UNIT 2

THE HUMAN BODY

Aim: After this lesson, students are able to:

1. describe the human body from different levels in English basically

1. Body organization

Task 1 Read the text and fill in expressions you know from your previous study.

skeletal blood kidney muscular

liver movement nerve gesture
recycle nervous fat lung digestive

The human body is organized on the following four levels.

a) Cellular level ......................

The cell is the basic structural and functional ......................

compound of our body. Humans are multi-cellular ......................

organisms composed of between 60 and 100 trillion ......................

of cells which perform vital functions ......................

of life such as: m……….., g…….……, ......................

irritability, adaptability, repair and r……………. ......................

Cells are specialized to carry out specific functions. ......................

Examples of specialized cells are bone cells, ......................

f…….. cells, b……….. cells, muscle cells ......................

and n……..….. cells.

6
b) Tissue level .....................

There are four types of tissues - groups of .....................

similar cells performing specific function: .....................

epithelial, m……………., n……….…… and

connective tissues.

c) Organ level .....................

Two or more tissues joined to perform a particular .....................

function are called an organ. Organs vary in size and .....................

functions. Examples or organs are: the heart, the

k…………………, the l……………..………, the

l…………………., etc.

......................

......................
d) System level
......................
Body systems consist of various organs responsible
......................
for similar function, e.g. the respiratory system, s
......................
…………………..… system,
......................
d ………….….. s ystem, etc, . Certain organs
......................
may serve several systems, e.g. the pancreas
......................
belongs to the endocrine as well as digestive
.
systems. All the systems work together and

constitute the organism.

Task 2 : Complete the missing part of the chart.

noun adjective noun adjective

cell epithelium
structural organ
functional respiration
nerve systematic
digestion muscle

Task 3: Which levels of body organization do the pictures belong to?

a) ……….... b)…………. c) ……………. d) ………..……. e) …………….

2. The human body – from outside look

Task 4: Read the text and complete the missing outside body parts.
Part Body parts Pronunciation Meaning
Upper Head hed
Hair heə
Face feɪs
Ear ɪə
Eye aɪ
Nose nəuz
Mouth mauƟ
Forehead ´fɔːrɪd
Cheek tʃiːk
Chin tʃiːn
Lip lɪp
Middle Neck nek
Shoulder ´ʃəudə
Arm aːm
Forearm fɔːr´aːm
 Elbow ´elbəu
Hand hænd
Thumb/ ƟɅm/ ´fɪŋgə
fingers
Chest tʃest
Abdomen / ´æbdəumən/´belɪ
Belly
Breast brest
Hip hɪp
Navel ´nævl
Lower Buttock ´bɅtɒk
Leg legz
Thigh Ɵaɪ
Knees niːz
Foot / Feet fuːt/ fiːt
Toes təuz
Ankles ´æŋklz

The human body is divided into following parts that can be identified on its

surface: the h…….., the n…….., the trunk, and the extremities.
Task 5: Name the main parts of
a) of the human body b) of the upper extremity c) of the lower extremity

....... ........ ........

3. The body cavities

The human body is not a solid structure as it looks on the outside, but it has five main
cavities each containing internal organs and several smaller cavities within the head.

Task 6: Match the terms in the column A with the definition in the column B.
A B
………. 1 spinal cavity a contains the urinary bladder
………. 2 thoracic cavity b contains the stomach
………. 3 cranial cavity c space inside the skull
………. 4 pelvic cavity d the spinal cord is located there
………. 5 abdominal cavity e its colloquial name is the chest

Task 7: a) Complete the names of the main cavities

b) Mark the middle ear, oral, nasal, orbital cavities and sinuses.
4. Systems

Systems are the most complex of the units of the human body. The system is an

organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs so arranged that together they

can perform complex functions for the body. Major systems composing the human

body are as follows:

Skeletal Lymphatic Cardiovascular Muscular Respiratory Urinary

Reproductive Nervous Digestive Integumentary Endocrine

Task 8: Work with your partner, look up dictionary for these systems and decide
which picture matches with its name

2...........................
1...........................
3........................... 4...........................

5........................... 6...........................
7...........................
8...........................

10...........................

9.......................
 11........................... 12...........................

REFERENCES
1. Valdmanová K., English for nurses I, Prešovská univerzita, 2006
2. http://www.tutorvista.com/science/diagram-of-internal-organs
3. http://www.pennmedicine.org/health_info/body_guide/reftext/html/skin_sys_fin.html
4. https://www.activhealth.com/adam/bodyGuide/reftext/html/musc_sys_fin.html
5. http://www.docstoc.com/docs/95035399/Skeletal-System--provide-support
6. http://www.healthcentral.com/acid-reflux/8679-146.html
7. http://funny-pictures.picphotos.net/circulatory-system-diagram-of-the-human-
picture/classroomclipart.com*images*gallery*Anatomy*circulatory_system_diagram_
1219.jpg/
8. https://ehumanbiofield.wikispaces.com/Hormones+HW+MA
9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_system
10. http://www.drkevwe.com/recurrent-urinary-tract-infections-symptom-complex-and-
gold-standard-of-management-whether-streetz-or-glitz/
11. http://www.webmd.com/men/male-reproductive-system
12. http://www.webmd.com/women/female-reproductive-system