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1: Main Technical Data of Evaporator (Condensator)

Heating
Evaporation
Item Evaporation Spray Steam Weight
KKS Code Designation Temp.
No. (t/h) (t/h) Temp. (t)
o
(oC)
( C)
1st effect
1 OOGCF21AA701 21.9 102 71 67.5 35～40
evaporator
2nd effect
2 OOGCF21AA702 19.5 102 67.5 64 35～40
evaporator
3rd effect
3 OOGCF21AA703 18.3 102 64 60.5 35～40
evaporator
4th effect
4 OOGCF21AA704 16.7 93.8 60.5 57 35～40
evaporator
5th effect
5 OOGCF21AA705 16.6 93.8 57 53.5 35～40
evaporator
6th effect
6 OOGCF21AA706 17.1 93.8 53.5 50 35～40
evaporator
7th effect
7 OOGCF21AA707 18.2 93.8 50 46.5 35～40
evaporator
8 OOGCF21AA708 Condensator — 598 46.5 - 33
13
2.2. Auxiliary Devices

2.2.1 Process Pumps
1) The seawater feed pump is to take seawater from the pre-treatment pool and pressurize, and deliver
to the condensator.
2) The cooling water feed pump is to take seawater from the pre-treatment pool and pressurize, and
deliver to the three-stage steam injection vacuum pump and heat exchangers as cooling water.
3) The cooling water pump is to pump seawater out of the condensator, thus to maintain the seawater
level inside the condensator within its setpoint.
4) The intermediate water pump for the 4th through the 7th effects is to deliver the seawater preheated in
the condensator to the 4th through the 7th effects for evaporation.
5) The intermediate water pump for the 1st through the 3rd effects is to deliver the seawater from the 4th
through the 7th effects to the evaporator of the 1st through the 3rd effects for evaporation.
6) The vacuum cooling water discharge pump is to drain water from the vacuum cooling water pool,
and at the same time, maintain the water level.
7) The vacuum pump is to start the auxiliary vacuum cooling water discharge pump.
8) The concentrated brine pump is to drain the concentrated water out of the evaporation system.
9) The condensate pump is to take the fresh water generated in the 1st effect out and deliver to the main
plant building separately.
10) The superheat elimination pump is to deliver distilled water for steam entering into the 1st effect
evaporator, thus to eliminate steam superheat.
11) The fresh water pump is to take the fresh water generated in the system out, and deliver to the fresh
water tank.
12) The cleaning liquid unloading pump is to transfer cleaning liquid from the mixing tank into the
cleaning water tank during cleaning liquid preparation.
13) The cleaning pump is to deliver cleaning liquid into the evaporator (condensator) of each effect for
chemical cleaning.
14) The reducing agent unloading pump is to transfer the prepared reducing agent liquor into the dosing
tank.
15) The reducing agent dosing pump is to dose reducing agent into raw seawater.
16) The antiscaling agent metering pump is to add antiscaling agent into raw seawater.
14
Table 2-2: Performance Data of Process Pumps
Model Flow Lift Suction

No KKS Code Designation Material
No （m /h） (m)
3 Head（m）
Dual phase
2 OOGCF51AP001 Cooling water pump I 131 23 3.0
steel
3 OOGCF51AP002 Cooling water pump II 131 23 3.0 SS316L
Cooling water pump III

4 OOGCF51AP003 131 23 3.0 SS316L
(spare)
Intermediate water pump for

5 OOGCF21AP001 375 20 3.0 SS316L
the 4th through 7th effects
6 OOGCF21AP002 the 4th through 7th effects 375 20 3.0 SS316L
(spare)

7 OOGCF21AP003 311 20 3.0 SS316L
the 1st through 3rd effects
8 OOGCF21AP004 the 1st through 3rd effects 311 20 3.0 SS316L
（spare）
25 OOGCF41AP001 Concentrated brine pump 246 20 3.0 SS316L
Concentrated brine pump

26 OOGCF41AP002 246 20 3.0 SS316L
（spare）
9 OOGCK11AP001 Condensate pump 36 50 2.5 SS304
15
10 OOGCK11AP002 Condensate pump（spare） 36 50 2.5 SS304
Superheat elimination water

11 OOGCF11AP001 5 50
feed pump
Superheat elimination water

12 OOGCF11AP002 5 50
feed pump（spare）
13 OOGCK21AP001 Fresh water pump 130 40 2.5 SS304
14 OOGCK21AP002 Fresh water pump（spare） 130 40 2.5 SS304
Cleaning liquid unloading

40 OOGCP11AP001 5 10 SS316L
pump
41 OOGCP21AP001 Cleaning pump 131 23 SS316L
Reducing agent unloading

34 OOGCN11AP001 5 10
pump
35 OOGCN21AP001 Reducing agent dosing pump I 45L/h
Reducing agent dosing pump

36 OOGCN21AP002 45L/h
II
Antiscaling agent metering

38 OOGCN31AP001 2.2L/h
pump I
Antiscaling agent metering

39 OOGCN31AP002 2.2L/h
pump II
16
2.2.2 Steam Thermal Compressor
The steam thermal compressor is the key equipment for the cryogenic multi-effect seawater desalination
project, and it can improve steam utilization efficiency of the system significantly. The steam
compression device uses exhaust steam from the medium pressure cylinder of a steam turbine or auxiliary
steam as its power steam, with steam pressure 0.8~1.0 MPa. The steam thermal compressor is to
compress low pressure steam sucked from the condensator, and deliver the mixed steam into the 1st effect
evaporator. Its specific process is as follow:
Steam is injected at high velocity through nozzles, converting steam pressure energy into kinetic energy,
and generating high-velocity jet flow. Low pressure steam in the suction chamber (condensator) is carried
over forcibly by high-velocity jet flow and mixed with the steam injection, then, the mixed steam enters
into the diffuser. In the expansion section of the diffuser, kinetic energy of the mixed injection steam is
converted into pressure energy, thus decreasing its velocity and increasing its pressure. After compression,
the mixed steam enters into the 1st effect evaporator.
The steam thermal compressor is No. 48, its KKS code OOGCF11BN001, model ZP60-0. Its specific
data are given in Table 2-3.
Table 2-3: Performance Data of Steam Thermal Compressor
Designation Data Unit
Heating steam flow 14 t/h
Heating steam pressure 0.8 MPa (A)
Heating steam temperature 320 ℃
Circulating steam flow 9.15 t/h
Circulating steam temperature 46.5 ℃
Exit saturated steam flow 23.1 t/h
Exit pressure 0.033 MPa (A)
Exit temperature 144 ℃
17
2.2.3 Three-stage Steam Injection Vacuum Pump
The three-stage steam injection vacuum pump consists of a three-stage injector and a three-stage
condensator arranged in series. It is also a device to generate vacuum with steam as its sucking medium,
having the same working principle as the steam thermal compressor. The three-stage steam injection
vacuum pump is No. 45, its KKS code 00GCF11BN003, model 3JP10F-0. Its specific data are given in
Table 2-4.
Table 2-4: Performance Data of Three-stage Steam Injection Vacuum Pump
Designation Data Unit Remark
Vacuum level 10 kPa
Sucking flow 924 kg/h
Working steam pressure 0.8~1.0 MPa (A) 320℃
Working steam consumption 1000 Kg/h
Inlet cooling water temperature ≤32 ℃
Cooling water flow 96 t/h
Cooling water pressure ≥0.2 MPa
2.2.4 Startup Steam Injection Vacuum Pump
The startup steam injection vacuum pump is designed for creating vacuum within the shortest possible
time and shortening the time required for startup during system startup. It is also a device to generate
vacuum with steam as its sucking medium, having the same working principle as the steam thermal
compressor. The startup steam injection vacuum pump is No. 46, its KKS code 00GCF11BN002, model
SJ62-0.
Table 2-5: Performance Data of Startup Steam Injection Vacuum Pump
Designation Data Unit Remark
18
Vacuum level 10 kPa
Volume of sucking system 600 m3
Working steam pressure 0.8~1.0 MPa (A) 320℃
Working steam consumption 1382 Kg/h
2.2.5 Heat Exchanger
Each seawater desalination unit is equipped with two heat exchangers, one as condensate heat exchanger
and the other product water heat exchanger. Both heat exchangers are to cool the 1st effect condensate and
product water to the temperature setpoint respectively, and use seawater from the pre-treatment water
pool as cooling water.
Table 2-6: Performance Data of Heat Exchanger
Cooling water flow Hot water flow

KKS Code Designation Model
(m3/h) (m3/h)
00GCK11AC001 Condensate heat exchanger SJ130 <188 23
00GCK21AC001 Product water heat exchanger SJ35 <104 118
2.2.6 Filter
Each seawater desalination unit is equipped with two filters, one as condensate filter and the other product
water filter. The self-cleaning filter, with nominal diameter DN350 and nominal pressure 1.0 MPa is used
as the seawater filter.
The common Y-type filter, with filtration fineness 20 mesh, nominal diameter DN250 and nominal
pressure 1.6 MPa, is used as the steam filter.
2.2.7 Valve
Three kinds of valves, i.e., manual valve, pneumatic valve and electric valve, are used on the seawater
desalination unit. Each valve is identified with its position and KKS code as given in the following table:
19
Table 2-7: Summary of System Valves

Item
KKS Code Designation Position
No.
1 00GCF11AA001 Manual butterfly valve Before seawater feed pump
2 00GCF11AA002 Manual butterfly valve After seawater feed pump
Pneumatic on-off
3 00GCF11AA003 Main seawater feed pipeline
butterfly valve
4 00GCF11AA004 Manual butterfly valve Main seawater feed pipeline
5 00GCF11AA005 Manual butterfly valve Main cooling water feed pipeline
Pneumatic on-off Main cooling water discharge pipeline before cooling
6 00GCF51AA001
butterfly valve water discharge pump
7 00GCF51AA002 Manual butterfly valve Before cooling water discharge pump 00GCF51AP001
8 00GCF51AA003 Manual butterfly valve After cooling water discharge pump 00GCF51AP001
9 00GCF51AA004 Lined check valve After cooling water discharge pump 00GCF51AP001
12 00GCF51AA007 Lined check valve After cooling water discharge pump 00GCF51AP002
15 00GCF51AA010 Line check valve After cooling water discharge pump 00GCF51AP003
Before intermediate water pump for 4th through 7th
16 00GCF21AA001 Manual butterfly valve
effects
After intermediate water pump for 4th through 7th effects
00GCF21AP001
18 00GCF21AA003 Lined check valve
00GCF21AP001
Before intermediate water pump for 4th through 7th
effects 00GCF21AP002
00GCF21AP002
00GCF21AP002
22 00GCF21AA007 Manual butterfly valve Feed pipeline to 7th effect evaporator
Before intermediate water pump for 1st through 3rd
After intermediate water pump for 1st through 3rd
20
Before intermediate water pump for 1st through 3rd

32 00GCF21AA017 Manual butterfly valve Main seawater feed pipeline
33 00GCF21AA018 Manual butterfly valve Feed pipeline to 3rd effect evaporator
34 00GCF21AA019 Manual butterfly valve Feed pipeline to 2nd effect evaporator
35 00GCF21AA020 Manual butterfly valve Feed pipeline to 1st effect evaporator
Seawater feed pipeline before product water heat
36 00GCK21AA012 Manual butterfly valve
exchanger
Seawater outlet pipeline after product water heat
exchanger
Seawater discharge pipeline after product water heat
exchanger
Seawater feed pipeline before condensate heat
exchanger
Seawater outlet pipeline before condensate heat
exchanger
Seawater discharge pipeline before condensate heat
exchanger
42 00GCF11AA006 Manual butterfly valve Vacuum cooling water feed pipeline
43 00GCF11AA009 Stop valve Cooling water pipeline 1 to three-stage vacuum pump
Pneumatic on-off
46 00GCK11AA001 Pipeline before condensate pump
butterfly valve
47 00GCK11AA002 Manual butterfly valve Pipeline before condensate pump 00GCK11AP001
48 00GCK11AA003 Manual butterfly valve Pipeline after condensate pump 00GCK11AP001
49 00GCK11AA004 Lined check valve Pipeline after condensate pump 00GCK11AP001
50 00GCK11AA005 Manual butterfly valve Pipeline before condensate pump 00GCK11AP002
51 00GCK11AA006 Manual butterfly valve Pipeline after condensate pump 00GCK11AP002
52 00GCK11AA007 Lined check valve Pipeline after condensate pump 00GCK11AP002
Condensate feed pipeline before condensate heat
exchanger
Condensate outlet pipeline after condensate heat
exchanger
Pipeline before superheat elimination pump
55 00GCF11AA019 Ball valve
00GCF11AP001
Pipeline after superheat elimination pump
00GCF11AP001
21

00GCF11AP001
Pipeline before superheat elimination pump
00GCF11AP002
00GCF11AP002
00GCF11AP002
Pneumatic on-off
61 00GCF11AA025 Pipeline after superheat elimination pump
butterfly valve
Pneumatic on-off
62 00GCK21AA001 Pipeline before product water pump
butterfly valve
63 00GCK21AA002 Manual butterfly valve Pipeline before product water pump 00GCK21AP001
Outlet pipeline after product water pump
00GCK21AP001
65 00GCK21AA004 Lined check valve
00GCK21AP001
66 00GCK21AA005 Manual butterfly valve Pipeline before product water pump 00GCK21AP002
00GCK21AP002
68 00GCK21AA007 Lined check valve
00GCK21AP002
Product water feed pipeline before product water heat
exchanger
Product water outlet pipeline after product water heat
exchanger
Pneumatic on-off
71 00GCK21AA010 Acceptable water delivery pipeline
butterfly valve
Pneumatic on-off
72 00GCK21AA011 Rejected water discharge pipeline
butterfly valve
Pneumatic on-off
73 00GCF41AA001 Pipeline before concentrated seawater pump
butterfly valve
Pipeline before concentrated seawater pump
00GCF41AP001
Pipeline after concentrated seawater pump
00GCF41AP001
00GCF41AP001
Pipeline before concentrated seawater pump
00GCF41AP002
00GCF41AP002
22

