Faculty: Dr.

A Raghunath
 Solid Model v/s Part

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 Dimensional Variation

With in the part variation

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 Application of Geometrical Tolerances

GD&T

Part Features

Surfaces Feature of Size

Planar Axis

Circular Mid Plane

Irregular Centre Point

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 Geometric Tolerancing Controls

Types of Geometric Tolerances

Form

Profile

Orientation

Location

Runout

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 Geometric Characteristic Symbols

Type of
Characteristic Symbol Applicable For
Tolerance

Straightness

Flatness
Individual
Form
Features
Circularity

Cylindricity

Profile of a Line
Individual or
Profile
Related Features
Profile of a surface

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 Geometric Characteristic Symbols
Type of
Characteristic Symbol Applicable For
Tolerance

Parallelism

Orientation Perpendicularity

Angularity

Position
Related Features
Location Concentricity

Symmetry

Circular Runout
Runout

Total Runout

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 Feature Control Frame

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 Geometrical Variation in Planar Surfaces

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 Geometrical Variation in Planar Surfaces

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 Geometrical Variation in Planar Surfaces

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 Geometrical Variation in Planar Surfaces

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 Geometrical Variation in Planar Surfaces

40.6
40.2

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 Functional datums

Datum Symbols
Obsolete

-A-

Some examples of Showing Datums

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 Functional Datums

Planar Surface Axis

Mid Plane

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 Orientation

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 Parallelism

Parallelism between two surfaces

10.6
10.2

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 Perpendicularity

The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t

apart and perpendicular to the datum.

25 ± 0.2 0.4

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 ANGULARITY

The condition of a surface, center plane or axis being exactly

at a specified angle

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 Perpendicularity

This surface is supposed to be parallel to the surface plate

30 Angle
Master

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 Cylindricity

OR

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 Cylindricity

Tolerance zone for cylindricity is two concentric cylinders

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 Requirements of Cylindricity

Any cross-section
Axis should be should be circular
a straight line

Diameter should be
the same through out

Any line on the surface

should be a straight line

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 Straightness of Planar Surface

40.6
40.2

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 Straightness of Planar Surface

Straightness tolerance zone is limited

by two parallel lines 0.1mm apart.

40.6
40.2

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 Straightness of Planar Surface

40.6
40.2

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 Straightness of Circular Surface

Straightness of surface element of a cylindrical surface

The tolerance zone is limited by

two parallel lines 0.1mm apart.

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 Straightness of Axis

Straightness of axis of a body of rotation

The tolerance zone is a cylinder of  0.04 mm

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 Circularity Error

Circularity Error
Circularity tolerance zone is made of two concentric circles in the same
plane and having minimum possible radial distance between them.
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 Circularity Error

Circularity
Error

0.02 MAX A

A
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 Circular Runout

A composite control that affects the form, orientation, and

location of circular elements of a part feature relative to a
datum axis.

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 Run-out

Full Indicator Movement (FIM)

should be less than 0.75mm
A

Rotates about datum axis A

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 Total Radial Runout

Run-out tolerance applies to

the entire cylindrical surface

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 Concentricity
The condition where the median points of all diametrically
opposed elements of a cylinder (or a surface of revolution)
are congruent with the axis of a datum feature.

Cylinder supposed
to be concentric
with the datum axis

Datum Axis

Concentricity
Tolerance zone Datum Cylinder
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 Concentricity
Concentricity

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 Concentricity
Concentricity

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 Concentricity
Concentricity

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 Symmetry Tolerance of a Median Plane

The condition where the median

points of all opposed elements of
two or more feature surfaces are
congruent with the axis or
centerplane of a datum feature.

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 Symmetry Tolerance of a Median Plane

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 Positioning of Axis of Hole and Shaft

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 Positioning of Axis of Hole and Shaft

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 Positioning of Axis of Hole and Shaft

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 Positioning of Axis of Hole and Shaft

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 Coordinate Tolerances

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 Radial Gap Between Shaft and Hole

0.14 0.1

0.1

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 Coordinate Tolerances

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 Positioning of Axis of Hole and Shaft
Area of the Circle
Diagonal of the Square
= 1. 57 * Area of the Square
=
Diameter of the Circle

Radial
Deviation

Square Coordinate Round Position

Tolerance Zone Tolerance Zone
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 Coordinate Tolerances
B

C
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 Profile of a Surface
Profile of surface is a tolerance zone, three-dimensionally extending
along the length and width of the considered feature or features.

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 Tolerance zone for the part

Allowed Profile Variation is 0.1mm

True Profile

0.05
0.05

Offset Profiles
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 Tolerance zone for the part

The tolerance zone is two imaginary contoured surfaces

that are stated tolerance apart

0.1

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 Tolerance zone for the part

The entire contoured surface of the manufactured part should

lie within the tolerance zone.

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 Profile of a Surface

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 Profile of a surface All around

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 Profile of a Surface with Datums

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 Profile of a Line
Profile of a line is a two-dimensional tolerance zone, at any intersecting
normal plane, of the considered contoured surface feature.

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 Profile of a Line

Intersection plane

True Profile at the

intersection plane

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 Tolerance zone for the part

The entire contoured surface of the manufactured part should

lie within the tolerance zone.

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 Our Training Programs

Geometrical Dimensioning & Tolerancing (GD&T) as per ASME Y14.5

and ISO Standards
 Fundamentals - 1 / 2 / 3 days
 Advanced 1st Level – 2 / 3 days
 Advanced 2nd Level – 2 / 3 days
 ASME GDTP Preparation - Technologist – 12 days
 ASME GDTP Preparation - Senior Level – 12 days
 GD&T - Practical Demonstration of Measurements (in-house)

Tolerance Stack-up Analysis

 Fundamentals – 1 / 2 days
 Advanced – 2 / 3 days
Engineering Drawing Practices - 2 / 3 days

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 Our Training Programs

Design of Gauges, Jigs and Fixtures - 2 / 3 days

Design For Manufacture & Assembly (DFMA) - 2 / 3 days

Uncertainty of Measurements (UOM) - 1 / 2 days

Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA) - 1 / 2 days

Statistical Process Control (SPC) - 1 / 2 days

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) - 1 /2 days

Design of Experiments (DOE) - 1 / 2 days

Welding Drawings & Technology - 1 / 2 days

Strength of Materials - 2 / 3 days

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 Aditi Consultancy Services
Phone/Fax: 080-26580711; Mobile: 9449612671

Email: Training@aditiconsultancy.com

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