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douglas (jed3339) – Homework 03 – yao – (54790) 1

This print-out should have 25 questions.


Multiple-choice questions may continue on 002 10.0 points
the next column or page – find all choices
before answering. Consider the setup of double-slit experi-
ment in the schematic drawing below. One of
001 10.0 points the double-slit interference minima is located
Helium-neon laser light of wavelength at the first single-slit diffraction minimum.
789.1 nm is sent through a 0.18 mm wide
single slit.
What is the width of the central maximum
on a screen 0.84 m from the slit?

Correct answer: 7.36493 mm.

y
Explanation:
S1

θ
Given : λ = 789.1 nm = 7.891 × 10−7 m ,

d
L = 0.84 m , and

viewing screen
S2
a = 0.18 mm = 0.00018 m .

a L
d
y Determine the ratio ; i.e., the slit sepa-
θ a
ration d compared to the slit width a. Use
L a small angle approximation; e.g., sin θ ≈
tan θ ≈ θ and cos θ ≈ 1 .
d
1. =2
a
We use the fact that for small θ.
d
2. =5
tan θ ≈ sin θ . a
d 5
y λ 3. =
tan θ = , and sin θ = a 2
L a
d 11
For small θ, tan θ = sin θ, so 4. =
a 2
y λ d 9
= , 5. =
L a a 2
d 13
and since the width x of the central maximum 6. =
is equal to 2y, a 2
d
7. =3
x = 2y a
2λL d 7
= 8. = correct
a a 2
2 (7.891 × 10−7 m) (0.84 m) 1000 mm d
= · 9. =6
0.00018 m 1m a
= 7.36493 mm .
douglas (jed3339) – Homework 03 – yao – (54790) 2
Using Eq. 1 and 2, we have
d
10. = 4  
a sin θ 1 1 1
= = m+
Explanation: λ a 2 d
At y there is a minimum for single-slit
 
d 1 7
diffraction and a minima for double-slit in- = 3+ = .
a 2 2
terference. The first minimum for single-slit
diffraction occurs when
003 10.0 points
λ A binary star system in the constellation
sin θ = , (1)
a Orion has an angular separation between the
two stars of 9.97 × 10−6 rad.
and the minima for double-slit interference If the wavelength is 753 nm, what is the
occur when smallest diameter a telescope can have and
 
1 λ just resolve the two stars?
sin θ = m + . (2)
2 d
Correct answer: 9.21424 cm.
The first diffraction minimum for single-slit Explanation:
diffraction and the third double-slit interfer-
ence minimum (m = 3) occur at the same
position y, as in the figure below. The dashed Let : θ = 9.97 × 10−6 rad and
curve on the left of the screen is due to sin- λ = 753 nm .
gle slit interference. The dashed curve on the
right of the screen is due to double slit inter-
ference. The screen position is zero amplitude λ
θ = 1.22 ,
and the positive direction is reflected on either D
side of the screen. λ
D = 1.22
θ
753 nm 102 cm
= 1.22 ·
9.97 × 10−6 rad 109 nm
3 = 9.21424 cm .

004 10.0 points


What are the approximate dimensions of
the smallest object on Earth that astronauts
0
can resolve by eye when they are orbiting
236 km above the Earth? Assume 566 nm
light in the eye and a pupil diameter of
m 2.5 mm.

Correct answer: 65.1851 m.


