(TARGEST CIRCULATION OF ANY AVIATION MAG MAGAZINE AIRTHAILS JUNE 1938 TROPHY WINNING MODELS »* BILL BARNES AIR NOVEL _f“THE PRODUCT OF SKILLED CRAFTSMEN” EVERY ONE A CONTEST WINNER 9) Red and Yellow American Bam- oo paper and Cement, completely formed shock absorbing Landing, Authentic One-Quarter Inch to the Foot Solid Scale Models For single kits add 10c for pack- ing & postage. For 2 or more its add Se for each kit, Per- sonal checks add 10¢. No C.0.D. Seed ee Aadzo to these prices for ship: NOTE. These are actual photographs of models built from AIRCRAFT kits. AIRCRAFT, 4348 NORTH PULASKI ROAD, DEPT. B-6, CHICAGO, ILL.“Tw avi tue years I have known of the Interna- tional Correspondence Schools, I have seldom seen one of your graduates jobless.” A business executive made this statement in a recent letter commenting on the I. C. $. graduates and students in his employ and expressing; regrets that it is necessary to reduce his personnel, “However,” he added, “all T. C. S, graduates and students will be retained, for I realize, through experience, their value in my busine eee CORRESPONDENCE The reason so many I. C, S, men have jobs is because they are trained men! A recent investiga- tion into the working conditions of 1000 I. C. S. students revealed only ten unemployed. You, too, can be an I. C. §, man, Mark the coupon and mail it today! Tt has been the most important act in the lives of thousands of men. It has started them on careers of success It will do the same for you. And if you have been postponing action, act today! SCHOOLS BOX 4936-0, SCRANTON, please send me a copy of your book Without cost or abligatio and full particulars about the subject before whieh I have marked eeewiae Uo rete in Gans, tnd is conpo ihe Intron: Cannan Sea Calin Tend ‘Montreal, Can ECHNIGAL AND INDUSTRIAL --Prevent Postion Please mention AIR TRAILS when answering advertisements,A STREET & SMITH PUBLICATION Volume X___No. 3 June, 1938 Editor CR, Cally Coneatting itor F Oslin Tremaine Associate Biitors Clyde Pangborn fam, Winter Light Plane Fitor ‘re Whitehouse Gliding end Soaring Editor Alexts Dawydolt Model dior Gordon 8. Light Art Editor W. B Lawler Model Board Gordon S. Light Frank Tissley William Winter Now York Iieerding Director CW. Faller Asch, Ado. Director atph Re Whitt Chica Tan & Nodlle OIE N, Micha Ave. Detroit FM. Tubeck THIS Parker Ave. St, Loui Pred Wrieht Company Insurance Exchange Bld San Francisco ‘Don Tiarwsy & Company 183 Moatzomery Ste Single Copy, 15 Conts Yearly Subscription, $1.50 STREET & SMITH PUBLICATIONS, INC. 79 Seventh Avenue Now York, N. Ys AUTHAL ; CONTENTS 2 Articles: Flying Isn't Everything . by Tracy Richardson ‘i exsoldicr of foriuie tecounts is adventures fn eriud explorati Elementary Avigation . by James Smithson are oj ax insructice wn sisal series of articles directed 10 the student of enotion 2 Stories: Pushbutton Pilot. by Lieut, Bill Aldenburg Tugeed induideal bilge his Army werobatic teckntgue to an air tne. Phat hedoes tn wert But read it for yours Bill Barnes Takes A Holiday (Complete Air Novel) by George L. Baton ‘Seemingly alone over the stormtorn Atlantic, Bll fies ts Lancer tnto vidifon of trouble brewed tethout meres for the innocent 9 Feaiures: What's Your Question? °F ange gnoers perl. by a cathary 0 se so a problems. . Conducted by Clyde Panghorn routed Air Progress. mers : fA rund of ewrentctens fo the ein worl. ‘This Winged World rats news in plctures—new planes, deselopmers, Rights, peur Pictorial History of Man in the Air. eet i kaleidoscope of man’s struggle to perfect his wings. Second Annual Light Plane Survey . 0. eat The nat comprckensive analysis of praducis ever ofered to the light plane Cyahasiuahs Plans, pletures, data Cross Winds». rather Uren tecser for the airindeds Light Planes Abroad eae eta Kecping abreust o] light plene decclopniente throughout the eorld— eTfbout the B. A. Swallow. ‘The Air Trails Gallery. =. ss Tiree fall pogrs of photos of modern planes Silver C's é Beate a eee “bent America’s jorenoit suilplone pots. This month it's Stentor ‘Smith 3 Depariments: Light Plane Flying Clubs Conducted by Arch Whitehouse S icunire dopartnent serine us the median thraugh wich the Zaynen tind manuctarer can discus light ple matters. Gliding and Soaring . Conducted by Alexis Dewydoft TE Riilrerig sport. news of whch here presented tn ar upto ‘minute manner by a pio: ete inthe field ‘Phe Air Adventurers Club Conducted by Albert J. Carlson di orgenuio for the. promulgation of exetion. Clio the band 11 Model Building Items: ‘Model Contents are listed on a separate page - 0» + + lane ree tl lial 10 36 30 13 4 23 26 21 89 24 36Tangs Teron a V7 no senty, vores Purere | ion scr wnuen nponreaneo Ras teantrowe |{saron vie sos (couse m mmmnon Sine Ge” MU hea aa HN SRN Mosel waar nave) fo mane woner ns hor|( Yeas Mwai * Your soo, || dae" Rie sieeber ans caeaNe ‘You geen Soive. Umerssnuy euice SRY NORE MODELS? 7 Pook AROUND Winn a WORKING AE TE ‘Aros NW. Lets TAKE KHOR TL, et You unice BINT You, | faving INeTaUETIONS JT A VERY Lon} Ost WINTON “BLL You ALL ABOUT HOW 70 GET INTO AVIATION IN A, FREE BOOK HES PUBLISHED. | Flor Atseaoy: How CoM! a a WHAT A COURSE. HINTON GIVES ME THE DOPE ON Cruanns SILL. nino MOTORS, AR PLANE-DESI6N-AIRPORT MaNAsEMENT--|( Tus siiP \} eemmnur wel ne SNES ME THE GROUND TRANING FoR MORE THAN |) HANDLES. |{ STUFF TM TakiNG FORTY DIFFERENT TYPES OF AVIATION JOBS, AND HE'S eee FLYING LESSONS, HAD MORE THAN EIGHTEEN YEARS EXPERIENCE || Eve. acy NOW. TLL S010 TRAINING MEN FOR AVIATION, I'M GOING ee Ee TO START TRAINING RIGHT NOW. or Tt (GEE --TWiS 15 GREAT. [LL SEND FOR WALTER HINTON BOOk TONIGHT AND LEARN HOW HE TRAINS NEN FoR AVIATION, aan seen eae eee tee Sere a Ue trains you quickly at home in spare time for PUNO EMD au id Many make 140-460-875 a week Es ee eer ML ae You Have Many Types of Jobs to Choose From His) Aviation is Seswing Fast (© Previous Experience Needed ACCEPTED FoR ROYAL, CANADIAN ERNMENE EXAMINATION ‘AIR FORCE RECOMMENDS COURSE TO ALL i oiteacames rit cone) 1 t t ese neti of nolan al I 1 1 Please mention AIR TRAILS when anéwering advertisements,| By GLYDE Whats Your Question? PANGBOAN Wing Commander ‘As soon as possible after being received, all questions will be answered. Those of general interest will appear on this pages others will be answered by mail. Enclose a_stamped, self addressed envelope to insure answering. Question: To the German D.O, X, stil im serviee? ville, N.C. Answer: No, the D. 0. X. is ‘any snore, Tt is in a museum in plane | Reid G Question: What are the chances of an cirplane instrument inspector and tnaindenaice man of getting a job? How fare they selected and shat is their eal- ary J. F. An, Waitaburg, Wash. Answer: Tt should not be hard for gn airplane instrument. inspector and maintenance san to obtain a job sith any of the big aineraft factories like Boring in Seattle, Wash, He should wurite to the factory stating his educ ion, experience whether he is citizen of the United States. ‘They. in tua, will either aak him to come over, ‘An interesting close-up of the Waco N, shewing the flaps both upper ond lower wings ond the novel three-whesled lending geor inagmch as a number of factories give tests before they: hire a man, or will send him an application to fill out. Question: Did Major AU Withiams + have @ Curtive Gulfiawk, and if 0, when? Where can I get in touch vith Howard Hughes? HH. MeC., Reston, N. B., Canada. Ansyer: Major AI Willin did have a Curtiss Gulfhawk two years ago. Howard Hughes is very hard to get in touch with becanse he is always travel- T ihink you can reach him at the Grand Ceuteal Air Terminal, Glendale, Cal. Question: Which country hos the fest ext ecaplane in the world and what ix its speed? What és the fastest landplane, iad its speed? I, Ma, Nosfotk, Virginia Answer: 1 ane in the svorld is also the fastest airplane—in fact, is the fastest vehicle of any Kind in wan has ever ridden. Its the fi MC-72, a _twin-loat powered by two Fiat ASO Tiquid-eooled inline tandem and producing 2800 hyp, wh avon the veorkd speed record for Thaly in 1934 by traveling over a S-kilometer ‘course (1.86 miles) al the rate of 11067 mph. ‘The fastest landplane is the schmidt, with Daimler-Benz engine, with hie a pilot named Wurster von 2 new record last November for Germans, of 870.16 mph, For over two years the United Stites iad held the landplane record at 952,46 m.p.ha set by Howard Hughes in his ‘Twin-WaspJr-powere ai iy meant by a thre Question: TW bank or four-bank Where can T get a fair amount of ger- eral flying information ot a reasonable con? D. V., Menasha, Wisconsin Answer: ‘The word “bank” is commonly used nowadays in designating twochanke” oF double-row radial engin those in which there Js a second circle fof eyliuders set behind the first. Tn this ase, therefore, the intended meaning of iree-hank and foursbanks sould be clear But as a matter of fact I know of no ‘There have been rumo engine? most such engines three-h: lem of a thnve- or four b five plenty: of trouble, in fo anyboily whe attempted it Maybe you have head these tems rieed. in referring to inTine engines, in which straight rows of cylinders are set yp along the crankshaft, There ean be several of these rows azranged al dif- fereat angles. ‘They were more common Jn the past, when all Kinds of arran; 's were tried such as the three-ba W or “broad-arrow” and the four-bank X arrangements, than they are today. (urn 10 page 93) ata eee el aahAbove: Advanced student doingvingrepair. #. It is that reputation, acknowledged throughout the aviation industry, that makes Roosevelt grad- uates acceptable for employment by aircraft builders, engine manufacturers, airline op- erators, airports, repair depots and private plane owners, Roosevelt Aviation School has heen building and safeguarding its reputation for more than ten years, During that time it has won the confidence of the industry because of its methods, its sin- cerity of purpose, the thoroughness of its train- ing and the ability of its instructors, ROOSEVELT AVIATION SCHOOL—At Roos Without obligating me, send det CO MASTEN AinPcan acuaNte ...A Reputarion For Tuornouer IGN AND MAIL COUPON TODAY 5 ROOSEVELT AVIATION SCHOOL HAS... f TRAININ So it doesn’t matter which course of training you take at Roosevelt, you get thorough training. You are fitted for the work you want to do, You leave this school with confidence in your ability to handle your job, That confidence is invaluable to your future. With it, you can win success, Without it, you face failure. The reputation of this school and its standing in the industry are important to you. Consider them before yon choose any school, and the chances are that you'll choose Roosevelt—the olidest Government approved school in the East. lt Ficld, Mineola, Long Island, N. ¥, of course cheeked: ( MASTEK AIRDLANE AND ENGINE smctAsie 1 AINGHAF? DESIGN AND coxsrRUcHION © conrenctan v1 AgeA SUMMARY OF AVIATION NEWS The four-engined era has arrived, Representative of German cont progress TRANSPORT Figores on conmercial airline business for the year ‘of 1936 are finally reaching the adding-up point, and operators all over the country are at last realizing the fexient of the growth of their business. For instance, 491744000 passenger-miles were flown by American iners that year, showing. an increase of 150 per cent ver 1933. ‘This total was more than twice that of the combined passenger mileage of the seventeen European countries on which statistics are available. | Germany Stood second to the United States with 7,744,000 pas- cenger-miles which: was an increase of 221 per cent over the 1933 figure During 1937 the number of airplanes manufactured i the United States increased 25 per cent over the previous year, ‘There were 3,773 planes built last year, and 2,289 were for domestic civil use, 858 were for delivery to mnilitary establishments, and 626 for export, Other figures on the 1937 production provide some interesting facts, ‘There were ten lighter-than-air eraft built that year, and thirty-one gliders. One concern which produced but two planes in 1936 produced 428 in 1937. Another increased its production of 171 in 1936 to 302 in 1937. One hundred companies or individuals were engaged in manufacturing airplanes for domestic Civil use, sixteen companies produced fourteen or more the four-motored Focke-Wulf "Condor," ‘on exceptionally beautiful machine, = planes each, or 76 per cent of the total, and four com- panies made paris for nineteen aixplanes. Preparations have recenily been started by a newly formed Japanese company to operate the air serviee over the Shanghai-Haichow-Tientsin-Pekin route, which was formerly served by the China National Aviation Corpora- tion, @ Chinese-American company, ‘The route will entually he extended to Tokyo, F ‘France has just taken delivery on the new Ai Cowirine: airliner which has a cruising speed of 208 mp. ‘on 74 per cent of power. The ship uses two Hispanc- Suiza 9V engines rated at 650 hyp. eae South African Airways has just ordered two more Junkers of the Grosser Dessauer type. “The popularity of the American Link Trainer abroad ‘can be understood when ft is reported that no less than twenty-six are in regular use in Great Britain number have been purchased by the Air Ministry. We learn from good authority that the new German zeppelin which miay go into service this summer on trans- atlantic passenger trips may be named the America. ‘The only obstacle in the way at present appears to. be or the Tew whe: tonic Trans-Canada Air L heed 14H monoplan jer America shall be spelled with. es have ordered which have an it ae atCALIFORNIA FLYERS IN THE AVIATION CENTER OF THE WORLD LEARN AND EARN IN LOS ANGELES es obvious, isn't ir, thac Los Angeles is the best place to learn and earn—for here ‘more planes are manufactured than in any other place in the world—here mote planes are flying —and here the planes of tomorrow are planned, buile and tested. Here in the world’s aviation center, California Flyers is the foremost Flying and Mechanical School. Consider the outstanding advantages oflered, Lowersenst traine ing: strategic location, finer equipment and more thorough, all aronud training. typ ratte aan Decide today to get the California Flyer’ plan for your sete iw otcon, ae Pye CV tnd yn 1 tbe Usted See Repeuing omen tof the many wared Motion Wirt utar Bren Aburne and Bs lie. tmuremen eeniceasadeut et vert Prove ene es Hes Glfpm te wire modern Me ne anf tbe maar bss dete eben tn ot work br a nimi Mac ar hatte ctr ger Jett atte Tee gr ey alert tn Beata teat Bly te de ena Fg he E ‘inet rm - acherd the Glens of tomerron are tested, One of he Galioral Eyes moder firera0fhensars. Al sorshot a tate aed anc ee atone aed ade ee hay i; ~ SEND FOR THESE TWO CATALOGS TODAY... AVIATION SUCCESS STORIES. of California Flyers graduates, who are making big money today, start by sending for out etalon Don't wait 0. Ret this story OF opportunity for you Sent the oupon ody and lean aboue the outstanding succes and pid advancement of California Flyers graduates, and learn how you {oo can be successal with Callfonia Flyets practical tesaing Please mention AIR TRAILS when answering advertisements,PRECISION in formation flying is the stamp ef Navy aviation. These cightoen Curliss BF2C-1 bomber-fighters aro based on o carrier. 1 being builtin Washington, the hands of ¢ noviee. ed during flight, but rotates like curogyto vanes when landing. LEFT—A i Howkor H i of which averaged 4 mph on 2 400-mile night Hight on instruments. Same tip was flown in formation at a 300 average! Abovo—S} helmet ond mouthpiece thet enable the lecder of the squadron to issus dt to eachgient Martin flying boat. This interesting close-up contrasts the ‘mammoth bulk of the machine with the dwarfed ground crow. The ship was disassembled and crated at Floyd Bennett Field for shioment to Russia, Bolow—The special 6,000-pound beaching gear cost $1 a pound to build SCOUT-BOMBERS from the carrier "Ene terprise" flying in close formation. The ships ore SBC-3s, many of which havo been built by Curtiss for the Navy FRENCH airliner of high performance fs to be putin sory- ico by Air France on their Pari-Far East run. The large ““E" painted on the top ofthe fusclage leads to the specu- lation that the French fear mistaken identity on the port of fighting planes operating on wartime basis.eS ae ee ee Top: Footprints on the sonds of time, The crescentric dunos of Peru, blown by the Trade Winds, advance 60 lee! @ year. Right—Two volea- noes, sven from a plane flying 1923 T was in charge of a party thn spent ~ Several years later, in four days of perfect fying ViENt hronthe exploring and mapping the Department weather, T photograplied most of that country fom 2s cee cen the eprthermost state of (ie republic of aplane amd found out things about it that no journey Gucternte, Que mules stuck inthe rwud and died. Their of Jand would ever reveal, T located lakes with the seria! Fair se from ores caused by beef wortns. Much of camera tat even tlie native Indias professed 19 new'r the time we were without even the luxury of tobacco, faving seen or heard of, With the mosaic map ve mats, in thove ware sever any fast days for the mosquitoes of we definitely established the location of anticline: thet teks they were with a always, For the most part we offered good possibilities for oil, Antilines ytich all Hendon ced beans, rice and freshmeat, and as a rule it our research on laid lad never positively defined. ‘We did che job but Hidden aid looking lilke draped scarecrow mne out ferer- am what is Inown—for want of 2 better name—as Us really a composite sort ofBy ‘the airplane, man has been en- abled to penetrate the uncharted regions of the earth, In this absorb- ing tale of adventure the success of aerial exploration is shown to be dependent on more than a dashing pilot. The ruins of Chan-Chan, the capital of the king dom of the Great Chimy whem the Incas con- quered prior to the Spanish Conquest. The ruins, occupy- ing eleven squore miles, con only be mapped from the ait. job. First of all you must have the instinets of a pros pecior who has the faith to dig down under moss and leaves to locate a hidden vein of ore whose location has been revealed by a Iong-hidden map stored away in the family trunk in the attic. Then you've got to be a good, hunter to keep the camp supplied with fresh meat, You have to know how to cruise a timber tract, and be engi- heer enough to Figure out the transportation problems, a5 well as a good enough cartographer to map accurately the comitry you explore, locating rivers and trails, moun- tains, valleys and the like. ‘Then you've got to be a darned good photographer, for you have to record everything you see on films for permanent record, and it’s no amateur’s job developing films out inthe jungle where the husnidity will spoil then within twenty-four honrs and the water yon use to dis- solve the chemicals is often eighty degrees warm and probably full of mad and wiggletails, ‘That's: my job. I'm not bragging, just explaining, ‘There are a thousand and one other things yon should Anos, such as how to throw a diamond hitch to boll a pack on a half-pint-sized mule, and how to administer any kind of first aid, T've followed faint trails shrough tropical jungles to check the standing timber, much of it pretious hurdoods that sell in this country by the pound. I've traveled the dlugontt canoes, as long as eighty fect, chopped or burned out of a single giant tree, checking the ama of gold to be fond in the sand and gravel bars. Today it is possible to cover, and map accurately, amore tertitory in a single day: with an airplane and a4 aerial camera than could be explored and mapped by old time methods in months, Aerial photography doce not dlo away with ground work in all cases, but i certainly simplifies it. Study of an aerial map will show the most feasible route to go to any given point, locate rivers, Jakes and trails, show the nature of the country covered, ‘eight of the timber and mountains; and in some cases where there is not too much timber, a fair knowledge of the country’s geology can be determined, ‘This develop- ‘ment of aerial plotography has not all come about in a day. ‘The World War was responsible for the first growing pains of aerial photography. At the beginning of the conflice cameras were used t0 photograph enemy po tions. By making frequent cheek they could tell where the enemy lad opened up new trenches, if supplies were licing concentrated at any. specific point, indicating a drive, To a certain extent they were valuable in locating aitillery positions The cameras used were for the most part ordinary: fonr-by-five plate cameras dressed up in a box so. the wind would not blow in the bellows and eu off the view. In a regular photographic ship they were fitted to shoot through the bottom of the fuselage, but on the fast—as war-time speed was counted—scout planes, they were : 3 jLeft: Army Ko7.A. somi automatic camera for military reconnclsscnce, Designed for high clt gives wide cover- cage. Film 9x18" lens 24". ight: Fairchild record- ing camera: weight 35 pounds, 81/4” lens, 737” exposure. Works ovto- matic from oblique po: tion. ned to the outside of the fuselage. Many cotmbat Some of them are so leige that planes ate actually Duit tlt developed their acrobatic skill throng changing around them. “Their lenses. ate. 69.6 verful they can rit te see amerne, Tl iad to be done blind, with make distinet photographs from as high as it is pes ne hand, against a hurricanelike blast of wind, ile for the pline to fly. Tn theory at least they will Ty ihe end of the war automatic cameras Imad been make pi object two hundred and ped. Cameras that used Jarge rolls of film, actu- away. springs wound like a clock and timed to ph iy goll he film and make a ew exposure every so raphy as been in the developinent of specie) ens ‘any seconds, ‘The mechanism of these tomatic can int, sensitive film that permits the use of col ras was set 10 correlate the height of the plane from the on the lens, With these ealor seseens the lens snd and its ground spect penetrate the bite hazed fog tat ofttines hides the itis cince the World War that the greatest prog- earth from the high-flying cas toe The greatest advance in recent years iit ae wt ship. Some of these tec hs boon made in geri photograpliy, In Enrope neiy cameras Teve five of even ien separate [ests Sy they have developed a camera so cinvonized to register one image on the fib, ‘These raul aoe re ot a noming pigeon and automatically make tple-ons cameras register an iniage which, when evs wectines as the bird files over eneiny territory towatd its through special glasses, show vome ete. ‘There are giant caneras that lave been de- relief; trees, builtings and mot 1e military and commercial companies, thing approaching their natural The acttal making of aerial photo- graphs fs cosy. By that I mean ft ts e for the trained cameraman and pilot. In mapping, d t checked an the best ground maps available, ‘The scale of the map desired is x upon and is determined hy the flies with relation to the They know al r tory to be photograp! focal length of the te most 10 the f that will be eovered by one negative trot a given height, how many trips back and forth will have to be made and the sum her of expostures that will be requires! With these predetermined figures known, it is just # question of good photographic nt the amount of st nnd do laboratories on the They develop the negatives. ke the prints, taking the tones as even as possible, These prints are then matched, measured fully with instruments and cut, and the whole is assembled into a jig-saw Ipstllation of @ Fairchild KCB ceral camera inthe floor ef a survey plane, which is im turn rephoto- (Tus lo fure 7) ‘greal care to keeRS eae Useboriall Hey of. jamin chev HN- ON MARCH II EUGENE RENAUX WON THE MICHELIN GRAND PRIZE SY FLYING FROM ST.CLouD To PUY DE DOME, A TINY PLATEAU 150 YARDS SQUARE, GARELY MiSs- INGA 4,500°FOOT GULF ON ONE SIDE AND THE MOUNTAIN ON THE OTHER- IQH~LieUT. JEAN CONNEAU oF JHE FRENCH ARMY, KNOWN AS “ANDRE BEAUMONT “To THE Fi ING WORLD, WINS THE GRAND. PRIZE OF 32,330 FOR THE EUROPEAN CIRCUIT RACE, THIS GREAT AIR RACE BEGAN IN PARIS BEFORE A RECORD CROWD OF OVER 700,000 SPEC TATORS. THE RACE RAN FROM JUNE 18 To JULY 7, AND ATTRACT- ED WORLD-WIDE ATTENTION, !9il- Upon THE FIRST oF JULY OF THIS YEAR A NEW WORLD SPEED RECORD WAS SET BY CHARLES WEYMANN, THE AMERICAN PiLoT, To WIN THE THIRD GORDON BENNET CUP RACE. HIS AVERAGE FOR THE 94 MILES. OF THE COURSE WAS 78,77 MPH, AN UNHEARDOF SPEED AT THAT TIME . Ill James VALENTINE, THE ONLY ENGLISHMAN TO FINISH IN THE GREAT CIRCUIT OF ENGLANO AIR RACE FROM JULY 22 To JULY 26, THIS RACE Was Won BY THE FRENCHMAN BEAUMONT IN 22. HOURS, 28 MINUTES AND 18 SECONDS FOR THE 1,010 MILES, WINNING FOR HIM THE FIRST PRIZE oF 50,000. eeTen pages devoted to the light plane industry— Presenting drawings, photos and specifica- tions of planes powered by 100 h.p. or less AERONCA KC The basic Aoranca two:place high-wing monoplane is produced in three models differing only in power plant ond Tanding gear. Model K is a landplane powered with the 40 hip. Aeronca E-113C engine. Fitted with floots, it is designated KS. The third version is the KC powered with tho Continental A-40-4, which also develops 40 hip. Th ‘A405, c variant of this engine featuring dual ign ‘lso available. The Aeronea LG, a two-place, lo is produced by the same manufact 90 hip. Warner, it is available wit ing cabin monoplane Powered with the ther wheels or floats. Continental A-40-4 t 3bF 1,590 $470 down, bel. 12 mo. 655 Manufacturer: Aeronautical Corp. of America, 2 Wee Cincinnati, O.AIR TRAILS AIR TRANSPORT METEOR The Meteor is on extemally braced, hhigh-wing mono- plone available in two models, both powered with the 100 hp. Kinner K-B air-cooled radial engine. Tho P-2 is equipped as a trainer and is slightly slower than the P-2S touring model. Both feature twin open cockpits in tandem cond dual controls. Construction is conventional with wood cond fabric wings in three panels, canter section containing 30-gallon fuel tank. Welded stool tube fuselage, faired with wood and covered with cluminum forward of tho fire- wall and fabrie aff. Engine. . 2... Kinnor KS Spon she maz Length 2 1 2 > og Sieh re eae Gr. Woight © 2 > 1 1,750 Ibs. UsefolLoad © 1) 675 Ibs, Pay Load . : Seating | + 2tandom Max Speed °°] 2 135 mph. Cris. Speed | | 2 2 110 mph. Land. Speed . ©. . 42 mp, limb Soff 5 1,200'f/min. Sorv. Ceiling. <> 14,000 ft. Ctuis Range | | | > 450 mi. Pree.) Pah: Bequgi <1 tee ATGe: | SeMeEle nes Manufacturer: Air Transport Manufacturing Co,, Ud., Glendale, Cal. eae AMERICAN EAGLET The 1938 Eaclet ts substantially similar fo last year's model, It is cn externally braced, parasol monoplane Powered with the Szskely SR3.0 engine. This is a three- cylinder, air-cooled radial developing 45 hp. at 1,750 p.m. The wing is built in one pisee and supported above the fuselage by inverted V eabano struts. Conventional fwo-spor, wood and fabric construction is used, Tho fuxo- lage is a rectangular structure of welded steel tubing coy- cred with fabric. A large.open cockpit seats two in fan- dem. Duel controls are provided. Engine. Stokely SR3.0 Span) coe ebeg 34/4" enghh. 5 1. LL 2NTIQe Holght 2 2 2 1D gt Gr. Weight © | 1) 922 ths. Useful Load |. 2 413 Ibs. Poylead 2 2 1 2! Seating 2. . |. 2 tandem Mox.Spood © 2]! Cris. Speed | 1 1 Lond. Speed: 2 1 7 Climb kee ihren: sees; 450 Manufacturer: American Eagle-Lincoln Aieratt Corp, Kanses City, Mo.16 AIR TRAILS ARROW SPORT-F One of the most succassiul of the automobile-engine- powered light planes. A converted Ford V-8 engine do- livers 82 hyp. ct 3,075 rpm. and is geared down to pro- peller speed cf 1,580 revs. The Sport-F is a side-by-side fwo-seater, lowawing monoplane and is availeble with cither open cockpit or cabin enclosure. Dual wheel con- trol; beagage compartment behind seat; Hayes wheels tend brakes, Goodrich fires and olco shock-absorbers; novi- caation lights; Pyrene; first-aid ki ‘A new experimental gullwing model (G) with on im- proved V-8 engine and new-type cowiing develops 90 hip. tnd shows appreciably better performance. Engine»... + Arrow V-B-F Gay a gee! Langih Ly. + 214" Height... = + + a0 Gr Weight 2 1 1 > 1676 ths. Usefl load | |. 508 Ibs. DLL 1 198 tbs. Ll 1 2sidedby-side S 100 m.p-he oot 55 mph. eae femmes be 2. «+ 800 ft/min. Serv.Celling | |. + 12,000 ft Ciufe.Range » © + + 300 mi. Peceiies ce eageee1,500) Meise sess oS IMT.G. eee ces 618 Manufecturers Arrow Aircraft Corp., Havelock, Neb. BELLANCA JR. Rushed fo completion for tho Chicago Air Show, the new throe-place Bollanes 14 is on interesting addition to the lightplane field. It is o low-wing, cabin monoplane with full canflever wings of wooden construction. Two models fare available. The 14-7 is powered with the Le Blond 70, ‘and equipped with fixed landing gear and tail skid. Modal 14.9 is fited with the Le Blond 90 engine ond hos re- fractable whecke, brcke: ond tail whecl. Both models tse 18:00:4 semi-balloon tires and oleo shock-absorbers. The 75 hip. Le Blond available on both models. gine. - . « + + Le Blond 90 ceeeeghe, keene Length . 2 Hetght a3" GW 11,680 Ibs. Useful 738 Ibs. Pay Load « 412 Ibs. Sectng «+ Mox Speed. « Crols.Speed |. I Speed | |. + 45 mph Climb + =. 800 ft./min. Serv. Ceiling. . . . 14,750. Crvis. Range - 500 mi. Focon. o2 os mad31501ep) deneeeet ATG... + + + Pending Menufacturer: Bellanca Aircraft Corp., New ; peseS ae rar AIR TRAILS The Menosport wih the consirvcion. Its developi ond a sli rabber en DART G Medal G was locks end feels like a rec! irplane. Engine « Span Seating Mex. Speed Crus. Speed Land. Speed - Climb | Ceitng ¢ «Range - Price Terms ° ATC. fight Useful Load | Payload . | + + Lambert R-266 loz + 187" a 1,550 Ibs. 640 ibe, 301 I 2 side-by-side Dates eats +1 40mph 55 850 ft/min. 14,850 ft 565 mi, + 2 Approval 2-541 Manufacturer: Dart Manufacturing Corp, Co- lumbus, Q. iginolly designed end built by the Monocoupe Corporation. It is now manufae- * tured by the Dart Corporation under Group 2 approval spectation of en A.T.C. rating in the near future. ‘The Dart is a low-wing cabin monoplane of full contilever Powered with the Lambert R-268 engi 90 hp. at 2375 rpm. Side-by-side . 20,000 ft Cruis.Ronge - | > 550 mi. Penis eariyegen Terms ees 1 AIC. 2 <5 2. 5 Pending Manufacturer: Payne Alrcraft Corp,, Jolie, Ill PIPER CUB Due to their excellent qualities and low cost, more Cubs fre in use today than any other make of light plane. The Piper Corporation now offers the famous litle ship in two models, both powered with the equally wellknown Cont nental A-40 engine. The J-3 Sport model differs from the 42 Trainer only in refinement of detcils. Both are avail. able as cither land or seaplanes. The Cub is a high-wing monoplane fitted with two seals in tand control. A each Cub sold. Engine . 5 Spann oe Length 2 2 1 | 221 Height. 2 1) ger Gr. Weight. < ) 1,000 tbs, Usefulload © <1 | 426 Ibs. Payload. © | | 190 Ibs. Seating) « es) 2tardem Max.Speed | + 84 mph, Cruis. Speed. . | | 70 mph. Lond. Speed. © | | 30 mph. Climbs. 5 | 2 400 ft/min, ing... | 10,000 ft Cruis. Range. | | 216 mi. = $1395 + + $425 down + + 595.660 Manufacturer: Piper Aircraft Corp., Lock Haven, Po.AIR TRAILS PORTERFIELD ZEPHYR ‘The Zephyr is « high-wing, oxternally braced monoplane manufactured under « Group 2 approval. Accommoda- is fo provided for the pilot ond one passenger seated jn tondem within a pyralin cabin enclosure. Tho power plant is a Continental A-40-4 doveloping 40 h.p. ot 2.575 Fipm. Stondord equipment includes dual controls, Good- Year tires, wheole and rubber-dise shock-obsorbers, Pyrene Gdinguisher and first-aid kit, Tho Porterfield Corp. also” produces a de-luxo model (35) powered with @ va Engines including the 65 hip. Lamberh-Velio M-B, the 70 hp. Le Blond 5-£, and the 90 hip Warnor Scarab. Engine. . . - » + Continental A404 Spontuetscals 348" engi eens Sg al'7S Height | |... 811.25 Gr. Weight | | |. 1,040 Ibs. a Useful Load |... 462 Ibs. Poyload. . - . + 180 Ibs. i LLT 1D 2tondem 1 35 mph. 1425 f:/min. 9,000 #. : 225 mie . $1,395 REARWIN SPORTSTER The Sportster is a high-wing, externally braced eobin monoplane seating two in tandem. It features dual con- trols, two baggage compariments and hydraulic spring : shockabsorbers, Three Sportster models are offered. The 7,000 fs powored with the Le Blond 5E engine developing 70 hep. at 1,950 r.pum. Model 9,000-L uses tho Le Blond BF producing 90 h.p. at 2,250 revs, The third model is designated 9,000 and is fitted with o 90 hip. Warner, Scoreb Jr. Standard equipment includes Hottorp propel- fer, Goodyear tires and whook, Shakespeare controls, col- lector ring, fire-extingvisher ond first-aid 13 down Approval 2-530 Manufacturer: Porterfield Aireratt Corp., Kansas City, Mo. Z Engine. . . Werner Scarab Jr. - Length . mr 3 Height. . 69” E Gr. Weight 1,460 Ibs. : Useful Load 595 Ibs. : ee 2a . arate 5 ; Oe Bocca Land. Speed - Climb. - = Sery. Ceiling - ae ATG. ¢ {574591624 Manufacturer: Rearwin Airplanes, Kansas City, Mo. rn epee aeAiR TRAILS Re ee aaa Se 7 ROSE PARRAKEET ; With the exception of the Knight Twister, the Parralect fs not only the sole biplane in the light-plane field but also the only single-seater. Manufactured under Group 2 ap- preval, tho Rose A-1 is a single-bay, equal-span, staggered iplane powered with the 37 h.p. Continental A103 en« sinc. The pilot sits in on open, single-seat cockpit aft of the {rolling edge of the upper wing. The fuselage is of welded steel tube covered with aluminum shest and fabrie and: ceniain: the fuel tank, The wings are of wood and febric. Continental A-40-3 Bee 20 ee eee ese +2. 728 Ibs. Ete 288 Ibs Poyload . . . . | none Seating. + 5. <1 open cockpit Met Speed © © ©. 100:mph. Crvis, Speed» || 85 mop. Land. Speed. 2 2) 35m limb = 2. |< 780 th/main. Serv.Colling . . < | 12,000 #. Crufs.Ronge. . . . 340 Pleaieienaneens $175 Teossromtata. =. ATG... <1 | Approval 2.514 3 Menvlaclurer: Rose Airplane & Motor Co., Chicego, I TAYLORCRAFT ncered and built by C. G. Taylor, designer’ of the popular Cub, the Taylorerafh is ono of the mos! hondseme: fend efficient light planes on tho market to-day. lt is cHered in threo models; the standard (I-A), tho de luxe end the sseplene model. The power plant is the some in three, the Continental A.40-4, although the structure sessed for engines up to 50 hp. Side-by-side seating is featured with dual wheel controls and 3 instrument Panel. Standard equiament includes Sensenich propeller, Shim wheels, (streamlined spats optional}, fire-oxtinguisher cond firstaid kit Engine... . . Continental A404 Spon Se eee (pean ares Height | 2. 11 > ger Gr. Weight {1,050 lbs. UsefulLocd <2 1 1 aé4'lbe Poyload . 226 Ibe, Seating ©. - «| 2sidecby.side feSpeed q nd. Speed | | b i Manufacturer: Taylor-Young Airplene Co., Alllonce, 0.atts 5 it ell edad seal 22 WATERMAN ARROWBILE Waldo Waterman's Arrowbile isthe first rue flying auto- Its talless fuselage is @ recr-engine, thrae-whea! nn to the home airporh, fitted with wings and flown to a distant field. Upon being de-winged, the Arrowbile continues by road fo its destination, thus pro- 1g the only door-to-door fiying machine available to- day. In the ait, the Arrowbile i a taille, high-wing mono- plane, with fins and ruddors at the ts swept-back wings. The 100 hip. Studebaker automobile engine is fitted with @ 2:1 Vee-bol reduction gear and a pusher propeller. Engine . = . « Studebaker-Waterman S-1 Rae. ones eee 194" Pee Sae Gr. Weight | |. + 2,500 Ibs. Usefullood . . . - 559 Ibs. Payload . - - . - 230 Ibs. Seating . . . . + 2 side-by-side Max.Speed . ee, Cruis. Speed. . - Land. Speed... + 45 mp.h. Climb we + + 650 ft./min, Serv. Ceiling. . . - 15,000 ft. Cruis.Range | | > + 375 mi. Picker ses oe Jerseecce. ATC... + Experimental Monufacturers Weterman Arrowplane Corp, Sorta Monica, Cal WELCH OW The Welch OW is a high.wing externally braced mono- plane seating two sido-by.side. It is being produced in three models differing only in the power plants. Model 5M is fitted with the 40 hp. Continental A-40-4 engine. {6M uses the 36 hyp. Aeronea E-113A. A third model (7M) Upon which license is ponding, is powered with the Welch 0.2, This i a two-cylindor opposed engine of the cir- cooled type developing 45 h.p. at 2,500 r.pum. Its weight ratio of 2.4 Ibs./h.p. is the lowest in its class. Engine... . . « Continental A40-4 Spans camps n 344 flengih st anes « 22lh Height. 2... 58” Gr. Weight... . 950 Ibs. Useful Lead | | + 403 Ibs. Pay Load . 