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PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION USING PRIMAVERA

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 8, Issue 8, August 2017, pp. 538–549, Article ID: IJCIET_08_08_055
Available online at http://http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.
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ISSN Print: 0976-63088 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
0976

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN
IN CONSTRUCTION
USING PRIMAVERA
Hitanshu Saini, Khushpreet Singh, Uma Malik
Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University,
Gharaun, Punjab, India

ABSTRACT
For the successful completion of a project, planning and scheduling are two most
important factors. The demand of construction industry requires a precise planning,
scheduling and management which can allow the overall optimization of the cost, time
and resources. Due to the increase in workloads and shrinking resources
resources public work
department found new technology which helpshelps to manage the project easily. Project
management software is used as a tool for managing and organizing work which helps
industries to grow in a rapid
ra manner. There are so many computer software
softw are
available in market now a days which is such as MSP, Primavera p6,etc…for doing
project management. With the help for these software proper planning and controlling
of project can be done. Primavera can easily compare between the planned progress
off construction work and actual progress of construction project. Project management
software Primavera P6, include collecting, recording, monitoring, controlling and
reporting information concerning project performance. In this study, study the project
controlling and monitoring can be done and the causes of delays can be find out. For
doing this a four storey building of Ayurveda research center has be taken, which is
situated in the Pandoh, Mandi(H.P). A scheduled project on Primavera P6 was
monitored and typess of delays were analyzed which in turn increased the total time of
the project.
Key words: construction; optimization; management; Primavera; controlling.
controlling
Cite this Article: Hitanshu Saini, Khushpreet Singh, Uma Malik,
Malik Project Management
in Construction using Primavera
imavera. International Journal of Civil Engineering and
Technology, 8(8), 2017,, pp. 538–549.
538
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1. INTRODUCTION
Construction industry is the second largest industry in India. The time available for achieving
its goal is shrinking. There are so many problems being faced by the industry that must be
taken care of as Project management is the procedure of the utilization of learning, aptitudes,
devices, and strategies to extend exercises to meet venture prerequisites. There are mainly six
phases of project management which is as follows

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 Project Management in Construction using Primavera

• Project Definition: Defining the goals, objectives and critical success factors for the project
• Project Initiation: Everything needed to set up the project before work can start
• Project Planning: Detailed plans of how the work will be carried out, including time, cost
and resource estimates
• Project Execution: Doing the work to deliver the product, service or desired outcome
• Project Monitoring & Control: Ensuring that a project stays on track and taking corrective
action to ensure it does
• Project Closure: Formal acceptance of the deliverables and disbanding of all the elements
required to run the project
There are so many software are available in the market. But now a days, MSP and
Primavera are most popular software which is used. Primavera is amazing software which can
be used for small as well as large project. In this software we can control and monitor as many
projects at one time.

2. PRIMAVERA
Primavera is used for making project management smooth. It is helpful in civil engineering
for creating strategies, controlled the delay of project and determines the optimum use of
resources.. Primavera is used to complete the project within specified time and cost. It is the
application of skills, tools and techniques to project activities in order to fulfill the demand of
the owner. Primavera program is used to scheduling, controlling and estimating all types of
projects.
P6 EPPM is a completely online interface with the goal that venture group can get to the
venture data at anyplace and whenever. P6 EPPM can give arranging, planning, cost and asset
administration programming that empowers association to settle on educated choices and
enhance their capacity to convey projects and tasks on time and on spending plan.
P6 EPPM likewise helps in
• It is a far reaching venture administration arrangement supplier.
• Used and recognized comprehensively
• It can deal with different tasks in a brought together area
• It gives the choice to incorporate ERP or bookkeeping framework.
• It is an electronic venture administration, giving the venture group access to their activities
anyplace and whenever.
• It is a 100% online UI that covers the entire venture administration lifecycle.