Since the single-slit diffraction minimum
masks the third double-slit interference min- Explanation:
ima, one must estimate where the third
double-slit minima occurs using the spacing
Let : λ = 566 nm = 5.66 × 10−7 m ,
between the double-slit interference pattern
shown on the right-hand side of the viewing D = 236 km = 2.36 × 105 m , and
screen, as seen. d = 2.5 mm = 0.0025 m .
douglas (jed3339) – Homework 03 – yao – (54790) 3
If the dimensions of the smallest object on atoms in the water and M grams in Na atoms
Earth that astronauts can resolve by eye (of in one mole, we have
diameter d) is x, then by Rayleigh’s criterion, m N
=
x 1.22 λ M Na
= m
D d N = Na
1.22 λ D M
x= Since every water molecule donates one
d
electron to the discharge, the total number
1.22 (5.66 × 10−7 m)(2.36 × 105 m)
x= ne of transferred electrons equals the total
0.0025 m number nH2 O of ionized water molecules, so
= 65.1851 m . the total mass of the water ionized by the
lightning bolt is
005 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points ne M H 2 O
A strong lightning bolt transfers an electric Mtotal = nH2 O mH2 O =
N
charge of about 34 C to Earth (or vice versa).
20
 A
How many electrons are transferred? Avo- 2.12235 × 10 (18.2 g/mol)
=
gadro’s number is 6.022 × 1023 /mol, and the 6.022 × 1023 /mol
elemental charge is 1.602 × 10−19 C. = 0.00641427 g .
Correct answer: 2.12235 × 1020 .
007 10.0 points
Explanation:
Two identical positive charges exert a repul-
sive force of 6.1 × 10−9 N when separated by
Let : q = 34 C and a distance 3.5 × 10−10 m.
qe = −1.602 × 10−19 C . Calculate the charge of each. The Coulomb
constant is 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 .
The charge is proportional to the number
of electrons, so Correct answer: 2.88345 × 10−19 C.
q = ne |qe | Explanation:
q 34 C
ne = = Let : F = 6.1 × 10−9 N ,
|qe | | − 1.602 × 10−19 C|
d = 3.5 × 10−10 m , and
= 2.12235 × 1020 .
ke = 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 .
The electric force is
006 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points q1 q2
If each water molecule donates one electron, Fe = ke
d2
how much water is ionized in the lightning? d2 Fe
One mole of water has a mass of 18.2 g/mol. = q2
ke
Correct answer: 0.00641427 g. s r
d2 F Fe
Explanation: q= =d
ke ke
= (3.5 × 10−10 m)
Let : M = 18.2 g/mol and s
6.1 × 10−9 N
Na = 6.022 × 1023 /mol . ×
8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2
Mass is proportional to the number of
atoms in a substance, so for m grams in N = 2.88345 × 10−19 C .
douglas (jed3339) – Homework 03 – yao – (54790) 4
how does Ff , the electrostatic force between
008 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points A and B after C is removed, compare to Fi ?
Object A and object B are initially uncharged
and separated by a distance of 2 meters. Sup- 1
1. Ff = Fi
pose 10,000 electrons are removed from object 2
A and placed on object B, creating an electric 2. Ff = 0 Fi
force between A and B.
The electric force is 1
3. Ff = Fi
16
1. repulsive. 1
4. Ff = Fi
8
2. attractive. correct 3
5. Ff = Fi correct
8
3. zero.
6. Ff = Fi
Explanation:
Object A becomes positively charged be- 3
7. Ff = Fi
cause negatively charged electrons are re- 16
moved. B becomes negatively charged be- 3
cause electrons are added. Since opposite 8. Ff = Fi
4
charges attract, object A and B experience an 1
attractive force. 9. Ff = Fi
4
Explanation:
009 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points Since the two conducting spheres are identi-
An additional 10,000 electrons are removed cal (i.e., same radius), when the spheres touch
from A and placed on B. the charges redistribute themselves equally
By what factor does the electric force between the two spheres. Let spheres A and
change? B have an initial charge Q. When an identi-
cal uncharged sphere C comes in contact with
Correct answer: 4. sphere A and is removed, then by conserva-
Explanation: tion of charge, each sphere will carry charge
When an additional 10,000 electrons are
1
moved from A to B the charge on each object QC1 = QA = Q.
doubles. 2
When sphere C touches sphere B, then each
q1 q2 sphere will carry charge
Fe = ke ∝ q1 q2 .
r2
1
The factor is (2 q1 ) (2 q2 ) = 4 (q1 q2 ) . Q+Q
QC1 + QB 2 3
QC2 = QB = = = Q.
2 2 4
010 10.0 points
Two identical conducting spheres, A and B, Hence if the initial force is given by
carry equal charge. They are stationary and Q2
are separated by a distance much larger than Fi = ke ,
d2
their diameters. A third identical conducting
sphere, C, is uncharged. Sphere C is first then the final force is
touched to A, then to B, and finally removed   
(to a far away distance). 3 1
Q Q
If before the sphere C is introduced the 4 2 3
electrostatic force between A and B is Fi , Ff = ke = Fi .
d2 8
douglas (jed3339) – Homework 03 – yao – (54790) 5
forces between the first and third and the
011 10.0 points second and third particles:
A particle with charge −7 µC is located on
the x-axis at the point −4 cm , and a second ~ =F
F ~ 13 + F
~ 23
 
particle with charge −3 µC is placed on the q1 q2
= ke 2 r̂13 + 2 r̂23 q3
x-axis at −10 cm . r13 r23
−3 µC

