ELECTRONICS

ASSIGNMEMT.

Submited To:Mr.Rizwan.

Submited By:Sabi-Ul-Hassan.

Topics:-
1): ARMSTRONG. 2):HARTEL. 3)COLPITS.
Neil Alden Armstrong (August 5, 1930 – August 25, 2012) was
an American astronaut and aeronautical engineer and the first
person to walk on the Moon. He was also a naval aviator, test
pilot, and university professor.
A graduate of Purdue University, Armstrong studied aeronautical
engineering; his college tuition was paid for by the U.S.
Navy under the Holloway Plan. He became a midshipman in 1949
and a naval aviator the following year. He saw action in
the Korean War, flying the Grumman F9F Panther from
the aircraft carrier USS Essex. In September 1951, while making
a low bombing run, Armstrong's aircraft was damaged when it
collided with an anti-aircraft cable which cut off a large portion of
one wing. Armstrong was forced to bail out. After the war, he
completed his bachelor's degree at Purdue and became a test
pilot at the National Advisory Committee for
Aeronautics (NACA) High-Speed Flight Station at Edwards Air
Force Base in California. He was the project pilot on Century
Series fighters and flew the North American X-15 seven times. He
was also a participant in the U.S. Air Force's Man in Space
Soonest and X-20 Dyna-Soar human spaceflight programs.
Armstrong joined the NASA Astronaut Corps in the second group,
which was selected in 1962. He made his first spaceflight as
command pilot of Gemini 8 in March 1966, becoming NASA's first
civilian astronaut to fly in space. During this mission with
pilot David Scott, he performed the first docking of two spacecraft;
the mission was aborted after Armstrong used some of his re-
entry control fuel to stabilize a dangerous roll caused by a stuck
thruster. During training for Armstrong's second and last
spaceflight as commander of Apollo 11, he had to eject from
the Lunar Landing Research Vehicle moments before a crash.
On July 20, 1969, Armstrong and Apollo 11 Lunar Module (LM)
pilot Buzz Aldrin became the first people to land on the Moon, and
the next day they spent two and a half hours outside the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
John H. Glenn Research Center
Lewis Field
Cleveland, Ohio 44135
Neil A. Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon, was born in
Wapakoneta, Ohio,
on August 5, 1930. He began his NASA career in Ohio.
After serving as a naval aviator from 1949 to 1952, Armstrong
joined the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)
in 1955. His first assignment was with the NACA Lewis Research
Center (now NASA Glenn) in Cleveland. Over the next 17 years,
he was an engineer, test pilot, astronaut and administrator for
NACA and its successor agency, the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA).
As a research pilot at NASA's Flight Research Center, Edwards,
Calif., he was a project pilot on many pioneering high speed
aircraft, including the well known, 4000-mph X-15. He has flown
over 200 different models of aircraft, including jets, rockets,
helicopters and gliders.
Armstrong transferred to astronaut status in 1962. He was
assigned as command pilot for the Gemini 8 mission. Gemini 8
was launched on March 16, 1966, and Armstrong performed the
first successful docking of two vehicles in space.
As spacecraft commander for Apollo 11, the first manned lunar
landing mission, Armstrong gained the distinction of being the first
man to land a craft on the moon and first to step on its surface.
Armstrong subsequently held the position of Deputy Associate
Administrator for Aeronautics, NASA Headquarters, Washington,
D.C. In this position, he was responsible for the coordination and
management of overall NASA research and technology work
related to aeronautics.
He was Professor of Aerospace Engineering at the University of
Cincinnati between 1971-1979. During the years 1982-1992,
Armstrong was chairman of Computing Technologies for Aviation,
Inc., Charlottesville, Va.
He received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Aeronautical
Engineering from Purdue University and a Master of Science in
Aerospace Engineering from the University of Southern California.
He holds honorary doctorates from a number of universities.
Armstrong was a Fellow of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots
and the Royal Aeronautical Society; Honorary Fellow of the
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and the
International Astronautics Federation.
He was a member of the National Academy of Engineering and
the Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco. He served as a
member of the National Commission on Space (1985-1986), as
Vice-Chairman of the Presidential Commission on the Space
Shuttle Challenger Accident (1986), and as Chairman of the
Presidential Advisory Committee for the Peace Corps (1971-
1973).
Armstrong was decorated by 17 countries. He was the recipient of
many special honors, including the Presidential Medal of
Freedom; the Congressional Gold Medal; the Congressional
Space Medal of Honor; the Explorers Club Medal; the Robert H.
Goddard Memorial Trophy; the NASA Distinguished Service
Medal; the Harmon International Aviation Trophy; the Royal
Geographic Society's Gold Medal; the Federation Aeronautique
Internationale's Gold Space Medal; the American Astronautical
Society Flight Achievement Award; the Robert J. Collier Trophy;
the AIAA Astronautics Award; the Octave Chanute Award; and
the John J. Montgomery Award.
Armstrong passed away on Aug. 25, 2012 following complications
resulting from cardiovascular procedures. He was 82
spacecraft while Michael Collins remained in lunar orbit in the
mission's command module (CM). When Armstrong stepped onto
the lunar surface, he famously said: "That's one small step for [a]
man, one giant leap for mankind." Along with Collins and Aldrin,
Armstrong was awarded the Presidential Medal of
Freedom by President Richard Nixon. President Jimmy
Carter presented Armstrong with the Congressional Space Medal
of Honor in 1978, and Armstrong and his former crewmates
received a Congressional Gold Medal in 2009.
After he resigned from NASA in 1971, Armstrong taught in the
Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of
Cincinnati until 1979. He served on the Apollo 13 accident
investigation and on the Rogers Commission, which investigated
the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. He acted as a spokesman
for several businesses and appeared in advertising for the
automotive brand Chrysler starting in January 1979.