2.1. Controlling and Monitoring

Monitoring and control can be done for the timely completion of a construction project. It can
helps to project management for doing the work as per decided . It gives proper check on
project which ultimately remove the quiries. With the help of controlling and monitor we can
check our daily progress. Now a days many construction management software such as
Primavera P6 can be used for controlling and management.

2.2. Delays
There are several definitions for delay. In the construction management simplest definition is
given by Mubarak (2005) as “ a condition or an event that result in finishing the project later

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 Hitanshu Saini, Khushpreet Singh, Uma Malik

than stipulated in the contract.” In another study, to make something happen in later than
expected time.
Types of Delays:
• Critical or noncritical
• Excusable or non excusable.
• Compensable or non compensable
• Concurrent or non concurrent

2.3. Main Objective of the Study

• To find out the start or end of a particular activity.
• To find out the project completion date.
• To adjust and determine the conflicts between subcontractors and the trades.
• To find out and predict the cash flow.
• To calculate the effect of changes.
• To resolve delay claims.
• To serve as a project control tool.

3. METHODOLOGY
• Personal interviews with working people at site.
• Collection of data and their analysis.
• Project can be made on the Primavera according to collected data from site.
Steps involved in monitoring and control of Ayurveda Research Center project are
1) Make schedule :-To make a schedule for any project, first of all collect data available for
the project. Subsequently the following steps can be followed in Primavera.
2) Enterprise project structure (EPS) :-Make the structure of the company with its branches,
which is executing the project. This is known as Enterprise project structure (EPS).
3) Organizational breakdown structure (OBS) :- After the EPS, OBS is made which is a
hierarchical shape structure, that shows the persons responsible for the projects in the
enterprise.
4) Create a new project :- A project is a collection of activities and associated information that
constitutes a plan for creating a product or service. The project is made under the respective
divisions in Enterprise Project Structure. And allocate the person in charge from Organization
Breakdown Structure to it. Planned start and must finish dates can be given to project. The
project is allocate a calendar which can be global, resource or project calendar.
5) Work breakdown structure (WBS):- WBS is a hierarchical structure of work that must be
able to complete a project. Each project has its own WBS hierarchical structure. Each WBS
element may iclude more detailed WBS levels, activities, or both in it as shown in figure 1.
6) Determining activities:- Activities are the fundamental work elements of a project and , are
the smallest part of a project. An activity has mainly the following characteristics such as
activity ID, name, start and finish dates, activity calendar, activity type, activity codes,
constraints, expenses, predecessor and successor relationships, resources, roles etc, shown in
figure 2.

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 Project Management in Construction using Primavera

7) Relations between activities :- To from a network, thee activities should be linked to each
other,
ther, which is done by allocating preceding and succeeding activities with significant
relationship to the activities.
• Finish to start (FS) relationship.
• Finish to finish (FF) relationship.
• Start to start (SS) relationship.
• Start to finish (SF) relationship.
As shown in Figure 3.

Figure 1 Work breakdown structure

Figure 2 Determination of activity

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 Hitanshu Saini, Khushpreet Singh, Uma Malik

Figure 3 Relation between activities

8) Finding activity duration:- When the planning the work is done,, the duration is entered in
the original duration field. The actual duration can
ca only be filled for the activities, which are
completed.
9) Activity dates:- The following are the types of activity dates which are available in the
primavera; actual start, actual finish, planned start, planned
pl finish.
10) Activity cost:- The activity cost is the addition of all ll the cost incurred to finish the
activity.
11) Make baselines:- A simple
mple baseline plan is a finished copy of the original schedule which
provide a goal against which a project’s
project’ performance is tracked.
12) Update schedule
• If the project
ject is progressing like plan, then only required to estimate progress.
• If the
he project is not progressing like plan many activities are begins out-of-sequence,
out actual
resource use is proceed planned ed use, and then update should be done for activities
activi and
resources one by one.
• Most projects may includes few activities that progress as plannedd and some which do not. On
that case,
e, the best method is to joint the two updating methods.
13) Tracking:- Tracking window is i utilise for monitoring a project’ss progress by using
different categories of layouts such as laborr costs, project cost, resource forecasting, resource
allocation unit wise and cost wise.
• Monitoring and controlling can be done.
• Determinig results showing remedies over it.
• Identification of real and typical
typica categories and causes of delays.

