douglas (jed3339) – Homework 01 – yao – (54790) 1

This print-out should have 25 questions. θ1 + θ2 = 2 θ . (1)

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
In the triangle on the right we have angles
the next column or page – find all choices
before answering.
θ1 , θ2 , and φ .
001 10.0 points 180◦ = θ1 + θ2 + φ , so
The reflecting surfaces of two intersecting flat
mirrors are at an angle of 61 ◦ , as shown in θ1 + θ2 = 180◦ − φ . (2)
the figure. A light ray strikes the horizontal
mirror at an angle of 53◦ with respect to the Combining Eq. 1 and 2, we have
mirror’s surface.
φ = 180◦ − 2 θ
= 180◦ − 2 (61◦ )
φ
= 58◦ .

As a matter of interest, in the upper-half

of the figure the angles (clockwise) in the
61◦ 53◦ triangles from left to right are

37◦ , 37◦ , and 106◦ ;

Figure is not drawn to scale.
74◦ , 29◦ , and 77◦ ;
Calculate the angle φ. 103◦ , 24◦ , and 53◦ ;
127◦ , 24◦ , and 29◦ ;
Correct answer: 58◦ .
Explanation: and in the lower-half of the figure the angles
Basic Concept: (counter-clockwise) in the triangles from left
to right are
θincident = θref lected
24◦ , 24◦ , and 132◦ ;
Solution:
48◦ , 29◦ , and 103◦ ;
77◦ , 37◦ , and 66◦ ;
114◦ , 37◦ , and 29◦ .
θ1
θ φ 002 10.0 points
Given: The sun is 1.5 × 108 km from Earth.
θ2 The index of refraction for water is 1.296.
How much longer would it take light from
the sun to reach Earth if the space between
them were filled with water rather than a
Figure is to scale. vacuum?
The sum of the angles in a triangle is 180◦ .
In the triangle on the left we have angles Correct answer: 2.46838 min.

180◦ − θ1 180◦ − θ2 Explanation:

θ, , and , so The index of refraction of water is defined
2 2
by
180◦ − θ1 180◦ − θ2 c
◦
180 = θ + + , or n=
2 2 vw
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 01 – yao – (54790) 2
n 1 c1
= . =
c vw n f
The time lapse would then be
  
1 c
=
d d n f
∆t = − λ
vw c = .
dn d n
= −
c c So for n = 1.4
d
= (n − 1) .
c λ′ 1
= = 0.714286 ,
Dimensional analysis for ∆t λ n
f ′
m km s 1000 m 1 min = 1 , and
km ÷ = · · · = min f
s 1 m 1 km 60 s
v′ 1
≡ = 0.714286 .
c n
003 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points
Consider a light ray which enters from air to
a liquid, where the index of refraction of the 004 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points
liquid is given by n = 1.4. What is the ratio of their frequencies of oscil-
Consider the following three ratios, where f′
lations, ?
each is defined by the specified quantity in f
the liquid, λ′ , f ′ , and v ′ , to that in the air,
Correct answer: 1.
λ, f, and c.
light ray Explanation:
See explanation for Part 1. The frequency
n=1 Air doesn’t change, so for n = 1.4

f′
1.4 Liquid = 1.
f

λ′
What is the ratio of their wavelengths, ? 005 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points
λ v′
What is the ratio of the traveling speeds, ?
Correct answer: 0.714286. c
Explanation: Correct answer: 0.714286.
The frequency of an electro-magnetic wave
is independent of the media in which it is Explanation:
present, that is, f = f ′ . From the definition of the index of refrac-
A ray with a frequency f , has a wavelength tion in Part 1, for n = 1.4
c
λ = in the vacuum. In a medium with an v′ 1
f ≡ = 0.714286 .
index of refraction n and a velocity v ′ , and c n
from the definition of the index of refraction,
c
n ≡ ′. 006 10.0 points
v
Light goes from flint glass into ethanol. The
v′ angle of refraction in the ethanol is 19.2◦ , the
λ′ =
f index of refraction for flint glass is 1.61, and
 
1 ′ the index of refraction for ethanol is 1.36.
=v
f What is the angle of incidence in the glass?
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 01 – yao – (54790) 3

