Freiler 1

Radio Broadcasting

Radio Broadcasting has changed a lot over time and has shown up in many people’s

homes. Guglielmo Marconi invented the radio in 1895. He invented the first radio broadcast. The

first broadcast session was in 1906 in Brant Rock, Massachusetts. It aired on Christmas Eve; he

played his violin, sang songs, and read some bible verses. He wanted to reach out to find

financial backers. He was getting more than one listeners, so it is considered a broadcast.

Many experiments happened between the 1910s and 1920s. Many have been playing music and

having regular talking sessions. In 1917 the government took over the stations for WWI. They

used it for defense purposes and the military. It helps with war communications. After WWI, in

the 1920s, radios showed up in people’s houses more and more.

The first radio station was the KDKA, it was officially licensed in 1920. It was the start

of commercial radio stations. There were now over 500 radio stations at the time. Radios went

for $150. People originally only used the newspaper to retrieve their information but now the

radio was the way for mass communication. The radio would be for music and sometimes small

segments of news. Then became more developed and there were more broadcast stories, serial

stories, and political speeches. Radio brought in a common culture living. Radio brought more

interest in similar music tastes and sports. It was so easy for people to listen to the same thing

even far away.

In 1922, radio stations in Britain started popping up. They spread across the UK. Both the

UK and the US had radios for the use of entertainment and source for public information. New

York WEAF station accepted the first radio ads that were allowed in 1923. The station was

owned in AT&T; it was the only station that had a toll broadcasting because of the RCA
 Freiler 2

agreements. Except a lot of smaller businesses began to get a station and would sell because

that’s why they made a station in the first place, and no one could stop them.

In 1926 NBC was founded and in 1927 their rival, CBS was established. Both networks

used By the end of the 1920s, there were over 100 million radios being used in America. The

industry didn't begin until 1933 when Edwin Armstrong invented a special circuit to help

long-range radio transmission. Later in 1966, the FM radio was invented.

Edward R Murrow joined the CBS news. CBS was the largest radio show in the United

States. With his show, ​World News Roundup,​ he brought in many viewers after discussing Nazi

Germany and World War II in the rising in a session in 1937. Being one of the first radio

journalists. During WWII, radio helped share news about what was going on. The government

took over the stations once again. It also helped with propaganda trying to get others to do their

part. Radios during the war helped get information across. By the 1940s television was invented.

Radio programs began to also use the use of television. More and more music was being

developed also. The radio started being more for music and television for more entertainment,

while radio networks started being more for news.

By the 1950s, the Golden Age of the radio was coming to an end. The TV was going to

take over mass communications. Since TVs have video and audio, while radio just has audio.

Luckily the radio didn’t disappear because of people turning into viewers. The radio evolved into

being more mobile and smaller. Radios started being more helpful for people on the go. Radios

were, for now, music and entertainment in cars and such.

By the 1960s, FM radio overtook the AM stations. More people were funding television

and radio was being left out. In 1967 the Public Broadcasting Act stated that there will be
 Freiler 3

funding for public broadcasting. Both FM and AM started to grow more and more, which led to

more and more money. Eventually, FM and AM turned into XM. Radios have been catching up

with current times. Now there are satellite and streaming internet stations.
 Freiler 4

Works Cited

Study.com​, Study.com,

study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-broadcast-journalism-definition-history.html.

Skretvedt, Randy, and Christopher H. Sterling. “The Golden Age around the World.”

Encyclopædia Britannica​, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 3 Apr. 2019,

www.britannica.com/topic/radio/The-Golden-Age-around-the-world​.

“1913-1928: WW1 & Prohibition.” ​US History for Kids ***​, Siteseen Limited, 9 Jan.

2018,​ ​www.american-historama.org/1913-1928-ww1-prohibition-era/radio-1920s.htm​.

“100 Years of Radio.” ​California Historical Radio Society,​ 3 Feb. 2019,

www.californiahistoricalradio.com/radio-history/100years/.

Us, Have Questions? Call. “History of the Radio:” ​History of the Radio: A Complete

Radio Timeline​,​ ​www.techwholesale.com/history-of-the-radio.html​.

