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Supply Chain Management: An International Journal

Supply chain controlling: summarizing recent developments in German literature


Stefan A. Seuring
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Research note

Supply chain controlling: summarizing recent


developments in German literature
Stefan A. Seuring
Supply Chain Management Center, Institute for Business Administration, Faculty of Business, Economics and Law,
Carl von Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany

Abstract
Purpose – The intention of the paper is to present recent developments in German-based supply chain-controlling literature (management accounting
Downloaded by The University of British Columbia Library At 21:35 18 February 2016 (PT)

in supply chains) and place them in a context of recent lines of research on supply chain management.
Design/methodology/approach – The approach taken in the paper is a conceptually-based review of related publications.
Findings – The study finds that supply chain controlling has picked up on controlling concepts, i.e. rationality, coordination and information, which are
transferred to the meta-level of a supply chain. This is linked to recent debates in supply chain management literature, which are captured as the
performance frontier of a supply chain, the coordination and integration needs of a supply chain and the information needed to manage and control a
supply chain.
Practical implications – Management accounting instruments need to be applied on a supply chain level more and more.
Originality/value – The paper summarizes research contributions on supply chain controlling published in German and puts them in an international
context.

Keywords Supply chain management, Control systems, Germany, Literature, Performance management

Paper type Research paper

1. Introduction it is evident that most of the papers selected to conduct the


review were not intended to contribute specially to supply
In recent literature, supply chain controlling has gained chain controlling (see the reviews in Göpfert and Neher,
considerable attention. This seems to be a logical 2002, pp. 36-7; Weber, 2002, pp. 190-1).
consequence of the great deal of interest that both Beyond the developments presented so far, the objective of
management control systems or controlling and supply this paper is to transfer controlling-related lines of research to
chain management (SCM) have gained lately, as this would SCM. Therefore, the paper contributes to revealing similar
combine the strength of both approaches. Yet, no single lines of development in different bodies of management
concept or theory exists in either field, and this makes it even literature, which have so far not been linked to one another. A
more difficult to establish a “unified” supply chain control, second intention of the paper is to present the German
even though conceptualizations of supply chain controlling literature-based controlling concepts and recent developments
have been presented in the German literature (see, e.g. Weber in supply chain controlling to an international audience.
(2002), or several papers in Stölzle and Otto(2003)). The paper is organized into three sections. The first section
Much of the literature that can be related to supply chain introduces some basic ideas of management control systems
controlling presents a certain tool, but does not discuss wider or controlling, where three major conceptualizations from
conceptual frameworks. Examples are the integration of SCM German controlling literature will be outlined. The second
with performance management (Van Hoek, 1998; Brewer and section presents three frequently addressed questions within
Speh, 2000; Kummer, 2001; Stölzle et al., 2001; Stölzle, SCM. The third section integrates these themes with one
2002; Weber et al., 2002a; Zimmermann, 2002; Otto and another, allowing the identified objectives and principles of
Kotzab, 2003), or cost management (LaLonde and Pohlen, SCM to be related to the recurring questions on controlling.
1996; Cooper and Slagmulder, 1999; Dekker and Van Goor, Bringing the building blocks together, three possible
2000; Kajüter, 2002; Seuring, 2001a, b, 2002; Weber et al., conceptualizations of supply chain controlling will be
2002b). When looking at reviews on supply chain controlling, outlined, allowing some suggestions for future research in
supply chain controlling.
The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at
www.emeraldinsight.com/1359-8546.htm
2. Basic background on German controlling
concepts
Supply Chain Management: An International Journal The development of management control systems (e.g.
11/1 (2006) 10– 14
q Emerald Group Publishing Limited [ISSN 1359-8546]
Kaplan and Atkinson, 1998; Anthony and Govindarajan,
[DOI 10.1108/13598540610642420] 2000; Merchant and Van der Stede, 2003) or the German