00GCF41AP002
80 00GCF41AA008 Manual butterfly valve Concentrated seawater discharge pipeline
81 00GCF41AA009 Manual butterfly valve Concentrated seawater backflow pipeline
82 00GCF11AA010 Electric valve Main steam pipeline 1 in main plant building
83 00GCF11AA014 Pneumatic on-off valve Startup vacuumizing steam pipeline
84 00GCF11AA101 Pneumatic on-off valve Main three-stage injection steam pipeline
85 00GCF11AA011 Stop valve Three-stage injection steam pipeline 1
88 00GCF11AA026 Stop valve Vacuumizing pipeline, 1st effect evaporator
89 00GCF11AA027 Stop valve Vacuumizing pipeline, 2nd effect evaporator
90 00GCF11AA028 Stop valve Vacuumizing pipeline, 3rd effect evaporator
91 00GCF11AA029 Stop valve Vacuumizing pipeline, 4th effect evaporator
95 00GCF11AA033 Stop valve Vacuumizing pipeline, condensator
96 00GCF11AA034 Stop valve Vacuumizing pipeline, fresh water tank for condensator
97 00GCF11AA035 Pneumatic on-off valve Startup vacuumizing pipeline
98 00GCF11AA037 Pneumatic on-off valve Three-stage vacuumizing pipeline
99 00GCF11AA036 Pneumatic on-off valve Startup vacuumizing pipeline
100 00GCP11AA002 Manual butterfly valve Pipeline before cleaning liquid unloading pump
101 00GCP21AA002 Manual butterfly valve Pipeline before cleaning pump
102 00GCP11AA003 Manual butterfly valve Pipeline after cleaning pump
103 00GCP11AA004 Lined check valve Pipeline after cleaning pump
23
Note: Refer to Appendix 1 for detailed equipment instructions.
24
3 Process Circuit
25
The 2×3000 t/d cryogenic multi-effect seawater desalination unit has its entire desalination
process consisting of the following 6 systems:
1) Feed water system;
2) Product water system;
3) Concentrated brine system;
4) Vacuumizing system;
5) Steam system;
6) Auxiliary system.
For better understanding the flow process in each system, the pipelines of the various flow circuits
are generally identified by the following colors.
1) Feed water system: green;
2) Concentrated brine system: yellow;
3) Product water system: blue;
4) Vacuumizing system: red;
5) Steam system: silver grey;
6) Auxiliary system: brown.
3.1 Process Flow
3.1.1 Feed Water System
The seawater desalination unit is supplied with seawater in two circuits from the pre-treatment
system:
1) One circuit is used for raw water. The raw water is delivered into condensator
(00GCF21AA708) of the seawater desalination unit via the seawater feed pump and pneumatic
on-off valve (00GCF11AA003). In order to prevent the nozzles from jamming by foreign matters,
a self-cleaning filter (00GCF11AT001) is equipped on the seawater feed pipeline. After the
seawater has been preheated and degassed in the condensator, one portion is delivered into the 4th,
5th, 6th and 7th effect evaporators (00GCF21AA704～7) after addition of 3 ppm antiscaling agent
26
by the intermediate water pump for the 4th through the 7th effects (00GCF21AP001/ AP002) as
the feed seawater for the distillation process of the 4th through the 7th effect evaporators. The
seawater sprayed into the 4th through the 7th effect evaporators absorbs the latent heat released due
to steam condensation inside the tubes and generates secondary steam. The remaining portion of
seawater is delivered into the 1st through the 3rd effect evaporators (00GCF21AA701～3) by the
intermediate water pump for the 1st through the 3rd effects (00GCF21AP003/ AP004) as the feed
seawater for the distillation process of the 1st through the 3rd effect evaporators. In order to
maintain the seawater level inside the condensator, some other portion of raw seawater is
discharged by 1# and 2# cooling water pumps (00GCF51AP001/AP002/ AP003).
Condensator feed seawater flow (00GCF11CF005), condensator feed seawater temperature
(00GCF11CT005), condensator feed seawater electric conductivity (00GCF11CQ201) and
condensator feed seawater pressure (00GCF11CP207) are provided on the feed seawater pipeline
to the condensator. Condensator seawater level (00GCF21CL108) is provided in the condensator.
The 7th effect evaporator seawater level (00GCF21CL107) is provided in the 7th effect evaporator.
The inlet pressure （00GCF21CP010） and inlet temperature (00GCF21CT016) to the 4th through
the 7th effects are provided on the main seawater feed pipe to the 4th through the 7th effect
evaporators. Feed flows to the 4th through the 7th effects (00GCF21CF004～007) are provided
respectively on the corresponding branch pipes. Inlet pressure to the 1st through the 3rd effects
(00GCF21CP011), inlet temperature to the 1st through the 3rd effects (00GCF21CT017), and inlet
electric conductivity to the 1st through the 3rd effects (00GCF21CQ201) are provided on the main
seawater feed pipe to the 1st through the 3rd effects. Feed flows to the 1st through the 3rd effects
(00GCF21CF001～003) are provided respectively on the corresponding branch pipes. At the same
time, flow on each branch pipe can be regulated with the manual valve provided on the
corresponding branch. By observing abnormal flow or pressure fluctuation, it is to judge whether
the nozzles are blocked or not.
2) The other circuit is used as cooling water, and delivered into the three-stage steam injection
vacuum pump (00GCF11BN003), product water heat exchanger (00GCK21AC001) and
condensate heat exchanger (00GCK11AC001) respectively by the cooling water feed pump. The
cooling seawater supplied to the three-stage steam injection vacuum pump is delivered to the
27
condensator of this vacuum pump through the feed pipeline and valves, to cool the superheated
steam. The seawater after cooling flows into the vacuum cooling water pool (00GCK11BB001),
then, it is drained by the vacuum cooling water discharge pump. The cooling seawater going
through the product water heat exchanger and condensate heat exchanger is drained directly.
Cooling water feed flow (00GCF11CF004) is provided on the cooling water feed pipeline,
seawater flow to the three-stage steam injection vacuum pump (00GCF11CF003) on the cooling
seawater pipeline to the three-stage steam injection vacuum pump, and vacuum cooling water pool
level in the vacuum cooling water pool.
3.1.2 Product Water System
The product water system consists of two sections, namely, the 1st effect condensate and fresh
water:
1) The condensate from the 1st effect evaporator enters into the condensate balance tank
(00GCF31AT001), and it is delivered separately to the chemical system provided inside the power
plant via the condensate heat exchanger (00GCK11AC001) by the condensate pump
(00GCK11AP001/ AP002), not mixing with the condensate from other effects. One portion of this
condensate (after going through the condensate heat exchanger) is used as water consumption for
superheat elimination, and it is delivered to the outlet pipeline of the steam injection pump
(00GCF11AP001/ AP002) via the superheat elimination pneumatic on-off valve
(00GCF11AA025) by the superheat elimination pump (00GCF11BN001).
1st effect condensate temperature (00GCF31CT001) is provided on the feed pipeline to the
condensate balance tank, condensate balance tank level (00GCF31CL001) in the balance tank,
condensate inlet flow (00GCK11CF001), temperature (00GCK11CT001), pressure
(00GCK11CP103) and electric conductivity (00GCF21CQ002) to the condensate heat exchanger
are provided on the condensate delivery pipeline.
2) The product water condensed inside the condensation tubes in the 2nd effect evaporator first
flows into the fresh water tank of this evaporator by its weight, then, it is fed into the fresh water
28
flash tank (00GCF31AT002) via the fresh water outlet. In this fresh water flash tank
(00GCF31AT002), some product water flash evaporates into steam and enters into the evaporator,
and the remaining product water mixes with the product water from the 3rd effect, then, enters into
the flash tank at the next effect. The other effects repeat this process in turn. In this case, the
product water from each effect flows into the flash tank at a low temperature effect from a high
temperature effect in turn. All the product water is collected in the fresh water balance tank
(00GCF31AT008) and delivered to the product water heat exchanger (00GCK21AA001) via the
on-off valve (00GCK21AP001/ AP002) provided on the fresh water balance tank by the fresh
water pump (00GCK21AC001). The fresh water outlet pipeline after heat exchange is divided into
two circuits: one circuit is for acceptable product water, delivered to the product water pipeline via
the acceptable water pneumatic on-off valve (00GCK21AA010); the other circuit is for rejected
water, discharged via the rejected water pneumatic on-off valve (00GCK21AA011). The valves on
both circuits are switched between each other by judging whether the fresh water electric
conductivity (00GCK21CQ001) is within acceptable range.
On-line electric conductivity (00GCF31CQ201~206) is provided respectively on the fresh water
pipelines to the 2nd through the 7th effects, to determine the water quality in each effect. Level
(00GCF31CL202) is provided on the fresh water balance tank (00GCF31AT008), to monitor
water level and control the fresh water pump. Temperature (00GCK21CT0301) is provided on the
outlet pipeline from the fresh water balance tank. The temperature (00GCK21CT002), pressure
(00GCK21CP201) and flow (00GCK21CF201) are provided on the product water delivery
pipeline after the heat exchanger.
3.1.3 Concentrated Brine System
The seawater delivered into the 4th through the 7th effect evaporators is sprayed onto the external
surfaces of the condensation tubes through the spray system. Some seawater evaporates into
secondary steam, and the remaining, as raw seawater to the 1st through the 3rd effect evaporators,
is delivered to the 1st through the 3rd effect evaporators for final evaporation. The remaining
concentrated brine from the 1st and 2nd effects is flash evaporated between effects. The
concentrated brine from the 3rd effect enters into the concentrated brine flash tank
29
(00GCF41AT001). The secondary steam flash evaporated in 1# flash tank (00GCF41AT001)
enters into the 4th effect evaporator, and the concentrated brine discharged from this evaporator
enters into 2# flash tank (00GCF41AT002). The secondary steam flash evaporated in 2# flash tank
enters into the 5th effect evaporator, and the concentrated brine discharged from this evaporator
enters into 3# flash tank (00GCF41AT003). Then, the concentrated brine goes through the system
in turn, finally reaching the concentrated brine balance tank (00GCF41AT005), and drained
outside via the on-off valve (00GCF41AA001) provided on the concentrated brine balance tank by
the concentrated brine pump (00GCF41AP001/ AP001).
Temperature (00GCF21CT009~ 015) is provided respectively on the concentrated brine pipelines
of the 1st through the 7th effects. Level (00GCF41CL001) is provided on the concentrated brine
balance tank, to monitor water level and control the concentrated water pump. Temperature
(00GCF41CT004), pressure (00GCF41CP201), flow (00GCF41CF001) and electric conductivity
(00GCF41CQ001) are provided on the concentrated brine discharge pipeline.
3.1.4 Vacuumizing System
The device is operated under negative pressure, and the incondensable gas in this device is
discharged into atmosphere by the three-stage steam injection vacuum pump (00GCF11BN003),
thus to create and maintain the vacuum level within the system. Incondensable gas is sucked out
from the 1st through the 7th effect evaporators and the condensator, at the same time, vacuum is
created in the condensate cylinder. Each vacuumizing pipeline is provided with a stop valve, to
regulate the vacuum level in each effect. In case of fault, vacuum level within the system is
maintained by the three-stage vacuumizing pneumatic on-off valve (00GCF11AA037).
In order to reach the vacuum level required for system operation within the specified time limit,
this device is provided with one set of startup steam injection vacuum pump (00GCF11BN002)
and a quick vacuumizing pneumatic on-off valve (00GCF11AA036). During normal operation,
this device is out of operation, the startup vacuumizing pneumatic on-off valve (00GCF11AA036),
the vacuumizing steam on-off valve (00GCF11AA014) and the quick vacuumizing pneumatic
on-off valve (00GCF11AA035) are closed.
30
Vacuum level (00GCF21CP001~007) and temperature (00GCF21CT001~007) are provided
respectively on the 1st through the 7th effect evaporators and condensator cylinder. Vacuum level
(00GCF11CP206) is provided on the three-stage vacuumizing pipeline, vacuum level
(00GCF11CP206) on the startup vacuumizing pipeline, and vacuum level (00GCF11CP204) on
the fresh water tank of the condensator.
3.1.5 Steam System
Superheated steam to this device is from two sources: one is from the main auxiliary steam pipe
and the other from boiler house startup steam, able to switch between each other.
After entering into the system steam pipeline, the superheated steam is divided into two circuits:
1) One circuit enters into the steam thermal compressor (00GCF11BN001) for production use
via the superheated steam startup regulating valve (00GCF11AA101). At the same time, the steam
thermal compressor takes some secondary steam from the condensator to increase temperature and
pressure. Heating steam temperature when entering into the 1st effect evaporator is about 150 ℃,
therefore, fresh water is added before entering into the 1st effect evaporator, thus to decrease
superheated steam temperature to the temperature setpoint.
Pressure (00GCF11CP201), temperature (00GCF11CT001), and flow (00GCF11CF001) are
provided on the superheated steam pipeline. Pressure (00GCF11CP202) and temperature
(00GCF11CT002) are provided on the steam pipeline after depressurizing. Temperature
(00GCF11CT003) is provided on the outlet pipeline from the steam thermal compressor. Pressure
(00GCF11CP003) and temperature (00GCF11CT004) are provided on the steam inlet pipeline to
the 1st effect evaporator.
2) The other circuit supplies steam to the startup steam injection vacuum pump and the
three-stage steam injection vacuum pump respectively, to ensure normal operation of the
vacuumizing devices. Operation and out-of-operation of the startup vacuumizing device is
controlled by the steam inlet on-off valve (00GCF11AA014).
Flow (00GCF11CF202) is provided on the vacuumizing steam pipeline.
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3.1.6 Auxiliary System
1) Dosing System
a) Reducing Agent Dosing

