Mark Scheme (Result s)

January 2007

GCE

GCE Chemist ry (6244/ 01)

Edexcel Limited Registered in England and Wales No 4496750

Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London W
1
General Guidance on Marking

Examiners should look f or qualit ies t o reward rat her t han f ault s t o penalise. This does NOT mean giving credit f or incorrect or inadequat e
answers, but it does mean allowing candidat es t o be rewarded f or answers showing correct applicat ion of principles and knowledge, and f or
crit ical and imaginat ive t hinking. Examiners should t heref ore read caref ully and consider every response: even if it is not what is expect ed it
may be wort hy of credit .

Using the mark scheme

The mark scheme gives you:
an idea of t he t ypes of response expect ed
how individual marks are t o be awarded
t he t ot al mark f or each quest ion
examples of responses t hat should NOT receive credit .

Candidat es must make t heir meaning clear t o t he examiner t o gain t he mark. Make sure t hat t he answer makes sense. Do not give credit f or
correct words/ phrases which are put t oget her in a meaningless manner. Answers must be in t he correct cont ext .

/ means t hat t he responses are alt ernat ives and eit her answer should receive f ull credit .

( ) means t hat a phrase/ word is not essent ial f or t he award of t he mark, but helps t he examiner t o get t he sense of t he expect ed answer.

[ ] words inside square bracket s are inst ruct ions or guidance f or examiners.

Phrases/ words in bold indicat e t hat t he meaning of t he phrase or t he act ual word is essential t o t he answer.

CQ (consequent ial) means t hat a wrong answer given in an earlier part of a quest ion is used correct ly in answer t o a lat er part of t he same
quest ion.

There is space at the bottom of each page of this mark scheme for examiners to write their notes.

Note:
If a candidat e has crossed out an answer and writ t en new t ext , t he crossed out work should be ignored. If t he candidat e has crossed out
work, but writ t en no new t ext , t he crossed out work f or t hat quest ion or part quest ion should be marked, as f ar as it is possible t o do so.

1
 EXPECTED ANSWER ACCEPT REJECT MARK

1. IGNORE s.f. throughout this question

(a) Acid
Proton or H+ donor
Or forms H+ or H3O+ (1)

Weak
dissociates to a small extent few molecules dissociate “not fully dissociated”
Or ionises to a small extent(1) Or incomplete dissociation Or “not dissociated fully”
Or partial dissociation (2 marks)

✁
✁
(b) 2HCOOH(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) 2HCOONa(aq) + CO2(g) + … 2HCOONa(aq) +
H2O(l) H2CO3(aq)
Or

✁
HCOOH(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) HCOONa(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) HCO2H for the acid
HCO2Na or HCOO-Na+ for
salt (2 marks)
Species + balancing (1)
State symbols (1) Consequential on correct species

Notes:

1
 EXPECTED ANSWER ACCEPT REJECT MARK

(c) (i) one acid: HCOOH Correct acids and conjugate

Conjugate base: HCOO bases in either order
1 mark for both ACCEPT
HCO2H and HCO2
OR
O
HC
OH

O
HC
O-

other acid: H3O+ H+ for H3O+

Conjugate base: H2O
1 mark for both (2 marks)

✁
✁
(ii) (Ka) = [HCOO ][H3O+] [ H ] instead of [ H 3 O ]
[HCOOH]
(1 mark)
Must use square brackets [HCO2 ] and [HCO2H]

Notes:

2
 EXPECTED ANSWER ACCEPT REJECT MARK

(iii) [H+]2 = Ka [HCOOH] Any correct expression with

[H+]2 or correct numbers
OR

✍
Ka = [H+]2 If [H+] = (Ka×c) quoted
[HCOOH] Scores first two marks

OR
[H+]2 = 1.60 10-4 0.100 (1)

☎
✄
4 pH = 4.8 scores (2) as

✂
✁
✁
[H ] 1.60 10 0.100
square root has not been

✆
✆

✞
✝
4.0 10 3 (mol dm 3 ) (1) taken

IGNORE sig figs

Max 1 if [H+]2 expression incorrect

✡
✠
pH log 10 [ H ]
any pH value consequential pH = 2.39 (is a rounding

☛
pH 2.40 (1)

✟
on [ H ] , provided pH < 7 error) so no third mark
Alternative method

☞
pKa 3.80 (1)
1 1

☛
pH pKa log[acid ] (1)
2 2

✌
✌

☛
pH 1.90 ( 0.50)

pH = 2.39 (is a rounding (3 marks)