10
Supply chain controlling: summarizing recent developments Supply Chain Management: An International Journal
Stefan A. Seuring Volume 11 · Number 1 · 2006 · 10 –14

concept of controlling (Hahn and Hungenberg, 2001; distribution to managers (Reichmann, 2001; Hahn and
Horváth, 2001; Küpper, 2001; Friedel, 2003) has been Hungenberg, 2001).
subject to much debate on what controlling is and how it can An institutional, functional, and instrumental component is
be defined. Anthony and Govindarajan (2001, p. 6) give the regularly distinguished within such controlling concepts
following definition: (Friedel, 2003, pp. 54-147; Horváth, 2001, pp. 150-2). The
Management control is the process by which managers influence other institutional level specifies who conducts controlling. The
members of the organization to implement the organization’s strategies.
functional level indicates which aims are to be fulfilled
through controlling by applying certain instruments. These
Various conceptualizations can be found, particularly within
three levels can be transferred to a supply chain controlling.
German literature, where several overviews have been
It will be discussed how central issues raised within SCM
presented (e.g. Küpper, 2001; Friedel, 2003; Zenz, 1998;
can be linked to each of these three concepts and the three
Götze, 2003) “A controlling concept is a theoretical outline
components of each controlling concept. This will help
for goal oriented problem solving” (Friedel, 2003, p. 5).
Hence, management control systems do not aim at task establish a basis for supply chain controlling, where in a
control, but at management support in planning, coordinating simplified approach, the unit of analysis is not a single
activities, evaluating information and decision making company but a supply chain. Furthermore, it will allow the
(Anthony and Govindarajan, 2000, p. 6). questions raised before to be taken up.
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Before looking at three controlling concepts in detail, it is


useful to take up criteria that can be applied for systemizing
controlling concepts. Three criteria have been proposed 3. Related developments in SCM
which allow a description of the different approaches (see, in
Much debate has gone on regarding the definition and
different sequence, Friedel (2003, p. 150)):
(1) the specific problem; content of SCM, which has led to the need for future
(2) the direct objectives; and conceptual and theoretical development, as SCM is only
(3) the indirect objectives. partially developed (Croom et al., 2000; Otto and Kotzab,
2001; Mentzer et al., 2001).
These criteria are useful, as they allow a separation of the Here, the definition by Handfield and Nichols (1999, p. 2)
different concepts from each other on a descriptive basis, as a is taken up:
more detailed, theory-driven analysis is beyond the scope of The supply chain encompasses all activities associated with the flow and
this paper. transformation of goods from raw materials stage (extraction), through to the
Three major conceptualizations of controlling which each end user, as well as the associated information flows. Material and
overarch a range of further detailed approaches have been information flow both up and down the supply chain. Supply chain
management (SCM) is the integration of these activities through improved
developed (Friedel (2003, p. 148); for a comprehensive supply chain relationships, to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage.
review see Küpper (2001, pp. 5-29)) (for details see Table I).
The rationality-oriented concept ensures that company These brief reference already allow three issues of SCM to be
management acts in a rational way. This is comprehended as pointed out that require management control systems in the
purpose-oriented rationality, which aims for the efficient and supply chain:
effective operation of all involved actors (Weber, 1998). (1) What is the performance frontier (Schmenner and
The coordination-oriented concept aims to support Swink, 1998) of a supply chain and how is it reached
management in coordinating the primary processes. in a rational manner?
Controlling forms part of a company’s leadership, as the (2) Who manages the supply chain and how is action
company is structured into subsystems which are interlinked coordinated?
by planning and control for optimal performance (Horváth, (3) What information is needed to manage and control the
2001; Küpper, 2001).
supply chain?
The information-oriented concept aims especially at
fulfilling the information needs of managers. This covers the Against this basis, three conceptualizations for supply chain
search for information as well as its reporting, aggregation and controlling can be discussed.

Table I Summary of three major controlling concepts


Controlling concept
Criteria Rationality-oriented Coordination-oriented Information-oriented
Specific problem Ensuring rationality of corporate Assuring and maintaining the ability to Decision-related information provision of
management coordinate and adapt in corporate corporate management
management
Direct controlling Balancing task-related and operating System building and system coupling Implementing of information systems
objective staff-related bottle-necks in co-ordination of planning and control Providing problem-specific information
management rationality as well as providing information
Indirect controlling Objective system of the company Profit (efficiency, short- and long-term Profit and liquidity objectives
objective profit)
Source: Friedel (2003, pp. 152, 161, 177)

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Supply chain controlling: summarizing recent developments Supply Chain Management: An International Journal
Stefan A. Seuring Volume 11 · Number 1 · 2006 · 10 –14