The reducing agent dosing device consists of one reducing agent unloading pump
00GCN11AP001, 1# and 2# reducing agent dosing pumps 00GCN21AP001/AP002 and the
relevant pipelines. The dosing pumps are to charge reducing agent into raw seawater before the
seawater feed pump.
b) Antiscaling Agent Dosing

The antiscaling agent dosing device consists of 1# and 2# antiscaling agent metering pumps
(00GCN31AP001/AP002), a storage tank (00GCN31BB001) and the relevant pipelines. The
metering pumps are to charge antiscaling agent into raw seawater to be delivered into the
evaporators from the condensator, thus to alleviate or avoid scaling on the heat transfer tubes
during seawater evaporation.
2) Cleaning System
In order to remove the heat transfer tubes of scale, each evaporator is provided with one set of acid
cleaning system. The cleaning device consists of a cleaning chemical agitating tank
(00GCP11BB001), a cleaning liquid tank (00GCP21BB001), a cleaning liquid unloading pump
(00GCP11AP001), a cleaning pump (00GCP21AP001) and the relevant pipelines for cleaning.
During cleaning, this system works together with the water feed pipelines to the various effects.
The cleaning pump can pump the cleaning liquid in the cleaning liquid tank respectively into each
effect and the condensator, thus to clean the corresponding effect. The cleaning loop is selected
and controlled through pipelines and valves.
3.2 Process Control System
The control system of the cryogenic multi-effect seawater desalination units is configured in unit,
and each unit is provided with one set of microprocessor based dual hot-standby programmable
32
logic controllers (PLC) + host computers, to perform functions such as status monitoring,
parameter acquisition, sequence control and loop control etc. In addition, it is connected with the
whole plant auxiliary shops control system provided in the central control room through
bidirectional redundancy Ethernet switches, to realize functions such as auto operation and
manless attendance. For details, refer to “Instructions on Control System”.
Design and operation of process control of the cryogenic multi-effect seawater desalination units
is relatively simple. Process control focuses on maintaining the level of liquid entering into the
evaporators and steam flow and material balance:
1) By presetting the design value, the frequency converter RPM is regulated through closed loop
PID regulation, thus to keep the processes such as the seawater feed, concentrated brine, cooling
water and product water in balanced conditions.
2) By presetting the design value, openness of the pneumatic on-off valves is regulated through
closed loop PID regulation, thus to maintain fresh water output in balanced conditions.
Eleven closed loop PID regulation loops in total are provided for normal operation of the
cryogenic multi-effect seawater desalination units as follows:
1) Seawater feed flow is maintained in balanced conditions through RPM regulation to the
seawater feed pump;
2) Level in the condensate tank is maintained within normal range through RPM regulation to
the condensate pump (00GCK11AP001/ AP002);
3) Level in the concentrated brine balance tank is maintained within normal range through RPM
regulation to the concentrated brine pump (00GCF41AP001/ AP002);
4) Level in the product water balance tank is maintained within normal range through RPM
regulation to the fresh water pump (00GCK21AP001/ AP002);
5) Level in the condensator is maintained within normal range through RPM regulation to the
cooling water pumps (00GCF51AP001/ AP002/ AP003);
6) Level in the 7th effect evaporator is maintained within normal range through RPM regulation
to the intermediate water pump for the 4th through the 7th effects (00GCF21AP001/ AP002);
7) Cooling water flow to the three-stage vacuumizing is maintained within normal range
through RPM regulation to the cooling water feed pump;
33
8) Level in the vacuumizing cooling water pool is maintained within normal range through
RPM regulation to the vacuum cooling water pump (00GCF11AP001/ AP002);
9) Inlet steam temperature to the 1st effect is maintained within normal range through RPM
regulation to the superheat elimination pump (00GCF21AP003/ AP004);
10) Spray flow in the 1st through the 3rd effect evaporators is maintained within normal range
through PRM regulation to the intermediate water pump for the 1st through the 3rd effects
(00GCF11AA010);
Table 3.1: Control Loops for Normal Operation
Item Object to Be Controlled KKS Code Variable under Control
No.
3 Cooling water pump 00GCF51AP001/ Level, condensator

AP002/ AP003
4 Intermediate water pump for 00GCF21AP001/ Level, 7th effect evaporator
4th through 7th effects AP002
5 Intermediate water pump for 00GCF21AP003/ Spray flow, 1st through 3rd effect
1st through 3rd effects AP004 evaporators
7 Condensate pump 00GCK11AP001/ Level, condensate balance tank

AP002
8 Superheat elimination pump 00GCF11AP001/ Steam temperature, 1st effect evaporator
AP002
9 Fresh water pump 00GCK21AP001/ Level, fresh water balance tank
AP002
10 Concentrated brine pump 00GCF41AP001/ Level, concentrated brine balance tank
AP002
11 Depressurized steam 00GCF11AA010 Steam flow, evaporators
pneumatic regulating valve
3.3 Electric System
380 V low-voltage power distribution system, with 3-phase 4-wire feed power supply (380 VAC,
50 Hz), is used as the power supply system of the cryogenic multi-effect seawater desalination
34
units. Low-voltage transformers, 380 V power centers (PC), and motor control centers (MCC) are
arranged in pair, thus to create dual power supplies. The 2 low-voltage transformer rooms are
standby to each other. The 380 V low-voltage plant power supply system is directly grounded at
the neutral point. For details, refer to “Instructions on Electric System”.
The electric system of the cryogenic multi-effect seawater desalination units is centralized in the
MCC cabinets, frequency converter cabinets and field operation boxes. Basically, it includes two
kinds of circuits:
1) Main circuit (380 V, 50 Hz): It includes feed power supply, motive power supply and
frequency converters, to provide motive power to devices driven by motor and auxiliary devices.
2) Control circuit (220 V, 50 Hz): It is to realize manual/auto operation and control on all the
devices in any conditions.
3.3.1 Main Circuit
On the main circuit, motive power is supplied to every major consumer through feed circuit
breakers. Current and voltage transmitters are installed on the main circuit to monitor the feed
current.
Motive power supplies to motors and auxiliary devices include circuit breakers for motors and
frequency converter circuits (if a circuit is not equipped with a frequency converter, a DC
contactor and a thermal relay are provided).
3.3.2 Motor Control Circuit
The control circuit without frequency converter is supplied at 220 V from the lower connection of
the protection circuit breaker on the motive power supply circuit to the corresponding device. On
the control circuit, a remote/local selector switch and a start/stop switch are provided.
The control circuit to each frequency converter is supplied at 24 V from the 24 V power supply
inside the corresponding frequency converter. On the control circuit, a remote/local selector switch
and acceleration/deceleration pushbuttons are provided.
35
4 System Operation
Regulations
36
4.1. Preparation
4.1.1 Checkup before Operation
1) Switch on the main switch and control switch;
2) All the electric valves, instruments, interlock controls and protections have been tested and
are in ready conditions;
3) The steam, water and power supplies to the system are ready, meeting the conditions for
startup;
4) The unit and pipelines have been flushed;
5) All the valves connected with instruments are open.
4.1.2 Preparation of Chemical Liquor for Feed Water Treatment
1) Antiscaling Agent
The antiscaling agent, type Belgard EV2050 is a light yellow polycarboxylic acid type liquid. Its
dosing rate is 4-5 ppm, with dosing amount regulated depending on the flow indication of the
flowmeter provided on the intermediate water pump.
The antiscaling agent is a kind of drummed liquid, and it is directly charged into the dosing tank
(00GCN31BB001), which volume is 1.5 m3, enough for one month’s consumption.
2) Reducing Agent
Sodium hydrogen sulfite is used as the reducing agent. In the seawater pre-treatment process,
seawater is disinfected by impulsive chlorine addition, therefore, a reduction process is necessary
before seawater enters into the evaporation system. Reducing agent is added by the say same way
employed for pre-treatment, namely, impulsive dosing. Its dosing rate is 5-6 ppm. Both the
reducing agent solution tank and the dosing tank have a volume of 0.5 m3, for about three-days’
consumption.
Preparation of chemical liquid:
37
a. Clean the cleaning liquid tank thoroughly, then, fill 400 L fresh water into it;
b. Charge 50 kg solid sodium hydrogen sulfite into the tank;
c. Then, again fill water into it to get 500 L liquor in total. Start the agitator and continue
agitation for 30 minutes, then, stop the agitator;
d. Start the reducing agent unloading pump 00GCN11AP001to transfer the liquor into the
reducing agent dosing tank 00GCN21BB001.
Note: Prior to system startup, make sure that the dosing tank was full of chemical liquid, or
else, damage will be caused to the dosing pump.
38
4.2 Startup
Two ways can be used to start the system, manual start and auto start.
4.2.1 Manual Start
1) Step 1: Check the status of all the valves: Prior to system startup, all the valves are at the
default status, closed. Then, open the following valves. Refer to Table 4-1 Summary of Valve
Statuses.
2) Table 4-1 Summary of Valve Statuses (○ indicates “Open”). Step 2: Start the cooling water
feed pump, regulate the outlet flow of the cooling water feed pump to 340 m3/h and cooling water
flow of the three-stage steam injection vacuum pump to 100 m3/h and keep this flow steady by
means of the regulating valves OOGCF11AA002, OOGCF11AA005, OOGCK21AA012 and
OOGCK11AA010 according to indications on the flowmeters OOGCF11CF005 and
OOGCF11CF004.
3) Step 3: Start the startup steam injection vacuum pump and the three-stage steam injection
vacuum pump, and open the valves OOGCF11AA035, OOGCF11AA037, OOGCF11AA036 and
OOGCF11AA014, to generate vacuum in the evaporators.
4) Step 4: When vacuum level reaches 0.09 MPa, stop the startup steam injection vacuum pump
and close the pneumatic valves OOGCF11AA014, OOGCF11AA036 and OOGCF11AA035.
5) Step 5: Start the seawater feed pump by means of frequency converter, and regulate the flow
to 540m3/h (flow of the concentrated brine pump + flow of the cooling water pump) according to
the indication on the flowmeter OOGCF11CF005.
6) Step 6: When level in the condensator OOGCF21CL108 is indicated at 350mm, start the
intermediate water pump for the 4th through the 7th effects OOGCF21AP001 and 1/2# cooling
water pumps OOGCF51AP001/ AP002, regulate the flow and control the flow of the intermediate
water pump to 375 m3/h according to the indication on the corresponding flowmeter
39
OOGCF21CF004-CF007 (control the flow of OOGCF21CF004-CF007 to 93.8m3/h by regulating
the corresponding valves); regulate the discharge flow of the cooling water discharge pump to
about 260 m3/h according to the flow indication on the flowmeter OOGCF51CF001.
Note: At this time, note the discharge of the cooling water discharge pump, to maintain the
level steady in the condensator. It is not necessary to regulate the flow of the intermediate
water pump.
7) Step 7: When the level gauge OOGCF21CL107 in the 7th effect evaporator is indicated at
300mm, start the intermediate water pump for the 1st through the 3rd effects OOGCF21AP003, and
regulate the flow and control the flow of the intermediate water pump to 311m3/h according to the
indication on the corresponding flowmeter OOGCF21CF001- CF003 (control the flow of
OOGCF21CF001- CF003 to 104 m3/h by regulating the corresponding valves).
8) Step 8: When the level gauge OOGCF41CL001 is indicated at 300mm, start the concentrated
brine pump OOGCF41AP001, and regulate the flow to about 250 m3/h according to the indication
on the flowmeter OOGCF41CF001, to maintain the level OOGCF41CL001at about 300mm.
9) Step 9: Start the superheat elimination water feed pump OOGCF11AP001.
10) Step 10: Open the pneumatic regulating valve OOGCF11AA101, and start the steam thermal
compressor, and regulate and control the flow at 14.5 t/h according the indication on the
flowmeter OOGCF11CF001, also, regulate the water pump flow according to the temperature
OOGCF11CT004 to control the temperature at 71.5 oC.
11) Step 11: Regulate the flow of the intermediate water pump for the 1st through the 3rd effects
OOGCF21AP003 to maintain steady level on the level gauge OOGCF41CL201 provided on the
concentrated brine flash tank, till the water pump flow reaches 311m3/h.
Note: In case the level in the concentrated brine flash tank is not able to maintain steady
when the flow of the intermediate water pump for the 1st through the 3rd effects reaches 311
m3/h, reduce the flow of the concentrated brine pump to maintain the level steady.
40
12) Step 12: Regulate the flow of the intermediate water pump for the 4th through the 7th effects
OOGCF21AP001 to maintain the level (OOGCF21CL107) in the 7th effect evaporator steady, till
the water pump flow reaches 375 m3/h.
13) Step 13: Regulate the flow of the seawater feed pump to maintain the level in the condensator
steady.
Note: After the flow of the seawater feed pump has reached design value, maintain the level
in the condensator steady by regulating the flow with the cooling water discharge pump.
14) Step 14: When the level gauge OOGCF31CL201 the 1st effect balance tank reaches 450 mm,
start the 1st effect condensate pump OOGCK11AP001, and maintain the level at 45 cm by
regulating the water pump flow according to the level.
15) Step 15: When the level gauge OOGCF31CL202 in the fresh water balance tank reaches 350
mm, start the fresh water pump OOGCK21AP001, and maintain the level at 35 cm by regulating
the water pump flow according to the level.
16) Step 16: Regulate OOGCF11AA026-AA034 to make the pressure of all the effect
evaporators reach the rated pressure (refer to Table 2.1).
17) Step 17: When the flow of the fresh water pump OOGCK21AP001reaches its rated flow 125
m3/h, switch the superheat elimination water valve to the fresh water pipeline.
18) Step 18: Switch the manual mode to auto mode and complete the startup procedures.
41
Table 4-1: Summary of Valve Statuses (○ indicates “Open”)