 Freiler 5

History of Television Production

Television was discovered mechanically in the 1800s. Many people worked on the

television so there wasn’t just one inventor. Televisions have been transmitting pictures since the

1830s. In 1900 is when the television officially became physical television. By 1924 John Baird

invented the first motion picture of a face onto a screen in Europe. It was also the first to be in

color, but it is way before the color started to actually be used for everything. 1923 the

mechanical tv was able to transmit the first live pictures on the screen. Charles Jenkins called

this “radiovision”, he was also the first to have a television station in North America.

The electric television was invented until 1927 by Philo Taylor Farnsworth. He actually

grew up living with no electricity. He was curious about trying to have moving images on the

screen. He was able to use code and capture it moving across the screen. He was able to help

TVs have a clearer picture. The devices he used are still being used in televisions today. By 1934

all televisions were electronic.

Television stations started popping up in the early 1920s through the late 1930s. The first

mechanical television station was in 1928 called W3XK. Television started to have their weekly

news programs; it brought it many viewers. It led to television becoming an important source to

view news.

During the 1930s, the tv wasn’t as important because radios were all over. In 1939

regular broadcasting begun. The television era finally started in the 1940s, but not until WWII

was over in 1945 is when TVs started selling and showing up in homes. Broadcasters start to

stray away from the radio and were more interested in TVs.
 Freiler 6

The Golden age of the TV starts in the late 1940s. RCA was working on a color tv, but

CBS beat them to it. CBS was able to achieve color but it came with a lot of problems in 1950.

In 1951 they were able to fix it and they started broadcasting color on 5 stations. RCA decided

to sue them because of their broadcast system. That messed everything up for CBS. The RCA

was able to design an even better color tv in the time CBS was struggling. The FCA approved

the RCA color tv and starting in 1954 televisions in color were able to be sold in stores.

The 1950s is when television programs begin to make more comedies, children's shows,

and game shows. Big hits like “I Love Lucy”, “The Price is Right”, “The Today Show” and

many more. Many more advertisers began to advertise more because there are now more

viewers. Television was a need for many people. People began to watch television than going to

a movie or reading books. Many people loved the idea of television but others thought it was

ruining lives because they were turning into a “couch potato”.

In the 1960s, television actually helped John F Kennedy’s election. The four debates

were broadcasted live. They tv shared the president’s campaigns in a different way. The tv also

captures the assassination of President Kennedy. After that news skyrocketed. The TV also was a

way for people to see things they may not have been able to go to like a sports game.

In 1965 NBC is known for being in full color 96% for broadcasting. By 1965 most of the

TV broadcasts were in color. By 1970 news started to change, women started to become an

anchor. Instead of one person, it now began to be a team. 24-hour programming, media, and

shows helped many people fall in love with TV.

By the 1980s, TV was not only for news and sports but also tried to make people's lives

better. Health and money-saving, trying to educate people on how to stay safe and live longer.
 Freiler 7

By this time many networks were adding satellites. TVs had so many shows and programs set for

people to watch and enjoy. ABC, NBC, CBS were the most popular networks and later in 1985

FOX network joined the challenge. Cable television helped with satellite to broadcast

nationwide. Once CNN came into the picture it helped make TV even better. Their 24-hour news

helped them become known as the first on the scene for major news events. Big networks kept

popping up with even more shows to watch. Television brought and still brings som good

must-see shows. TVs and advertising were growing. TVs are still changing today.
 Freiler 8

Work Cited

“1950s: TV and Radio.” ​Bowling, Beatniks, and Bell-Bottoms: Pop Culture of

20th-Century America​, Encyclopedia.com, 26 Nov. 2019,

www.encyclopedia.com/history/culture-magazines/1950s-tv-and-radio​.

“1980s: TV and Radio.” ​Bowling, Beatniks, and Bell-Bottoms: Pop Culture of

20th-Century America​, Encyclopedia.com, 27 Nov. 2019,

www.encyclopedia.com/history/culture-magazines/1980s-tv-and-radio​.

Bellis, Mary. “How Did Color TV Come to Be?” ​ThoughtCo​, ThoughtCo, 24 Nov. 2019,

www.thoughtco.com/color-television-history-4070934​.

Hur, Johnson. “History of the Television.” ​From The 1800s To Current Time,​ 4 Dec.

2018,​ bebusinessed.com/history/history-of-the-television/.

Sabatejulia, Por, and Sabatejulia. “History Of Television.” ​History Of Television​,

sabatejulia.wordpress.com/.
 Freiler 9

Basic History of Photography 1900 to Present

The idea of the camera reached the middle class in the 1900s. The Kodak camera was one

of the most popular and cheaper cameras. Many pictures have been taken in the 20th Century.