179 Ibs. LLL lf tsidebyside D2 93 mph. Do 2 85 mph. D1) 29 mph. DL 1 1 480 f/min, Serv.Colling . » - - 11,000 ft, Cruis.Range » «+ 250 mi. Pico. ss « $1495 D112 12 down 1) 6366372474 Manufacturers Welch Aircraft Industries, Inew South Bend, Ind.AIR TRAILS WENDT W-1 Powered with a Warner Scarab Jr. developing 90 hip. ©} 2,025 r-p.m. the prototype W-1 is now undergoing tests. ‘ihe ship is a cleanly designed high-wing monoplane fea. luring side-bysside seating and dual adjustable overhood. type wheel controls. The fuselage is consirucied of welded steal tubing with plywood formers, spruce stringers and felsic covering. The wing is of wood and fabric, exlernaly braced with Vae-type struts. Landing gear is of tho fixed Goodyear res, Hayes wheels and mocharical tanderd equipment includes Fahlin propeller, Avers ihrtle, Pyrene ond frst-ofd te f Engine . é Warner Scarab Jr. Spans 2 ho jees 29'9.5" Lenath 199.25" Height | 1 82" Gr. Weight 1,500 Ibs. Useful Load s+ 622 Ibs. Poy load . 285 Ibs, Seating | 2 side-by-side Max. Spoed. : 140 mpsh. Crus Speed | 125 mosh, Lend. Speed : 38 mph Climb 16,000 ft. 00 mi Pending Manslastirar: Wend) Arcroft Cor Fell, NOY: CROSS WINDS 733) = sa] 3, es] 21 E : ¥ on sel an oe EE : 1 a] ‘church late +E a a Stas And ate Haier fee el EO] mua ee TAI el Lala z 21) 4) 7] | ss fine of madame lelalelet efile [u=l 7] 5 |e Sea Fturia compensa sates ie a a a of si ve [57 ae ef suttened a 29—Japanese: sash St 4-Gaining alti- 77 i 7 glider oP) |e gh ope | abet known SOL ings 32 —Corman sme 7 ‘cE se 3 tad a TE tan Bonet of =| a] hatte ee lee 7 fe ene a Won ate i - enicrigid Bracing sive breviated ACROSS absorbing Tands —18—Boundary ible hale Stank of tion of wood 13 by a a lb American 5 14—Tidy 21—Type of divigi- aes 1SSTsin_ tranepar em mineral ited ws electric Iles in. whieh shape is mio tained hy framework Tolan rns of ‘Span tines Renciide 85 —Chemeal sym ; iter acon, DOWN Small devil iteom element Aerial weapon plat 12oKimt_ of ehock- inair 2=Hosrpodse souEPG HE Conducted by Arch Whitehouse FE response to this department during the past two ronths lias been most encouraging, and we appre- jate the efforts of the many club secretaries v fave taken time out from their solos and dual hops to Grop us a fine and let ts know what progress their flying lub is making. ‘On the whole, we must state that for the first time we notice a distinct surge upward in enthusiasm and inter~ st, New clubs are being formed—many seplacing older organizations which have simmered down to a state of senile decay. Members are displaying a new brand of initiative and most of them appear to Tools on light-plane fiying as a means to aa advaneed end, and mot 2s sport for goggle-and-helmet daredevils who ate only: exhit Gonists at heart, T have heen startled by the numb eho frankly admit they are taking up light-plane lying because they icel that in the not-too-distant future they ope to be called upon to play a part in the air branch of, national defense. T state again that most of them “hope” to be called upon, which of course indicates a state of mind. ‘The United States may not be warlike and Americans may bor the thought of war, but from the attitude of most of our Tighteplane Ayers, it is easy to see that aviation will beeome our first ine of defense in more ways than ‘one, should an enemy power decide to ope hostilities ‘with a bomb-dropping competition along the West—or East—Coast. If it is any satisfaction to the Recruiting Department at Washington, we can assure them here and row that there will he no dearth of volunteers for the Air Serviee, if and when. However, we'ze veering away from the subject we had in mind. i Sc The Luscombe "Fifty." powered by the Conti ental A-50, boa:ts an excellent speed range. Maximum spood is 107 map.h, landing 37 m.p-. The fine performance ond metal construction of the "Fifty" affords an excellent buy for prospec- ive pilotowners. 4.8 18am Tho Aeronca K on floats. Tho pontooned light plone fhas made possible vacations and trips of unmatched scenic splendor. Seemingly nonchalant, friond of the pit flips over the prop ona "K." The Acronca features side-by-side25) PEVING CLUBS The Teylorereft de kxe. Wheel pants and a lustrous combination trimmed finish distinguish this cristocrat of the light planes. The buyer is given ¢ choice of color scheme end upholstery. The ship is ited with navigation lights ond, in eddition to cher exiro equipment, cabin heater ond cobin ventilator. 8. Fitians About those new regulations and their significance to light plane Slying— the flying cub in the colleges— club notes, news and activities. The popular Pipor Cub, equipped with Edo flocts. As niany of you know a new set of Civil Air Regula- circus man fons became effective on November Ist, 1937. As far very few wordhwhile contributions 4 is could he gleaned from a quick glance through them ean be traced or accredited to the ee at the time, the mew laws appeared to be a general ternfty ger and the Roman Holiday erowd, only a ronautical science alled racing classification of certain categories, simplification of Among the mumber of letters to this department of quirements and clarifying of many of the problems Inte, we note a few who are bringing up the tl bles invotved, about the “too rigid restrictions” of the Bureau of Air Perhaps itis the nature of the bied, but fying men all Commerce civil regulations. Unfortunately. none soem over the warld are noted for their inherent animosity to to he very explicit in thelr complaints or seen able tq any form of regulation: and Americans are no exception put their fingers on any particular clause in the sok thee to the rule, We all know tle period we went through a frritates ther number of years ago when the 0 explain my position, T sh that in matters erait cune up. Tn the ol had of law T spar Mileue. tome, a kay is a the means and the ability to in we) law and ami in get it altered, T keep quiet and play { into a set of longerons and holt a wing to i could not the game. 1 have found out that this is the leat preg uuuderstand why 2 government which had the interest of Thave my opinions i intion at heart would not alloys hhim to 1 sand shen, L nver the landscape—with the privilege of bashing him- stubborn hdivies insensibility. against ay chunk tunfortunates who are the first to get na‘led for treason, (or Goc-proviesd) piece fot in his mayhem or toting concealed weapems when the local cont No thought of liability insurance ever entered the stabulary decides to fill the township coffers by cone picture, for no sane i company would even con- ing'a suilden campaign against jaywalking, parking with sider stich an obvious risk ut lights or erossing little white lines, of licensing air 5, the amateur w! stall a motor certain ma become a very lly T am one of those To be fair, we must admit that a few sich amateurs I explain all this to give you an idea why T have a lot did come through and present the industry with one or of respect for the law and the gentlemen who enforce it fx Worthy contributions in the way of désign or con- Personally, [ cannot pitt my Ariger on any part ruction, Most of these flyers were racers, le point in tke new regulations dhat appears to enforce am air-racing has provided certain thrills for the professional hardship on the private or amateur pilot, On the othe, ia naar i a hk ee -26 AIR TRAILS Light Planes Abroad The tworplace British Aircraft Swallow, powered by the 90 hip. Circus. THE BRITISH AIRCRAFT SWALLOW hen ett ered the worl aaa ttl he odtiod that Ht takes tn Io 0h Tete tae esi cn eal uth Be Peete iba Wage cate Ne Fe Pe DA aL May tele of mat tt ade ae eal ile i te eta oa Pik Mehta ied aR ati femme fe Hee aM (hon aie tad er the rc Ree eee ii ita ttt dated ait aa Mier attilin A tray takes et Te eae tthe tenet ge a i Seeded Sao ean eda i dt lil ie ihe Peta cL eats al tn foe tad apr Mihec'on the edge of @ Feld ma ft atepane sm the ‘phi talon 07 nparatited Ss Beacon eri ivaaurie eimeencar Fe fied elt ie 1M het ta lr tal See iyht k er ide mae uae came iaea fee oe ane A Ae Pec Se ae ae aia ieee ec al ecIh Stace Ge oat Beat et ranma a Heuer Hine ett Roce eae aii relate Bi aa alo Bey ier aireen ne ae auea tae a els ree eae singh see aheeytrte He Taba ap eaaee la ee ate eee Ten ete cute MONE te re eens ote oy li we no SEAM ie Se oc er ta seriitedralitariae fae mm lat ets 23 The Swallow resombles closely the old Aeromarine Klem and the Keane Ace. and there are many features in the code which appe to be sound, reasonable, and drafted for the ultimate good of the flying club. Where the regulations have been stiffened, it appears that certain facts were ap- ‘or the stiffening process was incorporated because ned from the application of former rules. ‘any one puts up 2 squawk about flying reg- tations being too stiff, T always remember that year jn and year out the great- fest single cause of ai craft accidents is pilot ‘error, and pilot-error often meatis that some one dis regarded a rule or refused to heed precaution. ‘But what are the points cour light-plane enthusiasts object to ‘There is the old one which demands that any airplane flown by Ticensed. pilots on any legitimate business, which covers practically everything from lth flying to interstate air commiree, must be offi- cially inspected and exam ined for an airworthy cer= tifieate. the for ing service to our the tent club, send for thes ATTENTION TO LIGHT PLANE ENTHUSIASTS! Tn response to many requests, and in keeping with ‘our aim to further the sport of light plane fi ‘of light plane clubs, we offer the follow- ders, a Upon receipt of 10c in coin or stamps to cover printing and mailing costs we will send a simplified lan for ihe formation of a light plane fying: club, Rested constitution and bylaws from which a workable governing and operating plan can be formulated. ‘hese have been arranged with the collaboration of Ye and heads of successful light plane Sying Clubs now in operation, with slight modifications due to regional and other circumstances, ‘Please be sure to note the make and type of any Sight plane you now own, or plan to purchase in tho Future either for elub fiying or indivi ‘This will enable us to gauge more accurately the fying club situation as it now stands, Tf you're contemplating the formation of a club: or are interested in getting the most from your pres Valuable plang at once. Ad- Gress your request to Light Plane Club Plan, AIR DRAILS, 79 Seventh Avenue, sure to encloge 10e in coin or Stamps. fo me, who still have a lot of healthy respect for the airplane, this is one of the soundest rules in the code. Why, if we are to take the trouble to train men and womnen to fly along standard lines and issue them official license: d we allow them to abuse these ficenses and fiy an unlicensed plane? If our pilot licenses are to be worth the card they are printed on, why shouldn't the same jurisdietion ex- tend to the plane the pilot expects to fy? If a ti censed pilot, while fying ‘an unlicensed plane, is Killed or injured, what will be thought by the man on the street whom we hope to interest in aviation? He will soon lose confidence in the transport pilot's ticket and make it his bist= ss to keep away from form of fight. In other words, if the protec- tion of a license extends ‘only to the human factor, what justification have we for aftempting to encour ‘age others to Ay? Tam one who honestly believes that all the real advances (Turn 0 pore) and ual member use. New York City. BeThe Air Trails Gallery Three full pages of photographs of modern planes. The Junkers Ju87, all-metal dive-bomber, is fitod with special in bombing. The engine develops 680-950 h.p. Notes I flaps to brake cir speod when diving to permit greater pre- str ship diving in upper right-hond earner of top photogregh.om ssouB 'sayou ¢ yoo} YE 31 Uods 199} OBZ'E GUL [01 hw FZLL 1 poods doy esp) “sdiys anjadod trou s,phi0M oy jo ou0 sf yid'w greg poeds Bupun) puo ‘ous ‘Bulguuoq pur ‘Aisuun ‘olpes 10} AuDuHioey Faia a 1 i ‘E E 3 : : q mister, T guess you ean call me an old-timer, ‘hough Tim only a little past thirty-five, I started fiying for Mid-Continental years ago when the pas- sengers rode on top of the mail sacks. In those days nobody fiad even thought of inst flying or direc onal radio beams. The only instruments we had for bad. weather flying were a compass to tell us where we were hheaded and the pants to tell us whether we ‘were right side up or upside dovin “Things have changed a lot since then. With radios and gyro pilots and. two-hundred-mile-an-howr planes and “aquaws’—hostesses to you—and traffic control sy tems, man has to hustle to keep abreast of the neve stall ‘The radio beams are so accurate row that we cant land {” by following them right down to the airport until the wheels roll on the ground, and we've actually used them in fog so thick you couldn't see the ground if you were walking on it. fer seen the inside of the pilot's “office” on these new transports? Come on in, we've got time to Jook at this one before the ground crew starts to check it over. sit down, ‘That's the co-pitot’s seat you're in ‘ake a look at that instrument patel, Some spread, isw't it? Tve never counted them, but there must be early two hundred controls and dials and switehes anc ‘pushbuttons of one sort or another. Fairly makes your fread swim to look at them, Sure, they're all important, thut the best instrument you ean have is a dam good piot, and don’t ever forget it Speaking of pilots, there was Jerry Gordon, We hired frim'as co-pilot back in 1933. He had just finished three years’ training with the Army Air Corps and was as Sweet a flyer as ever strapped an airplane to bis tail, He had trained with a purstit squadron at Langley Field where they did lots of aerial acrobatics in formation. They used to chase one another under bridges and up the well-known erecks and carry on all manner of hellé raising that doesn't have any place on a commercial transport Tine, But the Army was just beginning to teach blind Aying so Jerry only had a Kittle experience on the instruments” before hie came to Mid-Continent Well, that was all right with us, We had a regular training school for our co-pilots and Jerry started right fa to learn all there was to know about instruments and flying the radio beams, but alter he'd taken one look at that instrument hoard you see before you, he came to me rfously and asked what he should do if he ever ran rushbations and altitude at the same ti He learned casily and had no trouble in measuring up to our standards, but he took a rather superior attitude toward all the pushbuttons. [remember how he kidded the other co-pilots, “IF you want to take off,” he'd say, Jou push a button, If you want to fand, you push a iiutton, If yon want to ‘alk to Newark or Chieago or retract your landing gear or talk to your squaw, you push a fution, Shocks, you're just a bunch of pushbut= ton pilots.” T guess he was homesick for a pursult p and a chance to work some of the vinegar out of his System, He was fairly young for his age and still had the feeling that flying ought to be all dash and flash and glory instead of a safe and conservative transportation Dusiness. Jerry got along fairly well for a few months, and then the roitine began to get under his skin, and he was re Pushbutton Pilot Acrobatics and formation flying were his dish, but when ceiling and visibility were zero things began to happen By Lieut. Bill Altenburg ported for several minor infractions of flying mules, He twas banking too steeply: on turns and slipping into land- ngs instead of coming in straight and level. “Those a Tittle things and tot at all dangerous, but sometimes they ‘make the passengers nervous, s0 his senior pilot had to reprimand him once in ‘Tihen one day Jerry's pilot went back into the eabin to speide to the hosiess, leaving Jerry to fly the plane, ‘The pilot hitadn’t been in the cabin long enough for the hostess to say fo more than twice when he heard the motors Speed up. He looked ont the window and got quite a shock to find that Jerry had overhauled one of the slower planes on Trans Western Airlines (they parallel our Toute) and was flying-in close formation with it, mean- while making insulting gestures at the Trans-Western pilot, who was mad as heli but dida’t dare make any sud den moves to get the kid away from his wing. ‘Phat was a Serious offense. The 7 estern pilot to the Department of Commerce and our ayer bad Jerry up on the cerpet and bawled him out. Jerry just grinned and said he must have pushed the button. Then he went on to explain that while tion flying might be dangerous for some pilots it was perfectly sale for him because he was an expert at it, Well, it was pretty rank for a promising youngster 0 tell a bunch of old-timers what was and what was not safe, x0 the chief pilot decided to fly with Jerry for a few tips to see whether he couldn't get the kid to take things alittle more seriously, T think the chief was hoping for Some pretty bad weather so that Jerry would get a real demonstration of just how much conservatism and rules nstruments meant to safe flyin the chief pilot on Mid-Continental is quite an His transport is number and he’s a living example of his creed ‘would rather be the oldest pilot in the air than the best. Well, they say he’s one of the best antl eonse- {quently one of the oldest, Or maybe its the other way Ground, He's conservative about is flying but mighty progressive where advanced esfpment fre concerned, THe was the first air-mail pilot to i parachute without complaining that it was “sissy st fr it -was duc to his recommendation that Mid-Cont a while. a i aia laims yer o Barten was looking at them curiously, wondering what was going on—lerry indicated that his radio was no good by Folding up the heads rpemtal was the first air line to go in for instrament flying na big way and install directional radio beams at both All the pilots are pretty ; and the older ones hay’ cod “on the ad plenty of nuinal airporss, ciining at landing blind, So we're putting through a lot of trips that we uscd to cancel on account of fog. Terry and the chief had been fying together for about and the weather had been bad. Mid-Continental didn’t have to cancel any srips, but about the only tin the passengers say any ground was when they were landing or taking off. Jeriy was getting a good «as instrument flying. Traffic was heavy and ‘rip 9, which Was the chief's run, was usually full of passengers and sometimes we had to send out a second section. Jers fel: the responsibility of those passengery pretiy hea lien the weather was bad, and the chief began to thinks that maybe his attitude toward pushbutton piloting would change. ‘They left the westem a full load, heading: ea inal late one afterneon with Hal Bacton was flying a sec- of Trip 9 about ten minutes behind them. was nol s0 good, with five hundred feet of ceiling and scattered ground fog zeported at the eastera end of the run, but that was all right for dey eould dee to Tand blind. ed his wind-wagon (this very one, by ul they came out aboye the ibout twelve thousand fect. The sky was them and d “The weathe pend on the radio beant even if they had The chief poin the way) clouds rl the root svard the horizon, tion Two was climbing up through the solid cloudbank, sunt was just well down on ies Ten minutes behind them See- following the same course, Jerry was making the radio reports and doing the mavigating of bored with things and wondering what the missus would have for dinner that evening, Tt seemed Tike just another routine fight uatil they were about thirty minutes from home and the chief throt~ ted the engines « bit and started to lose altitude. THe was dropping gradually toward the top of the cloudbank, get ting set for the long glide down the radio beam until he could break out of the clouds just aver the aizport, ‘They were in the elonds and losing altitude about two hundred feet a minute when a special weatbe ratio told them that the fox had settled right onto the gronnd and that they would have to depend entirely on the radio beam and land blind, ‘That didn’t bother the chie? any. In preparing for just such situations he the other pilots hail spent nearly Sfty hours apiece Mying down that invisible radio beam. until the wheels rolled on the ground to a site landing: Well, the ground station had just started to repeat the weather data when the radiy in the chief's plane went ead, ‘The chief didn’t waste much tim the auxiliary was dead, i09, and so was the i ‘on't go into the teclinical reasons for trouble now. Tr was a simple «hi pen again, but it was plent The chief was on Phe weather » two Iuuidred miles around and there was less than an in the tanks. On top of all that, Jerry yelled, “Well, chief, which button do, (urn to paye 92) and the chiel was sort hat can neve a spot ‘ad foree ih ANNUAL SOARING CONTEST E 9th Annual Contest, which is the highlight of this country's soaring activities, is 10 open officially at 3p. m. on June 25th and close on July 10th. The contest annually draws thousands of spectators from far fand wide and is without doubt one of the most thrilling Sights imaginable, This year the minimum zequirements for flights qualifying for prize money have been raised to exclude secondary ships. For these a separate contest at Frankfort, Mich., will be held later in the summer ‘The minimum requirements for the Elmira contest are as follows? Single-seaters Mulfseaters Distance 35 miles Distance 27 miles Altitude 3,500 feet Alkiude 2,500 feet Duration 5 hows Duration 5 hours Here are some of the rules and regulations governing the contest, which is sponsored by, and under the super- f, the S.S.A. Wy take place at any time fi the five soaring sites. (Official flights may take place at any time during the day or night provided all requirements of the Department ‘of Commerce are complied with, and provided that the ‘Contest Committee is notified sufficiently ahead of time to observer and launching equipment. A pilois’ meeting is to be held every day, at which time the day’s activities and the weather will be discussed. Persons of any nationality may participate as Tong as they comply with the following requirements: m any of 1, They must hold recognized by the Department of Commerce. Contrary to the practice of previous years, the S.S.A, will take no responsibility for licensing flights. Acquiring a license for the glider or the pilot is entirely a matter etween the Department of Commerce Inspector and the individual, ‘The S.S.A, will make every tliort to have the Department of Commerce assign fan inspector during the contest, ‘The contest can be fenterell only after presentation of the liceAse or its equivalent, 2, They must be in possession of a "C” license issued by the Federation Aeronautique Internationale. 3. They must have an annual sporting license issued by the National Aeronautic Association at Wash- ington, D.C. 4, They must he members of the National Aeronautic Association or a corresponding foreign body. If fare active members of the S.S.A. or the the licensing fees for “C” and sporting Ticenses are waived. 5. They must fill out and return application forms to the Contest Board of the 6, They must return parents’-consent dorms if under 21 years of age. A fee of $10.00 is required if the participant is not a member of the S.S.A. ‘The number of contesting gliders is limited to forty Gliders of any nationality may be entered, providing they are licensed by the U. S. Department of Commerce oo by any foreign country which has reciprocal licensing ‘Above, loft to. right—Chet Decker, Emil Lohocka, and Alexis Dawydoff at the Annual Aithoppers meeting. Lett—Enalsh sailplanes being assembled at tho Kirbymoorside fac- tory, preparatory to being shipped in July to the first International Contest in the Rhone Valley, Germany.Conducted by Alexis Dawydoff agreement with the U.S. Ifa Federal Inspector is pres- ent at the contest licenses may be obiained theve. Appli cation form must be returned to the Contest Board, and ‘must be accompanied by a check or money order for $5.00. After June 1st the entry fee will be $10.00. Contestants may use their own launching equipment, provided that it is inspected and their method approved by the Contest Board, The S.S.A. provides the following launching equ ment for the benefit of all contestants? shock cord for haud, automobile or winch tow. Hand shock cord may be used only with the permission of the Contest Chair- tan, and only participants in the contest are allowed to stretch ‘Two oF more cars will be provided for automobile tow, as well as tow rope. The total length o the rope will be deducted from altitude performance, Winch tow will be the principal method of launching sail planes, and the Will have at least one-wineh avail- able, ‘The total length. of unwound rope will be dedticted from altitul in fight. ‘Tow airplanes will be provided for those gliders and lider pilots who have the Department of Commerce permits, Airplane tovring will take place only Anybody we-towed at any other time may get Contest Board and pay a charge wher wishing to be airp! permission irom th (of $5.00 per tow, so designated by the Contest Board, SOARING OVER FLAT TERRAIN. HE Alrhoppers Gliding sn Soating Cab of As: Offer: 1M Shee ace ee A ade tying Ge eed ab Beton bs toes Sahel canteens ne Gene SEiete apito 100 far hersenly ters oe one of these Aibert Rosse stayed up for over five minuies in conditions adverse to soaring. aa tua enteees Tho Haller Hawk and three Bowlus-duPont Albatross soilplanes, packed on their corriages at the Sixth Elmira Contest. 33 About the coming Elmira con- test—Soaring over flat terrain —Club news and notes sustained flight. Located between two bodies of water, its comparatively flat cultivated land, heated by the hot summer sin, i8 a thermal up-cur rents, The cool the Sound moving in on the w ses a continuous rise, ¢ the stagnant condition which fered at Elimita and which ean ground the soaring pilots for days, Tt has been proven pilots that great di flat ground. All present international road by a number of soaring absolutely 1149 page78) Have Bow, shown here i hi seceded shop on the neota Rancho.34 Smithson ITEN the student is able to work the W mmple problems on course-finding by limit of about five min- inds the con compass and vie to consider the actual navigation of cross-country flight ‘of topouraph and is sufficiently open to require naviga- wy dead reckoning, Suppose the flight is to be made from the William A. Olamulgee, Oxlshoma, to En Amarillo, Texas. ‘The airline distance between is in the neighborhood of 330 the plane has a fuel eapac 2 four hours’ cruising at 90 tiles per hour will, under ordinary conditions, make it advis and perhaps necessary to stop once en route for gasoline. There will he included among the plane’s equipment a magnetic compass, properly. airspeed meter, an altimeter, av parallel rulers, a copy of the Airway Bulletin #2, a small chart safety measure, of the adjoining sections to north and south, Before the fight is be should ob- tain all the information possible concerning + weather along the route, condition of ding fields, and the winds aloft, so that his flight pla possible before ta n be laid out as nearly as ng off. Tet us assume that it is planned to fly altitude of 6,600 feet, and to land at Clinio port for fuel en route; suppose ulso that 1 wind at 6,000 feet is from 332° true at a fo ‘The pilot should first lay out his courses on he chart and determine the air speed, heading, sek and ground spet fe the chart ‘The track (sco chart) extends from William Olchome City sectional cerenautical chart for pilots. Thos charts are published by tho Bureau of Aipa ON Your tnstructor takes you on an actual cross-country flight —continuing a vital series of informative articles. A, Burke airport in a direetion of 268° ime, passing to northward of Oklahoma City and BI Reno and very close to the small town of Weatherford, Oldshoua, ‘The pilo: lays down this track, then by use of the allel rulers, transfers a line representing the wind tion, from the compass rose to the base paint, maldiag it of a length equal to a 20-mile value om the margin scale, From the formula 2% x air speed 3 lihy we find that 02 x 90 x 6 = 10.8 miles per hour must be added to the incliented ajr speed to obtain the actual air speed ‘of the plane at 6,000 feet. For the sake of convenience, the decimal can: be disregarded and we can assume the plane's air speed then to be 90 + 10 = 100 miles per hour. Using this figure, an are equal to 100 miles per hour on the seale is swung from the point R, cutting the track atB, Transferring the line RB to the compass rose we Find the conrse it will be necessary to steer in order to make good the desired track is 278° true, ‘The ground speed, represented by AB, will be 90 miles per hour ‘The variation in the vicinity of Okmulgee as shown by the broken line on the chart is approximately 9° E; the deviation on the desired heading will be found by entering the deviation card with the magnetic vale of the course, i, e., 278° — 9° = 269°. Suppose the deviation on this heading is found to be 4° west; the compass course to steer then will be 278° — 9° E 4° W = 273°, Before taking off, the alfinjeter should he set to the altitude of the William A. Burke airport, rather than at zero. Th this way, since the aicport as well as all other cleyations on the chart are bases on heights above sea level, the altitude of the airplane will also be indicated in distanee above sea level. Thus the altitude of the plane above the ground can always (disregarding pos- sible barometric fluctuation) be obtained by subtracting the elevation of the place over which the plane is ying, froin the altimeter reading. ‘An expedient of vital importance in all navigational Aights is that of keeping careful account of the time under way. The pilot who neglects to do this is certain to run into trouble sooner or Tater. Nor should the memory be depended pon in this regard, as the posi- tions of the hands of a clock are too easily forgotten tinder stress of exctiement or danger. ‘The time that each significant event, such as take-off, change in course, or entering clouds takes place should be care- fully recorded cither on the chart near (Zura to page 60) AA simplified tracing of the chart on the opposiio page, “showing the route of the flight described. a Lf eaThe Honor Roll For June Alen Sele Ber scan gg MOINS MECHAM : case ‘Singer, Queens Village, L. T, AIRP Hector McLean, Williase Greek Aan B, Thayer, S, Australia Geo. E. Gociliead, Jr Tulsa, Okla, Mitchell Wawezonel, Omaha, Neb. ‘route, Ont, Can. ‘Miltony Mass Alo, Mass SW anPaNIG Giaurie J. Badewsz, Chicago, TM. TOPOGRAPH Noel J, Breslin, Derry, Ireland Frocks Fitzgibbon, Riverdale, Md, The Red Badge Of Courage OURAGE is a strange quality to define, the dictionary explains courage as that quality of mind which enables one to encounter danger and ‘iffieulties with firmness, or without fear or faintness ‘of heart. Courage is something we all hope to display time or another, Secretly we all wonder w have it, or whether we would be able to raise a present le degree of it should an emergency arise. ‘To many of us tlhe modern test pilot taking a plane to 15,000 feet ‘vith full intentions of bringing it down for a 9-G pull- ut is the acme of courage, Others quietly idolize the transport pilot who day after day flies his ship over vast mniles af territory T know for a fact that neither would change places: wth the other, for in these two cases, courage is relative, some ck Jerseys 1 Pe io Bergan Ng teh i. Winteriehs NET ot a Dow his ose What may be a task demanding the most in mental cour- ‘age for one, is a matter of everyday occurrence to the other. What a noted author once described as the Red Badge of Conrage was most noticeably evident during the days of the World War when men fived and died for they believed to be their moral erusade. ‘Their stories anid adventures have heen written, screened and drann- tized for years, and their deeds of valor are still presented fandards for those who came along later. Some of us who were fortinate enough to live through that Armageddon know that courage, as accepted by those who distribute the awards and decorations, can be svidely interpreted, and itis time that someone attempted to define courage in its true perspective. Tinew a man who before the War was a recognizedAIR TRAILS “bad man.” He had once committed a murder and for some strange reason enlisted in the Army and was sent to the front. Many believed he would be one of the first to “make a nanefor himseli” because of his past history. He did. He turned out to be the greatest coward in his particular division ghd wound up in a cisciplinary Yattalion—a rank wash ienew men who on the ground feased physical punish ment in compulsory athletic activity, but who in the air tumed out to be absolute madmen against the Fokker T knew men who considered four hours ou. in ad on wiring parties a good night's fam, but who when asked to carsy a bag of Mills bombs up a trench, funked it completely and blubbered like babies Tinew pilots who reveled in a dogefight, bat who when asked to carry four 25-pound Cooper bombs tmader their Camel fuselayes, immediately “reported sick” and were almost eashiered for malingering, A particular friend of mine spent four solid months: with a trench-strafing squadron and actually enjoyed flying Dolphins a few feet above the enemy trenches, but who would break down ancl baw! if you asked him to siving: your prop, Meni who thought nothing of looping a Camel tity fee off the ground were terrified of motor cars, and believe it ‘oF not, many still are, ‘Men who had had marvelous ree ords on two-scaters tumed out to be dops wher trans- ferred to pursuit planes, Men who had endured months in the trenches went to pieces when they were fired on by anti-aircraft batteries, 15,000 fect below. ‘What then is courage? Why is it the average power pilot refuses to go anywhere near a glider? Why is it that my friend, a noted transport pilot, positively refuses me to the top of the Empire State Build real answer of course is that courage is relative and cannot be computed by any set standard. Wat may be bravery in one man may only be routine i another, and we are making a great mistake when we attempt to compare our owt actions with those of anotier ‘Po you Air Adventurers then, T offer this lesson in hope that many of you will benelit by it. I know that many of you wonder how you can face your awn personal problems, but your courage is all in your own mind. It's there for you to utilize, whether it be for the purpose of etting into aviation or accepting the undeniable fact that You can’t, ‘The man who can display his courage when hie faces the realization that c pilot and accepts the alternative of playing some other n for my money. Tf your snot purchase flying train- ing, have. courage in yourself and go on and attack the problem from another angle—perhaps through the Oy- ing club, Tr takes courage to say: “AM right, i that’s the situa- tion, T'l try it some other way.” You can't bluster your way through when it comes to designing a successful R. ©. G. Your model will not maintain stability on the strength of your vocal outhurst; it takes courage to keep plugging andl a cool head to find out what is wrong If you have some physical weakness that bars you from attempting to enter the Army or Navy Air Service, your courage should tell you thai there are still hundreds of ‘opetiings for men who can think, men who ean keep cool on the ground when things are hot in the ait. Men Photograph- jc study of P-26A, by Peter Kraus of Buffalo, New York. whose imagination will perfect the wide range of insirue nents that make aviation what it is today, Is a great word, courage, but be sure you have the ight interpretation and then apply it to your own case, We cau’ all be heroes and medal winners, but we can be Ait Adventurers! So, if you are not as yet one of us, clip the coupon he- low, add ten cents and Send them in, T'll do the rest, Your Plight Commander, ALG T.Cunkson, AIR ADVENTURERS’ NEWS. "HE reports continue to roll in and out list of ‘men, Captains, Flight Lieutenants, Engine Mecha ies, Topographers and Photographers coutinues to grow. It is all very encouraging and we of Air Trails are convinced we are at last om the right track, We want fo give you something more than just 2 maga- zine, for we feel we owe you and Aviation more than gratiiude for the way you Have rallied! around aud stayed with us, We sense this great responsibilty and hope we are holding our end up. If not we want you to tell us where we fail. We want sane, constructive criticism as. well as pats on the back, If the magazine lacks any particw lar feature you believe will help you become finer Air Adventurers, we wan We have our problems, of course, as does every pub- lication of this kind, and whenever possible we take time out to explain them, It must he obvious that there can coaly be so many pres to the book and so many subjects to cover, and to use an old printer's chestnut, there is no place for “rubber type” in a publication of this kind, ‘which means we can only put in so many words, so many (Tur te pages?) to know what it is, pictures and so maay drawings. (MEMBERSHIP COUPON) To,thne Flight Commander, Air Adventurers, 75.80 Sevent Avenue, New Yor, N.Y. 1a ineteted in avieion a te face cavelop- ments, Po the best of my ability 1 picdge mye to Support, the prine ples and ideals of ATE ADVEN. TURBRS and wil do all im my power to further te Hance of aviation, Please enroll me as @ member of AIR ADVEN- TURERS and send me my certificate and baage, enclose ten cents to cover postage. Name Address Age ted in model building, bed soe ly hts) i i siti iia Bk atesBill Barnes Takes From across the bleak reaches of the Atlantic came an §.0.S.