θ1 θ1−θ2
Correct answer: 16.129 ◦.
n
Explanation: θ2
s
x θ2
d
Let : n1 = 1.61 ,
θ3
β = 19.2◦ , and d
n2 = 1.36 .
Note that
By Snell’s Law for an angle of incidence α and s s
cos θ2 = , so x=
an angle of refraction β x cos θ2
d
n1 sin α = n2 sin β Also: sin(θ1 − θ2 ) =
x
Yielding
n2 sin β d = x · sin(θ1 − θ2 )
sin α =
n1 s · sin(θ1 − θ2 )
=
cos θ2
2.81 cm · sin (32.7 ◦ − 20.9636 ◦ )
=
 
n2 sin β
α = arcsin cos 20.9636 ◦
n1 = 0.612096 cm
1.36 sin 19.2◦
 
= arcsin
1.61 008 10.0 points
= 16.129 . ◦ A diver shines a light up to the surface of a
flat glass-bottomed boat at an angle of 40 ◦
relative to the normal.
007 10.0 points If the indices of refraction of air, water,
A narrow beam of light passes through a plate and glass are 1.0, 1.33, and 1.5 respectively,
of glass with thickness 2.81 cm and a refractive at what angle does the light leave the glass
index 1.51. The beam enters from air at an (relative to its normal)?
angle 32.7 ◦ . The goal is to calculate the
deviation d of the ray as indicated in the Correct answer: 58.7495◦ .
figure. Explanation:
32. 7

Let : na = 1.0 ,
◦

nw = 1.33 , and
n = 1.51 θ = 40◦ .
2.81 cm
air θa

θ2
d

glass

Find deviation d .
θw water
Correct answer: 0.612096 cm. Applying Snell’s law,
Explanation: n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 01 – yao – (54790) 4
Since From the drawing, observe that

na sin θa = ng sin θg = nw sin θw , R

tan θ1 =
h1

we do not need to consider glass in the solu- R
−1
θ1 = tan
tion, and h
 1 
−1 1.4 m
= tan
  2.2 m
−1 nw sin θw
θa = sin ◦
= 32.4712 .
na
 ◦
−1 1.33 sin 40 Applying Snell’s law to the ray shown gives
= sin
1.0
n1 sin θ1 = na sin θ2
= 58.7495◦ .  
−1 n1 sin θ1
θ2 = sin
na
 ◦
009 10.0 points −1 1.49 sin 32.4712
= sin
A cylindrical cistern, constructed below 1.0
ground level, is 2.8 m in diameter and 2.2 m ◦
= 53.1248 .
deep and is filled to the brim with a liquid
whose index of refraction is 1.49. A small ob- Thus, the distance of the girl from the cistern
ject rests on the bottom of the cistern at its is
center.
x x = h2 tan θ2 = (1.5 m) tan 53.1248◦

1.5 m = 1.99961 m .
2.8 m

010 (part 1 of 4) 10.0 points

2.2 m
How far x from the edge of the cistern can
a girl whose eyes are 1.5 m from the ground
stand and still see the object?
Correct answer: 1.99961 m.
Light of wavelength 544 nm is incident on the
face of a silica prism at an angle of θ1 = 83.4◦
(with respect to the normal to the surface).
The apex angle of the prism is φ = 49.1◦ .
Given: The value of the index of refraction
for silica is n = 1.455.
φ

Explanation:
θ1
θ2 θ3 θ4

Given : R = 1.4 m ,
h1 = 2.2 m ,
n1 = 1.49 , and Find the angle of refraction at this first
h2 = 1.5 m . surface.

Consider the time reversed situation, where Correct answer: 43.0574 degrees.
the ray is incident from the liquid side and is Explanation:
refracted in the air. Denote the incident angle Basic Concept: Snell’s Law
in the liquid by θ1 and the angle of refraction
in the air, θ2 . n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2 .
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 01 – yao – (54790) 5
Solution: Applying Snell’s law, the refrac- at the first surface, and that at the second
tion angle at the first surface surface. So
  θ5 = (θ1 − θ2 ) + (θ4 − θ3 )
−1 sin θ1
θ2 = sin = [(83.4◦ ) − (43.0574◦ )]
n
 ◦ + [(8.81039◦ ) − (6.0426◦ )]
−1 sin 83.4
= sin = 43.1104◦ .
1.455
◦
= 43.0574 .
014 10.0 points
A fiber optic cable (nf iber = 1.91) is sub-
011 (part 2 of 4) 10.0 points merged in water (nwater = 1.3).
Find the angle of incidence at the second sur- What is the critical angle for light to stay
face. inside the cable?

Correct answer: 6.0426 degrees. Correct answer: 42.8928 ◦.

Explanation: Explanation:
The incident angle at the second surface is Basic Concept:
Snell’s law for total internal reflection
θ3 = φ − θ2 n1 sin θc = n2 sin 90◦
= (49.1◦ ) − (43.0574◦ )
where θc is the critical angle for total internal
= 6.0426◦ , reflection. For total internal reflection,
where φ is the apex angle of the prism. n1 sin θc = n2 sin 90◦
For our problem, it is
012 (part 3 of 4) 10.0 points
nf iber sin θc = nwater sin 90◦
Find the angle of refraction at the second
surface. 1.91 sin θc = 1.3 sin 90◦
Correct answer: 8.81039 degrees. So,
Explanation: θc = 42.8928 ◦ .
The incident angle at the second surface is
θ3 = 6.0426◦ , so the refraction angle is 015 10.0 points
A jewel thief hides a diamond by placing it
θ4 = sin−1 [(n sin θ3 )] on the bottom of a public swimming pool.
= sin−1 [(1.455) sin(6.0426◦ )] He places a circular raft on the surface of
= 8.81039◦ . the water directly above and centered on the
diamond as shown.