Photographers captured many life events such as the Great Earthquake of San Francisco in 1906.

Arnold Genthe had captured what the streets looked like after the earthquake occurred. The

pictured were able to help people understand what happened. Also during this time in 1907

autochrome process was discovered by Auguste and Louis Lumière. It used a color screen and a

panchromatic to sensor the different colors and use reflective light to view the colored image.

U.S Department of Labor hired in 1909, Lewis Hine had taken pictures of the children at

work in the cotton mills and factories. In 1910, Dorothea Lange captured the Great Depression

times. There were pictures showing how it affected everyone. It shows how people were

struggling during this time. Before and during WWI, there were photos constantly being taken to

capture everything. It was also important after the war to have pictures.

In 1924 AT&T sent a photo to a far distance. This set the stage for transmitting more

pictures. The camera was still developing at this time and in 1926 the underwater color

photography was of a hogfish. By 1929 the mass market of the TLR was developed and helped

make even more steps ahead. By the 1930s photographers were starting to use smaller cameras

like the 35mm camera. In 1932 the group f/64 was created. This was the smallest lens aperture. It

increased sharpness and field of depth.

During WWII, photographers took real pictures of people. They didn’t stage the scene

they captured what really happened. It brought the reality of the war into a picture. In 1946 New

York photography started. Instamatic Point & Shoot camera made by Dean M.Peterson for
 Freiler 10

Kodak allowed anyone to use a camera. He gave the option that allows anyone to own and use a

camera. In 1972 the point shoot camera gets a remodel from Honeywell, still invented by Dean

M.Peterson. It is called the Beehive point shoot and the camera has autofocus and auto film

metering and advance, and built-in self-quenching electronic flash. All of these features will help

the start of the digital camera. Cameras also started to become more compact.

In 1986 Fuji was the first to introduce a disposable camera. It also later in 1988 lead the

first one-time use 35mm camera flash camera. In the 1800s and 1900s, manufacturers worked on

getting the images to be electronically stored. By 1991 Kodak was the first to make the digital

camera. Many people worked on the camera to make it successful. After that many other camera

companies jumped in like Canon, Nikon, and more. Pictures started getting stored on digital film

rather than CDs. In 2000’s Japan Sharp’s J-SH04 phone was the first phone to have a camera. In

2005 the first Canon EOS 5D launched at full price.

The 1980s and 1990s had a blurred line between art and photography. Photographers

know started to break down this barrier between the two.

By 2002 cameras became even smaller and more compact. Then in 2003 people switched

from film to digital. In 2005 Cannon had the lead with their EOS 5D until the Sony and Nikon

made their D700 and Alpha 900. 2007 the GoPro came out with the ability to be even smaller

and durable during sports or exotic things. In 2007 the first Apple iPhone came out they

combined camera sourcing and had the ability to use 3rd party photo apps starting in 2008. Also

in 2008 Polaroid was getting rid of their film since everything was digital now.

The Canon EOA Mark 11 came out in 2008 and brought the ability to have DSLR on

video and have much better quality. Then Luimx had an electronic viewfinder, Many lenses were
 Freiler 11

also interchangeable. Everything in the camera was getting better, the lens, the megapixel, the

zoom and even more. Not only are regular cameras getting better, but now phone cameras are not

too far behind.

 Freiler 12

Work Cited

“1900-1950.” ​Photography and the Camera,​

photohistory101.weebly.com/1900-1950.html.

“History of Photography 1900s Highlights.” ​Joyful Expressions Photography Art​,

joyfulexpressions-photographyart.weebly.com/history-of-photography-1900s.html.

Kreinik, Juliana.

“An Introduction to Photography in the Early 20th Century.” ​Smarthistory​,

smarthistory.org/an-introduction-to-photography-in-the-early-20th-century/.

Masoner, Liz.

“Explore the Major Advances in the History of Photography.” ​The Spruce Crafts,​ The

Spruce Crafts, 3 Jan. 2019, ​www.thesprucecrafts.com/brief-history-of-photography-2688527​.

