RESEARCH PAPER TEMPLATE

North American University

Education Department
M.Ed. in EDLE & CUIN
EDUC 5324: INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY INTO EDUCATION

Name: Fatima_Kurmangali Date: 11/23/19

Topic Selected:
Traditionally, distance education courses lack face-to-face interaction. What are the
consequences of lack of interaction in distance education? What can be done to increase
interaction in distance education (online courses) so that same type of learning can occur
with face-to-face learning?

1. LITERATURE REVIEW: (250 Words)

What does the literature/research say about this issue/topic? By using NAU
Library or Online Search engines, conduct a literature review.
 You need to include 5 different sources (book, journal article, web article
etc.) in your review. Try to use current sources as much as possible.
 You need to summarize and synthesize your sources by discussing a
common theme or issue.
 You don't need to critique your sources
 You don't need to evaluate your sources (if the sources are trustworthy,
weather the author has a bias or not)
 You need to provide background information such as history and
definitions

Literature Review:

Distance education, or distance learning, is a field of education that focuses on the

pedagogy, technology, and instructional system designs that aim to deliver education to

students who are not physically "on site" in a traditional classroom or campus. This book

presents current research in the field of distance learning including such topics as virtual

classrooms in collaborative distance learning; metacognitive knowledge and distance

education; using a Web-based e-Learning system (WebELS) to support flexibility and

globalization of higher education in science and technology; and distance education

initiatives for people with disabilities.

The adaptation of emerging technology to distance education has led to the usage of

synchronous and asynchronous communication tools such as e-mail, videoconferencing

and virtual class to support collaborative distance learning. This chapter focuses on using

virtual classrooms in collaborative distance learning. A case study was conducted to

investigate the performance and views of the students in collaborative distance learning

using a virtual class.

Technological advancement has broadened educational, employment and training

opportunities for students and adults with disabilities via distance education. Distance

education is a prized tool of K-12 and higher education, and for vocational training and

research. Advancing knowledge of accessible technology and universal design concepts

have coincided with the distance education movement, and with a federal mandate for

accessible technology under Section 508 of the amended Rehabilitation Act. However,

studies of website accessibility and universal applications designed to deliver online

learning question whether these tools permit equal and effective participation by people

with varying disabilities. Other studies of accessible virtual knowledge communities

suggest needed improvements to advance the inclusion of people with disabilities in

online collaborative research and training initiatives.

MLA (Modern Language Assoc.)

MacTeer, Claudia F. Distance Education. Nova Science Publishers, Inc, 2011.

APA (American Psychological Assoc.)

MacTeer, C. F. (2011). Distance Education. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Nova Science Publishers,

Inc.

2. REFLECTION: (250 Words)

  What is your personal opinion on this issue? Do you agree with the
research? If you agree or disagree, please explain why?
 Provide examples/experiences regarding this issue from school
perspective or If you are not working in a school, from your profession. Be
specific with your examples. You can mention software/hardware names,
specific methods that you plan to use, etc.
 How would you implement this research in your career? (At least 1
paragraph)

Reflection:
Distance education can be described as the application of teaching and learning methods

to overcome spatial and temporal constraints. Information communication

technologies(ICT) are becoming an important enabler of distance education. ICT-enabled

education, which is synonymous with distance education, is growing rapidly in many

parts of the world, including developing countries in Africa. In this chapter, the

researchers discuss distance education problems and progressives initiatives in Africa

using Nigeria as an exemplar. A brief discussion of the socio-economic context of Africa

in general and Nigeria in particular is presented. This is followed by a discussion of some

of the generic problems facing the spread or diffusion of distance education in Nigeria.

Next, we highlight key challenges confronting distance education in Nigeria and offer

recommendations to the policy makers in that regard. MacTeer, C. F. (2011).

In my opinion taking some of the bachelor's degree courses online and doing masters

online is logically right. Because as an adult who has lots of experience and who can

manage his time and plans, it is pretty possible to succeed. However, I interviewed one of

the students regarding this topic getting high school degrees online. Because I wanted to

know a real opinion.

So, Broadrey wright is a student sophomore at NAU. He shared his opinion and stated: “

It depends on a situation. If he had a responsibility and a job when he was supposed to

pay bills than he would take the opportunity to go to at least to online school. However,

he thinks the best way to earn your degree and get proper education is going to an actual
school. Because it is two different lifestyles. And as a student at 16-17 years old, it is

better to go to school and be directed at which college to choose and what to do. Because

the process of going through the high school in different levels brain development is

important to make decisions. Because actual build you up and coaches you to get ready

for the future.“

The growing interest in distance education technologies bring together a critical question

on whether online and distance learning is as effective as face-to-face learning. This

skepticism requires employing best approaches and robust instruments to evaluate online

and distance education (Lowenthal & Davidson-Shivers, 2019).

As Broadrey Wright stated ( personal communication November 8th, 2019)

Digital Divide - ICT Information Communications Technology. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.internetworldstats.com/links10.htm

3. REFERENCES:
 Cite at least 5 References in APA.
 You may use http://www.citationmachine.net/apa/cite-a-journal for citing
your sources in APA style.

References:

1. As Broadrey Wright stated ( personal communication November 8th, 2019)

2. MLA (Modern Language Assoc.)

MacTeer, Claudia F. Distance Education. Nova Science Publishers, Inc, 2011.

APA (American Psychological Assoc.)

3. MacTeer, C. F. (2011). Distance Education. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Nova Science

Publishers, Inc.

4. Dungan, Jeffrey R.. ProQuest LLC, Ed.D. Dissertation, Nova Southeastern

University. 2017 220 pp. (ED584782)

5. Catalano, A. J. (2018). Measurements in distance education: a compendium of

instruments, scales, and measures for evaluating online learning. New York, NY:

Routledge.