—In a@ crisis demanding the most of man and machine, Bill frustrates a ruthless plot ly pushed! ack whieh he was sitting -r0om of his bungalow i, got to his feet and moved over to a| window looking the myriad concrete and ia runways that crisserosred the The transverse bands of yellon~ field. and-black pignent painted neros the runways, Uo aid i aghit oF fog lam gieamed in the glare of the moming Te gazed across the field sith eves that were ved and swollen, He did not even see the electrified wire fence that contained burglar alarms in the strat. fegeally placed guard posts, o: the armed guards patrolling theie beats. He didn’t see anything because he was clse to complete exhaustion, He stared, almost stud, as one of lis yellon-and:-black-and-carlet Snorters amie plinmeting down out of nowhere o Gohtail in for a landing. He saw 1. Kinter Hassfurther, betier kuown as Shorly, slide over the side of the for vvand cockpit £0 the conerete. "That iy he saw him, but it dida’t register, “He was too tired even to thnk, Wenrly, he tumed hae: to his desk and the pile of papers on it. He Thad been going al top speed for months past—now hie ovas working on nervous nergy alone, He was aewiny the Tweaking point. He had sapped h serve vitality and hie nerves were betine Bing to sere He started violently as a knook sounded. on his door and Shosty Hass. forther, his chief of stall, pushed it opens Bill turned half around, geunted aud swung. back to is del Shorty's hand-bitten, blue eyes were narronetl as he dropped iato a chair aunt studied Bil’s Igeard face. Te slowly from sie to side lush,” Shorty” said Who's dumb?” “You aro! L've always hind the idea that you were @ reasonably smart boy. But I've changed my mind, No one but halfsvit beats his head against a stone all because it feels so good when h st ten,” Bill said, “when Ewant you opinion and advice TI ask for it. Tn the meantime, please get the hell out of There, I'm busy.” “Yeah,” Shorty said. “And TH be even busier when I'm not only doin that, work you're doing, but spending half my: time running out to some sana- torium to try and eheer you up “Dou't worry about me," Bill growled, “TIL make out,” Sonicboily’s got to worry. about you,” Shorty said. “You don't seem to have enough to wory about The bulles chopped into the duralumin skin of the big ship ond crept forward as the flight-navigator lifted his head— His voice sudde Lisien, Bill, we're all worry you. You've got to lay off fand yet a Fest oF you're going to pieces. ‘This bird who calls himself the Saver of Souls van you ragged for months— while your iegular work piled up. You're human Tike all the rest of us, One of these days you'll begin to see Jittle men ia pink’ pants and. yellow juckets runing around the eeling.. ‘Then it will take you months to get, well instead of the tivo or three wecks? rest yoursel ly grew xyou need now.”Complete Air Novel By George (L. Eaton40 ‘ve fot to get this stuit out of the way first,” Bill suid, Bot his voice Gilat carry convietion. It was the vies of a sau who knows that he can nie longer think straight, “You aren't in any shape to get any Ling out of the way,” Shorty said, his fone soft and soothing now. “I got ing lesson at tht stuff during the Wary Bill, Twas only nineleen years ol then md thought I was tireless—that noth= ing could break me. Tyas with the British and my C. 0, tried to make me take a rest, But I was too smart, I wanted to Keep on knocking down my German every day instead of taking me out to eat an apple, I finally avent to pices and a Heinie nearly shot my. head off. He trimmed my buttons off properly, and T sas in the hospital for tiiree months, I didn't have enough sense to take «rest when T needed it most “thao came thing will happen to Shorty went on, “Something really im= portant will ecme along and you won't be in any shape to handle it. “You'll get your ears pinned back and spexd a few juonths wondering. how it happened.” Bill threw a pencil down om his des nd looked at Shorty out of bloodshot eyes. For an instant he seemed to have ‘move than a little trouble controlling imself, “I am tired,” lie admitted. ined T can’t seem to make any decisions, But who is going to txke ca of this stuff if T don't?” “Now you're talking Tike a sane man,” Shorty said. His round, Pennsylvani Dutch face broke into an encourasing “We can handle things while you ~ Bill, None of this stufl is hall as important 48 it seems to you You'd realize that if you weren't so tied, Ies just ran of the mill stuff. A couple of surveys, requisitions aud or ‘You've lost your perspective as to what is important and what Sent.” Peshaps you're right.” Till suid. fm in a daze, If 1 could only. get some sleep. But T can't eat or sleep. pa Fisten, fellah,” Shorty said. “Vou're some sleep. Red Glenson and Sandy and I decided to take the matter into our own bands. Bey Bales aud Scotty MacCloskey are in 07 it, too. Scotty has « hall dazen grease monkeys ud technicians going over the Taneer right now. He's tuning her up for your indy is going with you.” [rip?” Bil said. To England,” Shosty suid as though hie was speaking about a ride uptown fn the subsway. “We all. know you've been wanting to get over there to cheek up on some of thelr new ships for months, Well, now you're going and Sandy will old down the rear cockpit: fn case you fall alleep on the way over.” “Rivtieulous!” Bil exploded, ‘Xo, it's very logiesl, And right now cing to ‘Another front loomed up ahecd: the instrument panel ‘came a ghostly phos- photescent glow— From you're going to hed. Doc Humphries is ‘coming over here in about ten minutes mad give you something that will quiet you down and make you sleep. If the sveather is right you and Sandy will bop anytime after sun-up in the mori You're going to have « holiday ywhether you like it or nol. So you might as ivell get used to the idea, TF we sew you ‘around here before three weeks are gone ‘welll Uirow you out on your nose.” “Now Fisten, Shorty,” Bill bexan. Tsten, ell! Get out of those clothes! ‘The two fyiple-bladed, aulomatic- pitch props of the Lancer were ticking over slowly when Bill Barnes came out arly the next. morning, ‘The rays of the vising «un played weross te alloy steel and shining dural of the Dig ship and made it appear like a thing alive, His browed face was Hned and hog- gard, but his eyes lit up with pride as they flashed over the Lancer fiom the AIR TRAILS lip of her spinner to the trimming tabs on her rudder. Gathered on the apron were the re maining members of bis famous litle squadron of flserss Shorty Hassfurthes, his chief of staff; the earrot-topped Bric (The Red"), Gleason; the brown-eyed Bostonian with the Harvard accent, Beverly Bates; and the last and young: eat, the irrepressible Sandy Sanders, who ‘rove then all half mad with his thow- and aud one hobbies With then sas hat Iugubrions old Seotsnun, Seotiy MacCloskey, who was Bill's liexd tec fand Ih een 2 British ace before wounds and accidents feapacitated him for sing. He was flottering sround the Lancer like mother dressing her only child for its Srl party. Te inspected the Simm. automatic engine caimon that was built integrally ‘with the motor in the Yee of theRa ae ee a AIR TRAILS ders and fired through the hollow prop shaits. It could pour explosive, incen- diary or armor-piercing shells at the rate of three hundred shots a minute, From troughs along each side of the engine peeped the noses of two 30 aliber guns. The guns were set on cither side of the pilol's seat in the forward cockpit, within easy rexel in case of jams. They were equipped with automatic ammunition counters and engine-driven synchronizing gear. A Gull, burnished-metal, telescopie sight was directly before the pilot's ey At the ends of the silver, all-metal cantilever wings gleamed navigation lights, and underneath the belly, pro- fruding slightly, were the slots contain ing emergency landing flare. ‘The pilot's cockpit, just back of the rearswing spar, contained a complete set of lind-flying instruments, inelud- ing the Kreusishortarave dinvction finder, along with all the other instru ments to be seen in Bill's ships, ‘The-rear cockpit was equipped with @ complete sct of duplicate conteols and navigating instruments and a flexible =80-caliber Browning mounted on a truek the rear of the pit. A sliding inclo- sure of shatter-proof glass covered both cockpits completely, with an arrange went that petmitted the rear section to be telescoped forward out of the gun- nior’s way when in action, Jn the fuselage, immediately behind the rear cockpit, in a locker, was the usual Barnes emergency equipment ine cluding 2 small outboard ainotor, Ao-caliber ‘Thompson subiachine gum, fone Springfield rile with a telescopic sight, anda repeating shotgun, ‘There was also a mattock, a hatchet, a keg of water and emergeney: rations. The radio installation was ensily ace eesible between the cockpits, with uplicate controls on each instrument panel, The headsets were adaptable for tise as intercockpit. phones, ‘The whole world seemed to be alive with thunder as old Scotty gunned the tovin Barnes-Diesels in the nose of the big ship. Then, after checking the infra-red ray telescope that pennitted Bill to see Uurough rain, fog and the dark of night, he cut the throttles and climbed out, his gray head nodding with satisfaction. He was as proud of the Lancer as Bill, “She's sweat, boy,” he said. “She sings a lullaby when you open the throttles.” “See if she can sing Bei Mir Bist Du Schoen, Scotty,” Red Gleason suggested, Some of the acute tenseness seemed to leave Bill Bares’ face as he joined the others laughing at Scolty’s digni- fod diseornfiture, “All right, fella,” Shorty Hassfurther ‘said as he saw Bills glance sweep anx- iouly about, taking ins the hangars, aie plane factory, administeation building, hospital and even the fire house, “Let's see you shove, And don't stick your Thomely mug; around lieve again for three weeks “That's right, boy.” Scotty ssid. ‘We'll take care of things, You'll keep in contact by radio and eable2” “Ty radio and cable,” Bill said. “T gave Tony Lamport instructions’ this morning.” Tony Lanport, a black-eyed, Talian-American, was ehief radio opera: lor and superintendent of communica the forward cockpit, asked, “Where is that Duilding, his white helmet and overall flapping. “1 forgot my autograph ook," tie panted as he scrambled into the after cockpit. “LIL probably have a chance to get some swell signatures England.” “Do you want my autograph before you go, Nimrod?” Shorty yelled. “Sure, mister.” Sandy opened the Tittle black book and thrast it over the side. Shorty looked at im suspiciously, then wrote his name on the page Sandy had designated, Sandy took the book backs tore out the page, folded it and threw it at Shorty. "See if they'll let_ you in. the 00 with it!" he shouted, “Let her ride, Bill” Bill's hand cage above is head in farewell salute as Tony Lamport gave the all-clear signal, He releused his Drakes ad the gleaming, silver ship rolled down the runway. At the center of the ficld, where the runways eon verged, he tapped the rudder to kick it around into the wind and whipped it off the ground with his characteristic touch, The lInnding-gear light on the Instrument pune! gleamed as the am- phibian gear folded completely into the fuselage and wings, and what had been ® sesquiplane became a silver bullet that was a monoplane, ILS, 0, 5, A LITTLE over three hours later Bill shot a “sun sight” as the tip of Cape Race flashed under the wings of the Lancer. He eased back his engines o about sixt ceent throttla ax a twenty ind eae out of the west, Every lialf-hour he had been talking to Tony Lamport on Barnes Field, giv= ing him his position and the weathee 80 that Tony could check it against the forecast, Ab the same time ‘Tony took a radio bearing to erosteheck the “You're going to rin into a couple of high frouts preity quick,” Tony told 41 him as St. Johns faded away behind ‘hem “Okay, Tony,” Bill said, to throw the contzols to isu't asleep. Hell cheel “BBX Signing off.” Tony said. “Want me to take her, Bill?” Sandy asked, “Just a minute” Bill fuel consumption, climbed to. fite thousand fect und increased their speed forty miles an hour to. get maximum efficiency. “You'll get a svind shift be- fore you strike that first cloud wall. hie then said. ‘IF it gels bed wake me up. Lin going to sleep, “Tve got her, Bill. Til take radio bearings if it closes in, Sweet dreams.” An hour later Sandy: stuck the nose of the Lancer into a front, or cloud wall, that rose to twenty thousand feet from the surface of the AUantie. Black rain that was half hail beat down on the overhead hatches, and a sudden gale suatched them, buffeting the Lancer around like w ¢orke on an angry For a moment Sandy: debated about waking Bill; decided agains! is, From the dinls on the instrament panel eame & ghostly phosphorescent glow, He could barely see his navigation lights fac oat on the wing tips, A wrench and a twist dropped the hig ship three hundred feet. Then it glided up an ascending current of air and down again, as though its belly were attached to the rails of w roller coaster. Sandy lipped his radio switch and began to chant Tony Lamport’s call letters into the microphone. The wail Uiat came back to him was like the eerie soreams in a melodramatic movie He closed the key with eyes roving over is instrament panel and coming to rest on his artfieial horizon. His arms ached from trying to keep the big ship steady on hier course. He was fighting 1 eross- wind that made him take his bearings every few minutes ‘The storm had swallowed them up completely, locking them tight in a ‘world that was w ausss of ominous fox and wind and driving rain. ‘The wind was slashing in against the windshi so hard he could not see two feet in front of him. He was flying entively blind aud fighting his eontrols every instant Jn the forward cockpit Bill Barnes was sleeping the deep of a man who Jus left his worries and ervons tension behind him. Not .even the feseful Duffeting the Lancer was taking could disturb him. Almost without notice the Lancer popped out om the other side of the front, and Sandy fomnd that the wind hhad shifted two hundred and forty de- grees. Bul now there sere clear, sunlit skies ahead with an almost ted. visibility, ed their He nosed the Lancer doxn ail ih42 a long power glide, hoping to pick up @ more favorable wind at a lover altitude, Flipping iis radio key, he made contact with Tony Lamport and checked his dead reckoning, navigation iugsinst the Barnes Field radio sta Te was glad that be had not awakened Hill Hut after two bimdred and. eighty niles of sunshine another front Ioomed Tip aliead, Sandy raised the nose again, trying to get above it, but the ominos fff at twelve thousand feet he bey that same desperate fight all over. ‘This time a Tight snow began to calleet on his windshield. ‘Ouce ain bis radio sereamed with: static as Sandy threw the key and tried to make contact with Tony. ‘The after adjusting his volume and wave Tength, he spun the master tuning con- trol and sought to get the Irish radio terminal at Foynes, More angry static vvas the only answer. Suidilenly he leaned forward, tense and ‘eager, as the faint, faraway sound of fa high-pitched, desperate voice came to Tis ears, Peathering. the control, lie strained to hear what the voice was Siving, One time it sounded Tike # general SO. S., but lhe wan't, sure. ‘hen the words, “Transatlantic Airliner Memphis calling... Transatlantic inner Memphis calling... . we are falling they ate pouring in 2 Phen the yoive rose aud faded Away into an eerie. scream us static in= tervened. ‘The pa ns of Sandy's hands were vet They spotted the tanks exploded: Loncer climbed to 450 m.ph— AIR TRAILS. Memphis just os the main The airspeed of the with perspiration, He shouted Bill's hhame into the intercockpit phone, and reached over Ue instrument panc! {0 ‘awaken him with a push on the heat What's the mnatter, kid?” Bill said as Ihe sit up, his eyes only half open. “T think its the ‘Transatlantic’s big ‘ocean aiine: Memphis calling for hi said into the phone, “You'd Jpetter une in and see Hf you eam pick: hier up. ‘There's so. much stat coulli't hear what her radio m: fraying, But she sounded as though she swan distress.” ‘She wus sehediled to leave Foynes his morning,” Bill said, “IUS her first passcugercurying trip after all those test hops. What wave length did you hav Tm around 1480, got her? not sure, Bill, Some place You'll have to tune to Kor the nest fifteen min worked with the radio while fought the Lancer and the weather es. Bill SandyAIR TRAILS “T can't seem to get ber," Bill finally admitted. ‘Then, “Wait a sec! He's coming in but I can't hear what he says.” Quickly he chanted into. the ticrophone: “BB. answering Aicliner Memphis... . BB answering Airliner ‘Memphis, Are you getting me? Are you getting me? Go ahead ahead. BB answering Ai his” The scramble of words that followed was unintelligible to Sandy, beenuse he Was using all his powers of concentra- tion to keep the Lancer on an even keel Dut Bill's expression shorwed that som of the meaning had come through to hin, “Quick, Kid!" he snapped at Sandy after motioning him to throw his radi switeh and use the intercockpit tel “Give me the controls, in trouble, but T can’t make out what Something has happened to Uhem, The He vas sending position. I think T got it. Check out position and check theirs against i” He handed Sandy a piece of paper with the position of the Memphis written on it, “Work fast, kid! It sounds aa hough we are the only ones who picked up their 8. 0. $? Bill poured soup into the mighty power plants ia the nose of the Lancer and himg her on hier props to take her above the storm and head winds she vyas fighting, He tried agnin to pick up the enor- mous aitliner that was on her maiden voyage across the Atlantic with passen- ers. Tut only the sercech of static and complete silence came back to him, M—TRIPLE ATTACK HE GREAT ATRPORT at Bundo- ick Head in the mouth of the Shannon ‘on the east coast of the Irish Free State was a place of indescribable activity on that morning, Everywhere men were in action: engine mechaics, -mackinis traffic men, dispatchers, radio inspet tors, porters, pilots, engineers, naviy tors and officials, A loudspeaker blared from the ad- ministration building of the ‘Trans- aUantic ‘Transport Airways to add to the excitement, “he Airliner Memphis will Teaye on first passengerearrying trip for York City, U.S. A, in Bit Maye all pascengers nd thelr luggage weighed and put aboard? Have al ssengers had their Thgyaye weighed put aboard?” ‘There was intense excitement in the ain. Tk erept under people's skins and brought a flush to their cheeks and sometimes a ripple of aimless, senseless laughter to their lips, The official pas sengers and their friends and farnilies stood gazing Uhrovgh the gates at the enormous monster in the water beside the quay. ‘Tears and langhter inter tes, ee 43 mingled as the sun crept higher and higher into the heavens, ‘The four twin-row, radial, air-cooled Meredith Volean motors increased their crescendo as Flight-Engineer Hawkins spoke over the telephone to the first pilot and to the four men stationed in the engine nacelles, The captain, Arnold Moston, a vet- eran flyer with twenty experience behind him, lips nervously as he went down the gangway from the bridge to the anehor and gear room in the nose of the great forty-f ship for 2 last. inspection, He weed at the mooring post through the open hateh and over the neatly ar sar that was ready. for emergency, then returned to the bridge, Nodding grimly to the first and. second pilots at their posts at the controls he went through the sownd-proofed roo to the navigation and radio room behind it, There the radio officer, fight-uavi- tor and flght-engineer cat at their phones elamped to their ving ouly a few moments to the argo liold, crew's quarters anid hasenge compartment, Captain Morton pro- and dining lounge seven! passengers’ compartments stretching along the leugth of the ship, The furniture was made entirely of duralumin to Keep down its weight, and the windowpanes were of a plast 4 Tighter than glass, The walls were coa4 ered with porous fabrics so that th sound waves would pass through then instead of being deflected. ‘The falties syere colored light green, beige and Hight Vue, aud had the effect of making the compartments spacious and airy with= out Deing too bright in the sunlight above the clouds. Tn the de luxe compartment in the tail of the ship was a cocktail table and Dookease beside a Tong, low cond The ladies’ and men’s washrooms were equipped with leather-covered stools fand bright duralomin fixtures. From the passenger compartments Captain Morton went down into the hhull, where a gasoline pump drove gas from the sponsons up into the wing tanks and engines, and where auxiliary ‘cargo sas stored. A hasty inspection here, and he returned to his office. Sit= fing in the clair behind his desk, he closed his eyes, his lips moving silently. Te was back oat on the bridge as the Vig. siivered-hnll monster cast off and taxied neross the mouth of te Shannon. for a take-off, great geysers of water cascading upward on each side of the Jiull as i ut down into the wind. ‘At precisely the measored time for he hull to Ieave the water, the enor- ‘mous high-wing monoplane zoomed up- ‘yard and took to the air with ils engines bellowing at ninety per-eent throttle Wind ten miles, thirky degrees,” the navigator advised the skipper from his post in the celestial observation turret “Best altitude twelve thousand feet hie said a moment later. yonoplan planes fell into position best transport to escort iL out Lo sea a first pilot ent his throttles to eruising speed. "The figh-enginoer began a check of the engines from his swivel chair in fron ‘of the control board, as the gasolin consimption at take-off was tallied, compasses were chceked and compared fas the flight-navigator took a “sun Sight” to be sure they were true, The neer reported the amount of fael aboard to the captain, and the exp- tain checked thelr progress against the gasoline consumption. Eyery hulfhour the rudio operator tapped out a position report to land stations, while the navigator checked the grouud speed by celestial observa- tion: “Ai the same time the radio operator gota radio bearing from the nearest and station, to cross-chieck the work on ourd the Memphis. In the meantime te shore station had apprised itself of the positions of all surface ships within two lamdred miles of the plane's po tion and root to the skipper a ‘Memphis eould obtal them. Bwery thirty minutes the skipper and ‘and Iiud transmitted it the first pilot relieved exch other at the controls, And the flight-cagineer id his assistant relieved exch other, too, in the regulating of the pumping of fuel from the hull to the wing tanks and making 1p n log by repeated checks on their one Inndred and forty-one in- struments From the skipper doen to the galley stewards, the ship was being mamed ‘vith a precise efficieney that left noth- ing to chance. ‘The men worked silently with a erisp emfidence that conveyed Htself to the passengers. On this maiden trip. those passengers were all officials ‘of tho ‘Transatlantie ‘Transport Airway fund a sprinkling of reporters ands fists, and the twenty-five aboard repre- “Give it to em!” Bill chattering behind to his microphone, — He yanked a a AIR TRAILS the sound when the pilot of that fist ship clamped down on the trip of the two machine guns synchronized throne opeller. He bad aimed at the back of th neck of the flight navigator in his nav gation turret en the roof ofthe fuse: Tage. The bullets chopped into. the duralomin skin of the big ship and crept forward ns the Aight ngvigntor lifted his head ut the sound of the diving motors. He never saw what was behind fand above him hecanse a hail of lead hiearly tore his head from his shoulders. He slumped off his little platforin ond his sextant clattered to the deck, while the bullet line eontinued forward. and tore into the body of the radio operator ring Sandy's swivel gun the control stick beck into his stornach ‘and hung the ship on its props — sented ouly half of the sl "Three homes out, cru thousand feet, the Memphis ran int the first fronts dotting the sir above the Atlantic Uist morning. ‘The big ship flew through the Searcely a tremor to indicate tat it Thad gone from fair weather into foul ‘The passengers were more interested than frightened by Ue fog euriing along the sides and the rainy slashing aguinst the windows. They were airminded and they lad perfeet confidence in Cap- tain Arnold. Morton and his crew. Captain, Moston mehing sandwich jn his Tittle office, when the frat of Use thee dun-colored, low: ‘wing, teardrop biplanes eamne diving cut Of the fog above the giant transport. The roar of tlieir motors eame to the captain's ears faintly and he wns just felting out of Ihis chair to investigate nd the frst pilot, who was at the eou- trols. Ac thot first dun-colored ipl above the nose of the big ship at terific speeil, the second biplane came out of the fog with its guns yammering Tis billets tore into the top of the Memphis a little to the leit of the tra jectory of the first ship, Captain Morten pened his mouth to bellow an foder wwhen those bullets tore into is ack, ‘They slammed him against Frlkiiead where he slumped to the floor, ig arms and legs grotesquely spread. "The assistant radio operator leaped to the Mood-spattered microphone as he saw the elief operator slide out of his chair, He tied desperately to. make teontact with the nearest Tan stations nid ships, but the radio apparatns seemed 10. be smiushed he He hegen to chant incoherentlyAIR TRAILS mouthpiece, sending out a general call for help. No specific station answered, lim, but he kept giving the position of the Memphis and trying to tell what was happening, although he did not now. A stoward had been a tray, of food from the galley to the dining saloon when that first long burst of fire drove into the body of the Before the second pilot hac! controls, the big ship lurched and the steward landed in the lap of one of the vice-presidents of Transat port Airway ‘The next instant the passengers went mad. ‘The third dun biplane had dived in below the tip of the port wing and was spraying the middle deck that eom- tained the passenger compartments vith a withering fire of lead, One moment the guests were chatting gayly, the next dead. masks. and : of death, ‘They bellowed and sereamed like caged, angry: animals, while the sec ‘ond pilot fonght the controls and tied to right the ship, After a bit the Memphis plinged ot of the wall of fog that hind encompassed The thiee dun biplanes climbed hove it and drove incendiary huillets into the wing tanks. A tank exploded fand the whole ship was engulfed in a ‘grea mass of smoke, out of which « Biaal tongue of flame leaped upward ‘Then one of the biplanes was diving underneath the Memphis, firing round after round of incendiary bullets at the sponsons containing the main gasoline supply. For some reason this attack failed to bring about. the intended holo- ‘aust, and the pilot ereled and returned for another try. ildenly, rivers of flame seemed to pour out of the big aislines from wing. tip to wing tip and down the length of Ue entire hull. Tt became a fiery fare race of exploding tanks and twisted, whiteshot metal struts as it plummeted to its death iu the calm Atlantic, IV—TELLTALE MANEUYER BILL BARNES watched the instru ight panel as he held the to the vain and fog and tried to climb sbove th He could not tell from the garbled ‘message from the Memphis’ radio opera- {or exactly what was happening, but he knew the ship was in imminent danger. He essed his Uottles open until the Lancer was racing through the storm at nearly four hundzed miles an hous, And it took all the strength in hi powerful aris aud shoulders to hold her fon her course. “Fasten your safety belt and adjust your parachute, kid,” he said into the ieleplioue to Sandy, But Sandy iad ‘wlreacy done that, eee He gasped, “Wonder how bad it is Bile" 3 telling,” Bill said, “We ought fo be coming up alongside thers pronto if that position was correct.” ‘Then the Luncer sped ont of that dense fog, and they were out in the open with the sun shining brightly in the blue sky above them and the Atin- rill pond far below. away and far below spotted the Memphis just as the main supply tanks exploded. A. string ‘of curses Ieaped to Bill's lips as he saw Dutsts of fire coming from the three dun biplanes durting in and out around the ainlinet. He opened tho throttles of the Lancer wide, saw the airspeed indieator climb to four hundied and fifty miles hour. Nursing his machine-gun trip, fired a short burst to be sure his uns were ready, “What's happening, Bill?” Sandy anted into his microphone a3 they sew the Memphis hecome a great hall of stnoke and flame aud start her plunge toward the sea, “Break out that swivel gun!” Bill aid, “Those three biplanes have murdered ‘the Mempliis and all her ereve and pas: ers, ‘They'll come after us now be- ease we saw them.” He nosed the Lancer down, pointing it at the flaming mass ahead, hoping hope that there might, be some survivors, though realizing in his heart that no oue eculd survive that flaming hall. He eased out of his dive as what remained of the Memphis. struck the surface of the water. One final explo- sion occurred, followed by a half dozen ‘ones, and then the skeleton of iant ship plunged to its last resting place, Bill circled tow above the great o spots spreading over the to locate a possible survivor. But there was none. He was placing his biaocue Tass buck in a pocket hen the sound of screaming props struck terror through is whole being. For sat motionless, Then his « sky above him as Sandy shouted, “They're diving on us, Bill!” ‘The three fast, tear-drop biplanes were converging on them from three sides! ‘They were only three hundred yards above him ani traveling at terrife speed. He yanked the control eolimn of the Taner back into his stomach and hung it on its props. The three living ships were easing ont of their dive to come up underneath him as he poured juice into the engines of the Lancer and (ook it upstairs, “Give ‘om hl imierophone, his chattering behind him. He leveled off 2 thousand feet above the three biplanes and came around in a vertical bank as they nosed up to form 2 Vee. His finger hovered over tnee, trying. Kid!” Bill said into his indy’s swivel gun ‘45 the electric trip of the Stmm, eamnon, Suddenly, he opened up the throttles ‘of the Lancer for a moment anc. went up and buck in a flashing Tamele tum as the three biplanes leveled off, ‘They were eoming at him head-on nove. When they were four bundsed yards away they opened fire with their six ‘machine guns. ‘The concentrated fie vas terrific, Bill skidded the Lancer ont of range and eased back on the stick as the three ships passed by him, As he saw their rudders bite into the aie to retum to the attack, he yanked the stick back and came up and over on his buck just as thes begun their tum. At the top of hie loop he neutralized his controls for a moineut, then eased the nase down in a steep inverted dive, He got the first of the three ships under his hie sights for one brief in- stant, His ‘rip of his 87mm, cannon, ficer threw five high-explosive sills within the space of a second, hut Bill's speed wus too great anil his dive too steep for accurate shooting. Between the time he had the ship under his sights and when he tripped his trigge the litle fighter had passed ont of his range of fire, Bill entsed, leveled off and halfrolled the Lancer upright. ‘The single seaters were eoming around on one wing tip, lie lifted the nose for altitude, “He knew lie could get away from them it he ‘wanted to, but the thought of the whole sale amurder he had seen thers perpetrate Tad enraged him almost beyond reason, He know he should broadeast what he had witnessed, but something held him backs, something he did not understand, Why,” he asked himself ashe spiraled upward, “did they doit? What is behind it?” Tiis hand started forward toward his radio switel, to open it ancl tell the ratio station at Foynes what liad hap pened and usk them to send him aid, But something stopped him. Suppos hhe thought, T lure these three ships toward shore to mect planes that are sent ont to help me, and in the mixup that follows they escape; then they will never get what is coming to them, ‘They may escape entire Ho was trying to justify his desire to sive haitle when he became aware of @ screaming prop that roared ‘under neath him, He rolled the Lancer com= pletely over and whipped it up and around to reverse his dizeetion, He dropped the nuse and poured a burst of ten shells at the little dun-colored ship arrowing up at him. But again his aim was bad and the little ship Kicked its the air and dived ont of danger. “You don't have to make any decie sion,” he said to himsolf. “Hf they want trouble give it to ‘em!" ‘The rapid- AO iat tisHe gunned his engine and dived on the tail of the singleseater. His Tine of tracer smoke curled above the head of the pilot. “He eased his stick forward f Title and his bullets crashed into the tail assembly and climbed forwasd along the fuselage to the engine block. A half-dozen of those powerful 50- caliber ballets nearly tore off the pilot's head. He slumped forvard over the stick, while the ship kept straight on toward the waters of the AUantic. And then the air seemed to be choked with slashing, roaring duu-colored bi planes as the other two fighters came back into the battle. Dill realized i stantly that these fellows knew their jobs as combat pilots. They were like darting hawks x8 they converged their fire to get Bill between them. They were everywhere, charging in from all les, their guns screnming lead. Will's mind and muscles had to eo ordinate with the speed of Tight if he ‘were to survive that Lerrife onslaught, He ensed the throttles of the Tancer ‘open another notch and took it throth the sir with the speed and fury of a flamning meteor. He say his bullets trace fag designs on the sides of the dun biplanes, but his own speed was too reat for accurate shooting. He felt the Lancer buek and shiver as bullets drove into it from Uiat never- ceasing hail of lead, But he fought on While he gasped for breath, his face tense and terrible in its absolute con- centration on the horrible job before im, He whipped the Lancer up and down, skidded and sde-sipped, zoomed ‘and dived and rolled to avoid the fire of those twoafast fighters. He knew, ‘uly too well, single error in judgment would be his last. could hear Sandy's gun chattering at intervals as he drove them off his tail and he could hear Sandy compli ingen his ear that he, Bill, never gave him a chance to get in a telling shot. “Can't you level off and give me a straight dliot at ‘em once!” Sandy pleaded. T can't, Kid,” Bill gasped. “They ‘are almost as fist as we are and they have as much maneuverabil give ‘em a chance to get set or they'll ‘They'll smash you into bits if gel us, T do Then the two ships got lim inside # tight cirele that he could not break: Each time he ted to break outa terrific Durst of fire would cut ueross his path, Torcing him to deviate from his course and. then they swould be on him again, forcing kim hack s0 that one of them ‘coud got him under his sights. Bullets drummed all around them and Bills breath was coming in quick, fagonized gasps. His right hand seemed {o be frozen to the control column, so Light was his grasp. He was using alll his inherent genius as a flyer, getting the ulmost from the Loncer’s great speed and maneuverability, while Sandy desperately tried to keep the enemy off tHheie tal "Then the two ships began to tigh the cirele again, thelr guns spewing fire and lead and death. Bill waited tuntil they almost had “him between a crossfire. He waited until one of the biplanes became overeonfident.. Then, for that moment that is enough, he got the don ship ui der his sights, His finger clamped down on his Stmm, gun. He fired a Durst of five shots as he pushed the Urottle of the Lancer wide open and nosed down in a power dive. "The dun biplane beeame a great mass fof Black smoke and orange flame, the ale caeAIR TRAILS The