−7 µC
−7 µC
= 8.9875 × 109 N · m2 /C2
(−7 × 10−6 C)

× (+ı̂)
(0.02 m)2
−10 −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 10
(−3 × 10−6 C)

x → (cm) + (+ı̂)
(0.08 m)2
What is the magnitude of the total elec-
trostatic force on a third particle with charge ×(−7 × 10−6 C)
−7 µC placed on the x-axis at −2 cm ? The = 1130.46 N ,
Coulomb constant is 8.9875 × 109 N · m2 /C2 .
with a magnitude of 1130.46 N .
Correct answer: 1130.46 N.
Explanation: 012 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points

Three point charges are placed at the ver-


Let : q1 = −7 µC = −7 × 10 −6
C, tices of an equilateral triangle as shown.
q2 = −3 µC = −3 × 10−6 C, +q
q3 = −7 µC = −7 × 10−6 C, ̂
x1 = −4 cm = −0.04 m , ı̂

a
x2 = −10 cm = −0.1 m , and
x3 = −2 cm = −0.02 m . 60◦
Coulomb’s law (in vector form) for the elec- −q +q
tric force exerted by a charge q1 on a second What is the magnitude of the electric force
charge q3 , is on the charge at the bottom left-hand vertex
of the triangle due to the other two charges?
~ 13 = ke q1 q3 r̂13 ,
F
r2 2
~k = 1 kq
1. kF
where r̂13 is a unit vector directed from q1 to 2 a2
q3 ; i.e., ~r13 = ~r3 − ~r1 . 2
~ k = √3 k q
2. kF
2 a2
x13 = x3 − x1 1 k q2
~
3. kF k = √
= (−2 cm) − (−4 cm) = 0.02 m 2 a2
x23 = x3 − x2 2
~k = kq
4. kF
= (−2 cm) − (−10 cm) = 0.08 m a2
x3 − x1 √ 2
x̂13 = p = +ı̂ ~k = 2 kq
5. kF
(x3 − x1 )2 a2
x3 − x2 √
x̂23 = p = +ı̂ ~ 3 k q2
(x3 − x2 )2 6. kF k =
2 a2
2
Since the forces are collinear, the force on ~ k = √2 k q
7. kF
the third particle is the algebraic sum of the 3 a2
douglas (jed3339) – Homework 03 – yao – (54790) 6

√ k q2
~k =
8. kF 3 2 correct 4.
a

~ 2 k q2
9. kF k = 5.
3 a2
~k = √ 1 k q2
10. kF
2 3 a2 6.
Explanation:
Each force has a magnitude 7. correct
k q2
F21 = F31 = . 8.
a2
The x-component of the net force is Explanation:
The force between charges of the same sign
Fx = (+F31 cos 60◦ + F21 ) ı̂ is repulsive and the force between charges
k q2 k q2 with opposite signs is attractive.
 
= + 2 cos 60 + 2◦
ı̂ +q
a a

1 k q2 k q2
 ̂
= + + 2 ı̂ ı̂
2 a2 a

a
3 q2
= + k 2 ı̂
2 a
and the y-component is −q +q
The resultant force is the sum of these two
√ vectors.
k q2 3 q2
 

Fy = + 2 sin 60 ̂ = + k ̂ ,
a 2 a2
014 10.0 points
so the magnitude of the net force is A test charge experiences a force of
1.39 × 10−8 N at a point where the electric
r field intensity is 0.000126 N/C.
9 3 q2
 
What is the size of the test charge?
q
~ 2 2
kF k = Fx + Fy = k +
4 4 a2
√  q 2 Correct answer: 0.000110317 C.
=k 3 .
a Explanation:

013 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points


What is the direction of the electric force on Let : F = 1.39 × 10−8 N and
the charge at the bottom left-hand vertex of E = 0.000126 N/C .
the triangle due to the other two charges?
The electric field is
1. F
E=
q
2.
F 1.39 × 10−8 N
q= =
E 0.000126 N/C
3.
= 0.000110317 C .
douglas (jed3339) – Homework 03 – yao – (54790) 7

015 10.0 points + +


a b c
Two small spheres carry electric charges of
equal magnitudes. There are equally spaced Explanation:
points (a , b , and c) which lie along the same Since the field originates from positive
line. charges and terminates on the negative
charges,
+ +
a b c
+ +
What is the direction of the net electric field a b c
at each point due to these charges?
016 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
1. Two positive charges of 5.19 µC each are
578 cm apart.
+ + Find the electric field midway between
a b c
them. The value of the Coulomb constant
2. is 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 .