4. Supply chain controlling supply chain and allocation of specific tasks within the supply
chain would fall into this domain (see Seuring (2002, p. 18)
The three questions raised can now be connected to the for one such approach).
controlling concepts introduced above (see Table II). It Within an information-oriented supply chain controlling
should be mentioned that Stölzle (2002, p. 14, b, p. 305) concept, the information needs of all partners would have to
drives at similar theory-driven paths of development for be assessed, allowing an efficient reporting structure to be
supply chain controlling, albeit making a transfer from implemented. Controlling thought would help to assess the
controlling to SCM, which is in the opposite direction. information needs and structure the information provision in
These three topics will be expanded on subsequently to the supply chain beyond the rather technical issues of
establish links between SCM and controlling research (see implementing such a system.
Table III), which can form the basis for the development of From the description given and the (literature-driven)
supply chain controlling concepts (see also Göpfert and analysis presented, it is not possible to favor any of the
Neher, 2002). Before doing this, it is noted that the controlling concepts toward their application in SCM. Future
institutional dimension where the major control of the research would have to find criteria which either allow the
supply chain is carried out is done by a focal company selection of a particular concept or develop such concepts
which governs the supply chain and/or provides the link to the further to integrate fully the specific requirements of
final customer (Schary and Skjøtt-Larsen, 2001, p. 94). managing supply chains.
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Consequently, the further analysis centers on such a focal


company and how it conducts supply chain controlling as a
means of organizing and steering the meta-system supply 5. Conclusion
chain (Otto, 2002a, b). One central conclusion that can be drawn is that supply chain
A rationality-oriented supply chain controlling ensures that controlling mirrors many issues raised in controlling
all actors involved in the supply chain act in a rational way literature. This is no surprise, as the supply chain can be
towards their joint performance objectives. It is therefore comprehended as a meta-system of companies that jointly
closely related to the idea of the performance frontier and operate within a competitive environment. As the discussion
would guide the development of joint performance within this paper emphasizes, the three issues identified, i.e.
measurement and management systems in supply chains. rationality, integration and information in a supply chain,
Such a system would have to allow measurement of both the have close relations to controlling. The close relations
overall supply chain performance achieved as well as the observed might not favor a certain conceptualization to be
performance of the single company in the supply chain applicable in SCM, but rather imply that no single approach
(Stölzle et al., 2001, p. 77; Zimmermann, 2003, p. 99). will solve all problems. Instead, a specific situation will ask for
A coordination-oriented supply chain controlling aims to a specific solution, so the institutional, functional and
support the leadership within the chain. This would be instrumental components of supply chain controlling have
especially directed towards applicability by a focal company in to be designed appropriately. Hayes (2000) remarks for the
a supply chain. Strategic partner selection, design of the field of operations management that continued debate about

Table II Relating supply chain management and controlling concepts


Question raised Controlling concept SCM debate
What is the performance frontier of a supply chain Rationality-oriented Supply chain competitiveness and performance
and how is it reached in a rational manner?
Who manages the supply chain and how is action Coordination-oriented Supply chain integration
coordinated?
What information is needed to manage the Information-oriented Information distortion
supply chain?

Table III Supply chain controlling based on the three controlling concepts
Supply chain controlling concept
Criteria Rationality-oriented Coordination-oriented Information-oriented
Specific problem Ensuring rationality of supply chainAssuring and maintaining the ability to Decision-related information provision
management coordinate and adapt in supply chain of supply chain management
management
Direct controlling objective Balancing task-related and operating System building and system coupling Implementing of supply chain-wide
staff-related bottle-necks in coordination of planning and control as information systems
management rationality well as providing information throughout Providing problem-specific information
the supply chain to all actors in the supply chain
Indirect controlling objective Performance objective system of the Profit (efficiency, short- and long-term Profit and liquidity objectives
supply chain profit)

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Supply chain controlling: summarizing recent developments Supply Chain Management: An International Journal
Stefan A. Seuring Volume 11 · Number 1 · 2006 · 10 –14

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Further reading Corresponding author


Jones, T.C. and Riley, D.W. (1985), “Using inventory for Stefan A. Seuring can be contacted at: stefan.seuring@uni-
competitive advantage through supply chain management”, oldenburg.de

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