☛
pH 2.40 (1)
error) so no third mark
Notes:

3
 EXPECTED ANSWER ACCEPT REJECT MARK

✂
(d) (i) [acid ]

✁
[H ] Ka
[ salt ]
OR
0.100

✂
✆
4 0.0500

☎
✄
✄
[ H ] 1.60 10 (1) 0.400
0.200

✆
✆

✁
4.00 10 5 (mol dm 3 ) (1)

✝
pH 4.40 (1) IGNORE sig figs 4.39 (rounding error) so no
third mark
OR

☞
✠
[ HCOOH ]

☎
✌
☛
✟
pH pKa log 10 (1)

✡
✞
[ HCOO ]

✓
✏

✗
4 0.0500

✖
✔
✕
✔
✒
✎
pH log 10 (1.60 10 ) log10 (1) 0.100

✑
✍
0.200
0.400

✁
✘
✘
pH 3.80 ( 0.60)

✙
pH 4.40 (1) IGNORE sig figs 4.39 (rounding error) so no
third mark

(3 marks)

Notes:

4
 EXPECTED ANSWER ACCEPT REJECT MARK

(ii) Addition of H+ ions:

✄
✂

✁
HCOO H HCOOH (1) If described in terms of

✠
HA H+ + A shifting to left
Addition of OH- ions:

✝
✝
Addition of OH- ions:

☎
✆
☎
HCOOH OH HCOO H2O (1)

✞
✝

☛
✡
H OH H 2 O must be
If the ionisation of sodium methanoate shown with followed by more dissociation

✞
then max (1) out of 2 for above equations of HCOOH (to restore [ H ] )

“molecular” equations or
equations described in words
or notation involving HA, H+

✟
and A .

Just “large reservoir of both (3 marks)

✟
(buffer solution has) high concentrations HCOOH and HCOO ”

✝
Or a large reservoir of both HCOOH and HCOO

✞
✟
relative to added H / OH (1)
(hence virtually no change in [H+] )
Total 16 Marks

Notes:

5
 EXPECTED ANSWER ACCEPT REJECT MARK

2 (a) IGNORE s.f. throughout this question

(i) moles SO2 (10.0 – 9.00) = 1.00 (mol) Multiples of the stated
moles O2 (5.00 – 4.50) = 0.500 (mol) moles
moles SO3 9.00 (mol)

✁
all 3 correct (2)

✁
2 correct (1) (2 marks)

(ii) All three total number of moles (1) Rounding to 1 sig fig
i.e.

1.00

✂
✂
X SO 2 ( 0.0952) or 2/21
10.5
0.500

✄
✄
XO2 ( 0.0476) or 1/21
10.5
9.00

✄
✄
X SO 3 ( 0.857) or 18/21 or 6/7
10.5
(1 mark)
Mark consequential on (a)(i)

Notes:

6
 EXPECTED ANSWER ACCEPT REJECT MARK

(iii) All three total pressure (1)

i.e.
1.00

✂
✁
pSO 2 2.00 or 4/21
10.5

✄
0.190(atm)
0.500

✆
☎
pO 2 2.00 or 2/21
10.5

✆
0.0952(atm)
9.00

✂
✁
pSO3 2.00 or 36/21 or 12/7
10.5

✆
1.71(atm) (1 mark)
Mark consequential on (a)(ii)
(iv) (1.71) 2

✞
Kp

✝
(0.190) 2 (0.0952)

✠
1

✟
Kp 851 (1) atm (1) Answer with units and no Wrong units e.g. mol-1 dm3
working (2)
Mark consequential on (a)(iii) and (a)(iv) “Correct answers” between (2 marks)
845 and 855 as this covers
rounding up etc
Notes:

7
 EXPECTED ANSWER ACCEPT REJECT MARK

(b) (i) (Kp) decreases (1 mark)

(ii) (Kp decreases so) Any Le Chatelier argument

(this prevents access to 1st
p 2 SO3 mark)
fraction / quotient
p 2 SO 2 pO 2
has to decrease (to equal new kp) (1)
Shifts to right, even if
so shifts to left hand side (1) – this mark only answer to (b)(i) was kp
available if (b)(i) answer was kp decreases. increases

(as p SO3 decreases whereas p SO2 and p O increase)

2

(2 marks)

NOTES:

8
 EXPECTED ANSWER ACCEPT REJECT MARK

(c) (i) No effect/none/zero (effect) (1 mark)

(ii) Increases
OR
more SO3/more sulphur trioxide
OR
increases amount of SO3/sulphur trioxide (1 mark)