Valve Position Status Valve Position Status
00GCF11AA001 ○ 00GCK21AA002 ○
00GCF11AA002 ○ 00GCF41AA003 ○
00GCF11AA003 ○ 00GCK21AA008 ○
00GCF11AA004 ○ 00GCK21AA009 ○
00GCF21AA001 ○ 00GCK11AA001 ○
00GCF21AA002 ○ 00GCK11AA002 ○
00GCF21AA011 ○ 00GCK11AA003 ○
00GCF21AA012 ○ 00GCK11AA008 ○
00GCF21AA007 ○ 00GCK11AA009 ○
00GCF21AA008 ○ 00GCF11AA016 ○
00GCF21AA009 ○ 00GCF11AA017 ○
00GCF21AA010 ○ 00GCF11AA018 ○
00GCF21AA018 ○ 00GCF11AA019 ○
00GCF21AA019 ○ 00GCF11AA021 ○
00GCF21AA020 ○ 00GCF11AA025 ○
00GCF21AA016 ○ 00GCF51AA002 ○
00GCF21AA017 ○ 00GCF51AA003 ○
00GCF21AA018 ○ 00GCF51AA005 ○
00GCK21AA003 ○ 00GCF51AA006 ○
00GCF41AA002 ○ 00GCF11AA015 ○
00GCF11AA026 ○ 00GCF11AA030 ○
00GCF11AA027 ○ 00GCF11AA031 ○
00GCF11AA028 ○ 00GCF11AA032 ○
00GCF11AA029 ○ 00GCF11AA033 ○
00GCF11AA034 ○
42
4.2.2 Auto Start
1) Step 1: Check the status of all the valves (Prior to system startup, all the valves are at the default status,
closed).
2) Open the following valves. Refer to Table 4-2 Summary of Valve Statuses.
3) Step 2: Switch the control pushbutton to Auto.
4) Step 3: Press Start button. In this case, the system will start automatically.
43
Table 4-2: Summary of Valve Statuses (○ indicates “Open”)
Valve Position Status Valve Position Status
00GCF11AA001 ○ 00GCK21AA002 ○
00GCF11AA002 ○ 00GCF41AA003 ○
00GCF11AA003 ○ 00GCK21AA008 ○
00GCF11AA004 ○ 00GCK21AA009 ○
00GCF21AA001 ○ 00GCK11AA001 ○
00GCF21AA002 ○ 00GCK11AA002 ○
00GCF21AA011 ○ 00GCK11AA003 ○
00GCF21AA012 ○ 00GCK11AA008 ○
00GCF21AA007 ○ 00GCK11AA009 ○
00GCF21AA008 ○ 00GCF11AA016 ○
00GCF21AA009 ○ 00GCF11AA017 ○
00GCF21AA010 ○ 00GCF11AA018 ○
00GCF21AA018 ○ 00GCF11AA019 ○
00GCF21AA019 ○ 00GCF11AA021 ○
00GCF21AA020 ○ 00GCF11AA025 ○
00GCF21AA016 ○ 00GCF51AA002 ○
00GCF21AA017 ○ 00GCF51AA003 ○
00GCF21AA018 ○ 00GCF51AA005 ○
00GCK21AA003 ○ 00GCF51AA006 ○
00GCF41AA002 ○ 00GCF11AA015 ○
00GCF11AA026 ○ 00GCF11AA030 ○
00GCF11AA027 ○ 00GCF11AA031 ○
00GCF11AA028 ○ 00GCF11AA032 ○
00GCF11AA029 ○ 00GCF11AA033 ○
00GCF11AA034 ○
44
Note: In this operation manual, all the operation procedures are based on
one unit. The operation procedures of the other unit are the same, and it is
only needed to modify the KKS code “******1” to “******2”.
45
4.3 Shutdown
Shutdown can be classified into three modes such as shutdown for standby, extended shutdown
and emergency shutdown.
4.3.1 Shutdown for Standby
Shutdown for standby refers to putting the seawater desalination unit out of production but
maintaining the vacuum status inside the unit. It is suitable for temporary system shutdown and
re-starting within 1 day.
The shutdown procedures are given as follows:
Step 1: Stop steam supply.
Step 2: Close the pneumatic regulating valve on the main steam pipe.
Step 3: Close the pneumatic on-off valve on the vacuumizing pipeline.
Step 4: Close the electric valve on the main steam pipe.
Step 5: Stop water feed. For shutdown procedures for water pumps, refer to the following table.
46
Table 4-1: Stop water feed to corresponding water pumps in the following manner
Item Pump Designation Shutdown Procedures
No.
Regulate flow to Q1 (rated flow 3 – intermediate water pump for
1 Seawater feed pump
4th through 7th effects), and stop pump after 10 minutes.
2 Cooling water pump When flow of seawater feed pump is switched to Q1
Intermediate water pump
3 When level in condensator is below setpoint
(4th through 7th effects)
4 When level in 7th effect is below setpoint
(1st through 3rd effects)
5 Concentrated brine pump When level in concentrated brine balance tank is below setpoint
6 Fresh water pump When level in fresh water balance tank is below setpoint
7 Condensate pump When level in condensate balance tank is below setpoint
Superheat elimination After pneumatic regulating valve on main steam pipe has been
8
water feed pump closed
Note: After having stopped a pump, close the corresponding pneumatic

on-off valve. When the corresponding pump has been stopped, shut down
the corresponding dosing device.
47
4.3.2 Extended Shutdown
Extended shutdown refers to shutting down the unit for an extended period, or for overhaul. In this
case, it is not necessary to maintain the vacuum status in the unit.
The shutdown procedures are given as follows:
1) Step 1: Stop steam supply.
2) Step 2: Close the pneumatic regulating valve on the main steam pipe.
3) Step 3: Close the electric valve on the main steam pipe.
4) Step 4: Open the manual valve 00GCF11AA038 to vent the unit.
5) Step 5: Stop water feed. For shutdown procedures for water pumps, refer to the following
table.
Table 4-2: Stop water feed to corresponding water pumps in the following manner
Item Pump Designation Shutdown Procedures

No.
Regulate flow to Q1 (rated flow 3 – intermediate water pump for
1 Seawater feed pump 4th through 7th effects), and stop pump after 10 minutes
(temporarily as 10 min).
2 Cooling water pump When flow of seawater feed pump is switched to Q1
3 When level in condensator is below setpoint
(4th through 7th effects)
4 When level in 7th effect is below setpoint
(1st through 3rd effects)
5 Concentrated brine pump When level in concentrated brine balance tank is below setpoint
6 Fresh water pump When level in fresh water balance tank is below setpoint
7 Condensate pump When level in condensate balance tank is below setpoint
Superheat elimination After pneumatic regulating valve on main steam pipe has been
8
water feed pump closed
Note: After having stopped a pump, close the corresponding pneumatic on-off valve. When
the corresponding pump has been stopped, shut down the corresponding dosing device.
Step 6: Drain the evaporators of the residual seawater, and flush the inside with fresh water.
48
4.3.3 Emergency Shutdown
In case of emergency and it is imperative to shut down the unit as quick as possible, follow the
following procedures:
1) Step 1: Close the heating steam valves and steam inlet valves to the vacuum pump.
2) Step 2: Turn off the control switch.
3) Step 3: Turn off the main switch.
4) Step 4: Close the discharge valves of the condensate pump, fresh water pump and
concentrated brine pump.
5) Step 5: Close the seawater feed valve and the cooling water discharge valve.
Note: Emergency shutdown must be performed by strictly following the emergency
shutdown procedures, or else, damage will be caused to eh equipment.
49
4.4 Output Regulation
Output regulation of the system is performed by regulating the steam feed. When increasing the
steam feed, fresh water output will increase accordingly; When decreasing the steam feed, fresh
water output will decrease accordingly.

印尼巴齐丹 2×315MW 燃煤电站工程

2×3000 吨/天低温多效海水淡化装置
操作调试大纲
2009 年 06 月
印尼巴齐丹 2×315MW 燃煤电站工程

2×3000 吨/天低温多效海水淡化装置
操作调试大纲
文件号： (W1)ZD0030A-16001ATD
编制：
校对：
审核：
审定：
2009 年 06 月
目录
1 系统简介 ........................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 项目概况 ................................................................................................................................ 2

1.2 规范和标准 ............................................................................................................................ 3
1.3 低温多效海水淡化技术原理 ................................................................................................ 5
1.4 主要技术参数及特性 ............................................................................................................ 8
2 系统设备描述 ................................................................................................................................ 10
2.1.蒸发器主体 .......................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.辅机设备 .............................................................................................................................. 14
3 过程回路 ...................................................................................................................................... 24
3.1 工艺过程 .............................................................................................................................. 25

3.2 过程控制系统 ...................................................................................................................... 32
3.3 电气系统 .............................................................................................................................. 34
4 系统调试规程 .............................................................................................................................. 36
4.1. 准备 ..................................................................................................................................... 37
4.2启动 ....................................................................................................................................... 39
4.3停机 ....................................................................................................................................... 46
4.4产量调节 ............................................................................................................................... 50
1 系统简介
1
1.1 项目概况
巴齐丹（Pacitan）电站为一新建发电厂，电厂按 2X315MW 机组容

量设计，电厂位于印度尼西亚东爪哇地区南海岸，离巴齐丹（Pacitan）往
东约 30Km。本工程海水淡化设备原料水取自电厂北侧的印度洋的海水，
海水淡化装置为电厂提供淡水作为生活用水和锅炉补充水源。
1.1.1 低温多效海水淡化装置
本项目包含两套配置相同的 3000 吨/天海水淡化设备，分别为：
＃1 单元，产品编号 ZH－MED－001－1
＃2 单元，产品编号 ZH－MED－001－2
单套海水淡化系统主要设备长 50 米，宽 6 米，高 12 米，总重 350
吨，运行重量 400 吨。本项目中包含 2 套系统，整个淡化区域包括配电室、
控制室等占地面积 2240 平方米，长 80 米，宽 28 米。
设备采用 KKS 来标识，本系统的 KKS 编码原则与全厂原则一致，具
体原则可以查阅相关资料。本项目的海水淡化系统属于全厂共用系统，对
于 2 套配置一样的系统，KKS 编码原则是一致的，相同的设备的编码只有
在系统段不一致，例如 00GCF41AP001 表示＃1 系统中某一台泵，则
00GCF42AP001 表示＃2 系统中功能相同、位置相似、型号一致的泵。
6) 原料海水取自海水预处理站水质达标后的海水。
7) 加热蒸汽来源分为两种：
¾ 项目初期运行来自启动锅炉的1.4MPa蒸汽；
¾ 项目正常运行后来自汽轮机的中压缸排汽或辅助蒸汽，蒸汽压力和
温度随主机负荷、抽汽流量的变化而变化，提供的蒸汽压力为0.26～
1.12 MPa（绝压）。
8) 浓盐水及冷却水随循环水直流冷却系统排水一起排放。
9) 首效冷凝水返回电厂。
2
10) 合格水进入产品水输送管路。
1.1.2 海水淡化装置电源系统
海水淡化电气系统采用低压配电系统，动力电压为 380V、50Hz，三
相四线制，交流控制电压为单相 220V。低压变压器、380V 动力中心（PC）、
电动机控制中心（MCC）成对配置，建立双电源通道。2 台低压变压器间
互为备用，380V 低压厂用电系统中性点采用直接接地方式。
1.1.3 海水淡化装置控制系统
海水淡化控制系统采用单元配置，每单元各配置一套以微处理器为基
础的双机热备的可编程序控制器（PLC）+上位机方式，通过双向冗余以
太网交换机与集中控制室全厂辅助车间控制系统连接的控制系统。
1.1.4 海水淡化装置气源系统
海水淡化系统气源系统为仪表专用压缩空气，来自全厂公用的压缩空
气系统。
1.2 规范和标准
在设备设计、制造和验收中所涉及的各项规程、规范和标准应遵循现
行最新版本的国际标准。设计和制造的设备依照下列标准。
1.2.1 设备
11) 《钢制压力容器》GB150；
12) 《管壳式换热器》GB151；
13) 《一般公差未注公差的线性和角度尺寸的公差》
GB/T1804-2000
14) 《鞍式支座》JB/T4712-92；
15) 《钢制卧式容器》JB/T 4731-2005；
16) 《钢制压力容器-分析设计标准》JB/T 4732-95；
3
17) 《钢制焊接常压容器》JB/T 4735-1997；