three fast, tear-drop biplanes were converging on them from all sides—— They were easing out from their dives when ho poured juice into the explosive shells taking it apart with a finality that wns appalling, ‘The other dun ship zoomed upward to eseape the shooting débris as it exploded. Till looked back and up as he pulled the Lancer out of its dive, ‘The remnin- ing biplane was diving on their t and Sandy tried to get him under the sights of his gun. As Bill began a tight tum to the right, the other ship went tmdecneath him ‘and nosed up. eight humdred yards away. Then they were routing toward each other head-on, each slriving to find the other under his sights, ‘When only fifty yards separnted them, the pilot of the single-seater suddenly swerved it in fast to the left for a death-dealing Wurst of fire just before they passed. Bill shouted, involuntar- then Unrew the Lancer out of its mad path to avoid the crash that for fn instant seemed inevitable Bill yanked Duck on his stick and zoomed the Laneer up and over on its back, while the biplane continued on its course. At the top he halfrolled level and guzed over the side. His face was white and his eyes were wide with dis- Delief as ho watehed the dun ship flip over and come back, He eouldn't bee lieve what he had just seea and yet he knew it was tre, 47 ein contact vith only one man during all his aerial combats who used that parti swerve in to the left before he tripped his guns. And that man was his most deadly enemy. Yanking hack on the contro! column, Bill took the Lancer high into the heavens as the teardrop biplane tried to come up beneath im, He wanted to get some place where he could think. He took the Lancer stend- ily upward until his altimeter read 25,000 fect, “Hey, Bill!” Suudy shouted. “Where » the—whiere are you going? That other ship can't got up here, He's wallowe ing!” ST know it, id,” Bill said calmly, “Close your hatch and turn on the oxygen. I don't want him to get up sii iil i tailed ane it ke48 Tiere, I dou't want to shoot him down. T want to follow him and take i alive.” “Who is he?” Sandy asked. Tis ‘voice was a combination of anger and Hfiseust because they were peeling off in the middle of a fight. “Hees our old friend” BIN said. “And f coineidence that is stranger than fiction he had another chance to try to murder me,” ‘Through Bill's mind were racing a thousand and one thoughts, Only his ‘own loyal mew new Uiat he seas flying the Atlantic that morning. Tt had been his men who had urged him to do it, even insisted. Had one or more of them betrayed him—got him out where he would be at the mercy of the man ‘sho listed him above all else? “Who is hie?” Sandy persisted. “The man who ells himself te Saver of Souls.” Bill said. “I didn’t recognize his tactics until he eame at me with that averve, head-on.” And Bill was aware that his vole was unsteady and trembling, He watched the dum biplane slip down in & power glide, then dropped the nose ff the Lacer to follow it “And this." he said grimly to himself, 4s the beginning of my holiday!” V—"HE MUST BE SILENCED!" MORDECAI MURPRY, the man svho lied led that litle clement of three can-colored biplines on their murderous flight over the AUantie that moming, sank into an overstsfed leather chair in the lomging saloon of bis hundred-and- eighty-foot, oil-burning yacht Haman, as it moved sifently ont into the Irish a fom the Isle of Man. Riding low in the water, the Haman ‘was as spiel anid span und Wim as the ‘man who owned her. She was passing the tip of Langness, that narrow strip of lund, jutting into the sea, whi divides ‘Castletown Bay from Desby Haven, the sixport, before Mordec Murpliy came out of is reverie and spake to the florid-faced Wetherb Dimean, who was his companion “Twill fell you what happened nov,” Mordecai Murphy said in his pleasant, cool way. ‘Em sorry 1 was s0 abrupl svhen Teame aboard, But 1 was in no. mood to talk, I hadn't got over the amazing thing that happened to me to- day—the most amazing coincidence that hhas ever occurred 40 me. No fiction ssriter would dare to use it in a story “You destroyed the Memphis?” Dun- can asked in a low voice “We destroyed the Memphi “Where Chamberlain are and Lorenzo?” Duncan asked. “Dead,” Murphy said, were as hard and his eyes id beittle as two pieces 1e 20 many bloody Tm trying to figure how, o» why Barnes Happened to be ou there” Barnes?” Duncan asked “T told you something about my pre- vious encounters with Bill Barnes, the American,” Murphy stated Duncan nodded, ive” Murphy continued, "{ told you how I set ‘a tap for Bares over the Great Smoky. ‘Mountains in North, Carolina’ “Yes,” Donean sai. ‘Did I tell you that the man who Jared Bares down there where 1 could get an unliampered shot at him was fa stock broker in New York who told Baunes he knew a man down there who. owned block of Transatlantic ‘Trans- port stock?” Murphy asked. D rou didn’t tell said Murphy, “is the wey ‘Transitluntic came to my. attention. Barnes didn’t got the stock because my agent shot himself the same day Barnes ‘and I had our encounter’ “And Barnes eame out on top?” Dune ean said, and immediately regretted hhuving said it beeause of the deep colo hat suffused Murphy’s face, and be- cause of the way his eyes froze. “Hut later on,” Murphy said, “Bames ot hold of a large block of it, Almost enough for control, I happen to know tat he is having quite a task carrying it, That is one reason why Twas to listen when you came to our proposition to make Transat ‘Transport look bad so that you could build up confidence in our own. line International Airways. T knew T would be killing two birds with one stone in destroying the Memphis.” “You seid Barnes was out there today?” Duncan said. did.” There were two Tittle ereases between Murpliy’s worried eyes, and his mouth was straight Tine across his strong jaws “We dove on the Memphi ni Ther swith incendiary bullets,” he went on after @ mo she was falling jn flames when Barnes suddenly ap- peared out of novliere, I don’t think he could have received a call for help from the Memphis herself because I studied her layout so carefully that I fam sure I got the radio apparatus a the operator on my first dive. But there he was, He eame down in a long power dive and circled sbove the Mem- pis as she struck the water. He was, probably, hoping to find some sure “Were tere any’ ot a on |. and there yas to trace of regeet in his expression, Rather it was one of elation. And then?” Dunean ssid in his mad deningly cool way. ‘He was too much for us.” Murphy said, “That man is without a doubt asked, a a AIR TRAILS he greatest erial fighter who eves lived, He iy astonishing:and he hins the ck of —” “Plis record doesn't sound as though there was any Tuck about it,” Duncan suid, “How did it happen he diffi get “T don't know,” Murphy sald frankly SL leaned my: lesson in tyvo encounters swith him, No. one can stand against Tim in the air, That is why I decided to Teave him alone, at least in the air There must be an clement of Ick about it.” “He shot down Lorenzo?” “He tore them and thelr ships to hits with his $7mm. eannon,” Murphy suid. He wet his dry lips with his tongue. ST yas nest.” You're here, Chamberlain and Duncan said, a smile tor in. the sir now. ways be, My day will come. . He eame at me head-on, and T used a trick T learned from diving faleons. T have a room in. my New York apart ment: where T train and wateh them at- tack their prey, While I was getting ready for that combat with Barnes 1 Tearned that just before they stike thei prey, after their dive with their wings ide ad their talons spread, they swerve in to add foree to ther strike [practiced the trick, keeping my ship out of line of fire of my opponent hint just before we pass, when I swerve fn to the left with my guns firing At the Iast moment I zeom above him and. tien straighten out.” "You used that trick on Barnes over North Carolina?" Duncan aske “Yes, and T used it again today! ‘Then what happene “Barnes hung his ship on its props took it upstairs,” Murphy sai “So far upstairs I couldn't follow him: T began to wallow at 25,000 fect and 1 idi't linwe any oxygen £0 I startell for the Trish const.” With Burnes following you?” ‘Yes, but T lost him in a wall of fog, just before struck the coast. Te vv fortunate it was there or everything. right have been different.” Yes,” Duncan sti probly, not he here, Barnes must have recognized that faleon trick and lentified you, Either that or he didn't vvant to Kill you because he wanted to Know who you were. It might be either ‘one, Does he know who you are?" “He knows me only Soils,” Murphy said. “He has tried to find out sho Lam before. ‘That is w Teele o eve Ma alone oe a ile. T was afraid he would lear. What did you do with the fighte: you were fing after you landed?” His eyes were worried ‘ou would, ws the Saver of Dunean askedAIR TRAILS now. As the liead of Interational Air- ways, a competitor of Transatlantic Transport in the flying of passengers anu cargo from Europe to th Ihe could st efford to he mixed up in fany wap with the villainous plot he had brought to Mordecai Murphy to ex- cute, Like a host of other men all over the world, he was indebted to Mordecai Murphys the man who called himself the Saver of Souls. And like those othezmen whom Murphy had snatched ‘out SF jails and dungeons and the jaws of death, Wetherby Duncan had learned that Murphy did not do his saving for One of the tecr-drop biplanes — fumanitarian reasons, Instead, lie had learned, Murphy bad saved him, a8 well as all the rest, fo serve in his astounding. nll of evil “L did what T had plumed doing with all three ships,” Murphy said.“ Dailed out after I had locked the con- trols so tat it would dive inte the Trish Sex off Maughold Head, Sneed ‘was writing there in. @ car to bring me doxsn to Castletow “You're sure you lost Bares?” asked ausioily ‘Cextain,” Murphy said, “But how did he happen to be there? If he h heen engaged to convoy the Meniphis across the Atlantic we never would have at it, He would hive been io we could fi n. There Js a chance that he just happened to be flying above the North Atlantic. and picked up an S. 0, 8. from the Men phi But if he did that why didn't the shore stations get it? The ‘only worl that has come out about the Memphis up to now is that the land stations suddenly Tost contact with Ii After so many hours destrovers and planes were sent out to look for her, bout the theury: is that for some rensons Ther radios weut bad.” “They'll know better after Bares talks." Duncan sai. Murphy eaned over snd snapped a button on a sinall radio that was built into a hookease. He titled the dials for a moment as he looked at the wateh on his wrist jerrupt our program,” a voice said through the loudspeaker, “to bring Dune. you further news about ‘Memphis of the Transatlan Airways Ut left Ireland this morning fon its maiden: vovaye with passengers and cargo. ‘The planes t searching for her had to return to their bases when night overtook them, But aa half-dozen destroyers and other ships that were it the vieinity of the position she was last heard from are speeding toward the spot. Tt is still hoped that only her wireless has gone out of order and that she is eontinning on her jour= ney to New York, although eaptains of ships along her route say she has not above them, OF course, she may be fiying high to avoid the arens of fo that are forecast along her regular course. We will bring you further news about he Memphis as soon as il is re= pissed Murphy clicked off the radio and a Tittle smile curled the comers of mouth, “Thee'll have to doa lot of searching,” he stid. “A few things that ‘wouldn't sink may have eseaped the Dut not many. ‘They'll find patches of cil and come to the conclusion, that something caused an explosion and that she yas lost with all hinds aboard.” ‘Until Barnes talks,” Duncan said dryly. ‘But he hase't talked yet,” Mordecai Murphy said. “And T don think he fever will. Te doesn't lke publeity aad Ihe works as a lone wolf great deal of the time. Te enly has fone flyers work ing with him singe Hawkins and Hen derson vere killed, “You see, he bas pretty big interest in Transatlantic ‘Transport himself. If the stock begins of the lose of the is It Hs going to hust him, Tle ‘vill have enoueh sence not to tale nti Iie has proof of his story. He knows his story will be discredited because he is a large stockholder in, Transat He knows the newspapers ould Inagh A him if he said that he just heppened to be fying the Atlantic and sae the ship shot down in flames. A thing like Ut could Iaappen only Barnes. But prople would unless he has eoncisive pro. she isn't talking yet.” ‘Bat he will alk," Duncan said, “It hie recoigieed vou by that flying tric. you spoke of they'll comb the earth for ‘you atid they'lfnd you. This isn't an Htule personal ht between you and Barnes, Its an intersational incident. Ts like those mysterious submarines that were sinking shipping in the Me teeranean that aroused the whole world anil brought half the sea power of the world there. You don't seem to realize Uhat itis @ big incident. -It—" ‘Sh—" Murphy sai, extending the palm of one hand outward. “You tale 20 damned much, Dunean, T teld you T did not believe Barnes would ever tall TI tell you why: T have a dozen Ag Is waiting to inform me where ager Barnes has landed, in hoth Treland ancl England. Sneed, ‘my secretary, made contact with tHem 4s soon as I landed this aftenoon and gave instructions, Tam expecting to have word from one of them at any. minute. When I Know where Burnes is T will take steps inumediately to seal Barnes’ lips forever T would rather do it myself, in the air But that is not feasible now. I'm not asleep, Duncan. I have never been caught napping. If I had been I would be dead or in jail, And,” he added as an afterthought, “so would you. Duncan's face became even more florid Uiun it had been and it took no Tittke eflort for him to hold back the words that sprang to his lips “I see," he said finally. “Weill both hang if sou don't succeed, He has got to be silenced.” “He will be sileueod. And Intema- tional Airways will have the bulk of the i ‘Transatlantic will never hle to recover from the blow. That was cur idea,” Duncan said quietly. He got to his feet, erossed the lounge and picked a book up from x table, He turned the pages. until he ame to the place where he had stopped reading and sat down aguin under a light. “But he did not rend, His eyes kept straying fiom the words before him to the face of Mordecai Murphy, and he could aiot help thinking Uhat Murphy was a most sonuaing man, ‘The world new that Mordecai Murphy was parulox. ‘The people wlio kuew Mim Knew thst one moment hie could be a person of rollicking good nor who bellowed peals of heasty ter, and the next he could freeze them and make them feel as though they had ice water cceeping up their spin No one knes antecedents, ansthing about his Vis enormons wealth wus posed to have come from South American oil and emeralds, He was stid to have a finger in affaiss in ever part of the world, But uo one knew which finger or whieh part of the world. He had been decorated by three nations during the War for his air feats, Te stas Known that he made his home aboard the Haman when he was nol visiting fone of his half-dozen homes scattered around the globe. Many items appeared about him in the ress. But never any= thing definite, He was truly mun of mystery We traded in men, making them his tools, His files were Glled with dossiers ‘on y Jong string of men whose destiny he once eld in Uie palm of his hand. Men he iad saved irom paying the penalty of their erimes, Men who had promised him great promises in return for his seeming acts of eharity: and kind ness. To them he had been the gx emancipator. The Saver of Souls,50 But_most_of them knew now that lie had saved therm that he might forex them to help him with his nefarious enterprises VI-BOUND FOR CROYDON AS BILL took « position eight thot sand feet above and behind the dun tolored amphibian he tried to piece her some of the stariling facts that e racing through his mind. When he thought back to the two encounters he had had with the man who ealled himself the Saver of Souls, he remembered that his tacties and strategy in combat were identical with the tacties of the pilot below lin. the ‘There could be no doubt he wa Saver of Souls, the culprit who plotted on two occasions to. murd him, But why hud he led those other two lanes in the destruction of the Men this? “Had he, in some mysterious mnan- ex, been instrumental in arranging things s0 that he could get another chance at Bill far out over the lonely ‘Atlitic? Had he thought that with the aid of the two other planes he syould he successful? Did the fact that Bill owned a large block of Transatlan- tic stock have anything to do with the set-up? Had hie in some way been able to influence Bill's men on Barnes Field 0 that they sent him out to be mur- ered without knowing what they had All these possibilities fitted through Bill's mind, but he could not fit them together. The thing didn’t make sense. Hie had anticipated making contact with the ‘Transatlantic Aiviner Memphis a little later in the day, but no one exeapt himself knew that. He remembered that hie had mentioned something of the sort to Scotty MacCloskey. But Scotty AIR TRAILS The crash was lite @ mighty clop of thunder— For one terrible moment they hung together, then fell away— lunda’t paid any sttention and the sub- ject wns dropped. While he tried to. straighten the indy interrupted him twice, The was told, uncoremoni ~ 40 “Shut up!” Now Sandy could Tit no longer “Hey, Billl" he suid, “I think you're right about that being the Saver of Souls. You know he jumped me over Chesapeake Bay. T remember that swerve in to the Ieft just before he tripped his guns, He was eon fon my stasbourd side, out of my gms, Just before we Kicked his ship around so that his bul- lets would sh He underestimated. bi would have knocked my head off hie zoomed as T tues m “That's right,” Bill sai Tut. T don't understand what th all about, Bill. I can’t put it to- gethor. What— “Listen, kid” Bi me any. questions moze about it than yt Tin going to stay on out.” “You want to be careful he doesn't ead us into a trap,” Sandy advised with said. “Don't ask T don't know aay That's wh tail and fiud all the wisdom of his seventeen years aid, “while “TM watch thal,” Billere AIR TRAILS {you see if you can piek up ‘Tony Lam- port on the rei, Sandy worked with painstaking eare while Bill held the Laneer on the tail of that dun-eclored ship. He tried to ict Tony on both of their secret wave Tans ut success, Kinally he of range, Bill” he re- ported At the same time Bill became aware ‘of the cloud wall ahead. Ab frst it was almost imperceptible. But as they neared the Trish coast the little at plibian ahead heeame a mere dot the damp, swirling fog that engulfed it. Bill tried desperately to stay on its tail, hoping the front would break be- fore he lost it entirely. He plinged the Taneer inte it, holding the same airspeed and course, flying entirely blind. When he eame ont on the other side the dus-colored ship had disap- eared, He cursed softly as he reached for the master tuning control on his radio panel and picked up the radio operator Foynes, near the mouth of the Shan- non. He got the direction anid foree of the wind and learned that he would have unlimited ceiling. Forty-three minutes later Ine took the Lancer into the Trish air terminal for a workmanlike landing. ‘The manager of the terminal and the superintendent of operations met him on the apron. Bebind them were a. score of “tin knockers." mechanics, grease monkeys and inspectors. were there to get their first glimn Fill Bares and his famous Lancer, He killed his power pla avoid injuring them as they swarmes toward him. He woited until the man- ager lad cleared a vay for them, then Tie and Sandy dropped over the side, the manager's offi Bill tried to keep the excitement out of his voice 4s he casually asked about the Mem- his, A wor “expression fastened. itselt thought perhaps you'd have some word bout her. I thought you might. have picked her up on your radio out over the Atlantic,” “What's the maiter?” Bill asked, quickly, to forestall a possible question Iie didh’t want to answer, “We don’t know,” the manager said. When she was three hours out we sude dlenly lost contact with her, She re- ported she was making good progress {rough a fog area. After that there was silence, We have made contact with steamers in her arca but they haven't been able to give us any ine formation, Unless something vent ‘wrong with her motors she may be on the way nck here. We're going to Ichour before we send ‘out an alarm, ‘Tt may be only her wi less that is out of order. We expect to hear from her at any time. But we can't help worrying. You must be worrying about ber, too, being a large stockholder in Transatlantic.” “Tam,” Bill said, “I wonder if it is possible for me to get a telephone call through to the Duke of Malbury at Ara Castle in “Malthrop, Eng- ha ve can try,” the manager said, reaching for the’ telephone, “Vl start four operator working on it, You unt to spenk to the Duke of Malbury per- sonally?” That's right. Have them try to locate him if he isn't at Armivay Bill Kept up a const verention while he waited for his connection to be made. He avoided answering direct about the Memphis-a hall- ies. He didn't want to tell dozen ti this man about the things he hid seen Deeause he didn’t know how the other would handle the situation. Bill real- ized he must get to the foundation of the thing and find the men. who were responsible for the destruction of the Memphis if he was to save ‘Transat antic Transport. He knew it would be the denth of the line if he could not tell the story and-then prove it, He remembered quite distinetly how & ban Thad been put on the ships of a certain company after eeveral unexplained mis aps. ‘The company liad disappeared ito oblivion. And there was nothing could do for the Memphis, her pase sengers or erew. They were beyond help. He started nervously as a telephone Dell elanged, ‘Here's your party, Barnes,” the manager said. “They Tocated him in Loudon.” Bill's Hands were shaking as he took the instrament, “Hello, Mace,” he said into the mouthpiece to Norman Edward Chatagnier Eliott Mace, the seventh Duke of Malbury, whom’ he had saved ing in ey of the Tombs of the Kings in Egypt “Are you there, Burnes?" Norman ‘Muce answered with his precise British accent. “This is delightful.” fo, it isn't" Bill suid, hoping Mace sould get the idea. “T'm at Foynes on the Trish coast, as you know. I'm going to hiop to Crayeon within a few mi tutes. Can you meet me there?” “Tsay, Barnes, what's up?” the Duke of Malbiry asked, you T sce you at Croydon in—about an hour and a half, Right?” Bill sai ight,” Mace repeated. “Ml be e, Bares, And I repeat il will be Aslightiul. Cheerio.” Bill put the instrument in its eradle and immediately heyan a great fuss andl 51 hustle about getting away. He didn't ‘want to be asked any more questions As hie took the Lancer into the 8 man who was a. visitor to the ait terminal approached the marager on the apron. He was a small man with an olive skin sad dark eyes. He might Ihave been a native of any one of sev- eral countries of southe “Wasnt that that 8 Barnes?” he asked the cellent English “That's right,” the manager said, sd- miration shining in his eyes “Bill Barnes.” “That is a great ship he has there What is he doing over here?” the small man asked, “T dox't know" the manager a swered. “He's on his way to Croydon. He looked down at the Tittle man as Bill's ship became a meze speck in the air to the cast. “Why?” he added, ‘The small man shrurgeed bis shoulders with a true Latin gesture and moved manager in ex. VI-SPY SYSTEM LONDON was a great mass of blinved lights through the fog hanging over it as Bill eut south to pick up the steady beacons of Croydon, He eitcled the great airport twige as he received landing instructions from the radio eon: trol tower, then took the big ship in ith « precision landing that was el acteristic of him, He climbed out and saw the lea tanned face of the man he had first Kown in Jogam as Colonel Mace, and Tater in Egypt as the Duke of Malbiiry coming toward him. He noticed that is hair was a tifle whiter and his mil tary mustache more closely"elipped than the Inst time he had seen him, And then they were shaking hiands. ‘The were genuiuely glad to see one another When Malbury had finished with Bil hhe turned his attentions to the grinning Sandy. “Are you still reading those backs hat texch you how to be the mater of your fate?” the Duke of Malbury asked Sandy. “No,” Bill said, now. AL the mos autographs, You “Thanks for breal ping the little Teat ‘of an overall pocke tumed overt) “He has u new one sat he's collecting hear about it." a pen- ‘Just sign it there,” ‘The Duke of Malbury wrote his name and chuckled, “You sti *Can you’ arrange things so that hey'll put the Lancer under Jock and ey for me here?” Bill asked him, “Easily.” the duke said. “T have a motor here. We'll oll dossn to London. Tin anxions to hear your story. Know: ing you, I know it won't be prosaic.”32 A short time Inter the three of them. were settled in Malbury’s chauffeur- ‘riven Sunbeam Jandaulet. “Youd better plug up that speaking Lube co your chauffeur won't hear us,” Bil said when Malbury asked him a question, “Righto”” Malbury stuck a hand- ikerchief into the mouthpiece. ‘Then Bill unfolded the things that ad occurred to him during the past fiventy-four hours, interspersing them with an account of the man he ealled the Saver of Souls "hey were deep into the heart of the ggeat city of London before Bill had finished. Malbury had only interrupted ‘a half-dozen times to ask questions, Now, his breath exhaled through his Tips ina long, low whistle, His eyes ‘were halfclosed ax he shook his head slowly from side to sie. “A tale L would not believe if it Thada’t come from you, Barnes,” he sai. A most incredible thing “It is” Bill said. “L wouldn't believe it if it hadn't happened to me. ‘The thing is, where shall we start to find this man? He must be somewhere the British Isles, You know the ropes. You know who to go to to start such search, The man must have a vast ‘amount of money. You wouldn't hut for him in the places you would ook for the average dangerous character. Eyery possible landing place in Trcland fand England must be checked to gel trace of those dun-colored biplanes.” “We'll have to know eversthing be- fore we release the facts,” Malbury said. "Thaye a fiend, a pal, Lord Hereburn he's the man to go to. We must start the ball rolling from the top. He is high up. AMl the machinery of the Thome office will begin to click if he gives the word, An ant couldn't get out of England then if they didn’t want it to." “Where can we find him?" Bill asked. “Rasy does it, my hoy,” Malbury said, “LL have to locate him and talle to lim alone first. He isn’t the kind you can walk in on. You said you were to the Hotel Cecil? You're sure you wouldn't Iike me to put you up at fone of my clubs “No,” Till ssid. “I prefer to go to ‘the Cecil until this thing is over. Then, T would like to spend a few days with you at runny. This,” he adiled bit- terly, “is supposed to be a holiday for “You.” Malbury sid, “Well rest up out at the old pile of rocks when w get this thing straightened out, Yl ‘trop you at the Cecil and start m: Hercburn, I may reach him Immediately, or it may be morning be- fore I find him. You look as though you needed rest. You'd better get it how beeause there is nothing you can flo, We'll have the jolly old bal rolling svhen you wake up.” a ‘Malbury’s chauffeur helped them into the lobby of the Cecil with the luggage ey, ad browght with tem. “Ell ring yeu sometime tonight or the first thing is the morning,” Malbury sic as he turacd away. “Right,” Bul sid, “II be ausious {o liear from you. His eyes were two bright conls and his face was Tined and haggard. Rene- tion had set in and he was tired as he could never remember being before. ‘Thay were assigned two rooms with a bath between them in a quiet spot on the third floor of te enormous hostelry Bill picked up Ue telephone in his room fand asked for a waiter with a menu, SL suppose we've got to eat some- thing” he said to Sandy. “Eat somothing?” Sandy said. “Say, if I don’t get some food pretty quick something serious is going to happen. Tm famished, I haven't had any! to ent sinae we left: Barnes Field Wetherby Dunean. “Who ate all Ghose eleken sande wvickes you brought slong—your anto- Tate plot?” Bill ase in disgust *T ate them," Sandy said, “But there vweve only iwelve of them." Bill ordered a Hight meal for himselt and. then tumed the menu over to Sandy, He got a bath while Sandy was ordering because even the mention of food: made him a Title sid, When ie food seas brought Bill coukda't help noticing the way the svaiters eyes roved over the room and their posessions, When the man Drrushed agninst him and tet his hand fick across the two patch pockets ia lis dresing gown, be know he wns tey= fing to find out if they sere armed. “The Saver of Souls knows how to hhandle is cutthroat business” he said tobimelf, “He is probably going eras heeanse I stuck my nose in his Tittle seheme.” After they Thad fnished cating. Bill id to Sandy, “Vou hop in there aud tum your igh out and get some sleep, AIR TRAILS Kid,” He followed Sandy into his room and saw that Ue fire escape that was outside his own room did not reach to Sandy's, ‘There was a sheer drop ob thisty feet to the roof of the nest build ing, . “Good night, kid,” Bill sad, “TM et you Kniow as soon as T hear from Mal- Sandy said, “Gosh, Tim VII—THE QUIVERING KNIFE room his nerves were janaling, He was tired to the point of exhaustion, yet he didwt want to risk falling asleep. He ‘was almost certain that nn attempt ‘vould be made to Kill him before mom jing, and he realized he couldn't stay awake to defend himself. He thought of trying to get in touch with Malbur again and hay y get a couple fof men from Scotland Yard to guard him while he slept. He discarded the idea as not being fexsible. He finally decided that his nerves were jumpy and imagination ‘eas running away with sleep in the soft, tree quarter hed that was in the room, Tne stead he rolled up a blanket and put it in the bed where he should have bee ‘AL the end of the blanket on the pillow Iie placed an overall bunched up to give the general outline of his head. si he Tay down on the couch that was against @ wall, determined to stay wake as Jong as he could, In three minutes his eyes were closed and he sas deep in sleep. "The room was shrouded in darkness, except for a thin stream of moonlight fealting across the bottom of the wine ‘There wasn't any sound ot le to disturb the quiet ‘of the night Suddenly Bill was wide awake, Tn- stinet warmed him not to move, not even to raise his arm to look at the Inminous dial of his wrist wateb. ‘The mitscles in his body. became tense, and The could feel perspiration oozing from Is face. “He knew that something w: in the room. He continued to draw sep, even breaths as though he was still sleeping. ‘Then tiny beam of light danced cross the bed snd was gone. For an fnstont a lean brown hand hud appeared in the ‘beam of Tight—a hand that clasped a knife. ‘The blade was only: four inches above the form in the bed. Bill waited to hear the knife swish down into the bedelothes and rolled Blanket, But mo such sound came to is ears, He knew that the person holding the knife lind detected his ruse fand was silently waiting until he lo fated the spot from which the sound fof breathing came, Cold sweat ran into Bills eyes as heAIR TRAILS conquered an almest overwhelming de- sie to shout or leap to his fect and stiap ona light, He knew that when lhe moved he, must be sire of the loca tion of that figure or the knife would find a restiig: place in his body Heesaw a faint: sadow moving to- ward the little Talla that led into the Jathroom and Sindy's room. Slowly, without moving the rest of his body, he Tbrought his legs up. He knew he must form from getting into “s room, Like a streak of light- ning hie whisled his body off the couch to the Moor For sixty long, horrible seconds layed as still as death itself while he tried to locate the breathing of the intruder. His nerves were taut and screaming as he wriggled silently toward the wall, He tapped gently: on the Daseboard, then flattened himself out with his check hngging the rug, Something «wished above his head ani thuckded into Uie wall, where it vibrated back and forth angifly for a moment, Then the room wae absolutely still again. He Tstened for the faintest sound, the serape of a button or the exhaling of breath, When hie could stand it no longer he began to edge aloug the floor toward the hallway, a fraction of an incl at a time, He knew the man across Uie room was waiting for another move, probably worming his way toward hin, A Mitton of Bill's pajamas scraped the floor and be hugged the rug a After a Dit he eontinued, Reaching the other side of Ue room he began eieeling it inch by inch. His eyes began. to be- cone adjusted to the dark, and he could fek out various objects. Nene of them faintly resembled @ man, He pulled hinif upright along the wall where hie knew the light switeh was located, and still there was no movement in the room, He eursed i lf for not having stuck an automatie in his pocket before eliubing out of the Lancer at Croydon, Switching on the light meant he would be a perfect target if the intruder had «gun. And it was beyond reason to hope that he did't have w gun, ‘The cold, grey Lomton dawn came creeping in the window while he stood there trying to make up hie mind what fo do, He was certain that the door to Sandy's voom had not been opened, yet The was Tialeafraid that it might have ween, As the room Teeame Tighter and Tighter he realized that in. some mys- rious manner the prowler had van hed. He switehed on the light. ‘The room was empty. ng serutiny stopped when he knife stieling in the wall, mule evidence that he had not Deen dreaming. He took two. quiek steps and Unrew the door of Sandy's room open. sleeping, Back: in his oa room he foun! that the door that led to the eorridar w locked. He was positive that he bad locked it before he lay down on the He found the key on the floor knew that it had been pushed out hole from the outside ree! the room for some fur- ther evidence of the intrusion but fouiid nothing, ‘The only memento was the wieked-looking knife stieking in the wall, He decided to leave it where vas until he hud. talked with Mali ‘could be dusted for fin Sandy was pea again and = prints, He knew that the waiter might ‘easily have heen the intrider, He wor dered how he had managed to get out the door without making a sound, After locking and bolting the door and window he elimbed into the bed. He was comparatively safe for the time Dein Sir James Aird Tt was broad daylight when the peal of a telephone bell awakened him, ‘The clerk annonnced the Duke of Malbury calling “Please send him up,” Bill said, add ; “And give me room service.” Hie ordered a pot of coffee and went into the bathroom to splash some water ‘on his face and comb hhis hair. We was hhoping desperately that Malbury Ind tumed up something into whieh he could sot his teeth, He was beginning to blame himself for not having taken more drastic netion the night before, If Malbury hadn't meovered something that would lead him to the Saver of Souls, the man would he able to eseape entirely And Bill knew that if he told his story without proof nt this late date he would be laughed off the face of th earth, IX."LEAVE ENGLAND!" DILL BARNES threw a dressing robe over his pajamas anid answered the mock on his door, Outside stood a sini formed ballhon, Ce et 53 “The Duke of Malbury, sir,” the boy snid aud turned away as the dim figure behind him stepped into the room and closed tle door behind bin The man who stood there looked more like a uke than the Duke of Matbry. But he was not the uke He was a pleassut-faced man with fron- grey hair and-a strong face tanned by sum and wind. His pale eyes were twin Kling as he watched Bill's astonishment. You—" Bill began, Tie man entered the room and threw his Tight-srey fedorn and gloves on a hair and opened his light fall coat “No,” he suid, “I'm not the Duke of Malbury. But he told me to use his name. He said you might not admit me unless I did, Us a nice moraing, ‘Yes." Bill said grimly. “It's a nice morning, And who the hell are you?” “My name is Aird, Mz, Barnes.” ‘man ssid, and @ pleasant smile ‘on his lips as he held out his aud, “Fm sorry to have walked inon you this way, impersonating the Duke of Malbury. When I saw your astonis ment T decided Td better get into ti room and close the door before y Umew me ont. Tm with the Air Min- istry. Dye spent half the night