1.

0 TITLE
Treatment of wastewater by coagulation and flocculation

2.0 OBJECTIVE
To determine the effectiveness of coagulation and flocculation to treat wastewater

3.0 MATERIALS & METHODOLOGY

Palm oil mill effluent (POME), Alum sulphate, COD reagent HR, 2 M
Hydrochloride acid (HCL), 2 M Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Jar test, COD
digestion reactor DRB200, Spectrophotometer HACH DR1900, Turbiditimeter,
Vacuum filtration set, Vacuum pump, Oven, pH meter, Desiccator, Analytical
balance, Glass fiber filter paper 47 mm, Micropipette 10 mL, Beaker 2 L,
Measuring cylinder, Dropper

1. Mix POME samples homogeneously by using glass rod or shake the samples
vigorously.
2. Withdraw appropriate volumes of samples and measure initial turbidity, total
suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand. Perform duplicate testing for
each parameter.
3. Pour 500 mL samples into each of three beakers.
4. Measure pH for each samples. Adjust pH to 6.5 by adding dropwise 2 M HCL
or 2 M NaOH.
5. Add alum dose accordingly into each beaker.
6. Run Jar test at 150 rpm for one minute and follow by slow mixing at 30 rpm
for 30 minutes.
7. Lift the paddles and allow the samples to settle for 30 minutes.
8. Collect samples at 2 cm beneath surface and measure final turbidity, total
suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand respectively. Record pH value.

BTV3113 SEM120192020 prepared by Zaki

4.0 RESULTS
Table 4.1 Summary of result
Selected parameters After treatment (alum dose)
of raw POME
pH =
Jar 1 (1 g/L) 2 (2 g/L) 3 (3 g/L)
pH =
Parameter

Turbidity, NTU

COD, mg/L

TSS, mg/L

5.0 DISCUSSIONS
Answers the following questions;
1. Calculate the % removal of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand and total
suspended solids. Explain.
2. Plot graph % removal of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand and total
suspended solids against alum dose. Briefly explain your findings.
3. Compare your results with regulatory discharge limit for POME. Explain.

4. Describe the mechanism of coagulation and flocculation process in POME

treatment.
5. Describe factors that influence coagulation and flocculation process.

BTV3113 SEM120192020 prepared by Zaki