18) 《凸片板式平焊钢制管法兰》JB/T 81-94；
19) 《钢制固定式薄管板列管换热器》HG 21503-92；
20) 《设备吊耳》HG 21579-94；
1.2.2 电气系统
13) 《低压配电设计规范》GB50054-95；
14) 《电力装置的电气测量仪表装置设计规范》GBJ63-90；
15) 《电气简图用图形符号》GB/T4728-2005；
16) 《电气装置安装工程低压电器施工及验收规范》GB50254-96；
17) 《火力发电厂与变电所设计防火规范》GB50229-96；
18) 《建筑照明设计标准》GB50034-2004；
19) 《供配电系统设计规范》GB50052-95
20) 《低压开关设备和控制设备》IEC60947；
21) 《国际电气技术委员会》IEC；
22) 《电气及电子工程师协》IEEE；
23) 《美国全国电气制造商协会》NEMA；
24) 《电气装置安装工程1kV及以下配线工程施工及验收规范》
GB50258-96；
1.2.2 仪表系统
15) 《美国仪表协会》ISA；
16) 《气动控制回路压力试验》RP7.1
17) 《数字处理计算机的硬件测试》RP55.1；
18) 《仪表符号与标记》S5.1；
19) 《过程控制用二进制逻辑图》S5.3；
20) 《仪表回路图》S5.4；
21) 《过程测量和控制仪表、一次元件及控制阀的规范格式》S20；
4
22) 《过程仪表术语》S51.1；
23) 《工业控制及系统的一般标准》ICSI；
24) 《工业控制装置、控制器及组件的标准》ICS2；
25) 《工业控制设备及系统的端子排》ICS4；
26) 《工业控制及系统的机壳》ICS6；
27) 《网络通讯协议》TCP/IP；
28) 《局域网标准》IEEE802；
1.2.3 管道系统：
6) 金属管道和管件——按ASME/ANSI设计。材料根据ASTM和
DIN。
7) 法兰——按ASME B16.5和AWWA设计。材料根据ASTM和DIN。
8) 聚丙烯管——设计和材料根据DIN和ISO标准。法兰根据ASME
B16-5。
9) 玻璃钢（FRP）管——按B.S.和AWWA设计。法兰根据ASME
B16-5。
10) 螺栓和螺母——按ANSI设计。材料根据ASTM和DIN。
1.3 低温多效海水淡化技术原理
低温多效海水淡化技术是指海水的最高蒸发温度低于 70°C 的淡化技

术，其特征是将一系列的水平管喷淋降膜蒸发器串联起来，用一定量的蒸
汽输入通过多次的蒸发和冷凝，后面一效的蒸发温度均低于前面一效，从
而得到多倍于蒸汽量的蒸馏水的淡化过程。其流程如图 1-1 所示。
5
图 1-1 低温多效海水淡化流程示意图
进料海水在冷凝器中被预热和脱气，之后被分成两股物流。一股物流
作为冷凝液排弃并排回大海，另外一股物流变成蒸馏过程的进料液。
料液经加入阻垢分散剂之后被引入到热回收段各效温度最低的一组
中。喷淋系统把料液喷淋分布到各蒸发器中的顶排管上，在沿顶排管向下
以薄膜形式自由流动的过程中，一部分海水由于吸收了在蒸发器内冷凝蒸
汽的潜热而汽化。被轻微浓缩的剩余料液用泵打入到蒸发器效的下一个组
中，该组的操作温度要比上一组高一些。在新的组中又重复了蒸发和喷淋
过程。剩余的料液接着往前打，直到最后在温度最高的效组中以浓缩液的
形式离开该效组。
生蒸汽输入到温度最高一效的蒸发管内部。在管内发生冷凝的同时，
在管外也产生了与冷凝量基本相同的蒸发。产生的二次蒸汽在穿过了浓盐
水液滴分离器以保证蒸馏水的纯度之后，又引入到下一效的传热管内，第
二效的操作温度和压力要略低于第一效。
这种蒸发和冷凝过程沿着一串蒸发器的各效一直重复，每效都产生了
相当数量的蒸馏水，到最后一效的蒸汽在排热段被海水冷却液冷凝。
第一效的冷凝液被收集起来，该蒸馏水的一部分又返回到蒸汽发生
器，超过输入的生蒸汽量的部分流入到一系列特殊容器的首个容器中，每
一个容器都连接到下一低温效的冷凝侧。这样使一部分蒸馏水产生闪蒸并
6
使剩余的产品水冷却下来，同时把热量传给热回收效的主体中去。
如此产品水呈阶梯状流动并被逐级闪蒸冷却。放出的热量提高了系统
的总效率。被冷却的蒸馏水最后用产品水泵抽出并输入到储液罐中。如此
生产出的产品水是完全的纯水，它不含有任何污染物。
象蒸馏水一样，浓缩海水从第一效呈阶梯状流入一系列的浓盐水闪蒸
罐中，闪蒸冷却以回收其热量。经过冷却之后，浓盐水经浓盐水泵打入大
海。
不凝性气体从每一根冷凝管中抽出，并从一效流到另一效。这些不凝
性气体最后在排热冷凝器的最冷端富集，并用蒸汽喷射器或机械式真空泵
抽出。
低温多效海水淡化技术有以下优点：
7) 由于操作温度低，完全避免或减缓了设备的腐蚀和结垢；
8) 进料海水的预处理更为简单；
9) 系统的操作弹性大；
10) 系统的动力消耗小；
11) 系统的热效率高；
12) 系统的操作安全可靠。
7
1.4 主要技术参数及特性
低温多效蒸馏淡化设备的额定数据：
11) 单台装置产水量：125t/h（3000t/d）
；
12) 产品水盐含量： 10mg/L；
13) 造水比：8 （蒸汽压力0.77MPa（绝压）～320℃，原料海水温度

30℃、含盐量31000mg/l～34000mg/l时）
；
14) 装置台数：2台；
15) 单台海水总需求量：1000t/h；
16) 进料海水水质指标：
序号项目单位数量
1 TDS mg/L 35500
2 温度 °C 平均 20
3 悬浮物 mg/L ≤10
4 pH 值 6.8~8.8
5 泥沙粒径小于 1mm
6 游离氯 mg/L 0.5~1.0
7 石油类 mg/L ≤1.0
8 CODMn mg/L ≤5
9 H2S mg/L ≤0.1
10 游离油 mg/L ≤1
17) 单台浓盐水排放：141t/h；
18) 单台浓盐水盐含量：67000mg/L；
8
19) 装置最高操作温度：71.5°C；
20) 装机功率：250kW。
9
2 系统设备描述
10
2.1.蒸发器主体
2.1.1 蒸发器主体的构成
3000 吨/天低温多效海水淡化装置是由 7 效蒸发器及 1 台冷凝器串联