(d) (i) No effect/none/zero (effect) (1 mark)

(ii) No effect/none/zero (effect) (1mark)

Total 13 marks

Notes:

9
 EXPECTED ANSWER ACCEPT REJECT MARK

3 (a) Compound A
H H H O
H C C C C
H H H H

OR
a branched chain isomer
H
H C H
H
O
H C C C
-CH3 as side chain
H H H
(1)

Compound B
H O H H
H C C C C H
H H H (1)

Penalise “compressed” formula once only

e.g. CH3CH2CH2CHO -COH for aldehyde (2 marks)
CH3COCH2CH3
(2 marks)
Notes:

10
 EXPECTED ANSWER ACCEPT REJECT MARK

(b) O2N
H H C3H7 OR
CH3CH2CH2 C N N NO2 C 2 H 5 CH 2 for CH 3 CH 2 CH 2

H
C N CH=N
linkage (1)
NO2 groups in wrong position
Remainder of the molecule (1) for remainder of molecule Lack of circle in benzene
mark ring for second mark

(2 marks)
Mark consequential on structure given for Compound A in
(a).

(c) (i) triiodomethane (1) Iodoform

Or “triodomethane”
H

CHI3 or I C I CH3I

(2 marks)
I (1)
Notes:

11
 EXPECTED ANSWER ACCEPT REJECT MARK

(ii) butan(-)2(-)ol 2(-)butanol But-2-ol (1)

IGNORE punctuation
Or iso-butanol 2-hydroxybutane
CH 3 CH (OH )C 2 H 5 or
Or butane-2-ol
H OH H H

H C C C C H (1)

H H H H
Only penalise if bond is clearly shown pointing to H ie
OH
is OK

OH
is wrong

(2 marks)
(d) (i) (It is not) superimposable on its mirror image OWTTE Just “four different groups
on the same molecule”
Or
Does not have a plane of symmetry OR
Just “ (has an)
Or asymmetric C atom”
does not have a centre of symmetry (1) (1 mark)

Notes:

12
 EXPECTED ANSWER ACCEPT REJECT MARK

(ii) Rotate (the) plane (of plane ) polarised

(monochromatic) light
(equally) in opposite directions (1)

OR
pass polarised light through sample
OR use a polarimeter
rotates the plane (equally) in opposite directions (1) (1 mark)

(e) H3C CH2OH 90 formula (1)

C C
e.g.
H H

and C C

CH2OH
H
C C
C C
CH3 H
1 mark for each cis and trans acid scores (1)
2nd isomer cq if first isomer is carboxylic acid consequentially (2 marks)
Total 12 marks

Notes:

13
 EXPECTED ANSWER ACCEPT REJECT MARK

✁
4 (a) (i) ½Br2 Br (1) Wrong halogen or use of
state symbols (1) “X” (0)

✁
½ Br2(g) Br(g) scores only one

e.g.

✁
½Br2(l) Br(g) (2)

✁
Br2(l) 2Br(g) (1) ie for state symbols (2 marks)

✁
Br2 Br (0)

(ii) Energy change when 1 mol (1) Heat or enthalpy for energy; “energy required”
energy released instead of
energy change

Just balanced equation

✂
of a solid/crystal/lattice (1) e.g. Na+(g) + Cl (g)
NaCl(s)
is formed from its (isolated) gaseous ions (1) can score only last two marks
IGNORE standard states (3 marks)

Notes:

14
 EXPECTED ANSWER ACCEPT REJECT MARK

(b) (i) Hf = Ha[Mg] + IE1[Mg] + IE2[Mg] + 2 Ha [chlorine]+

2EA[Cl] + LE[MgCl2]

Or
this in words

Or

✁
✂
✁
✁
✁
✁
2EA = (2 +122) (+1450) (+736) (+150) + ( 642)

✁
✁
( 2526) (1)

☎
✄
696(kJ mol 1 ) (1) cq on first mark

✄
696

☎
EA
2

✝
✁
348(kJ mol 1 ) (1) must ÷2

[some likely outcomes – but working must be shown]

-348 scores (3)
-696 or -287 or (+) 348 scores (2)
-574 or (+) 696 or (+) 287 scores (1)
(+) 574 scores (0)

(3 marks)

Notes:

15
 EXPECTED ANSWER ACCEPT REJECT MARK

(ii) MgCl2 has (a degree of ) covalent character (1) Mention of “atoms” or

“molecules” scores (0) for
all of (b)(ii)

due to polarisation of the anion (1) Just “Mg2+ (strongly)