talking with Malbury and. Lord Herebur, When we came to a decision they asked ‘me to come and talk to. you.” “But why didn't Malbury ill asked, “We decided the whole thing should tbe handled om a strictly: formal basis” ‘Malbury was of the ‘opinion, because of the friendship that exists Hebveen you, that he could not present our decision to you fairly. Mal- Imury was entirely on your side, Tames, against Lord Herebum aad myself, He asked me to convey his best wishes to you and wanted me to tell you that he would write 10 you and see you at Hares Field, Long Island, very’ soon.” “Malbure iit going to see me again?” Bill gasped. “We are of the opinion, Mr. that the sooner you get hack to the States and forget this thing the better off things will be "Till shouted, and he ould feel the blood heating against his temples. “Like hell I forget it!” Pechaps T pat that wrong, said. “I meant forget it as far as other people are concerned. We know you can't farget what you saw but you ean Keep it to yourself and muse young Sandlers.” “Listen,” Bill seid desperately. “Tt Tin not mistaken you are Sir James Aird with D. S.C) and so forth after your mame. You're known around the world in aviation eixh That's right,” Aird said, Aird “T know54 Lis is a frightful blow to you, Barnes. Bu the thing must be kept quiet.” “You mean,” Bill suid, “you're acing to Tet those murderers get away with it? Tet them destroy a ship worth nearly a auilion dollars and wipe, out thirty or forty people? Why, it’s a inal action. on your part. You'll Decome an necessory after the fact. You'll be as guilty as they are.” “Take it easy, Bares” suasively, “Calm down. times when even nations must, condone ch things, Here is the situation: We fre of the opinion that this man you call the Saver of Souls hac nothing to © destructicn of the Memphis gar expression rman Uiree times in the air his tacties. You are treating me though Twas a child, Don't sou sup- pose T know——" “That. particul identified the m trick by whieh you to Malbunry is an old ‘one, Barnes,” Aird interrupted. “I first used it twenty-two years ago when T syus a Feutenant inthe Royal Flying Comps. I learned it from a famous German nce. $0, you see, you have nothing to establish your identity of the Besides, you don’t know who “That's what we've got to find out, Bill said. “That man lias been in my Ibair long enough, Tl Gnd him myself if you won't help me.” 2 Aird said firmly, “you won't And TH tell you why. Exgland anc the United States are not the only ma- tions that are flying the Atlantic with passengers and mail and cargo. Remem= er that France, Germany and Italy are doing the same thing. England and the United States have the jump on them with larger and hetter planes. We have also made more thorough sur Doesn't it occur to yon that, poss fone of several companies in each of those countries might be am vent ‘Transatlantic from becoming the premier cartier across the Atlantic? Suppose we go nosing into this thi ‘and find that, with the situation as deli= cate as it js today in Europe, one of mis guilty? What will it mean if to the public? Only one Till Barnes stood in the center of the room, his legs widespread as though to absorb the shock of a physical blow. iis face was a mask of hopeless fury. He could understand the wisdom in Aird’s presentation of the problem, but he refused to acecpt it. He told hi self that he would find the men guilty of the erime or die himself in the at= tempt, ‘Then he told Aird, “That is all right,” he said as calmly as he could, “I understand your point of view, But what about Transatlantic ‘Transport? Tt means the death of the company. ‘They will never be able to survive the unexplained loss of their first passenger-carrying plane. Even though I didn’t have a large interest in the company T cout! not stand by and see them ruined by such tactics” “They en reorganize under another name and the publie won't know the difference,” Aird said, “Their loss is probably eovered by insurance.” “1 Bill roared. i isn’t the point! ‘ot fellows can take it But Lwou't! They sent a 1 this room last night to. murder me be- eanse T what I know: Do. you think Tm going to keep on running raway’ from this man who calls himself the Saver of Souls? He wrole me a niote one time telling me there was uot room in the world for both of us, I Jaughed at it. But now T know he was right. ‘There isn't room for a murdering at, qho Kills defenseless people with, the connivanee of the British Air Min- ‘are pretly strong words, Aird said softly, “And I svouldn't advise you to go about repeat= a. We're not interested in_ your ith the Saver of Souls. id in the safety of Tngland and we can’t afford to become embroiled with an enemy over this thing, We will, of course, put our secret agents to work and wh each a conclusion we will take suitable steps “You can't tie my hands!” Bill ssi “Pi go ahead until 1 find And Til tell the world what happe “Not while you're in England,” ssid. burn, Malbury aud I decided that, you must get out of the country. We have ‘enough troubles now without having ‘you around with a tinder to start more. T have been asked to respeotfully quest you to Teave the country at onc Yor once in his life Bill Barnes was specehless, He could searcely. believe what he ad heard. A’ thousand thoughts flushed through his mind as he stood there staring at Aird. A. thou sand thoughts that ind to do with the existing friendship between England fand the United States and his small pact in it, Tt is impossible to tell what he might have said at thet moment if Sandy Sanders had not opened the door of his bedroom and sinek his tousled head out into the little hallway “Hey,” he said, “what's all the shoutin’ for? Can't you let a young fellah get a little sleep?” He hitched up ye bottoms of his pajamas with one hand while he rubbed his with the other, ‘Then he strolled into Bill's room in his bare feet. Some of the mage left Bill's face at the sound of his voice, and the man AIR TRAILS who called himself Sir James Aird Taughed outright. his)” Ie ssid to Bill, “would be that young demon of the air, Sandy Sanders” “That's right,” Bill said grudgingly. “Sandy, this is’ Sir James Aid of the British Air Ministry? “Is Uint sof” Sandy: suid as he shook hands with Aird, “T've hoard a great eal about you, of course. It's quite an honor to Suddenly, he stopped talking. and grabbed at is pajamas with, Iiis free hud, Tis face lighted. “Say!” he said, “What about your auto- grap He collects em,” Bill explsincs ‘while Sandy darted into his room and. returned with the little leuther-covered autograph books. “Right there, please,” Sandy said, opening the book and handing Aird a pe ‘Aird wrote his name and handed the book back to San Sandy. shool: his head, “You didn’t finish it," he said. “Put those V. Cs and D, §. Cs and things like that on, fe jghto,” Aird laughed. “Get some clothes om, snapped at him. “Tighto!” id)” Bill echoing Aird Bill svas utter hopelessness and defen in his voice, “Ill get out of England. Tl get out and I'l never come back. But sou can't mize me when T get back to the States, TM talk and EM have young Sanders to veil x “hat,” Aird said 8 tirely at your ewn di stop you from talking the think, when yor have had time to cool off a bit and give the matter w Kittle Thonght, you'll decide to keep quiet. You'll doit to prevent people from calling you a lian.” Bill didn’t answer him, He knew he ‘yas licked and he was afraid to speals Deeause of what he might say. He stood in stony’ silence while Aird bade Trim good-by and elosed the door behind him. Then he give vent to his feelings. He was still easing when the door to Sandy's room flew open and Sandy: ‘ame tearing in. “pill!” he sezeamed. “Where is le Sandy. was waving his ah. book “He's gone, damn him,” Till suid vehemently. “Tisten, Bill” Sandy to talk because of his excitement Phat guy wasa’t Sit James Aird. He's the rat who calls himself the Saver of Soult” Bill gazed at him for a moment as though he thought he was crazy, ‘Then hie got hold of himself because some- , barely able a a i aaa ear a liasAIR TRAILS thing in Sandy's expression impressed Fim that he knew what he was talking about. ‘Quick, Kid,” he said, “How do you figure it?” “Remember T yas studying: hand fing and ventriloquist on our last ip to South Ameriea when you fist tangled with him? He wrote you a note at that time and T susdied it quite thor ‘oughly and remembered it. When I saw Aid's signature I was sire T had seen. that writing before, Finally, it came to And remember is yoiee the day he broke in on the rudiophone? ‘They talked like the same mau For a split fraction of a second Bill stared at him. ‘Then he leaped for the telephone. He got the bell captain on the phone and asked him to find out from the starter in front of the hotel where the man who hind just Ieft-his Foom had gone, ‘Then he started on a telephone quest. foc Lord Hereburn. Here Bill's name worked magic. ‘The telephone operator had located and had Lord Hereburn on the wire within a few minutes, Tm sory to be short, sir” Bill said to him, “But T've got fo hurry. Did the Duke of Malbiny find you last bight and talk to. you?” “Ah—ah—no,” Lord Hereburn said, “L haven't heard from him in——” ight!” Bill snapped. “You didn't him! Listen carefully, ‘The Duke of Malbury dropped me at the Cecil Hotel last night al ten o'clock. He was going to try to locate you. He was being driven by a chaufleur in a Sin ‘beam landuulet. You'd better” start tracing what happened to him after that. He was to get in touch with me fs soon as he had talked to you, 1 believe he has met with some kind of foul play. T can't explain’ further but TM get tn touch with you as soon as Tan.” Ho Ing up abruptiy, snapped at Sandy: “Get into your clothes, fast, kil” Again the phone rang, and snatched it, The starter says he directed cab driver to take lim to Crosson Airport Bill ‘outside London,” the bell eaptain re ported. Thanks,” Bill seid. “Have n fast a ‘ear ready for me when T eome down in few minutes, Did the starter know who the man wast We know hi Murphys, an ani ‘Thanks again!” Bill shouted, slam: ming down the recciy His mind was a seething emotions as he made a connection with Croydon and gave instructions to warm up the Liner. He could hardly he- Tieve what the bell captain hid told him, Mordecai Murphy! ‘The Saver of Souls! ‘They were one and the same! ‘The mystery man who was reputed to be # munitions ing, an international Danker, a fomenter of human misery and sulezing, “Hurry like hell, kid!” he shouted at Sandy, “We have a real job on our hands!” X—FINAL TRICK “DO YOU believe the Saver of Sons is Mordecai Murphy?” Sandy asked Bill as their caly ced toward the great sirport south of the city T do,” Bill said. “The part fts him perfectly. No ane has ever been able to explain Murphy. He is known to have ‘his finger in things all over the world, He has been accused of a thou- sand crimes in the press. But mo one has ever heen able to prove anything aginst him. He is u cunning, shrewd ‘manipulator They saw the twin, thre props of the Leneer idling on the apron as they stepped out of the cab, At the same instant they saw Mordecs Murphy, alias the Saver of Souls, alias James Aird, climb into » low-wing monoplane; he blasted the tail around aud jockeyed down across the field. Tn that instant it eame to Bill how lose hie had come to letting Murphy blu him ozt. He kuew that in ane otlier few hoins he Croydon for an entirely different reas tha he was there now. He would have heen making preparations to fly the Lancer back to America. And he knew that he would have left his sel-respect behind him in England, raced across the bladed He Sandy at his heels and dove into the apron with, At precisely the moasured time for the hull to leave the water the enormous high-wingmono- plane tock to the oir— Td 55 forward ‘cockpit of the idling Lancer ‘The lowing monoplane with Mor. deeai Murphy at the controls streaking aviay to the south as Bill hung the Lancer on its props in. pursuit “Get your swivel gun out, kid,” Bill tid into his telephone, “Tan going to get him this time, Te’s going back and he's going to talk. T should have had enongh sense to know the British Air Ministry would never send Sir James Aird to'me with any such orders.” ‘You. going to shoot him down, Bill?” Sandy asked, “No,” Bill said. “I'm going to force him down. I don't know where he's heading, I want to stop him before he sels over the Channel.” "Do you think his ship mounis any guns?” Sindy asked, No.” Bill sid, “I don't think so, But be ready. ‘That bid may pull any. thing out of his hat. T'm going above him and trim off his nose to force him Tower’ The great chalk cliffs of Beachy Head were under their wings as Bill got the nose of the Jow-wing monoplane under his telescopie sights. The next instant his finger clamped down on his Sum, cannon. He fired a burst of five shells that were all tracers just above the nose of the speeding plane, He suv Mordecai Murphy's upturned face as thow five shells danced. above his head. ‘Then he banked the Lancer around on its right wingstip as the monoplane flipzed its tail into the air in a diving turn that brought it closer to the choppy waves of the Channel tree thousand feet. below Again Bill stuck the nose of the Taner don to fire a burst as they iced westward along the coast. This time the fnew of the Saver of Souls was white and strained as he gazed up and Duck at the man who rode his tail so relentlessly Bill knew that now he had his enemy where he wanted him, The other was Unarmed and flying a plane that was no way a match for the Lancer. For the first time Bill was engaged with him with the odds on his side. He re. solved that if he could not force hit to land he would shoot away his con- trols and foree him to bail out ‘Then the crumbling promontory of Culver Cliff on the Tale of Wisht Mashed tnder their wings and they. were above the rolling hills and tranquil villages of the “how!” at the southern end of the idand, Bill opened the throttles of the Lancer and raced ahead of the low-wing. monoplane, Then brought the nose mp din w climbing turn to race Duck at it with his Brownings yammer- He was trying, desperately, to foree it back ahove the rolling country side where it could make a landing. He Tiited the nose of the Lancer to keepvrei 56 his bullets from driving into the cockpit of the little monoplane. He was only fifty yards away from the little ship when he saw Murphy Tift the nose snd beard the staccato chatter of a machine gun that was not is own, AL the same instant he felt lets drumming into the metal surface of the Taneor and felt it buck from the impect. He yanked the stick back into His stomach ad heard Sandy's seream of warning as Murphy’s bullets drove up through the belly I Ieveled off he looked back and along the engine housing of the mono plane, and he cursed at himself for uot having noticed it before. Tk was ouly fa single 30-caliber gun, but in the hands fof Murphy it was ejjual to a half-dozen weapons. He poured soup into his power plant and brousht the Lancer up, fand over oa ils back and rolled it level. “Murphy had dropped the nose of hi little ship and was racing ayay to the northwest. Bill's face was a grim mask of deter mination as he eased the stick of the Lancer forward and gunned his engines. Ahead the precipitous cliffs of Fre ‘water Bay climbed out of the Channel into the gorse snd heather of the downs. Everywhere the were cleft by es and lens, cut tide caverns. Bill knew that no one ould survive « forced landing at the base of those eliffs where deadly under= tows raged. Back and forth from Blackgang Chine to The Needles along one of the most rugged and lofty coasts of England raced the two ships. A half-dozen times Bill could have blown te lov= wing monoplane out of the air with explosive shells, bul he wanted to take Mordecai Murphy alive. He was en- firely eonyinced now that Sandy. vens right, ‘That the man was Moredcat Murphy and also the Saver of Souls, Suddenly, the black monoplane was zooming wp underneath im with its ingle machine gun spewing burst after Durst, Lead chewed through the lead. ing edge of his port before he could slam the Laneer ont of range ‘The monoplane roared upward until it almost stalled, then fipped over and came down on Bill's tail as he started ‘a sweeping tum to the left, Dill heard the chatter of Sondy's S0-caliber machine gun as he half- rolled out of that deadly hail of lead. ‘The next moment they hnd leveled off again, and were roaring at one another ‘with terrific speed. Bill's fingers clamped down on his gun trips only to have Murphy slip the monoplane away. He feame up and around in @ lightainglike chandelle and dived on the speeding Black ship. But when he damped down on his trips the monoplane erabbed oat from under his sights as though some unseen hand had flicked it ont of danger, Bill shook bis head in disgust as he realized it he had underestimated the skill of Mordecai, Murphy catize he Ienew the Lancer to Murphy's ship he was not hearing hard enough. He was. lel Murphy slip away fom him, knowing jn the back of his mind that le could shoot im down at any time if he wanted to, But he was trying to pu thre his tanlks instead of wounding him. He wanted him alive to tell his story "Then they were roaring at one a other agsin with their guns vomiting fire and death, And this time Mordecai Murphy swerved his little black mono- plane in to the left for a death-dealing burst of fire just before they passed. Bill kicked the Lancer off to, his right to avoid the monoplane as it zoomed upward, They came up and beck, cach in a flashing chandelle, and now Murphy seemed determined to stay in the fight instead of runsing avay. He was hans ling his ship with uncanny skill as they roared at each other aguin at ter- rifle speed Again Murphy pounced in to his left just before the two ships passed, But this time his gun was silent and he did riot zoom upward to avoid a crash, Tastead he held it hard 0: was too late for Bill to realize his mad fntent. ‘The tips of the props of the thro ships Dit into each other vith» Dlooc-ourdling impact as metal met metal, ‘The erash vas Tike a mighty lap of thiundes, For one terrible mo- ment -they ning together, seemingly Teashed, dangling. in midair. Then they fell away and began a tortuous descent, toward the y colored cliffs of Alum Bay, just beyond the gaunt, projecting rocks ching up to embrace Uiem that were The Needles. Bill Bares struggled with all the power of his will to get his eyes open. ‘The dim room rolled around bim in a dligay circle that left him sil “Toke it easy, Bill” lie heard a vaguely familiar voiee say, « voice tense swith ansiety ‘SHlell be all right in w bit,” another ‘voice said, and he was conscious of Something ‘cool being rubbed over his face. “Easy, easily, old chap,” another voice suid, anid he could feel a restrain- ing hand’ on his arm as he tried to stragale upward. The collapsed hackward and closed his eves again. After a time he ‘opened them, ‘Things no longer danced Defore him, He gazed at the anxious Tue eyes and freckled face of young. Sandy Sanders until he recognized it, “Murphy, the Saver of, So AIR TRAILS “Hello, kid,” he said, *Whot the hell Dappened?” “Do you remember anyth Barnes?” another voiee said, and when Bill studied its owner's face for a mo- ment lie reeoguized the Duke of Mal- bu A little” he sai Jong have I been out?" “Three days, Bill!” Sandy said, “And was T worried!” “What linppened?” Bill asked! again “We were tangled up with Mordecai Souls,” Sandy weakly. “How He rammed Am Tall ight?” Bill asked. usta bad concussion and. bruises ‘ broken arm,” Sandy said, “You'se heen conseous but delious’ Listen!” Bil said, "Did Murphy talk? Did he tell the truth about the Memphis?” “He couldn't tlk, Bill” Malbury said, “He's dead. But we got Duncan, We found him aboasd Murphy's yacht a Cones. ‘That's where Murphy wns Hieaded when yot followed hina, We found Duncan and we thought thece aust be. some connection because he he was the head of International Ai He finally talked, ‘The whole nas been telensod ust as you told it to me. All of England has been praying for your recovery.” ‘Lim whe looked like w doctor said, “You'd better not tax lis stiength too itch a firs “Wait_n uinute.” Bill said. “What happened to yeu, Malbury?. Evidently Lond Hereburn fouad you. ‘grimly, “They T as. being detained, to put it mildly, “Dut youd betler rest ox, Bll, A’ surgcou had to perform an operation to telleve the presure on Jour brain, You'll be all ight in time ut you'll need a Tong rest.” “Yeah,” Bill said, and he managed a thin grin. "A holiday? ‘That's what 1 tame over Here for, What about. you, Jed? Dich’ you get banged up at all?” “SJust a few bruises aiid a couple of cents on mp head when Txammed it into my rash pad,” Sandy said. “fe dil a really masterly job,” Mal- Dury said, “Ie brought the Lancer out of a pia without any. power and att Tier down right side up. “Wht about the Taucer?” Bill asked, “Shell need a lot of pateling up.” Sandy said doubifully, "learned of fan amptibian airplane factory. on the Te of Wight. Thad liee hauled ov there” “Got wove” Bl i lo 1 get out of this place “sna few days.” Malbury said. “You were lucky you didn't have a. fracture. Wea sou get out you're coming up (o [Aruway. Castle for a good Tong. rest Bill said again, "Kor & “How soon, anMODEL MAKING— Air Trails Department of Practical Construction Guest Editorial By Irwin S. Polk (Maraser of the National Contest, lower in power-martl plane prottoe tian, Director of the Metropolitan Model Erague.) COME TO THE NATIONALS! Once x model builder attends a National Meet you ean let all the Inka in South Amesica he won't miss any of the others! The National Championship Mel Aisplane Meet—the climax 10 a year ‘of siodel designing and bungie Inundreds upon Aundreds of model Lulders frum every nook and eranny of the United States Whether itis the keen sportsman: like spit of competition, the joy of ecting fellow aeromodelers from far, the thrill of travel to and from the meet, the lmnger and curiosity for more knowledge, the fun and en fevtainment thar usually go. with ach contest, the possiblity of win ning a coveted National trophy steeped in model tradition, the re ward of recognition for outstandine model performance, the escape from home, ol or school, or the combina tion of all that makes the Netionals the biggest model event of the year, is a matter for debate For both beginner and expert the National Meet holds pconise and thrills galore. Here the amateur and the champ compete on equal terms and many is the time a 12 yearald youngster from the sticks hus velied. off with important awards after competing with old Syrthindope bales butchers, You stand us much eliance as the next fellow—ao pack ly gas up the hu roatl to Detealt! It y it alone pool sour funds with a ume hee of others and share the ens Or get your Exchunge, civic oF NAA. club to sponsor the winners of 3 Toeal elimination moet.” Your newspper or department store nah Tike to help, alll Remember the to th The Nationals provide an experi ence you won't forget in a lifetime ON TO DETROIT! 11 Model Building liems GUEST EDITORIAL RY IRWIN S, POLK 57 Pveuk: down thas inferiority comptes,” the Nellond) Contest welcomes eege9 ‘THE RISER RIDER BY ROY MARQUARDT 58 A Veanttfal 904 adel that wom it iaureta ai one of the natfa’a target tone THE DISCUSSION CORNER The round table of modeler nnn siete 6 “hls wonth the lonte te “treating THE BLOOMINGDALE TROPHY WINNER....BY ALVIE DAGUE 62 A ture-Bi0 iutoor etonpton, wine ta build wit w terttan performer MODEL MATTERS 64 Want reaters are sing. Pictures rally of contehi, weer, devctopaenta THE CONTEST CALENDAR 6s A rehote uf exmtna mccts, Plan yar conten trian wait tn advance by wicens OF thie monthly bate ‘THE BRISTOL BLENHEIM BY MARTIN E. DICKINSON 67 A mun draitig of Britain's formed 280 mph ont WORLD'S RECORD GLIDER BY WALLACE SIMMERS 68 A bios bay proleet for a Duldern A sinplestorbutd theemguaren SUPER SPEED FOR GERMANY A Meek design enhastshg detail and jh BY PAUL PLECAN 70 ‘THE PIPER CUB BY WILLIAM WINTER 75 Another MP=4" roptia. Keep wot hand tu by watating tne meaet oy ae ‘THE QUESTION MARK i 92 ee AIR TRAILS ADVERTISERS—JUNE, 1938 Aero Ind Heathe Model Airplane Co, a Back Cover Tnperisl Model Aero Supply » 8 Acronautical Chowshes of Commerce of ‘Tnterntienal Correspondence Schouls 1 trfos Technical Tnstute America oh: + 81 Jebnson Smith & Co, Thied Cover Aeronautical University + ©. 95 Donald Lesser . 87 Arora ee Second Cover Lincoln Aisplane & Flying School . . #3: ccraft Industries Me Sewice . 77 Aviation Instituto of Amesice, Ine. soe Baltimore Fireworks Co Midwest Model Supply ovis Bleckbuen Airorat Newell Phirmaeal Co, 95 Burd Model Airplane Co Payne Aiceraft Corp, California Flyers, Ine. Tita Opies edhe > ee Ile Douglas. 89 Roosevelt Aviation School. 5 Fleischmann's Yeast . 89 Leona J, Seliader a Franklin Institue... 87 Universal Aieerafh Co. 2... a7 GHG. Motors... . 89 Welch Aireraft Co. 2... a7 Gun Model Co, eee 89 Fred O Winter ‘Brsee 2 LE day of the outdoor events of the Mississi lington, Iowa, group bi port in East St. Louis But we we svinders turning and motors poppi world what we thought of people who disturbed such wonderful dreams of tro- plies and eross-country flights, we proceeded to ald to the din ina more ortho- dlox: manner. ‘An unusually large num- ber of contestants Kept the meet from getting under way until 11am. Soon alicr, Riser Rider was ready for a fight with 354 six: teenths of an ounce of gas in the tank. A few seconds fater she was high in the air, The motor cut at about 3 minutes, the hose seemed hardly to dip—it was already on ‘camped at the Parks s, After telling ‘riser. clip Roails from the airport toward the Missis- sippi seemed to have a terrifying ability to end abruptly, but finally one went through, and 23 minutes after launching, we stood on the Mississippi levee and watched the modl di appear over downtown St. I Fortunately the model carried my name and address and two days Tater it was te- ported found 30 miles ayray, 9 miles om the fother side of the city limits of St. Louis. Judging by wind velocity, the model was in the air at least 4 hours after we lost it and nave traveled 100 miles in a straight on less than 4 ounce of gas—repre- fuel consumption of 51,000 miles Tin senting: per gallon Although very easy to builkl, the model in- corporates several new features. ‘The wing and tail are double elliptical, combining beauty and thie most efficent oniline knows, A new method of construction makes y to plot all che ribs individually, Fuselage is in order to be first om the so at. Tt was hardly dawn before we heard By he RISERARIDER Presenting another champion, trophy winner at the Mis- sissippi Valley Contest—a ship of ultra modern design that traveled 100 miles on its winning flight—the 22nd ; Air Trails Trophy Winner. Roy Marquardt fo eattaboration with Gordon 8 Zia yy Contest dawned clear and hot. Our own Bur= The Riser Rider features the latest technique in the adaptat 31 surlacos, the co-ordination of stable wing and stabilizer sections, pea end a simple planked fusclage. It has also been mad plot each rib individually. oss-section would have ion and the addition of Tife and ‘stability from the duck-shaped tail more than counteract this. Low speed, high thrust line, fuselage Shape and the split rudder tend to produce a ranch more Stable combination than the usual contest model. An lipical © of constr extra stu less drag, bi sh WING Plota 16" Eiffel 431 from the co-ordinates on Plate 3. The ribs. themsclves are fag sinaller than this all around. Transfer to thin tnefal and cut out Ribs are cut like ribs for indoor mod- els—from a 4/16x16x12" Sheet made by gluing 2° widths together, Place tem- Plate on wood’ and cut round the top edge only. Move template down 4” and repeat until the 12 fired number of strips n cut, ‘Then turn the template over and re- using the Loom edge fs the cutting edge. Ct from the rear to the proper tength, Cut front and sear of all necessary 10AIR TRAILS of the strips so that top and bottom join perfectly. Rear should be 74” high as it hits the trailing edge. Glue up ribs and take a ¥/1q" notch in the nose for the leading edge, "re" deep, Draw a full-size pattern for the wing half, Draw a center line and plot the leading edge as shown by the outside dimensions. ‘Then plot in spars and trailing ede. The spar patterns should he on a separate sheet. ‘The spar heights given are sufficient to plot accurately, but if more acenracy is desired, the metal rib template may be placed over a fine parallel to the rib line on the plans at the point desired so that the nose of template is centered n the line, Move the rear of the template so that top 3 the line just at the trailing edge of the wing, Draw around it. Move the rib template up so that the bottom meets the line at the same point and draw around. This is full-wing size and spars should he '/,q" smaller than this at top and bottom, Cut spars ftom 44" hard balsa sheet. Cut '/4ox%4" notches for the ribs, ‘The trailing edge is formed from 14x1" sips. Place strip cover the pattern parallel to the center line, and starting at the middle cut around the outside, Glue the piece just cut off on the inside at the same distance ‘oul. Repeat until the grain cuts across too sharply, then tun the strip until it is tangent to the curve and ent a new angle, (Notice grain lines on Plate 2). Carry this size wood around the tips.” The lending edge is made in the same manner from 143044" strips, Assemble entire wing and ading evlge hack with "sa" sheet. If difficulty 4s experienced! in ending at the extreme nose, HAx'/ai! strips may be planked in around sharp bends, Put on Mex'fid" cap. strips flush with lop of trailing edge and leading edge covering. Cover center section and tips with 1/9!” sheets. Tips should have a streamlined section, Sand care- fully and give all joints an ex- fra coat or two of thin glue, The original wing was covered with sill Dut other material may be used. Apply two eoats of clear and one coat of orany airplane dope thinned with 5 thinner, If sik is used, be cart ful to fill all pores in the sill, If the first coat does not do this, ® little flour or wood filler ma be mixed with the dope Tt is Dest to sand with very fine sand- Paper between coals. When finished the wing should be per- fectly flat except for the extreme tips, which are more efficient with a slight negative angle. L_ we Fibs — dese Trailing edge fail section Petting” Low constnation Cutt Sonal! alt Sper 8 less hep ant bottom Seige nghed cleo & frog) Leawing cape ering Lik. Cop stein = iad Flush Rei iiecere ree Prelling edge. PLATE 3 59 ELEVATOR ‘The elevator is essentially the same as the wing, 12" NI16 airfoil is wsed with one spar. Cover the leading: edge with 1/,9" sheet, only 114" back, Put on, center ing and cap strips as on the wing. Cover with sill Apply only one coat of clear dope Iefore using colored dope. FUSELAGE Draw full-size fasclage plans. Assemble two sides from 24" square hard balsa. Notch thrust-line longerons and front upright halfway so that they join flush. Ase semble the fire wall, motor skid an brackets. ‘The motor skid must be cut to different sizes for different motors, ‘The model was flown at St. Louis with a Cyclone, but more recently a Brown was installed for 30-second motor Tin tests. “Either motor—or for that miatter any’ motor in this size range—will give excellent results, The larger motor has slightly the edge for limited (Ture to pase a3)SR ee ee “f Sheot covering 4 EES and shoved foi! x $ Feaa LgeThe model art progresses through the exchange of idear. Tho Discussion Comer is a monthly sounding board {or your opinions. Think about them, then write your opinion in 150 words or less and send it to the Discussion Cor- One dollir is petd for each an- Do you fe the newly developed "streamiir feils offor adventages in mod: over the accepted undercambered sec. tons? . With what airfoil sections have you obtained the be:t results? Dihedral. The new streamline airfoils could be well adapted to models built under the new weight rules becanse: (1) higher lift drag ratio; (2) reduced center of pressure (3) greater thickness allows more rigid constr tion without danger of traiting edge warping as with highly undereambered sections; (4) case of covering with the covering pulling tight rather than tending to separate from the undersurface of the ribs Gene Haw- KINs, 218% 24th Ave,, No,, Seattle, Wash. Streamline airfoils are fine for heavy fast models such as 10-to-12-ounce-per-square-foot gas jobs, and for sonie flying seale and racing rubber models, Since this type of model is not a floater they do not build up flying time by gliding slowly from low altitudes bnt by gaining ample altitude in a hurry. An undercambered section would gut the climbing speed considerably—Pere Bowens, Box 357, Los Altos, Cal. ‘The new sircamlined airfoils offer distinct advantages in modeling just as they do in large plane construction, They may be faired into the fuselage more easily and vr ess drag than tndercamberedi zirfoils, Streamline airfoils prove advantageous on outdoor fying scale models—the undereambered sections are far too sensitive for use on any but indoor scale models—Rowsar Petren, 4451 N. Hamilton Ave., Chicago, Tl A cleaner design is obtained by using niin foil. Beginners experience little trouble making this type of rib. More and more streamline models have been making their appearance at contests, And I think stream- lining should be carried out in airfoil selection as well Experience has proved this to be worthwhile Prank Kenerick, 102 Mechanics St., Canton, Mass. The newly developed streamline airfoils offer great advantages by reducing induced drag, which males for less drag and inereased speed. I have had excellent re- sults from these streamline airfoils—Pavr. Anpaacnt, et, Boulder, Col For August—Does the rojected arca of a model directly af- fect the stobility characteristics of the design? If s0, should the plan be laid out with requirements of profile pro- Pottions in mind? Answers must reach us by May 15th. For September: What do you con- sider to be the best locaton ox he thrust line relative to the profile view of the model? Can goneral fight char: ‘acteristics be improved by locating the thrust ling definite distances from the centers of gravity and resistance? An- swers must reach us by June 15th. Feller CON T have obtained best results with undercambered air- foils, Streamline airfoils prove a distinct handicap in endurance models. ‘They prove inefficient at the low speeds. However, they do have a limited use on speed ‘models where minimum drag 38 the frst consideration — Jour Zawoysxr, 255 So. Porter St, Manchester, N. H. T think the new airfoils do not offer any advantages for models. Eiffel 400 wing section with a Clark Y in the elevator has proved itself to be the best combination of airfoils for endurance models,—Staxroxn Kay, 208 Kelker St, Harrisburg, Pa. ‘Undercambered airfoils are superior to the streamline sections for several reasons: (1) When used on the average model they produee more lift; (2) better stax ity; (3) ease of construction, I have found the Fiffel 400 and K. G. 8 to give the best results on all types of dels other than speed jobs—J. Roy Currie, 50 Bland St, Halifax, N.S., not useful in model desi beeause, due to decreased lift coefficient, the model must travel at higher speeds; also, the glide would be faster With a higher sinking speed. Although the lift to drag ratio may be greater, the acinal sinking speed is higher for streamline airfoils because of the decreased value of the lift coefficient. For duration models my unqualified shoice is Clark Y, and R. A. F, 32.—Ricuarp Dunnar, 4, Shelton, ¥ Streamline airfoils. a: Route Undlercambered airfoils combined with a large moment arm to the tail plus generous tail ateas for stability wil produce better duration than any other design. This is Hnecause undercambered airfoils give more lift at low speeds. Streamline airfoils have no place in the design of duration models—Stax Lyons, 104 E. Spruce Si. Sault St. Marie,The 23rd Air Trails presentation of a championship model—a premier indoor design By Alvie Dague, Jr. Bloomingdale Trophy Winner LL that remained of a once-proud Class € tractor: ‘was the mniccofilm-covered wing. ‘The rubber had just collapsed the motor stick and the delicate, snicrofilm-covered tail group was ciemolished, As Alvi Dague, Jr, walked across the floor of the Olympia Stae dium that 1936 suminiee afternoon in Detroit, his spirits ‘were at their lowest. For months he had carefully ad- justed that indoor wactor for the Stout Competition at the National Contest, and now just ashe wes wind- fing for an official flight his model blew up in his face. model, cane expect from a model that had a wing heavy enough to support an axtdoor job? At one time that ship had been adjusted, but it had not een out of the box for ‘months, He opened the box a and the model Tooked fine, If of all phases of modeling, an indoor contest will gi Probably the leust appreciated and understood -yes more than @ hophazard ¢! sign, constructional and fying ski this noted design to our readers, it ‘the many thousands who favorable opinion of a fine sport.