组成。蒸发器主要由 316L（00Cr17Ni14Mo2）不锈钢制成，筒体由厚度
10 毫米的 316L 不锈钢板卷制，内部的传热管为钛管和铜管，冷凝器传热
管全部为钛管，同时为防止海水对蒸发器的腐蚀，延长装置的使用寿命，
在筒体底部加有阳极棒，对蒸发器进行牺牲阳极保护。
蒸发器和冷凝器根据中国国家相关标准设计和制造，能够承受试验和
运行时的最大可能压力和真空度。所有互联导管和管路留有热膨胀的足够
余地，不对相关设备和泵产生额外的应力。
各效具有各自永久性的人出入口，底座的设计保证在设备停运时方便
地排出所有存水，并提供适当的人孔门以进入各效进行检查、维修、更换
除雾器、喷嘴、进行内部的冲洗和清扫。
各效蒸发器设置了观察窗口，在运行时能够察看海水的喷淋及上部的
管路；在冷运转时能够检测和清理喷淋系统的阻塞或异常情况，并提供靠
近观察窗口的安全防护设施。
各效的海水喷头及其分布排列的设计确保海水在传热管上呈薄膜状，
避免出现水流过少或干涸区域而造成管路表面结垢。喷头和联管便于拆
除，喷头与喷淋管路采用管螺纹连接，喷头的口径采用 DN25、DN50 两
种喷头，1-7 效蒸发器装置使用 DN25 喷头，冷凝器使用 DN50 喷头。
蒸发器（冷凝器）内部的主要构件包括传热管、传热管支撑板、喷淋
系统、淡水箱、捕沫装置等。淡水箱的上端有真空抽气接口，下端有淡水
出口；位于冷凝管束上方的为喷淋系统，由布水管和喷头组成；捕沫装置
为双层 V 形板结构。
每一效蒸发器（冷凝器）还带有闪蒸罐，以回收潜热，提高热效率。
11
每套装置设有 11 个闪蒸罐，每个闪蒸罐直径 0.9m，长度 4.9m。
图 2-1 蒸发器
图 2-2 冷凝器
12
2.1.2蒸发器（冷凝器）主要技术参数
蒸发器的主要技术参数如表 2-1 所示。
表 2-1 蒸发器（冷凝器）主要技术参数
加热蒸汽
蒸发量喷淋量蒸发温度重量
编号 KKS 码名称温度
（t/h）（t/h）（℃）（t）
（℃）
OOGCF21AA
1 1 效蒸发器 21.9 102 71 67.5 35～40
701
OOGCF21AA
2 2 效蒸发器 19.5 102 67.5 64 35～40
702
OOGCF21AA
3 3 效蒸发器 18.3 102 64 60.5 35～40
703
OOGCF21AA
4 4 效蒸发器 16.7 93.8 60.5 57 35～40
704
OOGCF21AA
5 5 效蒸发器 16.6 93.8 57 53.5 35～40
705
OOGCF21AA
6 6 效蒸发器 17.1 93.8 53.5 50 35～40
706
OOGCF21AA
7 7 效蒸发器 18.2 93.8 50 46.5 35～40
707
OOGCF21AA
8 冷凝器 — 598 46.5 — 33
708
13
2.2.辅机设备
2.2.1工艺流程泵
17) 海水进料泵的作用是将海水从预处理水池中取出加压后，输送到冷凝
器中。
18) 冷却水进料泵的作用是将海水从预处理水池中取出加压后，输送至三
级蒸汽喷射真空泵和换热器中作为冷却液。
19) 冷却水泵的作用是将冷凝器中的海水排出冷凝器，以维持冷凝器中海
水的液位在设定值。
20) 4～7效中间水泵的作用是将经冷凝器预热的海水输送至4-7效蒸发器
中进行蒸发。
21) 1～3效中间水泵的作用是将4-7效蒸发器中的海水输送至1-3效蒸发器
中进行蒸发。
22) 真空冷却水排放泵的作用是将真空冷却水池的水排放，同时维持水池
在一定液位。
23) 真空泵的作用是辅助真空冷却水排放泵的启动。
24) 浓盐水泵的作用是将蒸发系统内的浓盐水排放掉。
25) 冷凝水泵的作用是将第1效产生的淡水抽出，并单独输送回主厂房。
26) 消除过热给水泵的作用是向进入到1效蒸发器的蒸汽输送蒸馏水，以消
除蒸汽的过热度。
27) 淡水泵的作用是将系统生产的淡水抽出，并输送至淡水箱。
28) 清洗卸液泵的作用是在配制清洗液时，将清洗液从搅拌箱转移至清洗
水箱中。
29) 清洗泵的作用是输送清洗液至各效蒸发器（冷凝器）中，对其进行化
学清洗。
14
30) 还原剂卸液泵的作用是将配制好的还原剂溶液从搅拌箱转移至加药
箱。
31) 还原剂剂量泵的作用是将还原剂加入至原料海水中。
32) 阻垢剂剂量泵的作用是将阻垢剂加入至原料海水中。
表 2-2 工艺泵性能参数表
流量扬程汽蚀余
编号 KKS 码名称型号材料
（m3/h） (m) 量（m）
2 OOGCF51AP001 冷却水泵Ⅰ 131 23 3.0 双相钢
3 OOGCF51AP002 冷却水泵Ⅱ 131 23 3.0 SS316L
4 OOGCF51AP003 冷却水泵Ⅲ（备） 131 23 3.0 SS316L
5 OOGCF21AP001 4～7 效中间水泵 375 20 3.0 SS316L
4～7 效中间水泵
6 OOGCF21AP002 375 20 3.0 SS316L
（备）
7 OOGCF21AP003 1～3 效中间水泵 311 20 3.0 SS316L
1～3 效中间水泵
8 OOGCF21AP004 311 20 3.0 SS316L
（备）
25 OOGCF41AP001 浓盐水泵 246 20 3.0 SS316L
26 OOGCF41AP002 浓盐水泵（备） 246 20 3.0 SS316L
9 OOGCK11AP001 冷凝水泵 36 50 2.5 SS304
10 OOGCK11AP002 冷凝水泵（备） 36 50 2.5 SS304
11 OOGCF11AP001 消除过热给水泵 5 50
15
12 OOGCF11AP002 消除过热给水泵（备） 5 50
13 OOGCK21AP001 淡水泵 130 40 2.5 SS304
14 OOGCK21AP002 淡水泵（备） 130 40 2.5 SS304
40 OOGCP11AP001 清洗卸液泵 5 10 SS316L
41 OOGCP21AP001 清洗泵 131 23 SS316L
34 OOGCN11AP001 还原剂卸液泵 5 10
35 OOGCN21AP001 还原剂计量泵Ⅰ 45L/h
36 OOGCN21AP002 还原剂计量泵Ⅱ 45L/h
38 OOGCN31AP001 阻垢剂计量泵Ⅰ 2.2L/h
39 OOGCN31AP002 阻垢剂计量泵Ⅱ 2.2L/h
2.2.2 蒸汽热压缩装置
蒸汽热压缩装置是低温多效海水淡化工程的重要设备，可大大提高系
统的蒸汽利用效率。蒸汽热压缩装置采用的动力蒸汽是来自汽轮机的中压
缸排汽或辅助蒸汽，蒸汽压力为 0.8～1.0 MPa。蒸汽热压缩装置从冷凝器
吸入低压蒸汽进行压缩，混合蒸汽进入到 1 效蒸发器。具体过程如下：
蒸汽通过喷嘴高速喷出，将蒸汽的压力能变为动能，形成高速射流；
吸入室（冷凝器）中的低压蒸汽被高速射流强制携带与之混合，进入扩压
器，在扩压器的扩张段内，混合射流的动能转变为压力能，速度降低压力
升高，混合蒸汽被压缩后进入到 1 效蒸发器。
蒸汽热压缩装置的设备编号是 48，KKS 码 OOGCF11BN001,型号为
ZP60-0。具体参数如表 2-3 所示。
16
表 2-3 蒸汽热压缩器性能参数表
项目参数单位
加热蒸汽量 14 t/h
加热蒸汽压力 0.8 MPa(A)
加热蒸汽温度 320 ℃
循环蒸汽量 9.15 t/h
循环蒸汽温度 46.5 ℃
出口饱和蒸汽量 23.1 t/h
出口压力 0.033 MPa(A)
出口温度 144 ℃
2.2.3三级蒸汽喷射真空泵
三级蒸汽喷射真空泵是由三级喷射器与三级冷凝器串联而成，它的原
理与蒸汽热压缩装置相同，也是一种用水蒸汽作为抽气介质来获得真空的
装置。三级蒸汽喷射真空泵的设备编号 45， KKS 码 00GCF11BN003,
型号 3JP10F-0，设备的具体参数如表 2-4 所示。
表 2-4 三级蒸汽喷射真空泵性能参数表
项目参数单位备注
真空度 10 kPa
抽气量 924 kg/h
17
工作蒸汽压力 0.8～1.0 MPa(A) 320℃
工作蒸汽耗量 1000 Kg/h
冷却水进水温度 ≤32 ℃
冷却水量 96 t/h
冷却水压力 ≥0.2 MPa
2.2.4启动蒸汽喷射真空泵
启动蒸汽喷射真空泵是在系统启动时，为尽快建立真空，减少启动时
间设计的，它的原理与蒸汽热压缩装置相同，也是一种用水蒸汽作为抽气
介质来获得真空的装置。启动蒸汽喷射真空泵的设备编号是 46， KKS 码
00GCF11BN002，型号 SJ62-0。
表 2-5 启动用蒸汽喷射真空泵性能参数表
项目参数单位备注
真空度 10 kPa
抽气系统体积 600 m3
工作蒸汽压力 0.8～1.0 MPa(A) 320℃
工作蒸汽耗量 1382 Kg/h
2.2.5换热器
每套淡化装置设有两台换热器，一台冷凝水换热器，一台产品水换热
器，两台换热器的作用就是将首效冷凝水和产品水的温度降到设定值，换
18
热器的冷却水采用来自预处理水池的海水。
表 2-6 换热器性能参数表
冷却水流量热流体流量
KKS 码名称型号
（m3/h）（m3/h）
00GCK11AC001 冷凝水换热器 SJ130 <188 23
00GCK21AC001 产品水换热器 SJ35 <104 118
2.2.6过滤器
每套淡化装置设有两台过滤器，一台海水过滤器，一台蒸汽过滤器，
海水过滤器为自清洗式过滤器，公称直径为 DN350，公称压力为 1.0MPa。
蒸汽过滤器为普通 Y 型过滤器,过滤精度为 20 目，
公称直径为 DN250，
公称压力为 1.6MPa。
2.2.7阀门
淡化装置所用阀门分为手动阀门、气动阀门和电动阀门，每个阀门的
位置及 KKS 码入下表所示：
表 2-7 系统阀门表
序号阀门 KKS 号名称所处位置
1 00GCF11AA001 气动蝶阀海水过滤网前
2 00GCF11AA002 手动蝶阀海水过滤网后
3 00GCF11AA003 气动开关蝶阀海水进料总管路
4 00GCF11AA004 手动蝶阀海水进料总管路
5 00GCF11AA005 手动蝶阀冷却水进料管路
6 00GCF51AA001 气动开关蝶阀冷却水排放泵前冷却水排放总管路
7 00GCF51AA002 手动蝶阀冷却水排放泵 00GCF51AP001 前
19
8 00GCF51AA003 手动蝶阀冷却水排放泵 00GCF51AP001 后
9 00GCF51AA004 衬里止回阀冷却水排放泵 00GCF51AP001 后
16 00GCF21AA001 手动蝶阀 4~7 效中间水泵 00GCF21AP001 前
17 00GCF21AA002 手动蝶阀 4~7 效中间水泵 00GCF21AP001 后
18 00GCF21AA003 衬里止回阀 4~7 效中间水泵 00GCF21AP001 后
22 00GCF21AA007 手动蝶阀第 7 效蒸发器进料管路
32 00GCF21AA017 手动蝶阀海水进料总管路
36 00GCK21AA012 手动蝶阀产品水换热器前海水进口管路
20
37 00GCK21AA014 手动蝶阀产品水换热器后海水出口管路
38 00GCK21AA013 手动蝶阀产品水换热器后海水排放管路
39 00GCK11AA010 手动蝶阀冷凝水换热器前海水进口管路
40 00GCK11AA012 手动蝶阀冷凝水换热器前海水出口管路
41 00GCK11AA011 手动蝶阀冷凝水换热器前海水排放管路
42 00GCF11AA006 手动蝶阀真空冷却水进料管路
43 00GCF11AA009 截止阀三级真空泵冷却用水管路 1
46 00GCK11AA001 气动开关蝶阀冷凝水泵前管路
47 00GCK11AA002 手动蝶阀冷凝水泵 00GCK11AP001 前管路
48 00GCK11AA003 手动蝶阀冷凝水泵 00GCK11AP001 后管路
49 00GCK11AA004 衬里止回阀冷凝水泵 00GCK11AP001 后管路
50 00GCK11AA005 手动蝶阀冷凝水泵 00GCK11AP002 前管路
51 00GCK11AA006 手动蝶阀冷凝水泵 00GCK11AP002 后管路
52 00GCK11AA007 衬里止回阀冷凝水泵 00GCK11AP002 后管路
53 00GCK11AA008 手动蝶阀冷凝水换热器前冷凝水进口管路
54 00GCK11AA009 手动蝶阀冷凝水换热器后冷凝水出口管路
55 00GCF11AA019 球阀消除过热泵 00GCF11AP001 前管路
56 00GCF11AA020 衬里止回阀消除过热泵 00GCF11AP001 后管路
57 00GCF11AA021 球阀消除过热泵 00GCF11AP001 后管路
58 00GCF11AA022 球阀消除过热泵 00GCF11AP002 前管路
59 00GCF11AA023 衬里止回阀消除过热泵 00GCF11AP002 后管路
60 00GCF11AA024 球阀消除过热泵 00GCF11AP002 后管路
61 00GCF11AA025 气动开关蝶阀消除过热泵后管路
62 00GCK21AA001 气动开关蝶阀产品水泵前管路
63 00GCK21AA002 手动蝶阀产品水泵 00GCK21AP001 前管路
64 00GCK21AA003 手动蝶阀产品水泵 00GCK21AP001 后出口管路
65 00GCK21AA004 衬里止回阀产品水泵 00GCK21AP001 后出口管路
21
66 00GCK21AA005 手动蝶阀产品水泵 00GCK21AP002 前管路
67 00GCK21AA006 手动蝶阀产品水泵 00GCK21AP002 后出口管路
68 00GCK21AA007 衬里止回阀产品水泵 00GCK21AP002 后出口管路
69 00GCK21AA008 手动蝶阀产品水换热器前产品水入口管路
70 00GCK21AA009 手动蝶阀产品水换热器前产品水出口管路
71 00GCK21AA010 气动开关蝶阀合格水输送管路
72 00GCK21AA011 气动开关蝶阀不合格水排放管路
73 00GCF41AA001 气动开关蝶阀浓海水泵前管路
74 00GCF41AA002 手动蝶阀浓海水泵 00GCF41AP001 前管路
75 00GCF41AA003 手动蝶阀浓海水泵 00GCF41AP001 后管路
76 00GCF41AA004 衬里止回阀浓海水泵 00GCF41AP001 后管路
77 00GCF41AA005 手动蝶阀浓海水泵 00GCF41AP002 前管路
78 00GCF41AA006 手动蝶阀浓海水泵 00GCF41AP002 后管路
79 00GCF41AA007 衬里止回阀浓海水泵 00GCF41AP002 后管路
80 00GCF41AA008 手动蝶阀浓海水排放管路
81 00GCF41AA009 手动蝶阀浓海水回流管路
82 00GCF11AA010 电动阀主厂房蒸汽母管 1
83 00GCF11AA014 气动开关阀启动抽真空蒸汽管路
84 00GCF11AA101 气动开关阀三级喷射蒸汽总管路
85 00GCF11AA011 截止阀三级喷射蒸汽管路 1
88 00GCF11AA026 截止阀第 1 效蒸发器抽真空管路
22
95 00GCF11AA033 截止阀冷凝器抽真空管路
96 00GCF11AA034 截止阀冷凝器淡水箱抽真空管路
97 00GCF11AA035 气动开关阀启动抽真空管路
98 00GCF11AA037 气动开关阀三级抽真空管路
99 00GCF11AA036 气动开关阀启动抽真空管路
100 00GCP11AA002 手动蝶阀清洗卸液泵前管路
101 00GCP21AA002 手动蝶阀清洗泵前管路
102 00GCP11AA003 手动蝶阀清洗泵后管路
103 00GCP11AA004 衬里止回阀清洗泵后管路
注：设备详细使用说明见附件 1
23
3 过程回路
24
2×3000 吨/天低温多效海水淡化装置整个淡化过程主要由以下
六个系统组成：
7) 进料水系统；
8) 产品水系统；
9) 浓盐水系统；
10) 抽真空系统；
11) 蒸气系统；
12) 辅助系统。
为了更好的理解系统的流动，各种流动回路中的管线通常按如下
的色标涂色。
7) 进料水系统：绿色
8) 浓盐水系统：黄色
9) 产品水系统：蓝色
10) 抽真空系统：红色
11) 蒸汽系统：银灰色
12) 辅助系统：棕色
3.1 工艺过程
3.1.1 进料水系统
海水淡化装置的海水来源于预处理系统产水，分为两路供应：
25
3) 一路作为原料水，经由冷凝器进料海水气动开关阀
（00GCF11AA003）
，送入海水淡化装置的冷凝器（00GCF21AA708）
中。为防止异物堵塞冷凝器喷头，在进料海水管路上安装有过滤器
（00GCF11AT001）。在冷凝器中海水被预热、脱气后，部分海水作
为4～7效蒸发器（00GCF21AA704～7）蒸馏过程的进料海水，加入
3ppm的阻垢剂后经4～7效中间水泵（00GCF21AP001/ AP002）进
入4、5、6、7效蒸发器中。4～7效蒸发器喷淋的海水吸收管内蒸汽
冷凝的潜热而蒸发产生二次蒸汽，剩余料液由1～3效中间水泵
（ 00GCF21AP003/ AP004 ）输送到 1~3 效蒸发器
（00GCF21AA701～3）中，作为1～3效蒸发器蒸馏过程的进料海水。
为保持冷凝器海水液位平衡，其余部分原料海水经1#/2#冷却水泵
（00GCF51AP001/AP002/ AP003）排放。
冷凝器进料海水管路设置冷凝器进料海水流量
（00GCF11CF005）、冷凝器进料海水温度（00GCF11CT005）、冷
凝器进料海水电导（ 00GCF11CQ201 ）、冷凝器进料海水压力
（ 00GCF11CP207 ）。冷凝器设置冷凝器海水液位
（00GCF21CL108），第 7 效蒸发器设置 7 效蒸发器海水液位
。4~7 效蒸发器的海水进口母管设置 4～7 效进

（00GCF21CL107）
口压力（00GCF21CP010）、4～7 效进口温度（00GCF21CT016）
、
各分支管路分别设置 4～7 效进口流量（00GCF21CF004～007）。
1~3 效蒸发器的海水进口母管设置 1 ～ 3 效进口压力
（00GCF21CP011）、1～3 效进口温度（00GCF21CT017）、1～3
26
，各分支管路分别设置 1～3 效进口