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 Project Management in Construction using Primavera

o Critical or noncritical
o Excusable or non excusable.
o Compensable or non compensable
o Concurrent or non concurrent
Critical Vs Non critical Delays :- According to Trauner et al.,(2009) and Callahan et
al.,(1992), in any study of delays the primary focus is that to see the delay affects the progress
of the project or the completion date. The author again says that if the completion date of the
project is extended by delay then it is considered as critical delays. And the delays which do
not affect the project completion date are called as the noncritical delays. The issue of critical
delays is emerged from the Critical Path Method Scheduling. All the projects have its own
critical path. The completion date of the project will extended if the critical activities on the
path are delayed.
Excusable Vs Non excusable:- Basically construction delays are excusable or non
excusable. A delay is excusable or non excusable it depends upon the clauses in the contract.
Standard construction contracts specifies the type of the delays that will allow the contractor
for extension of time. In some contracts unexpected weather conditions are not considered as
excusable . So these contracts do not allow for any type of time extension.. Delays occurs
from the following issues are called as excusable.
• Labor strikes
• Fires
• Floods
• Acts of God
Compensable Vs Non Compensable Delays:- In some of the studies, authors says that
Excusable delay is classified in to two categories:-
• Excusable Compensable
• Excusable Non Compensable
Compensable delays are caused by the designer and the owner. The contractor is typically
entitled to a recovery and time extension of the costs which is related with the delays. Factors
which can effect the project and caused delays are such as :- different site conditions, changes
in the project work, access to site. Non-compensable delays as those which despite being
excusable do not entitle the contractor to any compensation. Excusable non compensable
delays are beyond the control of owner or contractor.
Concurrent Delay:- Mubarak (2005) states that a concurrent delays are the combination of
two or more independent causes of delays that occurs during the same time frame. According
to the author, a concurrent delay may includes non excusable and excusable delay. Another
definition given by Callahan et al. (1992) is that “more than one delay which is contributed in
project delay, not that the delays necessarily arise at the same time.”
The main delays are found in this study are as follows:-
Delays due to critical activities:
• Late start of handing over of construction site :- Shown in figure 4.
• Getting late work permits from the municipality:- Shown in figure 5.
• Delay in mobilization:- Shown in figure 6.
• Problems in excavation of foundation: Shown in figure 7.
• Late start of work:- Shown in figure 8.

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 Hitanshu Saini, Khushpreet Singh, Uma Malik

Figure 4 Late start of handing over of construction site

Figure 5 Getting late work permits from the municipality

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 Project Management in Construction using Primavera

Figure 6 Delay in mobilization

Figure
gure 7 Problems in excavation of foundation.

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 Hitanshu Saini, Khushpreet Singh, Uma Malik