+ + 1. E = 0 N/C correct
a b c
2. E = 60524.8 N/C
3. + +
a b c
3. E = 31313.7 N/C
correct
4. E = 36835.9 N/C
4.
+ + 5. E = 14125.1 N/C
a b c
6. E = 11169.7 N/C
5.
+ + 7. E = 39323.7 N/C
a b c
8. E = 62916.5 N/C
6.
+ + 9. E = 61547.3 N/C
a b c
10. E = 21853.6 N/C
7.
Explanation:
+ + The electric field due to a point charge a
a b c distance x away has a magnitude
8. k |q|
E= .
x2
+ +
a b c The electric field is zero because the electric
field due to each charge is equal in magnitude
9. and opposite in direction to that due to the
+ + other.
a b c
017 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
10.
What is the magnitude of the electric field if
douglas (jed3339) – Homework 03 – yao – (54790) 8
one charge is positive and the other negative,
both of magnitude 5.19 µC?
14.2◦
1. E = 11169.7 N/C correct 1920 N/C
18.5 cm
2. E = 0 N/C

3. E = 40655.8 N/C

4. E = 60274.9 N/C 2.66 g

5. E = 59191.9 N/C Is the ball’s charge positive or negative?


6. E = 16477.7 N/C 1. Negative
7. E = 41194.1 N/C 2. Positive correct
8. E = 53947 N/C 3. Unable to determine
9. E = 65019.8 N/C Explanation:
The charge is positive, since the electrical
10. E = 78637.2 N/C force exerted on it has the same direction as
the electric field.
Explanation:
019 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
If the ball is in equilibrium when the string
makes a 14.2◦ angle with the vertical, what is
Let : q1 = q2 = 5.19 µC = 5.19 × 10−6 C ,
the net charge on the ball? The acceleration
x = 289 cm = 2.89 m , and due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2 , and the Coulomb
k = 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 . constant is 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 .

The field is twice that due to either charge Correct answer: 3.43553 µC.
separately, since the field due to each is equal Explanation:
in magnitude and in the same direction as
that due to the other: Let : m = 2.66 g = 0.00266 kg ,
E = 1920 N/C ,
2 k |q| g = 9.8 m/s2 , and
E= θ = 14.2◦ .
x2
2 (8.98755 × 109 ) (5.19 × 10−6 C)
= T
(2.89)2 θ
= 11169.7 N/C .
F = qE

018 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points mg


A small 2.66 g plastic ball is suspended by a
18.5 cm long string at an angle of 14.2◦ in a The ball is in equilibrium horizontally,
uniform electric field of 1920 N/C, as shown. Fe − T sin θ = 0
douglas (jed3339) – Homework 03 – yao – (54790) 9
q E − T sin θ = 0
2qsQ
T sin θ = q E 5. − k
z2
and vertically, 2qsQ
6. + k
z2
T cos θ − Fg = 0 qsQ
7. + k 3
T cos θ − m g = 0 z
T cos θ = m g . qsQ
8. + k 2
z
Dividing,
Explanation:
FT sin θ qE Using the expression for the field along the
tan θ = = dipole axis and noting that the force must be
FT cos θ mg
repulsive since the negative dipole charge is
closest, we have
m g tan θ
q=
 
E +k2qs 2qsQ
F = −Q × = −k .
(0.00266 kg)(9.8 m/s2 ) tan 14.2◦ z3 z3
=
1920 N/C
106 µC 021 10.0 points
× Consider a square with side a. Four charges
C
−q, +q, +q, and −q are placed at the corners
= 3.43553 µC .
A, B, C, and D, respectively
A B
− +
020 10.0 points
Consider the setup shown in the figure.
a
O