Breitkopf & Härtel is the world's oldest music

publishing house.[1] The firm was founded in 1719
in Leipzig by Bernhard Christoph Breitkopf.
The catalogue currently contains over 1,000 composers, 8,000
works and 15,000 music editions or books on music. The name
"Härtel" was added when Gottfried Christoph Härtel took over the
company in 1795. In 1807, Härtel began to manufacture pianos,
an endeavour which lasted until 1870. The Breitkopf pianos were
highly esteemed in the 19th century by pianists like Franz
Liszt and Clara Schumann.
In the 19th century the company was for many years the publisher
of the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung, an influential music
journal.[2]
The company has consistently supported contemporary
composers and had close editorial collaboration
with Beethoven, Haydn, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Chopin, Liszt,
Wagner and Brahms. In the 19th century they also published the
first "complete works" editions of various composers, for
instance Bach (the Bach-Gesellschaft edition), Mozart (the Alte
Mozart-Ausgabe),[3] and Schubert (the Franz Schubert's Werke).
This tradition continues today with prominent contemporary
composers.
The firm was on the board of directors of the Händel-
Gesellschaft in 1858.
In May 2017, Union Berlin announced the signing of Hartel on a
three-year deal.[2] He scored his first goal for the club in a 1–1
draw with Arminia Bielefeld. On 31 January 2019, he scored
against his former side, Köln, after controlling the ball up into the
air and hitting a stunning bicycle kick.
German (also Härtel): from a pet form of a Germanic compound
personal name beginning with hard ‘hardy’, ‘brave’, ‘strong’.
French (Normandy): occupational name, a derivative of Hart 5.
You can see how Hartel families moved over time by selecting
different census years. The Hartel family name was found in the
USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1861 and 1920. The
most Hartel families were found in the USA in 1880. In 1880 there
were 81 Hartel families living in Ohio. This was about 18% of all
the recorded Hartel's in the USA. Ohio and 1 other state had the
highest population of Hartel families in 1880.
Use census records and voter lists to see where families with the
Hartel surname lived. Within census records, you can often find
information like name of household members, ages, birthplaces,
residences, and occupations.

Edwin Henry Colpitts (January 19, 1872 – March 6, 1949) was a

communications pioneer best known for his invention of
the Colpitts oscillator. As research branch chief for Western
Electric in the early 1900s, he and scientists under his direction
achieved significant advances in the development
of oscillators and vacuum tube push–pull amplifiers. In 1915, his
team successfully demonstrated the first transatlantic radio
telephone. Colpitts died at home in 1949 in Orange, New Jersey,
United States and his body was interred in Point de Bute, New
Brunswick, Canada. He was survived by his wife Grace Penney
Colpitts and his son Donald B. Colpitts.
Education and career.
Born in Point de Bute, New Brunswick, he began his education
at Mount Allison University and was later a teacher and school
principal in Newfoundland. In 1895 he entered Harvard
University where he studied physics and mathematics. He
received a BA in 1896 and a Master's degree in 1897 from that
institution. He remained at Harvard for two additional years while
taking advanced courses and serving as a laboratory assistant
to John Trowbridge, director of the Jefferson Physical Laboratory.
In 1899, Colpitts accepted a position with American Bell
Telephone Company. He moved to Western Electric in 1907. His
Western Electric colleague, Ralph Hartley invented an inductive
coupling oscillator in 1915, and Colpitts invented its electrical dual
using capacitors in 1918 (the Colpitts oscillator). It was first
reported a paper he published, with Edward B. Craft, in 1919. He
patented it as the "Oscillation Generator" in 1920. Colpitts and
Craft wrote that "the possibility of communication by speech
between any two individuals in the civilized world is one of the
most desirable ends for which engineering can strive."
Colpitts served in the US Army Signal Corps during World War I
and spent some time in France as a staff officer involved with
military communication.
Colpitts and Otto B. Blackwell published an important paper on
carrier multiplex telephony and telegraphy in the Transactions of
the AIEE in 1921. They summarized work on bandpass filters and
vacuum-tube electronics, which had enabled a four-channel
commercial system to be placed in operation between Baltimore,
MD, and Pittsburgh, PA, in 1918.
Western Electric research laboratories became part of Bell
Laboratories in 1925. Colpitts reached the position of vice-
president of Bell Labs before retirement.
In 1940, Colpitts was called out of retirement to head a committee
reviewing the state of sonar development in the United States
Navy.[1] The committee report identified critical limitations of
American sonar compared with German developments, which
spurred American fundamental sonar research.[2]
He was awarded the Elliott Cresson Medal in 1948.
References.

