DISASTER- is an event, natural or manmade, sudden or progressive, oftentimes with impacts of

such severity, that affected communities has to respond by taking exceptional measures.
- Is a situation resulting from phenomenon or armed conflict that produces stress,
personal injury, physical damage and economic disruption of great Magnitude.
CATEGORIES OF DISASTER (Frederick 1983)
1) NATURAL DISASTER – refers to disasters that are triggered by natural phenomena.
 Earthquakes,
 Cyclones,
 Floods, etc.- natural hazards
2) MAN-MADE DISASTER – refers to disasters resulting from man-made hazards. Can be
divided in 3 categories:
 Armed conflict
 Technological disasters
 Disaster that are caused by natural hazards but that occur in
human settlements.
 ARMED CONFLICT AND CIVIL STRIFE- includes the protection and support
of displaced persons and refugees during the conflict: *Physical and
economic reconstruction; and social rehabilitation in the aftermath of the
conflict. E.g. ABU SAYYAF and MORO NATIONAL LIBERATION FRONT
activities in Mindanao.
 TECHNOLOGICAL DISASTER – which are usually a results of accidents or
incidents occurring in the manufacture, transport or distribution of
hazardous substances such as FUEL, CHEMICALS, EXPLOSIVES, or
NUCLEAR MATERIALS.
 DISASTER OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS – Urban fire is the kind of principle
disaster.
3) THE COMMON TYPES OF DISASTER:
 EARTHQUAKE
 VOLCANIC ERUPTION
 TSUNAMI
 TROPICAL CYCLONES(TYPHOON, HURICANE)
 FLOOD
 LANDSLIDE
 BUSHFIRE(WILDFIRE)
 DROUGHT
 EPIDEMIC
 MAJOR ACCIDENT
 ARMED CONFLICT and CIVIL UNREST
4) GENERAL EFFECT OF DISASTER:
  LOSS OF LIFE
 INJURY
 DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY
 DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF SUBSISTENCE AND CASH
CROPS
 DISRUPTION OF PRODUCTION
 DISRUPTION OF LIFESTYLES
 LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD
 DISRUPTION OF ESSENTIAL SERVICES
 DAMAGE TO NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND DISRUPTION
OF GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEMS
 NATINAL ECONOMIC LOSS
 SOCIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL AFTER-EFFECTS
5) WHAT IS DISASTER PREPAREDNESS?
 This are measures, which enable government agencies , organizations,
communities and individuals to responds quickly and effectively to any
disaster situation. BY:
 Pre-positioning supplies and equipment
 Developing emergency action plans, manuals and
procedures
 Developing warning, evacuation, and sheltering plans
 Strengthening or otherwise protecting critical facilities
6) POSSIBLE GENNERAL DISASTER COUNTER – MEASURES:
1. Developing of possible warning indicators
2. Land-use regulations
3. Building regulations
4. Relocation of communities
5. Public awareness and education programs
6. Evacuation plans and arrangements
7. Fire prevention regulations
8. International cooperation in information campaign
7) THE COMPONENTS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
1. PREVENTION- These are actions designed to impede the
occurrence of a disaster or its harmful effect on communities and
key installations.
2. MITIGATION- These are programs intended to reduce the ill
effects of disaster.
3. PREPAREDNESS- These are measures, which enable government,
organizations, communities and individual to respond quickly and
effectively to any disaster situations
 4. DISASTER IMPACT- This reminds us that the impact of disasters
can vary between different types of disasters.
5. RESPONSE- these are measures taken immediately prior to and
following disaster impact.
6. RECOVERY- this is process by which communities and
organizations are assessed in returning to their proper level of
functioning following a disaster
7. DEVELOPMENT- this provides the link between disaster-related
activities and national development
8) NDRRMC- National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council- Formerly known
as NDCC (National Disaster Coordinating Council)- is the agency tasked to prepare for,
and respond to, natural calamities, like typhoons and earthquakes.
9) DPWH- Department of Public Work and Highways
10) DOTC- Department of Transportation and Communication
11) DSWD- Department of Social Welfare and Development
12) DA- Department of Agriculture
13) DECS- Department of Education, Cultures and Sports- now is DepED- Department of
Education
14) DFA- Department of Foreign Affairs
15) DOLE- Department of Labor and Employment
16) DTI- Department of Trade and Industry
17) NSTP- National Service Training Program
18) EMERGENCY HOURS-72 HOURS OR 3 DAYS
19) ROTC- Reserve Officers Training Program