—The Editor. oniy those wing spars were lighter! And almost by acci- denit he remembered that the tractor wing of the plane that had just been demolished was exactly the same as the fuselage wing, ‘Lhe stick wing, although it was quite light, seemed amply strong enough to do the job, and he immediately started to transfer the wing mourits from the heavy to the light wing. He assembled the model white hoping that the adjustment had not ch "AL four o'clock in the afternoon (which it then was) he hand-wound the model, and much to his amazement, it did five mimutes. In ‘order not to waste a vale tiable minute by further test flights he wound the model 1,500 turns for an “official,” in which, in spite of a stalling flight, it remained aloft for over 12 minutes. Literally shocked by such excellent results, he paused long enough to take the stall out of the (Turn fo pave 77) indoor fiying richly de- In the of de jain a newer and more fog ie Lose Pive fiat Fe Sins ©) \ e Cooss-Gentee, a : S S| Meson OF Quaeyexceamine BLADES. S =] i pe sw So PROPELLER TEMPLATE63 ya ss Fastow Lp Couey Snes Orne Swanen AIR TRAILSTT eae CE Fee Te ne 64 Plight records and contestants in competitions. Model Matters Club notes and news of model organizations. la contecttabstations reutla are to be read as minutes (to Jefe of evlon), seconds, and fractions) Detroit National Meet Flying will be done inty Airport, Detroit, Polk is contest business Tnanager, representing the Exchange Club of Detroit, the sponsors of the meet, Actual contest competition will be directed by H. M. Jellison of Akron. ‘Timers will be reeruited from the Army Comp flyers stationed at. Selfid Jd, Hotel Fost Shelby will be con est headquarters, where special rates id work room facilities will be pro- vided Entertainment oer than model fly- ing has been arranged to make the ‘modeler's visit a worthwhile affair. En- trunts who find transportation to Detroit a problem are advised to cone tact the Exchange Club in their city i is part of the national Exelange Club, program, Modelers will probably find Tittle ein getting therm to sponsor local jets with free trips to Detroit as prizes Full information including roles and entry blanks are available from the National Aeronautic Association, Dupont Cirele, Washington, D.C. A immary of the rules and events fol- J. K, Coppage, contest director of tho Atlantic Aero Engineers, and his Brown-powered Super Buecaneer. Francis Tlush's Midgel-Powered Mito starting the flight that lasted 54 min- Utes. RightJ. K. Coppage’s Elk powered job flies ot 15 mph. and hhas made over 100 flights. "Spirit of "flown by the Detroit Ex- change Club to stimulate. interost in the National Contest. Right— Ralph Brown of the Junior Aviae tion League, Bos- ton, Mass., is ‘youngest momber fo get aco rating. Indoor Events SGbAsE UAMPE hes BS swab International tiga ached Wragg 400,200 a tach 8 Figige mits ag tess thas ae tanta ium in rae es the Mofett “ropky tna aroaute inertial Congelinch Models—rules for this events # Mettiiaaal comtenty are at ring Toning of 30 ossees er si hd tata tan nih Quaker City Club The Guaker City. Gas Model Club 3 continuing its monthly meets unt felnbun ahen thie bg invitation met Meike place. The Germantown group—a livision of the QCGMC- Sondeted. thy ast contest, in wkih ‘tovelers trom ‘Trenton competed” with The Phadlpkia Boys. a all these Hosa ell eontea amenity fo of 25 ‘its Se carged Prices are aad from, the total” fees collected, ll Hetty contents are rin off under NAA rules ad amction, Club members are showing. ane spit of thusasic cooperation and ne call tor a. strong. delegation 0 Ulead Ue. national mest Sn. Det Charles Bost has made reservation forAIR TRAILS model space in the club trailer will he making the longest trip hisiory—to Detroit, Walt E, and William Beele will also be send their gas models to Detroit by. thi lub) at the Firs ference held during March in Washo 1 ieton, D. C. ¥ tical Museum at Wright Fi Dayton, Ohio, LefiA line-up of some of the 51 planes entered. in 2 contest at Yo- kima, Washington, i 1 four treme right were token of ac The exhibit S. Army Aeronaw- 1 near Models of the planes Which made aviation story 4 aethod be Club Director Beory represented the of airports, hi Molle Airplane Con- early © being In addition there will le models of film of Air Corps history, and more than different types of airplane motors. tors to the musenm will b trace the progress of ay le to nn from the Chicago Park Contest — firt eftots of the Wish Bruton to ‘The Chicago Bark Di lass A glider contest at t Anillery Armery on Bebruary © 12th Fie This was the first of @ series of four exhibit, such indoor meets, ‘The Chicago boys Milton Hugulet turned in the highest time—s12 seconds, Wally Simmers, Ghieago’s ace: glider fer, came a close second with G1 seconds ‘The following times ure all based on a S-fight averages Juniors er (le Healers Club) 40.2 ied Pango 3g Senior Bets Milioa Magulet The Aeromuty) 0.8 W. P. A. Exhibit Workers employed by the Works Progress Administration are developing san exhibit depicting the history of avia- eld a the Intest Flying Portresses, er the home of the Wright oth, Brothers, is the logical place for such Wright Field is the experi- (urn to pages) y Weal to town with ther Sets. Below—Richard Leber, Fl. Lewis Washington, working on his 5p ft, Cyclone-powered ges job. built this inverted Cyclone-powared proved performance con 65 Car! Van with his. Bil. engined baby stroamliner at a meetin Grandview, Washington. A sleckleoking job powered by a Baby Cyclone. This trim ship is the work of Stuart Tinsley, Seattle, 1g model powered by the ox- "Boe" engine, both built by Richard Scheorer and’ associate: Corl Van Court's “Tuts 17," 3 cleaned-up version of the standard design recommended by Eli,John Roman, New York City, built balsa R, O. G. Richard Kehror, Jr, Philadelphia, ond his Quaker Flash. Edwin Godshall, Philadelphia, and hie Husky-powered "Falcon. & ‘Members ofthe Ilfnefs Club during a discussion. AIR TRAILS ie eee eo Contest Calendar READERS AND CLUBS. Notices should be mailed to the Contest Celendar, Air Trails, 79 7th Ave, New York City, 5 weeks in advance. SAE, SOUEL CHAS. nt cn, Gus Mit Ana he Juplor, Aviation Le om ai scion 2f INS GUaRany gmeice wee Sines gis engine and ote wt Eason Awatton League, ors S i iG SERS, Monat c/o Deen Te SOS, AER, AND FULLER NATION EE MUGEN Mnticalty'of bes Lous aro oll Hadley Tgnten Sea date Jo, Mursaltowa, Towa, te oe tee faformat ANNDAD CONTHSM of fhe Aco 1 AUP ali Ghats South Center Sire the SS STATIS G48 MODEL ist, GAS SLODEL CONTEST ii Aan uot HE Bond Sty Stat SIXTH, AAU Sete Binion Ses, moun mt 18th and, cn hu” Contest IPL ‘ing Cluiy Redan, Ed Lidgard's gullwinged Wokefield job at the Municipal ‘Airport in Chicago. The ship has beautiful lines.67 —= PROP OA, 06" FUSELAGE SECTIONS SPAN 564" LENETH 39-9 —— Et CLEAR HT 90" TAL SPAN 168° FUSE DEPTH § 6~ FUSE WIDTH 44 ~ s/ t sy MARTIN: = DICKINSON ~ ee “3 BFYSSTOL EM BOMBER THE BLENMHEIM 2ERISTOL MERCURY Vii) & 760 H.R ——— 4World’s Record Glider A model that set an N.A.A. record of 38.4 seconds for Class B indoor gliders By Wallace Simmers Imagine the smooth, hard throw launching of the glider, its lightninglike ascent and finally its spiral glide—a alide that Josls nearly @ minute, considerably longer than the ever- ‘age flight of © powered model. The pictures attest to the quality of this the 24th Air Trails trophy-winner presentction. HIS model won for me th nidoor glider record, which has remain unbrt ‘The first model o Due to deep nicks made in the wing by light suspension Class B senior the good fortune to for two years. this design made a S7-sccond flight. calles further increase in time was impossible. ‘The sec- flights were 57.2 seconds, 88 seconds and finally the Gnd model suffered a similar fate. ‘The third model, how- ord-holding, 384 seconds. jencedl ystatid ever, met fate with a smile inthe spring of 1936, ruined! all chances of any increase in time itas it neared the an official N.A.A. record trial co he present record of 5 Te was cold and damp, due to rece e to be gained by the cushioning ¢ compression was lost because of the hard, Inmpy dirt 1 floor. ‘The first fight yielded 56 seconds. Subsequent ¢ stroyed the ship in an attempt to cat ground on a later trial ‘The model used in br latest developmen minor detail king this record represents the lider constuction fas been evolved from long experi- WING ‘The wing shape ie wing shape varies from the more common so-called double or distorted ellipse The season for th is two-fold. First, a double fe tone dee clliptical outline tapers too St rece ran es rapidly, Tt is desir ‘ops nt tue 2995 Nateaate | havea wide chord for as gr S tEREY ihe teutent he's bee Rey celica as sible, in order to get away he flat plate c eee “i Sceondly, it is much easier 10 ke the entire wing a true airfoil section by using less ae pointed taper. ‘The airfoil is one which ex- THe te present of the Chicago Aeronats and ice for This active grou of perience has proven very good. The L/D ratio is be WellaceSimmers cider oxpert and vcr holder of the Stout Indoor Trophy. See aa a high. This fis been proven tay light tests (Tarn to dv0e 90)AIR TRAILS ENTIRE STOCK MEDIUM SOFT “3, MODELING GLAY ———~ WING SECTION 3 SCALE O° INCIDENCE a WT.560Z, AREA 58” CLASS B" INDOOR GLIDER GL. ANGLE 1301 SENIOR WORLD RECORD HOLDER: BEST TIME 58.4 SEC. DESIGNED 4GoaT yood FILLER WALL AGE Susans. 2 POLISH | We CHICAGO AERO,Super Speed for Germany Detailed plans of an ultra-modern fighter in which appearanc is em- phasized—the Heinkel pursuit. By Paul Plecan MODRT. of the Heinkel is one that is sure to be appre- Gated by any model builder. Its faverted gull wings and emooth inselige give i siitfal appenraticn, The The hollowed bolsa fuselage makes for siruciural oieinal Haves tas aeioer wal ie strength ond on unmatched polithed fi Sgr to the teeth nachine gun locate on exc side of the motor, a qui mac wing, and there is qLeomportment the ‘ving sul for total of sie 22-pound bombs of the HIEAII2 is 292 niles per hour, the cruising speed ts 267 miles per hour, andl the il military load. ‘The model is a very rex should he used if the mocdel ding lel, Keep in desirable, since the tail is so the prototype is all-metal, we will make onr model out fd balsa block, to xetain the smooth appearance of thi original The wings are elliptical and form an inverted gull. FUSELAGE Cockpit and gun troughs are cul out “Two blocks of the required sz hece blocks should be soft enough for easy following, ancl sthaald be identical as to weight, Cement the blocks together Cut 0 shay selected for the fusel and trace the side view none side swith «jig lock, extting to shape ence, carve the ontside of the fuselage to the prop gnensber that the wing stubclillet is carved into the fuselage, this tnethed being easier than that of carving a sepa is ordinarily cemented between the wing toot and fusela After the carving has been compl of clear dope and sand down. A better i Brush the wood filler on ined, and follow with successively finer sandpaper Tho profile of the Tnihed ship reveals the fino The fuselage may De split open a is pol hollowed out 1 Se Tee rae aiqtng i scicealetn ibe tiinee sone the pats ue tea ERR EIS) fillet which Her, however Right—The lending gear js retractable. This end the numerous, carefull reproduced details are the rorlt of the design stipulation that duration be curtailed to allow perfection of roproduc- fion. The glistening fin- ih and smooth lines make the finished model Ready to fly, the model is a: formidable looking as a thing of beauty and its 300 m.psh. prototype. grace.au SCALE STABILIZER OUTLINE =~ ALL THE BALS AND STABILIZER 1S A USE| CONSTRUCTION THICK OF RUDDER CEMENT THESE IEC! RIBS TO” STRENGTHEN WING. PROP FOR FLYING: (SPINNER MAY BE OMITTED.) THIS CAP FINISHED. (TON AFTER THE REST OF THE SPINNER 1S IT MAY BE HOLLOWED OUT TO ACCOMMODATE A FREE- WHEELER. SEE SKETCH, 1S CEMENTED WHEELING DEVICE, aAIR TRAILS PIECE “H” SCRIBED ON THE MODEL WITH A PENCIL THAT HAS A HARD, A GEMENT GRID SCREEN FROM OLD RADIO TUBE AT THIS POINT TO SIMULATE HONEYCOMB RADIATORRIB 4 Te RED BAND AROUND RUDDER WITH WHITE CIRCLE IN THE CENTER. SWASTIKA AND ALL LETTERING 1S BLACK. 7 ~\74 POSITION OF LANDING GEAR WHEN RETRACTED AIR TRAILS WING SPAR IS TAPERING TO-E X16 AT TIPS. oe SQUARE SR ee — “ ee ge oF WING COVERED 4 = witH J BALSA SHEET. 32 SCALE PROPELLER NOTE: FIRST RIB IS SLANTED TO FORM DIHEDRAL IN OUTER WING PANEL.Se The 1938 PIPER CUB HAPE a soft block of balsa SY4x1 14x56" to the out- side required dimensions of the fw widest lage ide of the block fuselage antl again carve heawy '%5a" sheet for the tail surfaces, file and sand the edges and surface: from #/s9” sheet, first cutting to outline, then sbaping to the profile of the fuselage on the wid cut away the excess wood. On the top of the block mark the width outlines of the dk way the surplus balsa, By William Winter Use Cut them 9 pro- Make the jn one piece and cracked in the o semble with thickened cement, Coat the model with clear to fill the pores and, when dry, resand. ding gear, cylinder For coloring, silver is suggested with blacke trim. ¢ the windows white and trim with deli Cut the propeller from the requisite wing ‘cross sce tions, finally sanding to a satin finish. The wing may be leit ter for dihedral, As. ement the ace Paint te, black Tines, ds, and other details, rap of wood, OFFSET CYLINDERS Se RIB SECTION THREAD LICENSE LETTERS SHOWN BENEATH GeFr WiNG—DUPL/- CATE ON RIGHT TOP COLOR SCHEME SCALE ETC 1 TEXT STEP. OTHER SIDE 0008 HINGES DOWNWARD ON. OTHER SIDE ONLY ce TO HIGHPONT OF WINGS MADE IN ONE PIECE CRACK- > Din mipoLE FoR | DIHEDRAL— PLASTIC - wing ADJUSTABLE STABILIZER pa A a76 GLIDING AND SOARING (Continued from page 33) distance records were set over this type terrain, Victor Rastorguyel of Rus. set the world’s distance record of 405 miles by fixing over the flat stepy of Russia. Last, year Peter Riedel of Germany, a participant in the sth Ni tional Soaring Contest, showed us that this kind of soaring is possible right here tx well as in Europe. He made two round-trip fights between Roosevelt Field and New York City in one day, ‘on another oceasion stayed up for ‘The only fit terrain is that thermale are weak near the ground, and the glider hus to get to an altitude in the neighborlood back to soaring over OF 1,000, feet before the thermal’s strength is great enough to start earn ing the ship up. The easiest way of reaching sich height is hy airplane tow, hut this is a anther expensive method, besides necessitating airplane tow per~ tits for both the glider and the pilot. ‘A more economical and practical solu- __ tion is towing up with a winch. Given 9 field large enough where approximately 4,000 feet of rope can be used, altitudes. of 1,300 feet ean easily be attained. Until recently the towing of gliders by rutomobile was very popular, but Uiis necessitates a fied hat is hard and smooth, so as to give good traction and hot put undue hardship on the ear ite felt. The winel tow method does not impose any strain on the motor what- soever, if the mechanism is properly de- signed. All towing is started in third tear and if the engine has enough re- serve power the strain out it is not even noticeable, Care must be the wateh- ward of the operator of the winch, He has to kno the velocity of the win and judge the towing speed according] ‘Once the ship is in the air the towing ced is slackened a mite so as not to Impose windue loads on the glider, as is actually more in the role of a ke tan an airoraft while climbing ‘on the winch Eventually, when launching equip- ment is better developed, most soaring flights will undonbtedly be made from winch tow over flat country. CLUB NEWS A meeting of the Metropolitan Soar ing Society was held reoently at the Engineers Society, 29 West 99th St, New York City, Frank Apgar delivered fa speeeh on winch operation and a eole Tection of photos belonging to Hans Groenhoff, Drother of the famous Ger- ‘man souring pioneer Gunther Groenholt, tvas showa through a stereopticon. Howley Bowls, pioneer sailplane con- structor, is building » high-performance soaring ship for Jack O'Meara. ‘The Ship. will he equipped with flaps. ree tractable landing wheel, radio, lights, ‘end will carry instruments for clout! Dan Sanborn, of Redlands, Cal. v1 brought his two-place Grunaw $ sail- plane to the Elmira Contest last yea, is usy building a two-place machine of Iiis own design. It's going to be a high- performance mid-wing sa Southern California is the scene of much gliding activity these days. The Associated Glider Clubs of Southern California have nine ships owned by various members. ‘They are Roland Eeters! two-place primary designed and Wuilt by Carl Goler; an- other sailplane designed by Goler, Yates and Palmer; Brown’s “Swifts” 2 Bowk owned by Grabs and Galagher: a side- Dy-side byorseuter owned by Baker, Winter and Roberts; another Bowlus, modified, whose owner is Jerry a Aailless ship designed b etters, ertson, and built by the San Di and a Waeo primary Tasery. Tn adiition to these there are fa number of ships sill under eonsteue- tion and in the design stage. fembers of the Purdue University Glider Chul have been lying their Gross 4 four-place sailplane from winch tow. A twoxplace utility has ‘been desigmed ‘and built. by W. W. Moore, and the ship has been flown and proved snecessful. ‘equipping his Rhosusperber_saifplane ‘vith an elesteic hank-and-turn indiea- tor, This looks as altitude records From the West that Harvey Stephen's sailplane is at the Bowhis glider factory undergoing repairs, ‘The nose was considerably auiaged during a hard Tanding. A spe= Gal new glass hoo is also being made. Tt will be formed in one piece, over 4/2 fect long. . . » At the end of a day's flying at Redondo, Cal featured by a strong west wind, Jay Buxton reached fan altitude of over 4,000 feet and flew all the way down to El Segundo, but was forced to tun back and: land at Manhattan Beach because of the erowds at the former place. Airhoppers Gliding and Soaring Club and the New York chapter of the AIR TRAILS National Aeronautica! Association, held 4 joint meeting recently at the Hotel Teosevelt, New York City. ‘The pro- gram was arranged chiefly for those nol fequainted with motorless light and fully two hundred people attended. jewin Barringer, Manager of the SA, gave an interesting talle onthe history of gliding and om te technique of high-performanee soaring. ‘This was followed by the showing of the English film “Plane Sailing,” which depieted the stage to tesmial sonring. nyas such a success that the Aishoppers ‘re planning to hold « series of them in the nesie future, The dletown, N. Ys, is renew ties, Members are busy in their work shop constinicting a seeondary glider de- signed by Doug Warmer, the president Anangements are being made to hold fan fidoor model airplane and glider ex- Tibition for the purpose of raising funds. ‘The club wishes to increase member- ship and invites all thoce interested to join, those liolding poorer plane lieenses Ibeing especially weleome, Gus Scheurer of the Aero Club Aiba teoss informs us Unat their gliding: field at Liberty Comers, N. J is being con- Siderably eularged, ‘There will be. six niew sailplanes operating from it this summer. Gus, who originated the vwinch-towing method in’ this country, js working al present on a standardized ‘winch design, He intends build parts which ean be purchased by elubs find thus simplify their problem in this respect. Don Lawrence, President of the Ae- socinted Glider Clubs of New Jersey, is contemplating the designing and build ing of a power glider. ‘The Falco Glider Club of Pitts burgh, Pay intends to import a Polish PWS 101 sailplane for high-performa- ance soaring, One of their members, fvho just returned from Poland, put in ‘50 hours in this type of ship over there. ppurcha from Harland Ross. Tovsin Barringer intends to n fof the country ko create interest in the iliding and soaring movement. From California comes the word that at least seven new high-performance sailplanes are being finished up in time fo enter the National Soaring Contest at Elmira, N.Y. ee aAIR TRAILS BLOOMINGDALE (Continued from page 2) flight and then put in 1600 turns just to see if there were any more surprises in v the time the the model vas ‘ging lie On the way down it ot caught with another ship and stacted to spin down, but they got free and went on flying. When it touched sand other planes, seconds—and the Bloomingdale Trophy At the 1987 Nationals, which were held in. the Grosse Isle blimp hangar, Alvie Dague was well prepared —he had his old fuselage model aid two new ones. On the first tzial, the rubber Droke and ruined the fuselage on one of the latter. “After working all day with hiis tractor end the other new model without much sueeess with either, he in turned to his old fuselage model fe was about four p.m. again when he assembled the 1986 winning ship, It turned in a very satisfactory test flight and only minor adjustments were uecessary to get it into top form. On the first flight he put in 1650 tens and Tet it go. “Valuable thins were lost. as it hit another ship about four fect above the ground, so that the take-off had to be done over. ‘The climb of the ship was very good but not nearly as peppy as the year before. It got to about 85 or 90 feet and, after a very: slow descent, it landed after 15 minstes, 41 seconds His next “official” he decided would. be record trial; however, bis luck had abandoned him. While winding the rub- ber, which should have been capable of holding 2000 tum: aging the foselag his one flight was not long euough to vin the mueh-desired Bloomingdale, but itich to his suxprise the flight was the best in both senior and junior divisions, ‘This model, Dague feels, is easily. ea. pable of breaking the Wemiaute record for Class © ships. FUSELAGE Make fullsized drarsings of the fusee Tago sides. Pin the longerons in place fund cement in the crass-braces. After the sides are completed pnt in the upper s-braces and then brace the fuselage ag" superfine strips a. drawing, Cover the fuselage ‘eement on the landing gear, Note i gear strls are braced with round struts. ‘The wheels are made Of 4/59" sheet ales aud lave a iy” round hub cemented in the enter. WING A full-sized drawing of the wi should he made and the spars, which Please mention AIR TRAILS. are sanded to an oval eross-section, should be pinned to it. When laying the spars down be sure to pin them in line with the 1ib shape. ‘The tips ean be bent around cardboard template sand then cemented in place, Cover the wing in one piece (with microfilm, couse) and then put in the etihedral ‘The wing mounts are eemented perma nently to the wing and are not clipped to the fuselage mounts but merely tem- orarily attached with « dot of cement so Uiat they ean be easily removed, BOOM TAIL AND RUDDER ‘The boom is bent from a blank 1/,(” ick around a former to a teardrop shape. Tt should be cemented to. the rear plug (seam of boom on the bot- tom) which is made by erossgraining two 34” sects of bales, one of which fits snugly inside the rear bulkhead and the other of which fits outside, Belore ecmenting the boom to the plug cement im place the rear hook, which is bent of O18 wire. Make the tail and rudder to the dimensions shown and insert the ribs. section, and the tail a eambered see- tion, Cover the surfaces and cement | them-to the boom, Both tail aud rudder hhave 0° incidence. PROPELLER. ‘The propeller is made from a block of Ixt¥ge17 cul as shown in the draw ing in order to quartergenin the blades, Cement the two halves together and earye the block in the usual manner, concave side first and then the convex side, Make a template of the blade shape and cut the blades to fil. A wire shaft should be cemented in place. Note that a special shaft is used so that the propeller may be held with « plice when winding. ASSEMBLY AND FLYING. Cement the wing sticks on the fuse lage wing mounts, Insert a 2134” loop of 14” brown rubber and attach it to the rear hook and propeller shaft Check the setting of the wing by fist flying the ship vith some handwinds, If the model stalls you ill have to move the wing back, if it dives, for- ward, ‘The model should tum in about forty-foot circles, Avie Dague be: Tieved his moviel, which was his serious attempt at build fuselaye model, could dé Let's see if you can do it ‘an indoor 17 minutes ; WEIGHTS fuselage and land, tail group. prop. and nose plug total... Note that the rudder has a flat | ee ee 77 |SKY KITTEN Single Seat Biplane | Powered hy the Continental 4-40 en Specifications & Performance ‘Wing Span. 19 Feet Overall Length ..15 feet 8 inches Total Weight ...650 pounds Maximum Speed. 120 m. p.t Landing Speed ...25 m. p.h.(vit ip) materials fos building this fast little sport ship are now available, Top speed of 120 mph, Limited nunber of three view drawings with full specifications will be sold for 60 cents. Made by the builders of the famous Knight Twister biplane, Payne Aircraft Corp. RF. D.No. Joliet, Shop blue prints and PeNTTCE Sy ARP OAM Ts ee Za CAEL CLE ‘France, Genmany and England. z' fast Sake Foe, mes ow Store ese eto aaeaoe eee eee ‘Ghanplot Orser gous Baby Cyc today sgl nae, BABY c¥CLONE ENGINE MODEL “e"78 AIR TRAILS FLYING ISN'T EVERYTHING smphed on a single negative, from ‘which are printed, either by contact or projection, as many mips as are needed. Almost any section of the United States can be photographed from the fir by planes making their bases on regular established airdromes. But i sections of northem Cannla—where a great deal of ‘survey work has heen done by flying cameras—in Central America and South America, where landing fields are few and far between, another and difficult job is added to making the survey. Ground bases have to be established, Supplies of gnsoline and oil have to be taken ia for use of the plane. Field Taboratories have to be set up for th evelopment of the film, as it deterio- rates rapidly alter expesure in tropical tries, Sometimes supplies ean be flown in, Again everything must. be transpocted hundreds of miles by canoes send puck anim The actual Gime required to do an aerial photographie job may be only a fev hours, but delayed supplies, wm- favorable weather and accidents may sso even months vu the time into we ‘Trainee of experience and a rich man's desire to do something different caused. the failure of the first aerial mapping ex pedition ever to be attempted in Mesico. ‘The story illustrates a lot of dons Twas engnged to take charge of an ‘expedition going into southern Chiapas, Republic of Mexico, to ernie a million ‘anda half acces of hardwood timber, viruin jungle containing great quantities ‘of mehiogany and other rare woods, T was called to New York to meet the Tumberman who seas interested enough in the possibilities of the tract mber to finance the expeditio During our discussion of ways and ‘means the idea of using um airplane to photograph the txact was brought up. Although one hundred per cent in favor of airplanes, I honestly lad to vote againet its use for this particular job. The ne jown Janding place was over 4 hundred miles away, and that f river of rather temperamental ten- With the exception of the n who acted as caretaker on part of the timber tract, T was the only one that Knew that part of the country, and the German knew nothing about dying, Although I knew the country and had hoen flying sinee 1916, Twas quietly Tut fismly overruled. I wasn't even given « voice in what kind of a plane Syould be selected. ‘They purchased a (Continued from poge 12) ant seaplane, of the type the Navy. used in their fight around the world, on the theory that it was the biggest ship on the market and so must be the best, Never having flown seaplanes. find feeling Uhat the jangles of southern Mesico was no place to break in, T Dalked at acting as pilot. A naval pilot land mechanie were hired, with the ree= ‘ommencation of the Secretary of the Navy, and they were given leave to do the job. "Whe finest aevial camera at that time fon Uie inarket was purchased, fifteen Tnundred dollars for camera and mount. ‘Then 1 went to New Orleans to come plete arran Tn the fifteen hundred i port I purchased sallous of high-test aviation gasoline and two hundred and. and fifty gallons of motor oil. ‘This sit had to be packed in fives two cans to the case, for handling. Space was engaged on a ship sailing for Frontera, the nearest porl, ‘a frontier town on the Usimasinta River, When all arrangements ind been made for the airplane I quietly set about gathering equipment for making the timber survey hy land, in the good ‘old approved manner. Although an favintor and having the greatest faith, in things aviation, I did haye my oubis about the success of this ven- thre, But I was put in the unenviable position of “not to reason why,” but just to go ahoad and make the survey regacless, The flying boat was lashed to the forward deck of the rusty old steamer Rajah, Yn Frontera, after a_ perfect passage, thank goodness, the plane was hoisted over the side and placed on the rickety old dock that looked lke it had stood there since the days of the con- quistadores, With the wings again at- tuched and the plane Tined up, Ue steamer Rajale nosed in to the does and. with her boom lifted the plane, drifted ‘oat into the middle of the river, 2 mile wide at this point, and set it gently down on the water. ‘The naval pilot and mechanic real new their business, They tested the flying boat and found it in AL condi- tion, ‘They flew the local military eom- mander to the state capital and back, pausing on the way to take ina bull fight. Then they headed for the interior to do the photographie job. Bandits reported operating: along the river, raiding outlying settle- rents and ranches, Someone had to be responsible for getting the supplies Inundred and Afty miles up this river in 4 small gasoline-powered bout, and au- ‘other hundred miles into the interive by pack animals and canoes. My job. Isstarted a day ahead of the seaplane. Our river boat was loaded top to bot- tom with supplies, oll und gasoline, eh pickings for bandits, so the goverment sent along fifteen soldiers for protection. "They fired all their ammunition at alli- gators the first day, The pilot house ‘and motor were protected by sheet stec! fas a protection against bandit rifle and fice, but if anything popped ind ear attuned for sound for sight of the plane, which was to Tollow the niver and would pass directly overhead. ‘AL noon the second day our boat nosed fnto 2 landing at El Salto, as far as it could go upstream, the way being Tharred against farther travel by im passible rapids that roared down through a deep gorge for th svater so rash dors that even gant ‘eamne through splintered ‘commercial purpos miles, ‘The plane had never passed us and at El Salto they Jers nothing about Sexior Juin Martins, the oft! German store keeper al the river town, was ex- cited for the first, inte in his life; he was ‘going to see an airplan« ‘A telegraph line connected El Salto with the stato eapital and Frontera, and T got busy on the wire, ‘The report that came back was anything but re- ‘The plane hac left. Frontera the day before and nothing Nad been heard from it since, T wired the milie tary commander at San Juam Bontista and they promised to start a search for the plane. "The timbor tract we were t was arniliion and half acres in extent and for the most part lad never been traversed by white man. ‘The resident manager was a German baron, Don Max, who lived in feudal splendor in 1 Titile isolated kingdom of his own. He had run a telephone line from the hacienda to. the German's store at EI Salto and he informed me by wire that canoes were waiting above the rapids to transport oar supplies from that point to the ranch, where he ine sisted there was a fine landing place for the plane. I had the supplies red erase the river where Ue pack fnisnals were waiting and saw them started on the txip to the head of the rapids, thirty miles upstream, Fast Tore dark we heard the wele come drone of the plane's motor and every native in the district gathered at the water's edge to watch the arrival of the man-made bird. It glided down to ‘graceful Ianding and came to rest ‘with its moce against the sliore whereapres eg ae ee a 79 AIR TRAILS we were waiting. They had a story to tell. Instead of following the 8 compass course that he had worked font from a ground map that sras a hu: aed Picked up the river again, but it was Not the right river. ‘They’ didn’t know iat. ‘They had followed this river until it From the fanovs QUAKER FLASH. straight fhrovgit a mest comprahensive line, ogoy leaden ges powered model kis! Al kits are femortably cone plate in detail, wily large, easy-to fallow plense Fore Faas) 306 po dwindled away among the mountains {te gorpovend SEALE NODES wed blower GLE cem pracy’ 2 ‘onploto Wih eihtoshopa tits, formers. wings sovsiee Eee ee eae TU (poor SL alosere eieeeith sangre Uses ary modo otplane engl Fe gE Te ee ee tate Se etvol |g caer alla weet AN peace ae Stage nese enon one of these Likes and landed to get heir ear igs. Tk was an hour before the Indians living in the huts got up enough courage to come out ant to these strange visitors, and then none of the plane's purty eotld speak Span- ish. With the aid of x dictionnry they finally figured out their position, but by that time it was daxk, ‘The next morning they took to the air and backlracked until they eame to when He in the moun= it they were again om the wrong they retraced their wute and this time they reached the junction of the rivers and there they- anchored. for the night, hungry, eaten alive by mos- Auitoes, and with the gasoline supply geting Tow. ‘The next day fog on. the Fiver was so Heavy they: could not take off until after noon. ‘They leaded pe stream, this me on the right river and landed at El Salto, weary, fright. ened, but thankful that they had found their way out of the maze of rivers, T was away early the nest moruing to posi along the supplies. Before in Thorse had carried me halfway to the hhead of the rapids, the plane roared st overhead and T eotld see the ‘mechanic leaning out, looking doyn into the gorge of seething: waters where 10 aman had ever looked before and lived to tell of what he had seen. I felt pany and insignificant down there in the mud of the trail, with giant trees towering tro hundred feet and up above them the giant plane soaring along, Before L reached the head of the Tupids the plane agai pi freling, to return to Fronter up a Inte-arriving member of our party, ako a pilot, who happened to be an ‘important member of the United States forestey depariment ond was going to ‘make “an independent survey” of the tropical timber T was kept busy supervising the load- iz of the canoes with gasoline and oll nd_gelting Uiem started upriver on their fiveday joumey to the ranch, ‘Two days later, with all the supplies on the way and everything well. in Yand, I headed back to El Salto to mention ATR TRAILS witen answeri luminum, seminsho umber, oe, ore indaded, 30- BONCCOUEE 9D RGN ar Mule odtnieoe HONocoun 50. salea7asin, ff Moudcothetauns cuuAne Te pen GE'S Il AoW Bone val asco te Sen Soom 98 in ing Snen Ins Sass Bin en 72 i ay scones maton, sla teaser att 8 2 fait the arrival of the plane. ‘Then ‘we would install the aerial easnera and photograph Ue river from the rapids to the timber tract, showing the trans portation possibilities, Halfway down the trail T met the rest of the party aud, the goverament forester. ‘That wasu't according to Hoyle, ‘They dida’t have much to say hut handed mea note, wri Piece of rough brown wrapping paper. At wasn't diplomatic, but it_certa was to the point, Tt was from the pilot, Tt reads Dear Richardson, ‘You ean take your photographic Job and go to hull. ‘The Kid and fare taking the first boat back to the States. You'll find the plane on the beach at Front Buu, ‘The forester said the pilot hadn't even stopped the motor when he brought him upziver, but had shoved off at once, swearing he would never get ‘out of sight of electric lights again, ‘Phere was nothing we could do about it, We pushed off upstream in canoes TL took us five days to reach the ranch and there we found the Indian hoatmea with the stores of oil and gasoline moved into the timber belt. Three mouths we worked at the job, ‘measuring trees, taking levels, stidying transportation and costs. We photor For i: ams eh! i a i ea ae ing and falling ada, soni flshed whee! poms, streamlined rubber whee cans ICH WINGSPAN FLYING MODEL! LTT ~° ais 31 Noth Dehes See Chon ing advertisements. sonia). stoblizer. Motor ecrly removed. 