013 (part 4 of 4) 10.0 points d

Find the angle between the incident and
emerging rays.

Correct answer: 43.1104 degrees.

∆y
Explanation:
Note: The angle between incident and
emerging rays is equals to the deviation of
the ray, which is the sum of the deviation
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 01 – yao – (54790) 6
If the surface of the water is calm and the an index of refraction of 1.21 and the outside
pool is 1.78 m deep, find the minimum diame- medium is air.
ter of the raft that would prevent the diamond
from being seen from outside of the water. Correct answer: 42.9413◦ .
Explanation:
Correct answer: 4.03897 m.
Explanation:
Given : nair = 1 ,
Given : ni = 1.333 ,
npipe = 1.21 , and
nr = 1.00 , and
r = 0.745 µm .
∆y = 1.78 m .
The critical angle for a water-air boundary
is φc
nr φ
sin θc = d
ni
nr
 θ
−1
θc = sin
n
 i 
1
= sin−1 The critical angle φc for total internal re-
1.333 flection is given by
◦
= 48.6066 .
nair
The circular raft must cover the area of the sin φc = .
npipe
surface through which light from the diamond
could emerge. Thus it must form the base of a
cone (with apex at the diamond) whose apex
 
nair
angle is 2 θc. Thus φc = arcsin
npipe
 
d
d 1
tan θc = 2
= = arcsin
∆y 2 ∆y 1.21
◦
d = 2 ∆y (tan θc ) = 55.7354 .
= 2 (1.78 m) (tan 48.6066◦ )
From the right triangle the angle φ at the
= 4.03897 m . left-hand interface is

φ = 90◦ − φc
016 10.0 points = 34.2646◦ .

Applying Snell’s Law, we have

1.49 µm

nair sin θ = npipe sin φ

θ
 
npipe sin φ
θ = arcsin
Determine the maximum angle θ for which nair
the light rays incident on the end of the light 1.21 sin 34.2646◦
 
pipe shown in the figure above are subject = arcsin
1
to total internal reflection along the walls of
the pipe. The pipe of diameter 1.49 µm has = 42.9413◦ .
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 01 – yao – (54790) 7

017 10.0 points Aquarium Spectrum

Consider a prism with the shape shown in the
diagram. Its index of refraction is labeled by Red
t
np , and it is submerged in a special liquid ci den
In
which has an index of refraction nℓ , where the ht Vi
Lig ol e
t
difference np − nℓ = 0.58. The light ray is Prism
perpendicularly incident from the liquid into
the prism as shown in the diagram. Notice If the aquarium is now filled with water,
that the incident angle at both points A and with an index of refraction of 1.3, which of the
B is 45◦ . following is true?
45°
A 1. The positions of red and violet are re-
versed in the spectrum.
np nl
2. The intensity of the light emerging in-
B
creases.
45°
Find the index of refraction of the prism for 3. Red light will not emerge from the
a critical angle of 45◦ . prism.

Correct answer: 1.98024. 4. The spectrum produced has less separa-

tion between red and violet than that pro-
Explanation: duced in air. correct

5. Violet light will not emerge from the

Let : ∆n = 0.58 prism.
θc = 45◦ .
6. The spectrum produced has greater sep-
aration between red and violet than that pro-
duced in air.
np sin θc = (np − ∆n) sin 90◦
7. No spectrum is produced.
1
np √ = np − ∆n
2 8. The spectrum has the same separation
 
1 between red and violet as that produced in
np 1 − √ = ∆n
2 air.

9. A spectrum is produced, but the deviation

√ √ of the beam is opposite to that seen in air.
2 ∆n 2 (0.58)
np = √ = √ = 1.98024 .
2−1 2−1 10. There is no light seen coming out of the
prism.
018 10.0 points Explanation:
A beam of white light is incident on a trian- Since water has a larger index of refrac-
gular glass prism with an index of refraction tion than air (but still smaller than the glass
of about 1.5 for visible light, producing a prism), the dispersion and deviation of the
spectrum. Initially, the prism is in a glass emerging light beam, caused by refraction,
aquarium filled with air, as shown. will be smaller.
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 01 – yao – (54790) 8