Figure 8 Late start of work

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

DISCUS
Main delays are found in this study are as follows:-
follows:
1.Late handing over at construction site:-
site: In this project, Site received from pilling contractor
(ML031) was a critical activity,
activity which affected subsequent activities in the schedule.
According to the as-planned
planned schedule ML031 ML031 activity should have been finished on
25december, however the owner had few problems at that time because of organizational
deficiencies. And this activity was finished on 20 January. Unless the handing over of
construction site was finished, the following
following activities could not be started. There occurred
25-days delay in the as-planned
planned schedule caused by the owner.
2.Getting late approval from the municipality:-
municipality: In this project, Mandi Municipality Building
Permit (FEAA001)was again a critical activity which which affected subsequent activities in the
schedule. The work permits should have been taken until 13 december in regard to the revised
1st schedule; however the activity could not be finished until 31 december. Although the
contractor performed his own tasks
tasks on time, there occurred delay caused by project architects
as well as the provincial municipality. During the application process for getting work
permits, project architect presented related drawings to the municipality very late. On the
other hand, the main responsibility lay with the provincial municipality in this delayed event,
since the municipality misinformed the project architect about necessary documents at the
beginning of the application. Therefore, this delayed event was a result of external
exter factors.
3.Delay In mobilization:-InIn this Project, initial mobilization of personnel(NASMOB011) and
initial mobilization of equipment(NASMOB022)can also create delay in the project. The
contractor does not have enough equipment they can take equipmentequipment on rent. The contractor
can book the equipment on the starting date of mobilization but due to late handover of
project the contractor the again book the equipment with new date. And due to late handover,
handover
mobilization of personnel also delayed because the contractor can put their labor on another
project. And there was less labor is available in the locality. The contractor can take three
months for
or the mobilization of persons.
person It can create 10 days delays.

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 Project Management in Construction using Primavera

4.Problem in excavation in foundation:-In this project, Excavation and compaction

work(NASTC001) causes delay in the project. Because very big boulder are present in the
place where the excavation was has to be done. Large amount of time was to be taken for
breaking these boulder. It takes two months. This activity can also affect the others activities,
which was started after the ending of excavation. These delay can because of the improper
testing of the soil strata.
5. Late start of work:- In this project, water proofing and pile head treatment was late started
because the excavation in foundation can take more time as compared to as planned schedule.
The excavation and compaction work is delayed for two months. And due to this the water
proofing and pile head treatment was two month late started.

Table 1 Result of this research

S.No Description of delay Effected Activity Name Effected Activity Code
1. Late handing over at construction site Site received from pilling ML031
contractor
2. Getting late approval from the Mandi Municipality FEAA001
municipality Building Permit
3. Delay In mobilization Initial Mobilization of NASMOB011,NASMOB022
persons, initial mobilization
of equipments
4. Problem in excavation in foundation Excavation and compaction NASTC001
work
5. Late start of work Water proofing and pile head NASBRP1020
treatment

According to obtained information, the result of this research is presented in Table 1 as a

summary of delay identification.

5. CONCLUSIONS
Construction schedule delays in a project can create problems for contractors and owners,
which results costly disputes, controversial issues and adverse relationships between all the
project participants. In this study, the major cause of delays are listed below.
1. Organizational scarcity of the owner in handing over of construction site,
2. The directorate of the provincial municipality, the absence of detail drawings during the
municipality application,
3. The absence of experience of the contractor in organizing concrete subcontractors,
problems in material procurement,
4. Delay due to initial mobilization of persons and initial mobilization of persons.
5. Very large rocks are available in excavation of foundation. It can affect the schedule of the
project.
6. Due to delay in excavation, water proofing and pile head treatment can start late as the
planned date.
Due to these delays the project can be finished 4 months late. The Primavera software
shows the progress of the project step by step. It can shows the clear image of the project
progress. On the basis of this study, some suggestions are presented here, which could help to
minimize the impact of delays in the project.

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 Hitanshu Saini, Khushpreet Singh, Uma Malik

• The late handing over of site can be avoided, if the land acquisition act can be followed.
• If the accurate drawings can be submitted in the municipality, the delay caused by the late
approval from municipality can be neglected.
• The design of the project should be finalized with all details before tendering the work so as to
avoid change orders by the owners.
• If the site was timely handover from the pilling contractor then the delay caused by
mobilization can be minimized or avoided.
• Owner should allot sufficient time and sufficient finances for the design stage of the project.
• The schedule should be made by both the contractors and the consulting companies.
• The contractor should hired qualified work teams and provide worker training in order to
improve managerial and technical skills.
• The contractor should also have a project manager in his team for checking the progress of
work and ensure timely delivery of materials.
• The last but most important issue is to create a healthy communication between all parties in
order to solve problems in a timely manner.

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