1. Robert Gannon Hellions of the deep: the development of

American torpedoes in World War II, Penn State Press,
2. ^
1. Helen M. Rozwadowski, David K. Van Keuren , The
Machine in Neptune's Garden: Historical Perspectives
on Technology and the Marine Environment, Science
History Publications/USA.

3. Edwin H. Colpitts, retired vice‐president of

Bell Telephone Laboratories and pioneer in the development of long‐
distance and transoceanic telephone, died March 6, at the age of
seventy‐seven. Best known for having developed the vacuum‐
tube oscillator circuit which bears his name, he is remembered as well
for his work with magnetic coils, his developments in the application of
thermodynamic tubes to long‐distance communication, and his studies
of capacity unbalance between adjacent telephone circuits. In 1948 he
was awarded the Cresson Medal of the Franklin Institute of
Philadelphia in recognition of his scientific achievements. He was a
fellow of the American Physical Society and the Acoustical Society of
America.

21 Feb 2019. Same as other oscillators Colpitts

oscillator consists of a gain device, and the output is
connected with an LC circuit feedback loop. The
Colpitts . 27 Mar 2019. The Colpitts Oscillator is a
particularly good circuit for producing fairly low
distortion sine wave signals in the RF range, 30kHz to
30MHz. Hiernaast is een eenvoudig schema gegeven
van een Colpitts-oscillator met gemeenschappelijke
emitter. De collector belast een parallel afgestemde LC-
kring . Colpitts Oscillator - A Colpitts oscillator looks just
like the Hartley oscillator but the inductors and
capacitors are replaced with each other in the tank
circuit. A Colpitts oscillator, invented in 1918 by
American engineer Edwin H. Colpitts, is one of a
number of designs for LC oscillators, electronic
oscillators that use a . Colpitts oscillator is a LC
oscillator tank circuit, know about working of colpitts
oscillator circuit using transistors, fets and op-amps and
applications. Colpitts Oscillator Tutorial and the theory
behind the design of the Colpitts Oscillator which uses
a LC Oscillator tank circuit to generate sine waves. 25
May 2019. Colpitts Oscillator is a type of LC oscillator
which falls under the category of Harmonic Oscillator
and was invented by Edwin Colpitts in 1918. 25 May
2019. Colpitts Oscillator is a type of LC oscillator which
falls under the category of Harmonic Oscillator and was
invented by Edwin Colpitts in 1918. 27 Mar 2019. The
Colpitts Oscillator is a particularly good circuit for
producing fairly low distortion sine wave signals in the
RF range, 30kHz to 30MHz. Hiernaast is een
eenvoudig schema gegeven van een Colpitts-oscillator
met gemeenschappelijke emitter. De collector belast
een parallel afgestemde LC- kring . A Colpitts oscillator,
invented in 1918 by American engineer Edwin H.
Colpitts, is one of a number of designs for LC
oscillators, electronic oscillators that use a . Colpitts
oscillator is a LC oscillator tank circuit, know about
working of colpitts oscillator circuit using transistors,
fets and op-amps and applications. 21 Feb 2019. Same
as other oscillators Colpitts oscillator consists of a gain
device, and the output is connected with an LC circuit
feedback loop. The Colpitts . Colpitts Oscillator Tutorial
and the theory behind the design of the Colpitts
Oscillator which uses a LC Oscillator tank circuit to
generate sine waves. Colpitts Oscillator - A Colpitts
oscillator looks just like the Hartley oscillator but the
inductors and capacitors are replaced with each other
in the tank circuit. 25 May 2019. Colpitts Oscillator is a
type of LC oscillator which falls under the category of
Harmonic Oscillator and was invented by Edwin Colpitts
in 1918. A Colpitts oscillator, invented in 1918 by
American engineer Edwin H. Colpitts, is one of a
number of designs for LC oscillators, electronic
oscillators that use a . Colpitts oscillator is a LC
oscillator tank circuit, know about working of colpitts
oscillator circuit using transistors, fets and op-amps and
applications. 21 Feb 2019. Same as other oscillators
Colpitts oscillator consists of a gain device, and the
output is connected with an LC circuit feedback loop.
The Colpitts . 27 Mar 2019. The Colpitts Oscillator is a
particularly good circuit for producing fairly low
distortion sine wave signals in the RF range, 30kHz to
30MHz. Hiernaast is een eenvoudig schema gegeven
van een Colpitts-oscillator met gemeenschappelijke
emitter. De collector belast een parallel afgestemde LC-
kring . Colpitts Oscillator Tutorial and the theory behind
the design of the Colpitts Oscillator which uses a LC
Oscillator tank circuit to generate sine waves. Colpitts
Oscillator - A Colpitts oscillator looks just like the
Hartley oscillator but the inductors and capacitors are
replaced with each other in the tank circuit.