“Notable Photographers of the 1900s.” ​Duggal Visual Solutions​, 3 Oct. 2018,

duggal.com/notable-photographers-of-the-1900s/.
 Freiler 13

Basic History of Animation 1900 to present

The first real animation was​ Humorous Phases of Funny Faces.​ It was made by J. Stuart

Blackton in 1906. It is considered the first animation film because it was the first-ever to be

printed on standard motion picture film. It was also the earliest surviving animated film. In 2007,

The ​Haunted Hotel​ by Blacktop was the first-ever stop motion mixed with live-action. It was

able to accomplish many special effects.

The comic strip is also considered animation. Winsor McCay was an important part of

the comic strip industry. He is known as “American’s Greatest Cartoonist”. McCay even made

the hand-colored short film for ​Little Nemo​ in 1911. ​Gertie the Dinosaur ​ha transformed art. In

1914 McCay created the film by using superb draftsmanship, a lot of movement, and a great idea

of a character.

During WWI, the animation was used as propaganda. W.S.S. Thriftettes is an example in

1918 where it promoted war savings stamps. In the end during the armistice, ​Joys and Gloom

came out to celebrate life.

Walt Disney created the idea of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit but he had to get rid of him

because of disputes about it being similar to Felix, the black cat. Disney then did some changes

and Mickey Mouse was born. In 1928 Steamboat Willie was Mickey’s third film but the first to

add sound. The sound made the illusion come more to life rather than it being quiet. Later he

would synchronize music and the illusion of depth. In 1930 the Warner Brothers Cartoons were

founded. In 1937 ​Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs came​ out and were the first to receive a

wide released and used up-to-the-minute techniques. Photographic realism in films started to

show more in Disney’s films.

 Freiler 14

While Disney was living in Kansas City, The Fleischer brothers have been building a

name for their animation work in New York. They invented the rotoscoping process, which is

still used today. It is a strip of live-action footage that can be traced and redrawn as a cartoon.

Their ​Out of the Inkwell s​ eries had both humans and cartoons interacting with each other.

Walt Disney and the Fleischers were in competition. Both strive to be the best. Before

Disney had its boom, people loved characters like Betty Boop. Disney kept coming out with

great characters that the audience absolutely adored. The Warner Brothers later came in and were

founded by three Disney Veterans. They brought a new kind of speed and snappiness to the

Warners product. Later Universal has coming up with some great ideas. Most of the animation

films are done by Disney.

During the 1960s was when the television era was happening. Cartoons started showing

​ as debuted nationwide. Many other great cartoons

up on the tv. In 1961 ​The Yogi Bear Show w

were released in the 60s such as ​The Pink Phink, ​which actually won’t the Academy Award for

Best Short Film, ​Fritz the Cat, ​which was the first animated x-rated adult film, and many other

animations; ​101 Dalmations, The Sword and the Stone, Rudolph, The Red-Nosed Reindeer,​ and

many others​.

In 1980 the Computer Generated Imagery aka the CGI was able to change animation.

This made 3D modeling which combines 3D and stops motion with a 2D drawing. In 1987 The

Simpsons was released. It is the longest-running American sitcom and animated program. In

1995 the first computer-animated feature film was ​Toy Story.​ We know the CGI as computer

animation now. The animation is used to not only entertain but also tell a story and a series.
 Freiler 15

Work Cited

Animated Films​, ​www.filmsite.org/animatedfilms.html​.

Arora. “The Evolution of Animation: From Entertainment to Business Videos - A Brief

Journey Through Time.” ​B2W,​

www.b2w.tv/blog/the-evolution-of-animation-a-brief-journey-through-time​.

Clarke, Jamie. “1995: First Feature-Length Computer-Animated Movie.” ​Guinness

World Records,​ Guinness World Records, 18 Aug. 2015,

www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/60at60/2015/8/1995-first-feature-length-computer-animat

ed-movie-392883/​.

“Early Ways of Showingmotion.” ​History of Animation​,

history-of-animation.webflow.io/.

Kehr, Dave. “The Fleischer Brothers.” ​Encyclopædia Britannica​, Encyclopædia

Britannica, Inc., 10 Jan. 2019, www.britannica.com/art/animation/The-Fleischer-brothers.

“Notes on the Origins of American Animation, 1900-1921 : Articles and Essays :

Origins of American Animation : Digital Collections : Library of Congress.” ​The Library of

Congress​,

www.loc.gov/collections/origins-of-american-animation/articles-and-essays/notes-on-the-origins

-of-american-animation-1900-1921/​.

Zeke. “A Quick History of Animation.” ​Student Resources,​ 6 Apr. 2018,

www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/quick-history-animation/.