3% In, rubber wheels, Wingspan, &7 ne ia} Ranbyaan Send ot oonase L griphed everything in sight, Byery day J cursed wlien T thought how much more simple i would Haye been had we een able to use a plane. Tn our ful reports, without excep- tion we turned the project down be cause: the cost of transportation was far in excess of the value of the tinh: With a map made from aerial photo. graphs the answer would hye. been Simple, ‘Thevanswers woul have been there in black and white, where be see for himself as though he were silting in a reserved seat, high up. But ‘on the other hand an aerial inap might have shown some route that we had not discovered in cur explorations on the groand, some way through which the timber could have been transported ont ata reasonable cost ‘That was a few years ago. The coune try hasn't changed. Supplies would still have to be transported in by: pack. animal and eance, But « smaller, more ficient plane could be used, one that could land on the narrow stretch « Fiver adjaceat {0 the timber tract, and of course the pilot and. eameraman should he men who knew their bus By all of which Ive tried to show that mapping with an airplane and camera is an easy job, Paralosically Ws also a hard job, “Any way: you look Ab it; it certainly sizes up as no job for an amateur,AYIGATION (Continued from page 35) fhe position it occurs o> should be set down on a separate piece of paper and comeetly labeled Besides Keeping account of the time ‘way, the pilot should check is position oginst recognizable Tandmarks wherever possible along the route, Rivers, sailroads, highways, mountain peaks, sinall lowns, airway beacons all x excellent seference points for this purpose, The pilot should, however, Femember thet they are to be employed fs check points anid nol as a substitute for the eompacs unless the problem is purely one of piloting, ‘Too often in- experienced fiyers ave given to distras: ing the compass indientions, or forzet~ ting the compass altogether and follow ing the course of some river or railroad ‘which they ermmneously helieve to be the fone Hey see marked on the chart. When this cecurs the pilots usually end tap by Decoming completely lost, esne- cially. in cases where ey have neg Tected to Keep track of the time in atk Hon, Let ns assume now Uiat hour's ru from William tirport the pilot (who has bee fully following the compass course of d) finds himself directly over Okla- « Gity. A glance at the chart will show that the pline his drifted some 7 ariles in a south-southwesterly direct from point B, the position it should be ‘ot Oat time, This means that am ine conrect value seas allowed for wind when working out the initial problem, and that intend of the true wind’s ‘being expressed hy the veetor AR, it is pro} erly expressed by ATU plus RX or AX, Tn order for the pilot to determine the feortect course te steer, which ill ke the pine on the desired track, Ie must seworls the problem, using AX as the vind value and 100 miles per hour, as Defore, for the wirspeed, This new are cuts the treck nt M, making the correct Theuding, XM, equal to 292° true. Thase much as the viviation near Oklshoma. City is approximately 10° E, the devia tion card must be entered with the value 982° — 10° = 272” magnetic. ‘There will be no change in the value of ‘the deviation in so sinall a el magnetic course; hence with the dev ion at 4° wesl, Uhe coment heading will become 272°} 4" = 976". The ground speed for this new problem becomes AM = 9146 miles per i Tt is important to note here thal, this new heading will not put the plane back ‘on the ofigingl track but will cause it to continue parallel to it and some six miles helow it, While six miles is not f great distaiee in airplane navigation, it ill nevertheless he a good plan to get hack to the intended track, so that points passed over will coincide swith the cours laid down on the chit, ‘This should be done by the most ex editions and convenfent means, which, dling to the Tnndmarks inthis vieity, would be by: following the CRIKP railroad across Une small Takes in the vicinity of Bethany, Uhroug! Yukon to El Reno, at whieh point the ew course of 276" Tnasmuch us the di Reno and Clinton ai snately 57 mi puted ground fhour, this leg of the course covered! in 87 minutes, provided the wind doce not ebange again along the route. "The pilot should continue to check Iiis positions relative to the time under way, Tor example at 91% miles per hon the plane should cross the Cana- dia River in Ue general vicinity of Bridgeport, approximately 12 minutes after leaving EI Reno, and should pass Weatherford in about 15 minutes afte crossing the river, Tf the plane's aetual positions vary appreciably from those celeulated, a check must immediately be started to find the cause. Suppose now, Uiat fog, as shown by. the shaded area, is encountered short Teaving Weatherford, It will prob- ably be necessary now Lo gbaudon the plan of proceeding on to Cliuton, and The Boyee-Meier sextant, an inexpen- sive but reliable instrument for the student. AIR TRAILS ‘an alternate refnoting station must. be selected. ‘The track belween Weatherford and Hobart Airport is 212° true, Using the same wind value (from 340 1, fore 2G MPT) swing an are equal to an air speed of 101) miles por hour, cutting the track estended as shown, ‘The heading is found to he 225° true and the ground speed (the ssind is helping the plane along now) approximately 116 miles per hour, ‘The heading will, of course, have to be converted frem true to compass, ax before, The ram between Weather- ford ard Hobast Airport should require 60 22 minmtes, x4 16 ‘The distenioe from Hobart Airport to Ponder Airpost being only 24 miles and the weather to appearing clear, it will probably be best now to proceed on to Poader before refueling, fo that there will be a maximum amount Of gasoline on board for the Inst portion of the trip to Amarillo. ‘The flight be- thveen, Hobart and Ponder ean be mad Imost_ entirely a piloting problem if Aesired, by following the railroad through Lone Wolf and Granite. Tt is expeciient, however, to Jay out the track Detween the two points and to figure fut, roughly at least, the proper course Steer, inasmuch as iE is an easy mat ter to follow the wrong set of land marks, us mentioned before, and be- come hopelessly Jost when using the proces of visual contact alone. Upon landing at Ponder Airport the pilot should consult the allimeler to see it reaistens 1585 fect, which is the ale of the airport, If it does not, ‘means that the atmospheric eond- ious there deviate from the standard, and the altimeter should he reset to the correct reading, While the ship is Tsing refusled, Ue pilot should obtain all the information ‘available as to the winds aloft, weather onditions slong the route, fied condi tions at Amarillo and other airera{t likely to be encountered. nppose it is Teamed that the wind at G00) feet ever Ponder Airport is now 10 alles per hour from the north, and at the same altitude at Amarillo it is There is vo practical way of Iknowing in just what mamer this wind Force reiluces along the course, so it is good a measure as any to assume fan average of the two readings to use ‘asa wind value in laying ont the nev course, This will bo north, foree mniles per hour, Using this value to compite the couse to Amarillo the Tending is found to he 234° true = 284° 11° & (variation) “+ 4° W (devine Gon) = 27? by compass. ‘The ground speed is found to be 99 miles per hour. Thasimueh as the distance betwoen Pon irport and English Aicport at lo, Tesas, is 126 miles, the fightAIR TRAILS Between the two places should require wo — X 126 = 1 hour 16 minutes, As Amarillo is approached, the ground elevations become much higher, and upo landing at English Aizport the plane's altimeter should register approsi- fact which illose the imporlanee of remembering Uhat the plane's altimeter doos not nee cessuily indicate the height of the plane above the ground, ‘The flight that has just been de seribed is what is known as a simple contact fight, employing both dead reckoning and piloting, A fight at aight would have been conducted in virtually the some manner as far as navigation is concerned, exeepl tha way beacons would have been available for checking pesttion over certain por= tions of the route. Alo the choice of refueling stations would have had to be altered because of the fact that anost of the airports over this seelion ° servicing during daylight hours only and are not equipped with aight landing facilities. ‘Tho best plan in this ease ‘would have Leen to refuel at Okshoma City, which sixport not only has fall Jn anding and servicing Sacilities but is equipped with radio and teletype, and would have had the latest weather and other pertinent information available ding the route ahead, Of course the pilot would have had to be familiar with the lighting. system on. the airways and ainpotis in order to ileient ‘use out of them. wed flyer, navi oftentimes a simpler matter than ia the astime, boll because of the fact that Tighted ‘airways are usually available and because at ni ts of towns are distinguishable at far greater dis taees than the towns themselves are nthe daytime, ‘The Federal goverament maintains @ made up of and lighted interme Den diate landing fields. ‘The zotatin cons are located at 10 to 15 miles in vals along the airivays and are so con- structed as to give six clear flashes per minute, with each clear flash followed by a red, green, or amber flash or else Korda contest model. ‘a red, green, or sigmal: “When the former i the ease the bencon is composed of doubler led rotating searchiisht, one end of which emits a elear brain’ and te op- Dosite envt x colored bean. Th the exse where the clear beam is followed by a eolorei code signal, the Tbeacon consists of a single or double- exude rotatn whi throws a clear beam over each leg of the air vay sic times @ minute, and is wiled by lored. Tights slong each Jeg of the airvay immediately after ench clear fash. Tho colored lights referred to aro cither red, to in area near which they are located is nol Tandable, or green to indicate that they are located on a lighted landing field, or amber to ingieale that they are lo- ‘ated on aa unlighted landing field, The axle signal given by the ealored Tits denotes the mimber of the beuen. on whieh Usey aro located. Intermediate Ianding fds are To- ented at approximately 5t-mile Satervals along the airways; of course, wherever 4 reular airport oceurs ata. S0-mile is omitted, Beside the white and geeen flashing beacon, the intermediate kinding field is marked with a border of white Halts, 80 inches high, located at 00-foot tervals aromd the field. At each point of best approach to the landing strips, green lights replace tivo of these white horde: lights, AM! obstrvetions on and near the field are marked with red Tights, ‘The Department of Commerce to date hss not issued night flying eharts except for a comparatively: sill pore tion of the United States; hoyever, all of the informution needed for a night flight can be obtained from the regular sectional day charts, and shen the a way bulletin #2 Deseriph ports aud Landing Field) conjumetion with them, the pilot should have no difieully at al Next month, in the third and last of this sevies, the author takes up radio and in relation (0 avizntion, amber dot-dash code | | terval, the intermediate landing field | Bilbo te Packer cia | ghee tt Authorized BROWN, JR. MOTOR DISTRIBUTOR FOR NEW YORK Mode! D=$10.00 Medel B~S22.50 Model C~517.00 sesh ek 524 ‘MODEL AIRPLANE CO. 260 86 Try Ave, Ba NEXT MONTH Complete plans and detailed instructions for duplicating Fiske Hanley’s 1937 TEXACO TROPHY WINNER Please mention AIR TRAILS when answering advertisements.AIR ADVENTURERS (Continued from pane 37) We believe we have a well-rounded ‘out book; one that contains a full pro- gram of all aviation features, You may be a model-building enthusiast and have mo truck with sir fetion stories : or details on aeronautical instrument You may be a commercial aviation fol- Tower to. whom a military machine is just another gas-burnes, but there are renders who get much pleasure und much information from our adventure stories, and there are many who com= sider a study of military types far more important than all the model pages we can print. We try to please all as our contents page indioutes, but we realize Unt there may be something Iaeking ‘end ve can only learn what it is by gel ting an outside viewpoint, What. wo are really trying to say, of : course, is that wo feel we have a pretty. The Cambria, down for repairs last summer, was snapped by Douglas Val- eau, Toronto, Canada. good magazine—but that we live no desire to rest on any laurels we may have gxined, and wish only to improve Won't you, us Air Adventurers, help ‘A typical letter along the line of those in question comes from Gerald Ey Pudney of College Park, Ga, who has just joined Air Adventurers, Pudney : ‘writes: “I like your magazine for T : Eke aviation and I hope some day to join a flying club, but T also hope to hecome an airplane: designer, Tam a great collector of airplane pictures and T mivst congratulate you_on your new enlarged photo section, ‘These pictures fare much better and much clearer for 1s who wish to study their eonstraction Lam thinking of designing ig euntilevered two-place all: nnd Twas wondering if you ean suggest a good correspor fence school that offers a good course in sero-engineering” is clear fon that enlarged picture wetion. lake up his problem of a correspoulence ‘eourse that teaches aero-engincering. In the first place we must femember that aero-engineering today is a four-year course at our best technical universities, fand even thea a man has only beau to scratch the surface of « very comples subject, However, there are many great cngincers today who are pra tically self-taught, or are the products ence schools, and if a man ounding in mathematics and the desire to learn, he ean go far ‘on his on hook. ‘For years now T have been recom= mending Walter Hinton’s correspoud- e course to our readers. T know Waller well snd he is a square-shooter, and his school is respected everywhere in aviation, He does not make any wild statements in kis advertising or promise to make » Donald Douglas out of you in three lessons, He is fair and if you ‘vill ead his contract carefully, you will Know just what you can gek out of @ good corresponclence course. ", Everingliam of Toronto has sent lus a set of miniature camera pictures taken at the Toronto Air Harbor (that’s a new title!) which are. particularly good. They shoyt in real detail a mu hier of Hawker Ospreys which had been catapulted from a British cruiser. Everinghiam has been reading: Air Trails or more than two years. Peter Kraus of Buffalo comes through with two swell shots of the Boring PeaShooter (P-20A to you Tandlubbers) whieh seem to All our Lill to perfection, Peter lias caught. the iden we have been trying to put over for some time, We like unusual shots from unusual angles, and we think these, ‘which we hope to publish, are among interest received by Peter's another p” mut, too, and wants us to. take up the matter. sou want to know how they go fn Fngland, listen to this from HL. B, Williams of Frome, Somerset, and you'll got an idea why the RAR. seems to be such a ernekerjack ‘or about bro years now,” Williams writes, “E have been studying to join the Koyal Air Fore and as you can imagine, T have been very busy. Still, wnaged to find time for Air ‘rails hich eoutinues to offer stories and articles as fine as ever.” You see, over there when they want to get into the RAP. they go to work and study for it and do not rely. on some form of miagic that will get them without any effort. Grand stufi, Vilfiams, we all ope you make it and get where yor ean todtle one of those new Hawker Hurricanes through the Bill Weil, who sends us a nice letter aanking the geng for taking him. into Adventurers, lives near the Army Barksdale Feld and ves plenty of mil ‘action, He has alo sent_ in ‘plane Mechaaie examination AIR TRAILS He has seen the National Air paper. Races for the past two years, sure got about a lot, Bill ‘You can’t stop these Canadians when they get an idea, Here's James Gunn of Toronto, just signed up for Air Adventurers, who as suddenly pops out mmouneement that he is eer- ‘solved the. problem of cool- ing @ multi-vow radial engine, At any rate, he thinks he is on the right track wonders if my of You in touch sith him nt 200 Golfview Avenne, Toronto, We hope you get a Jot of answers Jimmy, and don't forget Ai Adventurers when the profits begin to roll in from your invention, And. by the way, Jimmy, we want you to get Uus some information on that Torouto Flying Club you mentioned. : Here's a pip! Some time ogo we mentioned a Kay Golf, a member of this outfit, and we naturally assumed Unt Kay was 1 young lady. Kay eame back al-us though with a letter from California telling us he's a bow! Well, there it is, you members; Kay Golf's 1 boy and don't forget it. He says people ‘often get confused, but we hope, he doesn’t change it ‘cause we think it’s a swell name just the same, Kany has been to March Field and has promised tus some good pictures of the Army planes he saw there. He actually went into the front gun-turret of a Douglas B18 and took some pictures, Well, wo're waiting, Ka Listen to this! Don Ries, of Hunt- ington, West Virginia, has’ a motor- scooter and he uses it to ride out to the airport nenthy whore he takes quite 4 number of pictures, A short time ‘ago, he deserted his scooter and hind his Gist ainplane ride ina Waco and sends ‘is an_unustal picture taken out of the cockpit window showing their new con corte runway coming up at them. Its 1 pippin, too, Many thanks to D, Winterich of North Bergen, N. J., for a number of anes taken at Newark Airport and Noxth Beach Airport. He says he las bout 200 pictures of the most modern raft in his file, He has sent in his We are getting plenty of returns on Dut we would like to et more on observation and topog- raphy subjects. We haven't hind many good detail maps or scale drawings of Airports lately, and we're all set for something hol. So get busy, fellows, and see what you ean do, We want as much variety a possible, we want to develop every phase Of this department. Robert F, Clark of Indinapo recently a passenger in the Goodyear blimp Enterprise on a flight over Wash-AIR TRAILS ington, Tle took two rolls of film while in the air and has sent ns a print of the Tusiness section of the capital which ‘yas very interesting, but unfortunately aot clear enough for reproduction. ill Beck of Greenville, Pa he Tivest of live wires, He sends us a Jetier telling how he and a few oliver fellows of his age decided to do some- thing about avi 1 northeastern Pennsylvania. They procured a field fand built « hanger on their own, To day they accommodate three Cubs, one ‘Tayloreraft, one Monocoupe and a Waco ceabin_ plan’. Recently they staged a odel plane contest and twenty-four members turned up and ereated quite a sensation and brought in quite a crowd ‘with theie exhibitions, Bill is going to see that more of these contests will be ‘tnged ancl he makes it final by sending his application for membership in Air Adventures Come in, Bill Stewart Thompson of Oxford, N. is a swell example of what Air Adver thirers ean do for a fellow, He has been Snterested in aviation for some time and a regular reader of Air ‘Trails, He took up Walter Hinton’s Aviation Course aud then sent in his name as a applicant for the Royal Canadian Air Foree. What do you think happened? ‘They accepted him and while he is w 1g for his eall, he is making models from Air Tails magazine, He's working ‘on the Gulthawk, whieh appeared in ou December issue ‘That ought to start the coupons from up there in Nova Seo! Bill Burns of King’s Mills, Ohio, is collecting aviation articles and says he sets plenty from Air Trails. Me's going to Ohio State next year in preparation for a career in the Army Air Corps, He is us a piethre of w plane nud wants to know what it is, Well, Bill, is German Junkers P-13, Chester Wrobel of Chieazo has eap- tured his photographer's avard with a svell picture of Wiley Post’s Winnie Mae which he took in a hangar at the tiss-Rbynolds Airport in 1036, jeture is good, considering the eo tion under which it was taken, but it is not quite sharp enough for magazine reproduction, Wo have another interesting letter from one of ou girl members. This me it is Miss Paulie Mudge of Edin- oro, Pay who has her troubles. breake ing into aviation, and wants to. know we think she can do about it. find myself worse off than Miss Brunner whom you mentioned in the club news some time ago,” Miss Mudge writes, “Tam a smallown gel and Tin afraid there isn't much chance for me in aviation. T find it very hard here jn Edinkaro to get any first-hand expe fence in this wile and wonderful field, T have taken every opportunity: wh hhas come my way and one of the oppor- tunities is the information and help T get from reading Air Trails. 1 depend fon it each month for my source of Anowledge along with the books and ‘other material T ean get my hands on. I, like many other Air Adventurers, am ailding to an already large collection of pietures, clippings. and news. I have divided it all into numerous divisions “which T expect to he of some serviee in the future. “Perhaps, in the meantime you could help me out by adding same more formation on the places a gl ean fil in the field of commercial avintion.” Well, you seo Miss Mudge is no idle dreamer. She knows hat she wants and she is willhig to work for it Tecan see that she bas a rare degree of tlligence and suggest that she try to contact the publicity offices of the vari- fous airline companies and try to get ‘connected in such a way a3 to Dest use thece writing talents of hers, She could ‘of course try for a Tostess job, if she is willing to first take up nursing, AD hostesses, you know, are trained nurses Thore ure often openings in the trafic “departments for competent women. We have also gathered in anoth British member. He is J.C. ¥. Leach- man of Upton Park, London, who is member of a light-plane club, a motor= feycle fan and a erack rifle shot. Tn ade dition he does # Tittle model making rand at present his score is exactly one dred models, all on exhibition in his ‘There's now way of scoring a century. He has sent in his coupon and sve have been more than pleased to send. Leachman his pin, He has alo prom- ised to send this department «stack of photographs of the latest British planes, ant you bet we will be looking for then Dr. William H. Robey of Sullivan, s back ayain with a new qualiica. he has passed five of our his Flight Cuplainey paper which lias been passed! as excellent, criticism, too, now Dut we ask for i id again, Constans G. Curtin says that the heading at the top of this department is out of date. What do you think of that? Well, he can go ‘ahead and Uy us on a nev idea, He's | ile an artist, you see, for he includes is impression of a Ryan $-C job in full flight, and it is pretiy. good. He say thal our short articles should be 4, and 2 department for “dream with fewer restrictions, such as ss for sale.” Well it takes all kinds to read a magazine, and that's Which is all we Tisve room for this month, but stay with us and keep us | posted on what the boys and gels are | doing. If it's interesting well do our | Dest to rum it, but we want more and Detter pictures, drawings and plans, Please mention ALR TRAILS when answering advertisements. 83 INCH Adsolurely FLYING Complete y MODELS ONLY rita Wor Avan er Sl pale Dick Korda’s WORLD RECORD HOLDER 2 uae [RECOMMENDED ADDITIONS DEALERS: GET OUR SPECIAL OFFER! MODEL AIRPLANE: COMPANY 10s W.brate st Baltimore, MA =e = Becta LINCOLN AIRPLANE & FLYING scHooL84 MODEL MATTERS (Cominued from page 65) ‘mental feld of the U, S. Army, Evexy gis tested a key position in making air histor Jacksonville Club ‘The Jackxonville Model Club elected the following officers at their meeting hd eeentiye resident, “Mblton W Myers) vise president, ‘Theodore Ever Se seceiany, Tavis Tala, tes tee al ayes Willen, impo "The club olds a National Aeronautic les CEI one conducted under the offal rues, ‘Two of tho de. members hold N- AC Ar Fecal for anilaunched glider, ls alt eee aha sme ochodla Of eli jaetviteg inclodes the club ane riversnry eld in Apel (Sed annual Fontes) Hecida state conlere ached ted for some time in une: aud par ticipation of J. ME. C. members in Ae Soutien Met in Louisins Blair Academy Club Blair Academy, Blairstown, New Jer- sey. is the only college preparatory school having an active gus motel club. Tt was ongunized last fall. Flying is done every weekend at the Martins Greck Airport, near Easton, Pa. Ar- ungements have heen completed for an wvilation meet to be held this spring —May 21st, $100 in model material will be given to the winners of the four events, All modelers are invited to par- ticipate, Officers of the club are: LeRoy Weber, Jr, president; Jay C. Miller, vice-president; and Philip Saitta, socrelary-treasrer Junior Aviation League Junior Aviation Teague, Boston, Mass, Ralph Brown is the sath League member to. win the rating of “Ace.” Th addition he hols the official N. A record for helicopters at 2:15 4 jimnior record. since Broy fight a few weeks before he became 1G—the dividing Tine between junior and senior divisions, Tn ation he holds the junior record for indoor E, 0, G. stiee models set at the national imeel ia 1957, Ralpl is an allasound Tuller ho can give a good account of himself in any event, Boston was well represented at the recent Mariel Conference in Washinge ton, Academy president AI Lewis, tox gether seth Bruno Marchi and. Torney Capo, made the tei to the Capital. Work on the League's model wind tunnel, being brilt hy members, i near= ing completion. ‘The. $-foot-diameter test section will make possible com- plete tests on fullsize rubber and. gas Imodels, ‘Tests will be conducted at velocities ranging from a few feet per second for indoor models to 20 mp. for outdoor jobs. from these exper Tafosmation con x, sinee it will provid data ‘om love-speed model, Bruno Marchi hus been doing excel- Tent work in his Saturday morning classes for begianers., Under his expert guidance, beginners have turned in top- notch flights with their first_-models This idea seems to be the best way of nding. the doctrine of modeling—* Tittle expert advice directed to th teouble spots will do wonders in con ig «skeptical tyro into an ents astic builder South Jersey Gas Club All modelers in southern Jersey and nearby: states are invited to join the South Jersey Gas Model Airplane Asso- dation, ‘There are uo dues aud the ‘only fee is the membership in_ the N.A, A, Gas Model Division, Tt is Interesting to note that. the club was organized from a rubber-power model lub of nearly nine years standing. Prospective members who have not ‘yet built a gus model are urged to at tend club mectings and take advan- tage of the information and experience accumilated by elub members. The club has been doing much original de- sign work such a mercury ignition switches, whieh cut the motor should the model reach a dangerous altitudes automatic wing flaps for high-speed models; and novel endurance attach- ‘ments, Another club advantage is a suitable enclosed trailer used to trams ‘port members’ mos ‘Anyone interested in joining the S.J. GM. A. A. or in “talking shop” with experiencod modelers is invited to contact the elub president, Frank Her= aide dfn 908 Edgewoe! Ave, And bon, NI, New Contest Rules ‘Many important changes in regard to rales were decided on at the First Notional Model -Aizeraft Conference eld in Washington, D.C, on Mareh Teth and 13th. A representative group of modclers alended from all parts of fhe East. ‘Those unable to attend cone seyed theit ideas through quest hdres. ‘The answers were tabulated to htain a countrywide erosesestion of oiions, Necademy of Model Aeronautics dit te task of advising the Committee on Rules on any changes deemed necessary for the welfare of the hobby. Meetings of the Academy: were Weld por to the conference, Thele a pened on tithe tonfeeace. at the Saturday eftemoon Sen ‘Presiient Al Lends of Boston presided accurate AIR TRAILS fat the Academy mectings held Friday aflernoou and Saturday morning at the Lafayette Hotel, Participation in these meetings was limited to Academy mem- ppart included 1s, H. M. Jel som, Tnvin Polk, Lawrence Smitline, Jesse Bieherman, Vietor Fritz, Charles Grant, Robert Sommers, Robert Allen, Gordon Light, and. other Academy Doosters, Saturday noon, the New York World Fair was host to the conference at a Tuneheon in the Hoiel Lafayette, It ‘was announced that the World Fair was Sponsoring the 198 national and inter- national meet. 1939 promises to be the ‘most outstanding year in the history of the hobby, A complete schedule of ‘events and rules will soon be released— thus the modeler more than a ar to prepare for the contest. Robert Sommers, of the Stix, Baer, and Fuller Club of St, Louis, presided at the mesting Saturday afternoon. Changes in the rules recommended by the Academy were thrown open to dis- cussion. Anyone interested in modeling was invited to contribute to the discus sion, Following are the important changes whieh were finally approved: The: eross-seetional area of a stick ri ‘modlol fusdlage must nol exceed —, 200 where L. is the fuselage length. ‘Thus fuselage models will no. longer be cligible for the stick morlel contest. by merely removing the landing. gear ‘Dhe Moffett elimination contest has Teen discarded. The first six contest- ants in. the Stout fuselage contest auto- matically become the representatives for the Moffett finals, ‘This change was recommended to relieve the pressure re- sulting from too many different events fat the national meet. Tudges and ‘will remain at the spot of Iaunchin bbe per- tnt to oll the model, ‘Theil time the model just as long. as they ‘without the help. of hinocu- Jars. This change will speed up c test procedure and will prove fairer to all contestants, ‘This applies to both rubber and gas models Gas model events ‘ill all be ron on the Iusis of a 30-second motor run. ‘Mechanical timers or careful fuel allot- ment will be necessary. on the part of the timer to confine his motor ran to this length of time, After considerable discussion the con- ference finally agree to approach the Bure of Air Commerce with the suse gestion that gas_modelers under 16 years he permitted to fly their models then accompanied by a certified mod- ler over 18 appointed by tho club adviser, It was agreed to. retoin the ‘old ruling which requires the modeler to he at least 16 before he is eligible ee aAIR TRAILS: 85 for the N. A. A. gas model license and the 10-ounce minimum would not be ‘competition in the National Meet, ‘anymore effective in preventing long, ‘The conference agreed on a minimun soaring fights, wing loading £ square foot of Contestants at all meets will be per aitted to buy. the! in kit with finished sibs, spars, all lifting surfaces and fa Ml recall that plans “Tor Dillon's inning model of 1987—Coshen s. Dillon toversy followed the adoption of ruling, Twas pointed out that a rul Of 8 ounces per square foot would p nil many existing models to enter eon tests that bigher ould be excluded by the it requirements. And too, rolled ges models will he lime ter tem are low, However, Pounds maximum weight. _gas-model flying goes ahead while the EDO FLOATS yea aee ee er 86 thermometer shows temperatures as low as 15 degrees, Ray Miller, another Jackson modeler, lost his Bunch-pow- fered Curtis Robin on just such a day. Tt disappeared in a 2000-foot ceiling despite the efforts of an Acronea and ‘@ Taylor Cub to Keep it in sight. Dillon's Ms, X is an interesting de- sign with en inverted motor for a bet- ter streamlined covl. ‘The batteries are ‘mounted vertically in the exbin using a battery easo with clips. A test-tube gas tank is used instead of the conventional type. The motor mount slides ont on skids and Dillon carries a spare—to inc ‘Sure uninterzupted contest perforin regardless of any trouble. ‘The model svas designed especially for the sis ‘ond limited-motor-run event. Dillon is banking on Mr, X to keep him on top in the duPont event. Illinois Notes Members of the Minnis Model Aero lab are priming for the spring and nummer comeds Ths destin iat ace fn the capable hands of Harry Dull, presidents Walter March, soere Tar” bed Bob Keacrgard, isasoes Cin dieetors are the veteran sot Iullders Walter Ly Brock, Eugene Do erty and Tobeit Javon Club meet AIR TRAILS ings are held the first and third Brie days of each month. Anyone interested in modeling is invited to attend— Room 18%, The Auditorium Hotel, 430 South Michigan Blvd, Chiewso, Hl. Modelers in Glon Ellyn, Minois, have arted an Aeto Clib. Routine organ ing procedure lis been completed and the first elub contest was scheduled for February 2%. Edward Weber is pre: dent and William Fleming, vice-presi- dent, Modelers in this vicinity arc ited to contact the Aero Club through Willian Fleming at 314 Pennsylvania Ave., Glen Ellyn, Dlinos SUPER SPEED FOR GERMANY (Con! previously applied wood filler or dope, the outside of the fuselage will be found to be quite strong, so it may be hol. Towed out very thin behind the wing. Tools described by Mr. Booton in pre- is issues of Air Trails Ive been found to be the best for hollowing, 30 no mention will be made as to the type Of fools needed. Before cementing the tivo halves of the fuselage together, cut the openings for the spar, leading, and trailing edges into the wing stub. The rear hook may be eemented in place at this time. A coat of woodfller followed with sanding will hide the crack left Detween the two blocks alter they have ‘heen cemented Logethier. WING CONSTRUCTION ‘The simplest way of making the wing is to make it in four parts, namely the two outer panels and the two center panels, which are cemented to the wing Stub, ‘To obtain the inverted “gull” ap- pearance, do not forget to include 1 Sight slant on the end ribs of exch panel. Build the center portions of the wving first and attach to the "he Teading edge of the wi from sheet balat, three pieces cemented together serving as a whole leading edge. Tt will be noted tat the portion ff the wing that the Tanding gear is connected to consists of two ribs cemented together, affording extreme Strength, which is needed ina fast model such as this, The pieces 8G,” and “H” ako reinforce the wing, Dut ate not necessary if the model is not built for dying. LANDING GEAR ‘The Janding goat is quite simple when started the right way. ‘The bent wire piece “N” that is cemented to the to Taminated ribs “1A” and “1C” absorbs the landing slicks, and the two small Tengths of tubing Jet the landing gear swing outward and upward if a retract- ing lmding gear is desired. OF course, ned from page 70) ‘4 much simpler Tanding yew ean be made out of plain wire struts if the model is for fiyiag purposes and scale purposes are secondary. In non retracting type, the strut “Kis ‘cemented in solidly, but ina retracting ype it should ho removable to alloy the Joncing gear to swing upward into the wheel wells, The flap “I.” com- pletes the covering of the landing gear when retracted, ‘The bottom of the wing is covered with 2” sheet for Mtrength, and is utilized if the retract= fable type of landing gear is used. In ‘the latter case, the wheel well is ent into the balss, and shen the landing fgeur has been swing into place, the ottom of the wing assumes a fat shape, unobstructed by any portion of the shel or struts TAIL SURFACES surfaces ean be constructed al this point, and a groove is eut in the rear of the fuselage to accommodate them. Proceed with emution when cut- ting the groove, since a slight difference fn angles will eause the model to: div fr stall. All the outlines and strips in the stabilizer and rudder are 1” thick, id the only preeaution to take when | bs 3B Ne Be gals "FAR EE | Details of 1 =i[ 2 | tractable land- . gent and sy hinged oper \, | ing for rer ace rubber hook. ee 8a 4 a raking the tail is to avoid warping ‘The wing and tail surfaces are covered with Ussue and evenly: sprayed. While ” the lisue is drying, details may be ulded to the model, ‘The exhaust stacks may be cut into the sides of the fuselage, and the small hole ng the shell ejector should be cut directly. bekind jt. ‘The machine trough is carefully carved in next, and then tin lines are scribed! into the balsa with a sharp pencil to represent the diferent sheet metal motor covers A sinall platform is cemented across the cockpit