(by Mg 2 cation) polarising” (2 marks)

✁
(c) 2 Reverse arguments Mention specifically of
As group descended, radius of M (ion) increases
OR cation increases (1) atoms (e.g. Mg atoms) or
“size” instead of “radius” molecules (MgCl2
molecules) scores (0) for all
of part (c)
Charge on ions remains the same/2+ (1) Correct formulae of cations
for charge mark
“charge density decreases”
scores one of the first two
marks
(down group) weaker forces of attraction between ions (1) “weaker bonds” (3 marks)
OR “weaker bonding”
Total 13 marks
Notes:

16
 EXPECTED ANSWER ACCEPT REJECT MARK

5 (a) Na Mg Al Si P PCl4+, PCl6

NaCl MgCl AlCl3 PCl3
2 OR OR
Al2Cl6 PCl5

✁
All 4 (2)

✁
3 (1)
None, one or two correct (0)
(2 marks)
✁

✁
(b) (i) NaCl(s) + aq Na+(aq) + Cl (aq) NaCl(s) + H2O(l)
Or NaOH(aq) + HCl (aq)

✁
NaCl(s) + H2O(l) Na+(aq) + Cl (aq) (1)

✂
✄
✂
PCl 3 3H 2 O H 3 PO3 3HCl
OR

✂
✄
✂
PCl 5 H 2O POCl 3 2 HCl
(2 marks)
OR

✂
✄
✂
PCl 5 4H 2 O H 3 PO 4
5 HCl (1)
(ii) NaCl: Ionic (so) dissolves (in water) (1) – both
needed

PClx: Covalent (so) reacts (in water) (2 marks)

OR hydrolyses (in water) (1) – both needed

Notes:

17
 EXPECTED ANSWER ACCEPT REJECT MARK

(c) SiCl 4 reacts/hydrolyses, CCl 4 does not (1)

[This must be clearly stated and not just implied]

(lone) pair of electrons (from the oxygen atom) in a water “lone pair” for “(lone) pair of
molecule (1) electrons”

cannot form a bond with/be donated to the C atom reverse argument for Si atom
Or cannot be accepted by C atom (1)
CCl4 has no d orbitals
because C has no available orbital [see below]
OR no 2d orbitals in C Or “CCl4 has no 2d
OR C is a small atom surrounded by Cl atoms orbital(s)”
OR Cl atoms are large and surround C atom (so attack is Just “C has no d-orbital(s)”
sterically hindered) (1)

Si has (available) 3d orbital(s) (1)

SiCl4 has available 3d (5 marks)
orbitals (but penalise this
only once)

✁
(d) (i) PbO 2 4 HCl PbCl 2 2 H 2 O Cl 2 Multiples

Species and balancing (1) (1 mark)

(ii) +2 (oxidation state) becomes more stable down the Relative stabilities of Pb and
group relative to +4 Si oxidation states

MUST have comparison of +2 and +4 oxidation

states (1 mark)

Total 13 marks
Notes:

18
 EXPECTED ANSWER ACCEPT REJECT MARK

6 (a) (i) Ethanenitrile phonetic spelling Ethenenitrile

OR Methyl cyanide e.g. ethanenitrille
OR ethanitrile
OR ethanonitrile
IGNORE any formula (1 mark)

(ii) (Acid) hydrolysis phonetic spelling

IGNORE word “acid” before hydrolysis e.g. hydrolisis (1 mark)

(iii) Step 1: any named mineral acid (eg. hydrochloric Using a named alkali or
acid) or formula formula , then acidify
Just “HCl” or “H2SO4” Conc H2SO4

Step 2: PCl 5 / SOCl 2 PCl3 (2 marks)

Cl2

✁
(iv) CH 3 COCl CH 3 NH 2 CH 3 CONHCH 3 HCl

OR

✂
CH3COCl + 2CH3NH2 CH3CONHCH3 + CH3NH3Cl
(1) (1 mark)

Notes:

19
 EXPECTED ANSWER ACCEPT REJECT MARK

(b) L:
H H H

H C C C H

H H H (1)

M:
H H H H H

H C C C C C H

H O-H H H H Allow OH
(1)
Only penalise if bond is clearly shown pointing to H atom

N:
H H H
O

C C C C H
Allow OH (3 marks)
H-O H H H COOH
(1)
Or CO2H
Penalise omissions of H atoms once only
If –CH3, –CH2 are used max (2)
Total 8 marks
Notes:

20