Aquarium Spectrum
Red
t
den
R R/2

ci
In Vi o
ht let
Lig
Prism
Note:
Thus, the spectrum produced has less sep- R
f= ,
aration between red and violet than that pro- 2
duced in air. where f is positive for a concave mirror by
convention. From the mirror equation
019 10.0 points 1 1 1
Consider a concave mirror with radius R. An + = .
p q f
upright object is placed between the interval
R Solving for q we have
and R.
2
fp
q= .
p−f

R R/2
Since p > f , the image is real and inverted.
The absolute value of the magnification is
q f
|M | = = .
The image is p p−f
 
R
1. real, upright, same size. Since f < p < 2f , recall f = , |M | >
2
2. virtual, inverted, reduced. 1, or the image is enlarged. This is also
confirmed by the ray diagram shown.
3. virtual, upright, enlarged.
020 10.0 points
4. virtual, upright, reduced. A concave mirror with a radius of curvature
of 1.4 m is illuminated by a candle located on
5. virtual, upright, same size. the symmetry axis 3.4 m from the mirror.
Where is the image of the candle?
6. real, upright, enlarged.
Correct answer: 0.881481 m.
7. real, upright, reduced. Explanation:

8. virtual, inverted, enlarged.

1 1 1 2 h′ q
+ = = m= =−
9. real, inverted, enlarged. correct p q f R h p
Concave Mirror f >0
10. real, inverted, reduced.
∞ >p> f f <q< ∞ 0 > m > −∞
f >p> 0 −∞ < q < 0 ∞ >m> 1

Let : f = 0.7 m and

Explanation: p = 3.4 m .
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 01 – yao – (54790) 9
From the mirror equation A production line inspector wants a mirror
that produces an upright image with magnifi-
1 1 1 2 cation of 5.6 when it is located 14 mm from a
+ = =
p q f R machine part.
R What kind of mirror would do this job?
f=
2
−1
1. concave mirror correct

1 1
⇒ q= −
f p
 −1 2. Unable to determine.
1 1
= −
(0.7 m) (3.4 m) 3. convex mirror
= 0.881481 m . Explanation:
Basic Concepts:

021 10.0 points 1 1 1 2 h′ q

A concave mirror has a focal length of 39 cm. + = = M= =−
p q f R h p
What is the position of the resulting image
if the image is inverted and 2 times smaller Concave Mirror f >0
than the object? ∞ >p> f f <q< ∞ 0 > M > −∞
f >p> 0 −∞ < q < 0 ∞ >M > 1
Correct answer: 58.5 cm. Convex Mirror 0>f
Explanation: ∞ >p> 0 f <q< 0 0 <M < 1

A convex mirror creates an upright image

1 1 1 2 h′ q
+ = = m= =− that is always smaller than the object, so the
p q f R h p mirror must be concave.
Concave Mirror f >0
∞ >p> f f < q < ∞ 0 > m > −∞
f >p> 0 −∞ < q < 0 ∞ > m > 1 023 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
What is its radius of curvature?
Let : f = 39 cm and
Correct answer: 34.087 mm.
n = 2.
Explanation:
1 The magnification is given by
Since the image is inverted, n = − . From
m −q
1 1 1 p M=
the mirror equation + = and = n, so p
p q f q
or
1 1 1 q = −M p .
+ =
nq q f
Using the mirror equation,
(n + 1) f
q= 1 1 1
n = + ,
(2 + 1) (39 cm) f p q
=
2 and substituting the above for q, and R for f ,
= 58.5 cm . where the focal length is half the radius, we
get
2 1 1 −1 + M
= + = .
022 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points R p −M p Mp
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 01 – yao – (54790) 10
Inverting,
R Mp 025 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
=
2 M −1 What is the magnification of the image?
and so,
Correct answer: 0.102699.
2M p
R= Explanation:
M −1
2 (5.6) (14 mm) The magnification is given by:
=
(5.6) − 1 q −1.31455 cm
= 34.087 mm . M =− =− = 0.102699 .
p 12.8 cm

024 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points

An object is 12.8 cm from the surface of a
reflective spherical Christmas-tree ornament
2.93 cm in radius.
What is the apparent position of the image?

Correct answer: −1.31455 cm.

Explanation:

1 1 1 2 h′ q
+ = = M= =−
p q f R h p
Convex Mirror 0 > f
∞ >p> 0 f <q< 0 0 <M < 1

Let : R = 2.93 cm and

p = 12.8 cm .
p is positive since it is in front of the mirror
and R is negative since it is behind the mir-
ror. A spherical Christmas-tree ornament is a
convex mirror, so
1 1 2
+ =− .
p q |R|
We are given the object distance, p and |R|.
Inserting these values into the mirror equation
and solving for q, we find:
1
q=−
2 1
+
R p
1
=−
2 1
+
(2.93 cm) (12.8 cm)
= −1.31455 cm .