− +
D C
What is the magnitude of the electric field
at the center O?
1 kq
1. EO = √
4 2 a2
1 kq
Determine the force the dipole exerts on -Q. 2. EO = √
3 2 a2
Choose the correct expression for the force. + kq
sign is along the positive x-direction. 3. EO = 3 2
a
2qsQ √ kq
1. + k 4. EO = 2 2 2
z3 a
qsQ √ kq
2. − k 2 5. EO = 4 2 2 correct
z a
2qsQ 1 kq
3. − k correct 6. EO = √
z3 2 2 a2
qsQ √ kq
4. − k 3 7. EO = 3 2 2
z a
douglas (jed3339) – Homework 03 – yao – (54790) 10

kq 022 10.0 points


8. EO =
a2 A circular ring made of an insulating material
1 kq is cut in half. One half is given a charge
9. EO = √
2 a2 −q uniformly distributed along its arc. The
√ kq other half is given a charge +q also uniformly
10. EO = 2 2 distributed along its arc. The two halves are
a
Explanation: then rejoined with insulation at the junctions
The distance between each corner and the J, as shown.
a y
center is √ , so the magnitude of each electric −q
2 − − − −−
field at D is −− −
− −
q q − −
E=k  2 = 2 k 2 − −
a a − −
√ − −
2 J + + J x
qe
+ +
The two negative charges yield forces point- + +
ing away from them from O and the two posi- + +
+ +
tive charges yield forces pointing toward them ++ +
from O with the collinear charges adding al- +q + + + ++
gebraically:
If there is no change in the charge distri-
butions, what is the direction of the net elec-
~A + E
kE ~ C k = kE ~ Dk = 2 E = 4 k q .
~B +E trostatic force on an electron located at the
a2 center of the circle?

1. To the right
EA + EC
E 2. Toward the top of the page
EB + ED
3. To the left

The Cartesian components of the two vec- 4. Toward the bottom of the page correct
tors with the origin at O are
  5. Into the page
~ ~ q 1 1
EA + EB = 4 k 2 − √ ı̂ + √ ̂ and
a 2 2
  Explanation:
~ ~ q 1 1 The rejoined system is symmetrical about
EB + ED = 4 k 2 − √ ı̂ − √ ̂ , so
a 2 2 the diameter perpendicular to the line con-
necting two junctions. The electrostatic force
  is along the direction connecting the two
~ = 4k q
E
1
−√ − √
1
ı̂ charges (repulsive for charges of the same
a2 2 2 sign and attractive for charges of the oppo-
 
1 1 site sign), so the force on the electron is paral-
+ √ −√ ̂
2 2 lel to the symmetrical axis and points toward
√ q the positive charge; i.e., toward the bottom of
= −4 2 k 2 ı̂ ,
a the page.
√ q
with magnitude −4 2 k 2 . 023 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points
a
douglas (jed3339) – Homework 03 – yao – (54790) 11

An electron traveling at 5 × 106 m/s enters a


0.09 m region with a uniform electric field of 025 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points
122 N/C , as in the figure. What is the magnitude of the vertical dis-
0.09 m placement ∆y of the electron while it is in the
̂ electric field?
−−−−−−−−−
ı̂ Correct answer: 0.0034759 m.
5 × 106 m/s
Explanation:
+++++++++ Using the equation for the displacement in
the vertical direction and the results from the
Find the magnitude of the acceleration of first two parts of the problem,
the electron while in the electric field. The
mass of an electron is 9.109 × 10−31 kg and 1 2
∆y = at
the fundamental charge is 1.602 × 10−19 C . 2
−2.14561 × 1013 m/s2
Correct answer: 2.14561 × 1013 m/s2 . =
2
Explanation: × (1.8 × 10−8 s)2
= −0.0034759 m ,
Let : qe = −1.602 × 10−19 C ,
me = 9.109 × 10−31 kg , and with a magnitude of 0.0034759 m .
E = 122 N/C .
F = ma = qE
qe E
a= ̂
me
(−1.602 × 10−19 C)(122 N/C)
= ̂
9.109 × 10−31 kg
= (−2.14561 × 1013 m/s2 ) ̂ ,
with a magnitude of 2.14561 × 1013 m/s2 .

024 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points


Find the time it takes the electron to travel
through the region of the electric field, assum-
ing it doesn’t hit the side walls.

Correct answer: 1.8 × 10−8 s.


Explanation:

Let : ℓ = 0.09 m , and


v0 = 5 × 106 m/s .
The horizontal distance traveled is
ℓ = v0 t
ℓ 0.09 m
t= =
v0 5 × 106 m/s
= 1.8 × 10−8 s .

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