效进口电导（00GCF21CQ201）
流量（00GCF21CF001～003）。同时各分支管路流量可通过对应支
路上的手动阀门来调节。通过流量或压力的异常变化判断喷头出现堵
塞现象。
4) 另一路作为冷却用水，分别送入三级蒸汽喷射真空泵
（00GCF11BN003）、产品水换热器（00GCK21AC001）及冷凝水
换热器（00GCK11AC001）中。其中向三级蒸汽喷射真空泵供料的
冷却海水，通过进料管线经由阀门供向真空泵的冷凝器，将过热蒸汽
冷却，冷却后的海水流到真空冷却水池（00GCK11BB001）排放。
经产品水换热器及冷凝水换热器的冷却海水，直接排放。
冷却水进料管路设置冷却水进料流量（00GCF11CF004）
，三级
蒸汽喷射真空泵冷却海水管路设置三级蒸汽喷射真空泵海水流量
（00GCF11CF003）
。
3.1.2 产品水系统
产品水系统分为首效冷凝水和淡水两部分：
3) 首效蒸发器的冷凝水自蒸发器淡水箱进入冷凝水平衡箱
（00GCF31AT001）
，不与其余各效的冷凝水混合，单独由冷凝水泵
（00GCK11AP001/ AP002）经冷凝水换热器（00GCK11AC001），
输送回电厂水化学系统。其中部分冷凝水（经冷凝水换热器后）作为
消除蒸汽过热用水，经由消除过热泵（00GCF11AP001/ AP002）和
27
消除过热气动开关阀（ 00GCF11AA025 ）输送至加蒸气喷射泵
（00GCF11BN001）出口管路。
冷凝水平衡箱进口管路设置首效冷凝水温度
（ 00GCF31CT001 ），平衡箱设置冷凝水平衡箱液位
（00GCF31CL001）
，冷凝水输送管路设置冷凝水换热器冷凝水进口
流量（ 00GCK11CF001 ）、温度（ 00GCK11CT001 ）、压力
（00GCK11CP103）
、电导（00GCF21CQ002）
。
4) 第2效蒸发器冷凝管内冷凝下来的产品水首先自流到蒸发器淡水
箱中，然后通过淡水出口进入淡水闪蒸罐（00GCF31AT002）
。在淡
水闪蒸罐（00GCF31AT002）中部分产品水闪蒸成蒸汽进入蒸发器，
剩余产品水与来自第3效的产品水汇合后进入下一效淡水闪蒸罐，其
余各效依次重复上述过程。这样，各效的产品水依次由高温效向低温
效的闪蒸罐流动，全部的产品水汇集到淡水平衡箱
（00GCF31AT008），经过淡水平衡箱开关阀（00GCK21AA001），
由淡水泵（ 00GCK21AP001/ AP002 ）抽出送至产品水换热器
（00GCK21AC001）
。换热后的淡水出口管路分为两路：一路为合格
产品水，经合格水气动开关阀（00GCK21AA010）输送至产品水管；
另一路为不合格水，通过不合格水气动开关阀（00GCK21AA011）
排放。两路阀门通过判断淡水电导（00GCK21CQ001）是否合格，
实现切换。
2~7 效淡水管路分别设置在线电导（00GCF31CQ201~206），
用于判断各效产品水的水质。淡水平衡箱（00GCF31AT008）设置
28
液位（00GCF31CL202）
，用于监测水位和控制淡水泵。淡水平衡箱
出口管路设置温度（00GCK21CT0301），经换热器后产品水输送管
路设置温度（00GCK21CT002）、压力（00GCK21CP201）、流量
（00GCK21CF201）
。
3.1.3 浓盐水系统
进入 4~7 效蒸发器的海水通过喷淋系统喷洒到冷凝管的外表面，
部分海水蒸发形成二次蒸气，其余部分作为 1~3 效蒸发器原料水，
进入 1~3 效蒸发器进行最后一次蒸发。1~2 效剩余的浓盐水进行效间
闪蒸，第 3 效浓盐水进入浓水闪蒸罐（00GCF41AT001）
。在 1#闪蒸
罐（00GCF41AT001）中闪蒸出的二次蒸汽进入第 4 效蒸发器，排
出的浓盐水进入 2#闪蒸罐（00GCF41AT002）
，在 2#闪蒸罐中闪蒸
出的二次蒸汽进入第 5 效蒸发器，排出的浓盐水进入 3#闪蒸罐
（00GCF41AT003），之后浓盐水依次进行，最后到达浓水平衡箱
（00GCF41AT005），经过浓水平衡箱开关阀（00GCF41AA001），
由浓盐水泵（00GCF41AP001/ AP001）向外排放。
1~7 效的浓盐水管路分别设置温度（00GCF21CT009~ 015）

。
浓水平衡箱设置液位（00GCF41CL001）
，用于监测水位和控制浓水
泵。浓盐水排放管路设置温度（ 00GCF41CT004 ）、压力
（ 00GCF41CP201 ）及流量（ 00GCF41CF001 ）以及电导
（00GCF41CQ001）
。
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3.1.4 抽真空系统
本装置为负压操作，通过三级蒸汽喷射真空泵
（00GCF11BN003）将装置内不凝气抽出排入大气，建立和保持系
统的真空度。不凝性气体从 1~7 效蒸发器和冷凝器淡水箱中抽取，
同时在冷凝器的筒体内也抽取真空。每一路的抽真空管路上安装有截
止阀门，用于调节各效的真空度。故障情况下，系统真空度的保持由
三级抽真空气动开关阀（00GCF11AA037）控制。
为保证在规定时间内达到系统运行要求的真空度，本装置设置 1
台启动蒸气喷射真空泵（00GCF11BN002）和快速抽真空气动开关
阀（00GCF11AA036）
，系统正常运行时该装置停止工作，关闭启动
抽真空气动开关阀（ 00GCF11AA036 ）、抽真空蒸汽开关阀
（00GCF11AA014）快速抽真空气动开关阀（00GCF11AA035）。
1~7 效蒸发器和冷凝器筒体分别设置真空度
（00GCF21CP001~007）和温度（00GCF21CT001~007）
。三级抽
真空管路设置真空度（00GCF11CP206）
、启动抽真空管路设置真空
度（00GCF11CP205）
、冷凝器淡水箱设置真空度（00GCF11CP204）
。
3.1.5 蒸汽系统
本装置过热蒸气来源来自主厂房辅助蒸气母管。过热蒸气进入系
统蒸汽管路后分为 2 路：
3) 一路经过过热蒸汽启动调节阀（00GCF11AA101）
，进入蒸汽热压
缩装置（00GCF11BN001），作为生产用。同时，蒸汽热压缩装置抽
30
取冷凝器内部分二次蒸汽，用于提高其温度、压力。加热蒸汽进入第
1效蒸发器时的温度约为150℃，因此在进入首效蒸发器前加入淡水，
将过热蒸汽减温至设定温度。
过热蒸气管路设置压力（ 00GCF11CP201 ）、温度
（00GCF11CT001）、流量（00GCF11CF001）；减压后蒸汽管路设
置压力（00GCF11CP202）、温度（00GCF11CT002）；蒸汽热压缩
；第 1 效蒸发器筒体设置
装置出口管路设置温度（00GCF11CT003）
压力（00GCF11CP003）
、温度（00GCF11CT004）
。
4) 另一路分别给启动蒸气喷射真空泵和三级蒸气喷射真空泵供汽，
保证抽真空装置的正常运行，其中启动抽真空装置的运行与退出由蒸
汽进口开关阀（00GCF11AA014）控制。
抽真空蒸气管路设置流量（00GCF11CF202）。
3.1.6 辅助系统
3) 加药系统
c) 还原剂加药
还原剂加入装置由还原剂卸液泵 00GCN11AP001，1#/2#还原剂
计量泵 00GCN21AP001/AP002 和相关管路组成。计量泵将还原剂
加入到海水进料泵前的原料海水中。
d) 阻垢剂加药
阻垢剂加入装置由 1#/2# 阻垢剂计量泵
（00GCN31AP001/AP002），储罐（00GCN31BB001）和相关管路
31
组成。计量泵将阻垢剂加入到从冷凝器出来进入蒸发器的原料海水
中，以减少或避免海水蒸发时传热管的结垢。
4) 清洗系统
为清除传热管的污垢，每套蒸发器设有一套酸洗系统。清洗装置
由清洗药搅拌箱（00GCP11BB001），清洗箱（00GCP21BB001），
清洗卸液泵（00GCP11AP001），清洗泵（00GCP21AP001）和清
洗管路组成。清洗时该系统与各效的给水管路配合使用。清洗泵可以
将清洗箱中的清洗液分别打入各效及冷凝器中，对各效进行清洗。清
洗环路的选择通过管路阀门调节控制。
3.2 过程控制系统
低温多效海水淡化装置的过程控制系统采用单元配置，每单元各
配置一套以微处理器为基础的双机热备的可编程序控制器（PLC）+
上位机方式，完成状态监控、参数采集、顺序控制、回路控制等功能，
并通过双向冗余以太网交换机与集中控制室全厂辅助车间控制系统
连接，实现自动运行、无人值守。具体见《控制系统说明书》。
低温多效海水淡化装置过程控制设计和操作相对简单，其控制基
础是维持进到蒸发器装置中的料液及蒸汽保持物料平衡：
3) 通过预设设计值，闭环PID调节变频器转速，从而使海水进料、
浓盐水、冷却水、产品水等工艺过程的维持平衡条件。
4) 通过预设设计值，闭环PID调节气动开关阀的开度，从而使淡水
产量维持平衡条件。
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低温多效海水淡化装置的正常运行过程控制共计 11 个闭环 PID
调节回路，具体如下：
11) 进料海水流量通过调节海水进料泵的转速进行维持平衡；
12) 冷凝水平衡箱液位通过调节冷凝水泵（ 00GCK11AP001/
AP002）的转速维持其正常液位；
13) 浓盐水平衡箱液位通过调节浓盐水泵（ 00GCF41AP001/
14) 产品水平衡箱液位通过调节淡水泵（ 00GCK21AP001/
15) 冷凝器液位通过调节冷却水泵（00GCF51AP001/ AP002/
16) 第 7 效蒸发器液位通过调节 4 ～ 7 效中间水泵
（00GCF21AP001/ AP002）的转速维持其正常液位；
17) 三级抽真空冷却水流量通过调节进料泵的转速维持其正常流
量；
18) 首效进料蒸气温度通过调节消除过热泵（00GCF11AP001/
AP002）的转速维持其正常温度；
19) 1～3效蒸发器喷淋量通过1～3效中间水泵（00GCF21AP003/
AP004）的转速维持其正常流量；
20) 进料蒸汽流量通过调节蒸汽气动调节阀（00GCF11AA010）
的开度维持其正常流量；
表 3.1 正常运行过程控制回路
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序号被控对象 KKS 码控制变量
3 冷却水泵 00GCF51AP00 冷凝器液位