to support the headrest, fand Hen small aluminum strips should he cemented in place to provide a foun ation for the celluloid cockpit cover inng, which is applied next. ‘The whole model is now given a coat of clear dope and sanded lightly. + followed by two eoats of gray dope. Wood filler waterproofs after the second coat, s0 the emery cloth or sindpaper Yeing used enn be moistened. — ‘The water is helpful while sanding eeause it keeps the wood filler from “filling up’ the sandpaper, Tt has been found that Garborundam 520 wet or dry paper is Dest for rubbing atway the excess wood filler. After this operation the model may be doped in the usual way. For finishing, always use a dope of good quality, and make sure that it is thin enough not to leave brush macks on tile surface being painted. Black let- ers cut from tissue may be applied now, and the rudder insignia added. | redband 1 doped around the rudd fand while it is drying, « circle is eut from white paper, A swastika is drawn om it in india ink, and the eirele applied. to the center of the red band around the radder. ‘The autlior’s model weighed one and Uhreeqiarter ounces, ready to fly, but tis included a quarter of an ounce of lay in the nox, since the orizinal. model fas laiLheayy, Six strands of 44” flat rubber were used, due mainly to the Might, which made the model very fast. A hielpfal hint to modelers who make fa leavy model is to put a lot of under- ‘eamber in the propeller. a aSS AIR TRAILS AIR PROGRESS | Three Great (Continued from pose 6) estimated cruising speed of 2 and of 24125 miles, Supermarine Stranraer flying: boats have n ordered by the Canadian Depart ment of Imperial transatlna vays will continue their c survey flights this summer using au improved type of fying boat, The route will he run between Treland aud Newfoundland and sp tion will be paid to a new technique of refueling in the air after the take-off Of the world's aggregate otal of ir- oute miles, helieved to he about 00, the British Empire ranks fest with a total of 68.240 miles Plans are now under way and are nearly completed for the purchase of the Eastern Air Lines trom the North Anuevican Av for @ sim of tion, The, $9,300,000. Captain Bddie Rickenbacker is to purchase Treads “the group. whi the holdings. Rickenbacker will doubt remain as president of the Tine but will relingtsh his post of vice president and director of North Ameri- can Aviation Reports have it that the Lockheed Aireraft Corporation of Burbank, Cul fornia, is considering: the building of a ssenger airplane in response to Uhe Pan-American request for such a craft, Hall L. Hibburd, chief engineer nd vice-president of the concern, a= y has a design on the board, and ever | ‘King on 1 200,000- pound ship built along the lines of the fiying-wing.” Tn response to the Army's 100-plane contract offer for a freight ship, the Lockheed firm plans a modified Model bin which all ten seats will be removed and to which ysill he added a inch ister” in the eabin roof to accommo: ate the carrying of three of the Air “orps' largest nero engines sshich weigh aout half a ton each, Already, this ship Tay Deen dubbed the Flying Dromeda United Airlines reeently celebrated the fact that ever 2 period of thirty ays 0 stewardess lid resigned (6 get married. It was the flest tim years What ® month had passed without Yeast one of the gitls enpitule upid. During 1837 ao ess stewardesses were lost to the line in that roan, AIR FORCES. Reports from France indiente that the French government is negotiating. with American fiems for the purchase of 800 military planes to make up for in Freneh production, No d {ails on the types involved oF the con ‘vanies considered were available. The British Royal Air Force, after Tengthiy tests eovering a period of about 1 Wright Bros, Flight—Kitty Hawk, N.C. 2 Lindbergh's Flight New York to Paris 3 The orgenization of The National Flying Squadron For the student flyer uparon was erated forthe th np fieanced lite front Fe ie Pilot. ‘WELCH AIRPLANES « decided to replace much of the machine-gun equipment on British military: planes. It is believed the new Vickers-Berthier will he- come the light fexible gun and American Browning the weapon. Already plans have been for the production of the A weapon in British factori The new Supermarine Spitfire inter: ceptor-fighter is now in production for British fighter squadions, ‘The plane dias a top speedt of more {hun 90 map and a special scuped-up version is being Drepored for an attack on the world’s Tand-plane speed record, Miny Amerieans ill learn with re gret that “Won” May, warctime squa pel of Roy Brown, who is credited ie defeat of Baron Manfred von has lost the sight of one tovo yenrs, with Richthofen, eye as the result of a serious operation, For years Mav has been aetively con: Canadian sir transports nected wit tion, ‘The Brazilian Air Foree has acquired the three Savola-Marchetti bombers whieh recently flew the South Atti Premier Musiolini made Tradil « pre ent of Ue ship piloted by his son, event of February flight of fi Boeing YB The outstan Army Mian to Lima, Pera, in less than 16 Comps hours. ‘They flew the 2.500 miles from Tima to Buenos Aires in 1234 hou nal tactical effckeney awart 7 has been given to thi Attack Squadion, whieh is attacl the 18th Pursuit Group and. stationed al Wheeler Field, Schofield Barracks, TH. The award is bas of barracks and area, apy sonnel, dom neatiess of aircraft and the ae Of training dine 19th Pursuit Th Wheeler Field, T, Hy recently took over Squadron at anew fsing boat of the S48 type. Tt is affectionately known as the “Rabbi” by the pilots of the outiit, Ik wi used for off-shore patrols and acc eam nan toy He ilo « tas at ae a 87 Events In Aviation 1720 MISHAWAKA AVE. SOUTH BEND, IND. CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY An opportunity to contact a large field on a small lineage, Rate 10¢ per word (Mi with order, imum 20 words). Address: Cash AIR TRAILS CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 79 Seventh Avenue, New York City “HOW TO yes A PUNCH m At come 7 sane | Hite Please mention ATR TRAILS when answering advertisemients,5 88 panying the P-265 and new attack ships ‘on over-water missions. ‘The 8rd Bombardment Squadron stationed at Luke Field has been de voting much of its missions. With exclusive use of the new floating target of the sth Com- posite Group, this squadron lias 1 ble to carry on quite a lot of intensive bombing training. ‘The 2th Pursuit Squadron of Sel- fridge Field, Mich recently completed fan arduous air treks which carried them ‘8 distauce of 4,600 miles and across fifteen States, With two exceptions the P.g6's stood up well under the heavy grind, A clogged strainer foreed Lieue tenant Julian M. Bleyer down at Val- paraiso on the Tourth day, but both pilot and plane landed without damage. Lieutenant James 1, Bledsoe was forced to abandon his ship shout miles west of San Antonio when the engine suddenly failed Great Britain plans to have an air force of at least 10,000 planes within a year, A sum of $513,600,000 has been set aside to complete tle seeret ait de fense plans, In the past year 4500 pilots and 40,000 aviation mechanies Ihave joined the service. The new German Heinkel fighter powered with a Junkers Jumo cil-bien- me to bombing ing engine, and is armed with two aire craft cannon set inside the wines. and two fixed machine guns under the en gine cowl Britain i¢ “enjoying” 2 spy seare sim lar to that recently disclosed in. the United States, Already one “anystery ombes” as been lost somewhere in the Cheviot Hills with a orew of three. All efforts to locate the plane have failed to turn up any trace of it, and the newspapers in London are playing up the possibility that it may have been flown across the North Ses Tian government has voted a for tho air de fens necds of 1938-99. With thi money 75 new planes will be purchased, five air bases will be set up along the Pacific Experiments are being carried out al Tangley Wield with the launching of jeavg airplanes under service eondi« ins by catapult 8, Navy Tighter-than-air craft will ‘be painted blue in the future to aid in eamouflaging them in action. ‘MISCELLANEOUS ‘Amy Johnson, noted British girl flyer, is taking up gliding and recently crderedt an H-17 glider. ‘A German pharmaceutical firm is nov AIR TRAILS prepared to send at any time to any point in the country a privately owned je bearing Serums and trained petsonnel to meet epidemics or other emergencies, J.C, Franklin, Te We A. supori tendent of communications, thas been warded the Air Board sufety award for 1997, Franklin perfected the diree- tional radio antenna for the guidance of stormetossed airmen, A. record for “high landings” was tablished recently in Peru whe Commander Manuel Escalante, chiet of the aviation squadron at Tquitos, wus forced down on the surface of a lake at aan elevation of 15,000 feet, high in the Sierras of Central Peru, Owing to the rarified atmosphere at this altitude, i vas impossible to take off again ftom the surface of the lake, and the ship had to be dismantled ‘The Any Air Corps is still seeki candidates Tor Flight Cadet sppoint- ments, On March 8th there were still openings for M2 men who have had at Teast tivo years of college and who can pass the physical examination, Tn spite of past experiences with, lurge Tighterthan-xir ships, the Howse Naval Affairs Committee recently ale Tocated sum of $8,000,000 for a new dirigible, THE RISER RIDER (Continued from page 59) motor run, if you know your model and ‘can keep it flying in just the right cirele. Tf you are in doubt as to the size of motor yon are going to use, eut skid for largest motor. Later you can make fa reduction plate of Tight steel with holes to fit both motors and a cut-out to fib the smaller. ‘As most of the tanks furnished will not work efficiently with 14 ounce o> Tess, make a stnall gas tank holding about $ onmee of gas from sheet metal Tf a Cyclone is used, the tank must be ‘mouited on a bleck so that the bottom i about $6” above the motor skid. Tn the writer's opinion suction-fved motors (Brown, ete.) sxe more efficent than the gravity-foed kind. Mount tank on ‘the skid aud when motor is put in, eon ect the bottom of the tank to the ‘motor with rubber tubing. Use 4" fine screws for attaching Drackels to fire wall. No. screws are needed to fasten bracket to skid as motor serews go Through both. Cut feross-pieces and assemble Lody sides, putting in nose asembly last. ‘Top fross-pieces at rear are not to stay iy but put them in first in order to Tine up the assembly, Pot short pins im all joints and apply an extra coat of thin flue all around, Cover sides with 29” sheet, gluing to all members, ‘Trace [M6 template on both sides of fuselage ft rear, putting reference line of the air= foil right on the thrust line. Cut away covering and frame so that elevator can be slid into place. Glue fimmly. Cover Yotlom of body with sheet balsa. Glue fn Ix¥gxl0” battery track. Put in wit- ing_ according to Plate 1. Solder all conuections carefull Switch plugins are saownted on a thin panel of hard wood, (Our plug-ins were taken from an old radio. tube socket). Wires passing over motor skid are alued down, Cover condenser wires with glue, A Burgess battery was tised on this model, but regulation bat- tery box and flashlight batteries may be ised, Sevr and glue wing hooks on side Gf body. Cover the ton of the body Except whete ving goes on. Sand smooth. Make rudder top and bottom using 44a1” balsa outline all_ around. Use sole 3/54” ribs of streamfine shape and cover shaded portion with” sheet, Cover with silt and glue to the ody, Set ab zero degree angle. Filet A tail connections with plastic balsa (balsa savedust mized with glue or thick dope). Mold with fingers, When ery, sand and cover with strips of silk, Cover wwiole body with si Bend landing gear from 1%” steel wire, Bend a £9” strip so that it has a 4” center, 8” struts and, 11" axles Bend a rear piece with 4” center and 19% struts, Wrap rear to front at axles syith fine copper wire and solder. Sew Tanding gear to fuselage with heavy thread and flood with glue. Dope body svith three or four coats. ‘The Riser Rider was finally: doped yellow ‘Serew motor on skid, attach wires and gas line, Tho model will be improved with cowling ent from « balsa block fas suggested on plans, and with a filet of plastic balsa fitting up under th wing. However, the model will tur in real. performances without them, Pick « quiet day to test model. Tt should balance at middle of wing. Move batteries to adjust. First try aliding Face model on runway into the wind and give a gentle push. Increase power Gf the shove until the model takes ofl climbs to thres o: four feet and comes to a gentlo Innding. Next. try hn aunching a haldeven times om 3 ia the model banks, block up at. center for Lemporary adjustment, For first pow cred flight, hve motor sun only a few seconds, Never put in more than Ys ounce except at contests. Never put in ‘mora than 20 seconds of gay wnless ou fave a ene all ready to 90. (Note: Weighing 34 pounds, the model has a swing loading of 9 ounces per square foot. For new weight rules use very hard balsa or slightly larger ses to raiso weight 6 ounces, Wing area is upprosimately 6.2 square fet). ’ - eeSSS = Stanley W. Smith Our Silver “C” guest pilot this month is Stanley W. Smith, long active in tliding circles, and he reports as fole lows “My beg the fall of 193 Juve Michigan Gliding Club. For the fol- three years I was an instructor club and was elected its presi- n 1998-34, my senior year. ‘The mmer of 1992 saw me as an entrant in my first National competition after having heen an enthusiastic spectator the previous year. T made the first lew on mg Silver “C” on my second soaring. flight when T was aloft for 8 hours and 10 minutes at Ue stune time that Jack O'Meara was doing his § hours and 18 minutes in the Chanute sailplane. 1 vas flying the Franklin utility in avhich T had leaned to fly. At the end of the contest T was declared the Out standing Junior Pilot for the 19 “In the 1983 Contest, after winning tivo firsts and one second place in the tree major events, T was awarded the National Soaring Champiouship. My ship was again the Fraailin utility. Tn the 1934 Contest I was able to qualif for the sccoul leg of the Silver "G” with an altitude fight of over #100 feet ina Franklin, Tt was my pleasure to as a test pilot. CRASH! A sensational article by Lee Geblbach in the July issue of Air Trails. The inside story of airplane racing revealed by a pilot who has distinguished himself by his par in the Bendix and Thompson events and by his colorful career tum the Evans Trophy over to Dick duPont, who had established a world’s distance record in his Allutross salle plane In August, 1994, I flew with Jack O'Meara and Tt. E, Franklin on’ the Tustig Sky Train fights from New York to Washington and return, Tn January, 1933, T went to Wilaington, Delaware, with BowlisduPont Sule pla, Ine., anid worked with N. Heath MeDovvell on the design and eonsteuc- tion of the duPont utility whieh Hank Wightman flew to Middletown from Elmira in 1986, probably the longest flight ever made in 2 utility type ship. "In the 1935 Contest I was able to win first_plaeo in distance for utility gliders with the usual Fralin, After putting on a mumber of aerobatic ex hibitions at Recheste: and LeRoy dur- ug the following summer and fall, T took a Cadet IL utility to the Shenane ddoah: Soaring Contest at Big Meadows, Virginia, in October and although weather couditions were too poor for any good soaring flights, was awarded the Luray Post ‘Trophy as cliampicn of the meet “During the 1936 competition T was finally able to complete the require. ments for the Silver “C” with a distance flight of 35. miles in a Rhon-Bussarel ‘ailplane, reaching a one time an alti tule of 5460 feet. This was amy frst flight in that particular ship and also ny first opportunity to fly a sailplane in any contest, ‘Shortly before the 1956 Contest I as employed by the New York State Aviation Schools to do some desian work for them, However, Twas shortly sent to Elmira as Director of Aviation School there and then, in Februury of 1937, was transferred’ to ties, where T immediately began the design and construction of a side-by- side utility lider, Following its come pletion in June T airpline-towed it to Elmira for the 1997 Conte ing several days late, sat-on the ground tuntil the end’ of the meet waiting. for an opportunity to do some soaring. in it. T have since been able to soar th ship for over an hour with evide very satisfactory performance. “T am now engaged in the design of ‘an airplane which will be constructed at the New York State Aviation Sehocl, where I an Supervising Director. have been a Director of the Soar. ociety of America for the past two and, arsiv= pation of 89 ROMANCE WRECKED BY UGLY PIMPLES? Here is how to help keep skin- irritating poisons from your blood Ivednoling hiekies rb vou ur cuca for fend ign aell your food tiie Find uC what the ouble may be and take seb < the years of adoloscens an? glands seu deve At the samo timo intestinal wasto poteons 0 ofl deposited in the blood eitaseeaed By jritate tho senci lve akin of pour eee snd shoulders. Pimples brent eat blo the Rea hii ha sila? the nn ok eve a era i nn ohana Kc foe, Cae i THE RECORD HOLDER EST” CONTEST. TIME: mee eee woe ¥90 fF WORLD'S RECORD GLIDER (Continued fro to determine the sliding angle. Through the kind and acenrate assistance of Mr. Roul Hollman, « wellknown aeronate tical caginees, Uke record holding glider was found t have a aliding angle of 15 to 1, In other word, for every foot of altitude lost the model flew thirloen fest forward, Now when you consider the fact that. a glider is the highest developed model used solely for slidiny ‘you can ensily see how utterly fantastic it is for some model enthusinst to sey hhe has a model with » 20 to 1 gliding, angle, especially when Uial model is Hindered with propeller and Ianding, gear, Wien choosing the wood for this highly developed type of lier, ex treme ea ‘he exercieed to ob- tain the kind which as the areight anc ‘other peoperlies necessary to yield the best results. ‘The wood should weigh ab pounds per cuble foot. ‘Lighter wood will not be strong enough, and heavier wood will only increase the wing loading The prefered type of Wood is kuown 9s semi C stosls or sem lider construction and may be identifed by ils speckled o: flaky appearance, Pure quarter-grained wood is very: sti and will not warp, Ujough it is of advantage sometimes to slightly wasp the surfaces of a glider to obiait flue adjustments, and full qui ter-srained wood will split when this is done, When scmi-guarler-grained wood is vised it will be found after shaping the swing that the leading edge is pure qnarter-rrained, tapering out tom more flesible grained wood at the trailing ‘edge, This type of eut zelains the anti warp properties, yet when intentionally Tent iL will not split. Care must also be taken to obtain wood of constant weight and texture throughout. Most model builders have Uieir own pet surface to wore upon, but precau- tions must he taken to see that no ridges or nicks get into. the wood through bumpy or fiteredanp work eae 68) Denches, We have found old magosines provide a soft, flat and smooth working surface, The pages ean be torn off and discarded when they begin to yet fuzzy ‘or accumulate wads of coment. ‘Aller the outline of the wing has been cut from the chosen sheet of wood, ssnall block: plane will prove handy in roughly shaping out the airfoil, Then the section is enrefully worked in, start ing with coarse sandpnper and working: down to #100, Tf the sandpaper is rmalsing ridges in the wood swll be mini- rized, Frequent use of ruler and cali- pers will asst in getting hoth panels iene. After all sanding is com pleted, rub the wood vigorously with the back of the $#10-0 sandpa press all fuzz anc sanding dist into the pores of the wood, ‘The finish on a glider is of prime importanee, not so much for the de- crease in skin Friction, which does help considerably, ul for the inereased surcugth obiained, and the greater ac- curacy of wisfoil scotion, ‘The finish unites the cells of the wood and forms ‘a thin skin over the wood. ‘This skin stressing helps enormously in keeping the wings from being “thrown off.” When w good smooth finish is obtained the aisfoil seation is more accurate and a better L/D ratio is obtained, which oosts the sliding angle, A good grade of glider polish should he used. In case you do uol prepare your own favorite solution any popular Do not use unplasti- Drand will sufiee, ized dope of ‘work the wood badly A coat of wood filler, which is also plasticized, that is, unade flesible, should i to provide a simooth ase for the finish, ‘The wood filler should be of the consistency of warm honey, and is subbed into the wood, This causes it to penetrate and unite tho cells of the wood and All the pores, - When fully dry the surface is sanded down AIR TRAILS. to the bare wood. Only the wood file inthe pores is useful, that on the sur Tce being extra veeght. ‘The next two oats of glider polish are brished on ‘vith intermediate saudings with 21040 Sindpaper. Although the ingredients of 2 goon! fish are important, 90¢ of the results depend pon careful sand Blbow-gtease is cheap, so use plenty of it, TE yom dese on extra high Lister apply 1 coat of Johnson's Glo-Coat or silo Simonize TAIL SURFACES The tail surfaces are made by the same procedure as the wing, Care must be taken to prevent the thin surfaces from warping, terofore only one coat ‘of polish is applied ocer the wood filler ‘The elevator shape used his the ad- vyautage of « fonger tail moment arm os fa shorter stile, because the area is fur- ther to the rea than when an elliptical outline is used, ‘This allows lighter con- stration und less clay to be used as Tialance on the nos. ‘The rudder is slightly Meher than conmon practice dictates, but this has Toeen found to he move effective in fight tine to the fet thal it is not blanketed fas mitch by Ue elevator at high angles fof attack, FUSELAGE, Wood of the sume weight as the st porting surfaces should he chosen the fuselage blank, After long expen fence it has been found that this type vf fuselage has great advantages over ‘oue which is quite hard and thin. Tb fs stronger and Fighter, The thin, hard faselage tends to flutter when throws hard, which invereases resistance, amd rill alto vibrate violently and. shatter upon impact. An elliptieal eross-sction shape hax been chosen because it offers Tess drag in all fight positions. ‘The fusclago shape is such that it es a fine stable force arrangement ‘with good practical features. ‘The semi- ‘ving mount intogral with the fuselaxe allows « good firm grip, yet does away srith extra time and glue joints neces: sary when a buill-up wing mount is ANNUAL GLIDING AND SOARING NUMBER In addition to our regular Gliding and Soaring Department, the July Air Trails will feature Harvey Bowlus’ “Baby Albatross” on the cover, with a descriptive, illustrated article on the ship by Frank Tinsley. The Model Department will contain plans for miniature model of this plane. a ie lalwn ee ode AIR TRAILS wn NEW ANNUAL EDITION FLYING for 1938 America’s Popular Book on Aviation * 256 Pages More than 250 Halftone Illustrations and Drawings—1i Chapters T—Aaventures Over Land and Sea. II—With the Army Air Corps. TH—With the Navy's Air Forces. IV—Coast Guard Aviators. V—Air Lines of the United States. VI—Private Flying. V1I—Aerial Service Operations, VIII—Airways and Airports. IX—Training and Educa- tion, X—New Things in the Air. XI—Federal Government Activities. ro -MAIL COUPON TODAY-==—=—=—~—=— J Acronautieal Chamber of Commex AIT, 1-38 80 Rockefeller Plaza, New York ‘of America, Ine. Mail (postpaid) copies of FL J enclose $ Money order ) 1 I i 1 tL check ff" 8: I I 1 1 1 USA, and Cansida $1.50, Ehewhere $2.00 PO, Address... ‘wed. ‘The wing is not cemented to the ADJUSTING AND LAUNCHING When ready for w hard launching do semi:mount for the full eord because te joint is likely to warp the trailing edge at that point, and heeause the thin edge gives no gain in strength, fuselage is finished in the usual nay, but six coats of polish are used, This gives it eehiloid skin which is smooth and remarkably strong. ASSEMBLY When assembling the finished parts extreme eare must be taken to see that the alignment is accurate, Of all pos sible errors, falling to do this is the most disastrous, as a glider sll not perform well if it'is poorly aligned, no matter how good the construction atherwise Use cement generously in attaching the parts; the added weight will pay for itself After the parts are Tined up well, and thoroughly dry, the fillet at the win and fuselage junction is added, “This is ‘moulded in Tike elay, as it is a. solution of plasticized cement and balsa. dust. When thoroughly diy it is sanded dow smooth and a evat of wood filler rubbed in to fill the pores. When this coat is diy it fs sanded smooth with 10-0 and given @ number of coats of cement. This fillet doereases drag quite a good eal, but, more important, it increases yore than not hesitate to use plenly of enerpy. Strive for maximum altitude, in order to give the model sufficient altitude to recover from a possible dive, which m resull in a bad erack-up, Maximum allie tude also allows plenty of time to get tmder and catch the glider in case of After assembly has been completed and rechecked, the model is balanced on. the tips of your two index fingers, which are placed under the wing tips. Cheek with the ©. G. location on the plans and make any vecessary adjustments by ring the amount of clay On the nose of the Fuselage And remember this: Ne smooth out or streamline U the nose will cut one or two seconds from your flight time. Mr. Hoffman and T tested a glider which lind heen consistently doing 48 seconds. The clay. fon the nose was rong and crudely ap- plied. After carefully smoothing 1 has his own indi inching, the side- the most efficent. 1rm_-motion. seems Hold the glider in 2 vertical position as though in a vertical bank and take three rapid steps forward, As your weight comes onto the right foot (if you right-handed), swing your arm forward ina wide are. At the same time t clay down by wetting and rubbing into ho arcane! form, Wight testy 204" NE to the lurching i wert again made, ‘The time then ayer 184 Your left foot down simultancously with the swing of your arm, Additional seeamds with no other changes aged M0 fq seed is given the glider by in adjustments, "This test alone sh mapping prove conclusively that every Hille im. tHe Wrist just as your ame reaches its cnt on &. made! sted being 0st forward postion, The bank of ee nee ate Tre is ertodel ab Talitetngias on pcb (He a natural tuning bank, In other swords, ote if you are right-handed your glider Hbeseotel Tecataeoe edt fee mu tel 130 itu deacon iniMlatee ctcleg’ AAAe glide, which is made from about a four foot altitude. When a satisfactory is oblained faster launchings may be ‘made, keeping, the bank with the natural turn, Fly the model in this stage until ou mre thoroughly farniliar with its sand until the best settings Tf you ced at flying gliders try to follow this procedure But practice is necessary, Tt requires ime and patience to develop x road slider arm for mnasimem altitude a & good pull-out at the peak of the fight. ts peak altitude re inexperie performanc Please mention ATR TRAILS when answering advertisements,92 PUSHBUTTON PILOT (Continued from page 31) ‘The chief didn’t even hear him. He vas already: swinging Uie plane around, heading luck to the elear air above to try to find Section Two and inci to Barton what the trouble wa beyond that he was stumped Terry wasn't, though. “See here.” he told the chief (end T mean told, not asked), “hin we find Barton T can fly formation with him aml he ean land us Toth at once with his radio. ‘That wasn’t as erary as it sounded ‘at firs, ‘The chief knew that Army Pilots could fly formation in clear air snd he knew they could laud in forma tion, but formation landing in fox was something else again, Well, iL was their only chance, Now, mayhe the chief should have tried it himself, and Tin not saying that he couldn't have done the job, but as he considered that fn al his yeaes of flying in all Kinds of planes and all Kinds of weather he hadn't had as much as ten minutes of formation ying, he made the right do- cision, turned the eontrols over to the Ikid and watched him go to work. Tn « minute they were above the clouds again, ond luck was with them, for just ahead they saw the sin shining fon the metal wings of Section Two. Jerry swung his plane in a large circle ‘ancl ganged the turn beautifully so that he came in elose alongside Barton's plane, flying parallel to it. ‘That was f smooth piece of work in itself, at those high speeds, and the chict felt hiis confidence in the Kid rise a hundred es cent, Barton was looking at them curion ‘wondering what was going on, so Jerry indicated that his radio was no. good dy Kolding up the headset where Barton could see it and shaking his head and holding his nose. ‘Then he held up Doth hands side by side, like this, imitat- ing two planes flying in formation. Bur- ton began to get the idea and he nodded very emphatically to show Terry that Ihe understood, ‘Then he turned back to his own instruments, spoke into the radio to tell the ground station what was going on, cut bacle the throttles a bit and starled foe the ground Nov, it. seems that the big trick of Jnncling in formation is to keep_ close alongside the leading plane without overtaking it, That's bard enough at any time, but the problem is compli- fated on these transport planes because ‘ye land them with the wing flaps, oF air Drakes, tumed down to seduce the air- speed. Jerry knew that in the fox and darkness he wouldn't be able to sce Barton lower the flaps on the Tea plane, so he told the chief, by to. put the flaps down Ihave trouble staying beh for God's sake work: fast ed himself into. the safety belt tighter, wrapp ‘around the throttles and flew formation. ‘They were losing altitude rapidly and Terry was flying to the # plane and a little behin@it, Just before Usey went into the clouds Te slid in so ‘lose to Section Tyvo that the chief held his breath for a long minute as their left wing tip played! tag with the trailing edge of Barton's right wing. Tt must Ihave given the passengers thrill, but Passengers are pretty good about sich things. If something goes wrong they either don’t know enotigh to be scared for they won't show it in front of ether passengers. Both planes bad turned on their ron- ning Tights just. before going into: the clouds and the fog made a green. hnze ‘around Barton's right wing light, just ahead of the red glow around Jerry's left swing. Seetion Two was just a dim shape in the fog Haye you ever flown formation on ‘You stan Then he set- pled “his a bumpy day? No, of course you haven't, Well, it’s hard work, even when you don't have fourteen passen- gers depending on you, and Jecry was sure feeling his responsibility thea, He hhad to hold his plane in close to Bar- ton’s for if he once Tost contact in tut fox he'd never be able to find it again, Dut the wing wash from Barton's plane e such close formation darned hard physically as well us meatally, He sure didn’t have time to look at any instruments, Tt was just a ease of con- trol stick, rudder and throttles, wateh the other plane and keep his position at all costs, AIR TRAILS When they were down to three thou sand feet it was so dark that the outline ‘of Section Two had faded and. Jerry Thad nothing to steer by except the green alow from Barton’s wing. He was fight- ing the controls in the bumpy air, but he was Keeping his place so. steadily that the chief could hardly seo any hinge in the relative position of the planes, just a little rising and falling though they were-ancliored side by. side co the ocean and moving up and dows fom a gentle ground swell. AU about a. thousand feet Barton swung in a wide eirelo to pick up the ‘or, “localizer” radio beara about two miles from the airport. Jer was on the outside of the circle and Tind to gun both motors and bank pretty steeply” to keep his position, and as Barton squared away for the landing and began to slow his glide, Jerry: had trouble staying behind and yelled at the chief to put the flaps down. ‘The chief vorked fast at the controls, but the flaps eame down slowly. Barton, not being used to leading formations, had ent his own speed too quickly. ‘The red wing light on Jerry’s plane be- gun to creep up on the green light on Barton's, ‘The red glow was actually Blending’ into the green one, Tl tell ‘you, mister, the ebiet was seared. But Jerry had one more trick. He kicked that plane into a steep side sip, pulling the owe way up into the air to tit pl wing tip in position beh Gradually the chiet got the full brake ing effect from the flaps and Jerry Mraightened ont to level fight. ‘They were down. low and. fii with just a lille power on sight ‘of the ground. Nothing but Blackness and the green Tight on Section Two. Jemy was matching every air hump and every movement of Barton plane with quick, precise handling of the controls, The chief bmeed. himself fand put one hand on the master j tion switch, just in case, . Terry. pilled ‘the nose of the ship. up lite, holding it just above stalling speed, in Inning postion, two or three feet lower thai Barton's ‘plane Suddenly it was all over. There was Slight jar and then both planes were The QUESTION MARK All questions pertaining to model construction problems should be addressed to Gordon S. Light. @ Answers will be given promptly by mail, thus avoiding delay. Enclose stamped, self-addressed envelope.eta Hs a AIR TRAILS rolling smoothly eloug the ground. y pulled over to the right, braked hurd and came to n stop. They had lnided about the middle of the long unloading ramp and the engines had stopped Jerry Jooked over at the chief and grinned. “Chief,” says he, “I guess What we iieed on ‘these planes isa formation button hus any more, Fired? Oh, no, he was offered a reg Jar commission in the Air Corps and now he’s hack with his old pues LIGHT PLANES ABROAD wiinued from page 26) hich make draft-tree and. quite enay to Lat SN Bel ee ee taal aol ths fo aan te reas acy Eoher cng Marte fi aergl tile a ae tte gm Fide etl Bea ee te Sst af ce ealote ti TEs, nee ae UE saat Sd ie ung ots soe gt hala ee we saatnel ane sean aE ca suite a tit Vn eran this he periopmcne Se heath ats erat Mae nd oly Aina Dhead I ae, Ba eet ble Sodas ei hdd nectte ial tcth “a ceoyotatt seeseal Mer tue Bh et Meat Htrenter ah in engike akeMo atte ie Bettin han edt ag ee ‘Shasta te hak ABU tt ide ae Mond er eighteen nile the Sian ele thet The et. Ped nigh aul oe ie at Sah mo ity soup aa Se i Siet Citae dra ai Geek QUESTIONS (Continued from pege4) ‘Multiple-bank inclines today are usually of two bonks, set either in V shape or directly opposite. ‘The only modern three-bank in-line that I know of off Fand is the Italian Tsotto: Asso-750R, an 18+ andthe only for Nayier Dagger, of either 24 or 16 eyli “ders set in Hi arrangement with the op posite banks driving two erankshatts Unt are genred to the pron shaft in the middle second question is easy, Am Tuas is the answer, squadron at Langley Field and prob- ably telling everyone what hot push- hhutton pilot he was when he flow for Mid-Continental See that Inch down by your wight heel, mister? Tt's just « dummy, noth- ing happens if you push it, but if you'l Took closely you'll see that it” says “Formation” on the Iundle, The chet Thad one put in eveay! plane on the line. Guess the old saseal's getting soft. headed in his old age. How do I know so much about it? Hell, mister, T'm the chief pilot for ithe age thoet ace Teacing tho tie CHA gu th Te tp ee les 1, Sees dike te watt Specifications ‘hotn Sot) Whee "nvea Performance: frei tence Sete icce sc eee 3 cca NE seat Cent ue 3.980, tia tie Ste Pasion, nes Grose Website Question: If the engine of a plane ts developing 250 m-p.h, and the plane goes into a dive and docs 300 mph does this have any effect on the engine or prop? M. B., New York City, Answer: Tt dees, the engine revs up fas the relative ait speed increases in a due to the lessening of the prop's Workload siguinst the force of gravity and the windmilling effect of the rushing air against the prop blades, ‘This inerease in r.p.n.'s may overheat or oth. ervise injure the engine, To. guard against it was one of the reasons for the development of the “eonstantespeed” prop, which holds the revolutions eon stant by changing the prop blades piteh, automatically for all air conditions, 93 INOW YOU CAN GE OUR SUPPLIES FOR GAS oR| UBBER-POWERED MODELS A} CUT PRICES SS geve Ph [ioe Fs egg feet 2 Fh erm

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