1/ AP002/
AP003
4 4～7 效中间水泵 00GCF21AP00 7 效蒸发器液位
1/ AP002
5 1～3 效中间水泵 00GCF21AP00 1～3 效蒸发器喷淋量
3/ AP004
7 冷凝水泵 00GCK11AP00 冷凝水平衡箱液位
1/ AP002
8 消除过热泵 00GCF11AP001 首效蒸发器蒸汽温度
/ AP002
9 淡水泵 00GCK21AP00 淡水水平衡箱液位
1/ AP002
10 浓盐水泵 00GCF41AP00 浓水水平衡箱液位
1/ AP002
11 减压蒸汽气动调节阀 00GCF11AA010 蒸发器蒸汽流量
3.3 电气系统
低温多效海水淡化装置的电气系统采用 380V 低压配电，进线电
源为三相四线制（380VAC、50Hz）。低压变压器、380V 动力中心
（PC）
、电动机控制中心（MCC）成对配置，建立双电源通道。2 台
低压变压器间互为备用，380V 低压厂用电系统中性点采用直接接地
方式。具体见《电气系统说明书》。
低温多效海水淡化装置的电气系统集中在 MCC 柜、变频器柜和
现场操作箱上，基本上由两种回路组成：
3) 主回路（380伏特、50赫兹）
：包括进线电源、动力电源和变频器
设备，为电机驱动设备和附属设备提供动力。
34
4) 控制回路（220伏特、50赫兹）
：保证在所有的操作设备上和条件
下设备的手/自动操作控制。
3.3.1 主回路
在主回路中，动力电源通过进线断路器供向各主要用电点。在主
回路上安装有电流、电压变送器以监视进线电流。
对电机和附属设备的动力供应区域包括电机的空气开关和变频
器回路（无变频器的回路为交流接触器和热继电器）。
3.3.2 电机的控制回路
无变频器的控制回路采用 220V 电源，控制回路电源取自设备本
回路断路器保护下口，并设有远程/就地转换开关和启/停开关。
变频器的控制回路采用 24V 电源，控制回路电源取自变频器内
部 24V 电源，并设有远程/就地开关和升速/减速按钮。
35
4 系统调试规程
36
4.1. 准备
4.1.1操作前的检查
6) 合上装置的主开关和控制开关；
7) 各电动阀门、仪表、连锁控制及保护测试完毕，处于待机状态；
8) 系统的蒸汽、水、电供应已准备就位，符合启动条件；
9) 装置及管路已冲洗干净；
10) 所有连接仪表的阀门全部打开。
4.1.2进料水处理药液的配置
3) 阻垢剂
阻垢剂型号为 Belgard EV2050，为浅黄色聚羧酸类液体,加入量
为 4-5ppm，加入量根据中间水泵流量计进行调节。
阻垢剂为筒装液体，直接放置于加药箱（00GCN31BB001）中，
加药箱箱容积为 1.5m3，可供 1 个月使用量。
4) 还原剂
还原剂为亚硫酸氢钠，由于海水预处理采用冲击式加氯进行消
毒，所以需要在进入蒸发系统前进行还原，加药方式与预处理相同，
为冲击式加入方法，还原剂加入量为 5-6ppm。还原剂溶解箱及加药
箱为容积均为 0.5m3，可使用三天左右。
药液的配制：
37
a.彻底清洗药剂箱，然后加入淡水 400 升；
b.加入 50 公斤亚硫酸氢钠固体；
c.再加入淡水，使其总容积达到 500 升，开启搅拌器搅拌，搅拌
30 分钟后停止。
d.开启还原剂卸液泵 00GCN11AP001，将溶液转移至还原剂加
药箱 00GCN21BB001。
注意：系统启动前应确保加药箱中充有药液，否则会对加药泵造成损
害。
38
4.2启动
系统启动分为两种启动方式，一种是手动启动，一种是自动启动。
4.2.1 手动启动
19) 第一步：检查阀门状态：系统启动前阀门默认状态均为关闭状态，
然后将下列阀门打开。见表4-1 阀门状态表
20) 表4-1 阀门状态表（○表示打开）第二步：启动给水泵，根据流量
计OOGCF11CF005、OOGCF11CF004调节阀门OOGCF11AA002、
OOGCF11AA005、OOGCK21AA012、OOGCK11AA010，使冷却
给水流量达到340m3/h，三级蒸汽喷射真空泵冷却水流量达到100
m3/h，使流量稳定。
21) 第三步：开启启动蒸汽喷射真空泵和三级蒸汽喷射真空泵，打开
阀门OOGCF11AA035、OOGCF11AA037、OOGCF11AA036、
OOGCF11AA014，对蒸发器抽真空。
22) 第四步：当真空度达到0.09MPa时，停止启动蒸汽喷射真空泵，
关闭气动阀门OOGCF11AA014、 OOGCF11AA036、
OOGCF11AA035。
23) 第五步：根据OOGCF11CF005流量计显示将流量调节至
540m3/h。
24) 第六步：在冷凝器液位OOGCF21CL108显示为350mm时,启动
4～7效中间水泵OOGCF21AP001和1/2#冷却水泵
39
OOGCF51AP001/ AP002，根据对应的流量计
OOGCF21CF004-CF007进行流量调节，将中间水泵流量控制在375
m3/h（通过调节相应阀门将OOGCF21CF004-CF007流量控制在93.8
m3/h）
，冷却水流量根据流量计OOGCF51CF001进行调节，调节冷
却水泵排放量为260m3/h左右。
注意：此时控制冷却水泵排放量使冷凝器液位保持平衡，不需要调节
中间水泵流量。
25) 第七步：在7效蒸发器液位OOGCF21CL107显示为300mm时，启
动1～3效中间水泵OOGCF21AP003，根据对应的流量计
OOGCF21CF001- CF003进行流量调节，将流量控制在311m3/h（通
过调节相应手动阀门将OOGCF21CF001- CF003流量控制在
104m3/h）
。
26) 第八步：当液位计OOGCF41CL001显示为300mm时，启动浓盐
水泵OOGCF41AP001，根据流量计OOGCF41CF001调节流量至
250m3/h左右，使OOGCF41CL001液位维持在300mm左右。
27) 第九步：启动消除过热给水泵OOGCF11AP001。
28) 第十步：打开气动调节阀OOGCF11AA101，启动蒸汽热压缩装
置，根据流量计OOGCF11CF001调整流量控制在14.5t/h,同时根据温
度OOGCF11CT004调节水泵流量，将温度控制在71.5度。
29) 第十一步：调节1～3效中间水泵OOGCF21AP003的流量，使浓
水闪蒸罐液位计OOGCF41CL201的保持平衡，直至水泵流量至
311m3/h。
40
注意：若 1～3 效中间水泵达到 311m3/h，浓水闪蒸罐液位还不能平
衡，则减小浓盐水泵流量，使之保持平衡。
30) 第十二步：调节4～7效中间水泵 OOGCF21AP001的流量，使7
效蒸发器液位计OOGCF21CL107保持平衡，直至水泵流量至
375m3/h。
31) 第十三步：调节海水进料泵的流量，使冷凝器液位保持平衡。
注意：在海水进料泵达到设计值后，冷凝器液位保持平衡，由冷却水
排放泵的流量进行调节。
32) 第十四步：当首效平衡罐液位计OOGCF31CL201达到450mm时，
启动首效冷凝水泵OOGCK11AP001，根据液位调节水泵流量，使液
位维持在45cm。
33) 第十五步：当淡水平衡罐的液位计OOGCF31CL202达到350mm
时，启动淡水泵OOGCK21AP001，据液位调节水泵流量，并使液位
维持在35cm。
34) 第十六步：调节OOGCF11AA026-AA034，使各效蒸发器压力值
达到额定值（如表2.1所示）。
35) 第十七步：当淡水泵OOGCK21AP001达到额定流量值125 m3/h
时，将消除过热水阀门切换至淡水管路。
36) 第十八步：将手动模式切换至自动模式运行，启动过程结束。
41
表 4-1 阀门状态表（○表示打开）
阀门位号状态阀门位号状态
00GCF11AA001 ○ 00GCK21AA002 ○
00GCF11AA002 ○ 00GCF41AA003 ○
00GCF11AA003 ○ 00GCK21AA008 ○
00GCF11AA004 ○ 00GCK21AA009 ○
00GCF21AA001 ○ 00GCK11AA001 ○
00GCF21AA002 ○ 00GCK11AA002 ○
00GCF21AA011 ○ 00GCK11AA003 ○
00GCF21AA012 ○ 00GCK11AA008 ○
00GCF21AA007 ○ 00GCK11AA009 ○
00GCF21AA008 ○ 00GCF11AA016 ○
00GCF21AA009 ○ 00GCF11AA017 ○
00GCF21AA010 ○ 00GCF11AA018 ○
00GCF21AA018 ○ 00GCF11AA019 ○
00GCF21AA019 ○ 00GCF11AA021 ○
00GCF21AA020 ○ 00GCF11AA025 ○
00GCF21AA016 ○ 00GCF51AA002 ○
00GCF21AA017 ○ 00GCF51AA003 ○
00GCF21AA018 ○ 00GCF51AA005 ○
42
00GCK21AA003 ○ 00GCF51AA006 ○
00GCF41AA002 ○ 00GCF11AA015 ○
00GCF11AA026 ○ 00GCF11AA030 ○
00GCF11AA027 ○ 00GCF11AA031 ○
00GCF11AA028 ○ 00GCF11AA032 ○
00GCF11AA029 ○ 00GCF11AA033 ○
00GCF11AA034 ○
4.2.2 自动启动
5) 第一步：检查阀门状态（系统启动前阀门默认状态均为关闭状态）。
6) 将下列阀门打开。见表4-2 阀门状态表
7) 第二步：将控制按钮调至自动。
8) 第三步：按下启动按钮，系统开始自动运行。
43
表 4-2 阀门状态表（○表示打开）
阀门位号状态阀门位号状态
00GCF11AA001 ○ 00GCK21AA002 ○
00GCF11AA002 ○ 00GCF41AA003 ○
00GCF11AA003 ○ 00GCK21AA008 ○
00GCF11AA004 ○ 00GCK21AA009 ○
00GCF21AA001 ○ 00GCK11AA001 ○
00GCF21AA002 ○ 00GCK11AA002 ○
00GCF21AA011 ○ 00GCK11AA003 ○
00GCF21AA012 ○ 00GCK11AA008 ○
00GCF21AA007 ○ 00GCK11AA009 ○
00GCF21AA008 ○ 00GCF11AA016 ○
00GCF21AA009 ○ 00GCF11AA017 ○
00GCF21AA010 ○ 00GCF11AA018 ○
00GCF21AA018 ○ 00GCF11AA019 ○
00GCF21AA019 ○ 00GCF11AA021 ○
00GCF21AA020 ○ 00GCF11AA025 ○
00GCF21AA016 ○ 00GCF51AA002 ○
00GCF21AA017 ○ 00GCF51AA003 ○
00GCF21AA018 ○ 00GCF51AA005 ○
44
00GCK21AA003 ○ 00GCF51AA006 ○
00GCF41AA002 ○ 00GCF11AA015 ○
00GCF11AA026 ○ 00GCF11AA030 ○
00GCF11AA027 ○ 00GCF11AA031 ○
00GCF11AA028 ○ 00GCF11AA032 ○
00GCF11AA029 ○ 00GCF11AA033 ○
00GCF11AA034 ○
注意：本操作书名书中，所有操作过程均是以其中一套为例说明。另外一套操作相同，将
其中的 KKS 编码中的末位数字 1 改为 2。
45
4.3停机
停操作分为停机备用，长期停机，紧急停机三种模式。
4.3.1停机备用
停机备用指海水淡化装置停产，但维持装置内的真空状态，适用
于系统的临时停机，在 1 天内将重新开启。
停机步骤如下：
1) 第一步：停蒸汽，。
2) 第二步：关闭蒸汽主管道的气动调节阀；
3) 第三步：关闭抽真空管道上的气动开关阀；
4) 第四步：关闭蒸汽主管道的电动阀；
5) 第五步：停水，水泵停止步骤见下表。
46
表 4-1 相关水泵按照以下方式停水
序号水泵名称停水控制方式
流量切换到 Q1（4～7 效中间水泵-3 的额定流量）
，
1 海水进料泵
10 分钟后（初步定为 10min），停泵。
2 冷却水泵当海水进料泵流量切换到 Q1 时
3 中间水泵（4~7 效）当冷凝器的液位低于设定值
4 中间水泵（1~3 效）当第 7 效的液位低于设定值
5 浓盐水泵当浓水平衡箱的液位低于设定值
6 淡水泵当淡水平衡箱的液位低于设定值
7 冷凝水泵当冷凝水平衡箱的液位低于设定值
8 消除过热给水泵当关闭蒸汽主管道的气动调节阀后
注意：当某台水泵停机后，关闭相应的气动开关阀，当对应水泵
停机后，关闭相应的加药装置。
47
4.3.2长期停机
长期停机是指装置长期停产或大修大修时的停机，不需要维持装
置内的真空状态。
停机步骤如下：
6) 第一步：停蒸汽。
7) 第二步：关闭蒸汽主管道的气动调节阀；
8) 第三步：关闭蒸汽主管道的电动阀；
9) 第四步：打开手动阀门 00GCF11AA038，将装置内的真空破坏；
10) 第五步：停水，水泵停止步骤见下表。
表 4-2 相关水泵按照以下方式停水
序号水泵名称停水控制方式
流量切换到 Q1（4～7 效中间水泵-3 的额定流量）
，
1 海水进料泵
10 分钟后（初步定为 10min），停泵。
2 冷却水泵当海水进料泵流量切换到 Q1 时
3 中间水泵（4~7 效）当冷凝器的液位低于设定值
4 中间水泵（1~3 效）当第 7 效的液位低于设定值
5 浓盐水泵当浓水平衡箱的液位低于设定值
6 淡水泵当淡水平衡箱的液位低于设定值
7 冷凝水泵当冷凝水平衡箱的液位低于设定值
8 消除过热给水泵当关闭蒸汽主管道的气动调节阀后
注意：当某台水泵停机后，关闭相应的气动开关阀，当对应水泵
停机后，关闭相应的加药装置。
48
第六步：排净蒸发器内部剩余海水，用淡水对蒸发器内部进行冲洗。。
4.3.3紧急停机
如遇到紧急情况需要尽快停机，按以下程序操作：
6) 第一步：关闭加热蒸汽及真空泵进气阀；
7) 第二步：关闭控制开关；
8) 第三步：关闭主开关；
9) 第四步：关闭凝结水泵、淡水泵和浓盐水泵的排水阀门；
10) 第五步：关闭海水进料阀门和冷却水排放阀门。
注意：紧急停机时必须严格按照停机步骤先后操作,否则会对设
备造成损害。
49
印度尼西亚 PLTU1 INDRAMAYU 3×330MW 然没电站项目 Diagram (Drawing) 图纸
4.4产量调节
本系统的产量调节主要依靠蒸汽的供给量进行调节，当供应蒸汽
量增加时，淡水产量相应增加；当供应蒸汽量降低时，淡水产量相应
降低。
50

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Indonesia PACITAN 2×315MW Power Plant

ZHONGHE SEAWATER DESALINATION ENGINEERING Co., Ltd.

Indonesia PACITAN 2×315MW Power Plant

File No.: (W1)ZD0030A-16001ATD

ZHONGHE SEAWATER DESALINATION ENGINEERING Co., Ltd.

1 SYSTEM BRIEFING ...................................................................................................................... 2

1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................. 3

2 SYSTEM & EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION .............................................................................. 10

2.1. EVAPORATOR BODY ........................................................................................................... 11

3 PROCESS CIRCUIT ..................................................................................................................... 25

3.1 PROCESS FLOW .................................................................................................................... 26

4 SYSTEM OPERATION REGULATIONS ................................................................................. 36

4.1. PREPARATION ..................................................................................................................... 37

1.1 Project Overview

1.1.1 Cryogenic Multi-effect Seawater Desalination Units

#1 Unit, product No. ZH-MED-001-1

#2 Unit, product No. ZH-MED-001-2

2) Heating steam is from two different sources:

4) Condensate from the 1st effect is returned to the power plant.

5) Acceptable water goes into the product water transfer pipes.

1.1.3 Control System of the Seawater Desalination Units

1.2 Codes and Standards

1.3 Principle of Cryogenic Multi-effect Seawater

Fig. 1-1: MED Process Flow Chart

in the effect of evaporators with highest temperature.

condensed by cooling seawater at the heat exhaust section.

heat is transferred to the main body of the heat recovery effect.

water, free of any contaminant.

brine is drained into sea by concentrated brine pump.

steam injector or mechanic vacuum pump.

The cryogenic multi-effect seawater desalination technology has the following

2) The feed seawater pre-treatment is simple;

3) The system has high operational flexibility;

4) The system consumes less power;

5) The system runs at high thermal efficiency;

6) The system is able to operate safely and reliably.

1.4 Main Technical Data and Features

Ratings of MED equipment:

2) Salt content in product water: 10 mg/L;

4) Qty of units: 2 sets;

5) Total seawater demand per unit: 1000 t/h;

6) Feed seawater quality:

Item No. Designation Unit Data

1 TDS mg/L 35500

3 Suspended matters mg/L ≤10

4 pH value 6.8 ~ 8.8

5 Silt Less than 1 mm

6 Free chlorine mg/L 0.5~1.0

7 Petroleum like matters mg/L ≤1.0

9 H2S mg/L ≤0.1

10 Free oil mg/L ≤1

7) Concentrated brine discharge per unit: 141 t/h;

8) Salt content in concentrated brine each unit: 67000 mg/L;

9) Maximum unit operating temperature: 71.5 °C;

10) Installed capacity: 250 kW.

2 System & Equipment

2.1. Evaporator Body

Fig. 2-1: Evaporator

Fig. 2-2: Condensator

2.1.2 Main Technical Data of Evaporator (Condensator)

Table 2-1: Main Technical Data of Evaporator (Condensator)

8 OOGCF21AA708 Condensator — 598 46.5 - 33

2.2. Auxiliary Devices