PART I

LESSON PLAN

LESSON TITLE: Statistics

.
INSTRUCTOR:

METHOD: Lecture Method/Class Discussion

NUMBER OF HOURS: 3 Hours

REFERENCE:
 Abao et al. Statistics. Mandaluyong City: Books Atbp. 2009
 Mendenhall, William, Introduction to Probability and Statistics,
13th edition 2008
 Sta. Maria Antonina, General Statistics, 2nd Edition

TRAINING AIDS: Audo-visual Aids,Case Problems,

LESSON OBJECTIVE: At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:
 Familiarize with statistical terminologies
 Determine the most appropriate way of selecting a sample and collecting data
in a particular study.
 Appreciate the importance and uses of statistics in all fields and work

MAIN POINTS: BASIC CONCEPTS

I. DEFINITION OF STATISTICAL TERMS

II. USES AND FIELDS OF STATISTICS

III. CONSTANT AND VARIABLES

IV. DATA AND INFORMATION

 PART II

INTRODUCTION

ATTENTION GETTING:

People use statistics as tools to understand information. Learning to understand

statistics helps a person react intelligently to statistical claims. Statistics are used in
the fields of business, math, economics, accounting, banking, government,
astronomy, and the natural and social sciences.

MOTIVATION:

Statistics is essential for a country. Different policies of the government are

based on statistics. Statistical data are now widely used in taking all administrative
decisions. Suppose if the government wants to revise the pay scales of employees in
view of an increase in the living cost, statistical methods will be used to determine the
rise in the cost of living.

TRANSITION:

Are you ready to be an intelligent consumer of statistical claims? Now let us get
to work!

LESSON OUTLINE:

I. DEFINITION OF STATISTICAL TERMS

II. USES AND FIELDS OF STATISTICS

III. CONSTANT AND VARIABLES

IV. DATA AND INFORMATION

 TEACHING PLAN

Nr of
Hrs/ mins/
Methods INSTRUCTOR ACTIVITY STUDENT GUIDE
of
Instruction
I. DEFINITION OF TERMS sta·tis·tics-the practice or science
30 mins of collecting and analyzing
numerical data in large quantities,
especially for the purpose of
inferring proportions in a whole
from those in a representative
LECTURE/ sample.
Class
Discussion Mean-Height chart with five people
The average result of a test,
survey, or experiment.

Median-The score that divides the

results in half - the middle value.

Mode-The most common result

(the most frequent value) of a test,
survey, or experiment.

50 mins II. USES AND FIELDS OF In Business: Using statistics, you

STATISTICS can plan the production according
to what the customer likes and
wants, and you can check the
Guide Question: Can you give quality of the products far more
LECTURE/ example for the role or use of efficiently with statistical methods.
Class statistics in our field? In fact, many business activities
Discussion can be completed with statistics
including deciding a new location,
marketing the product, and
estimating what the profit will be on
a new product.

In Mathematics: Much of math is

based on probability and theories,
and statistical methods help make
those mathematical theories that
much more accurate. Using
averages, dispersions, and
estimation allows you to come up
with conclusions that are closer to
the real answer than just taking a
wild guess

Interim Summaries:
Transition: After discussing the
basic terminologies in statistics
and use of it in many fields, let us
now proceed to the difference
between variable and constant.
In Economics: Much of economics
depends on statistics. Economists
use statistics to collect information,
analyze data, and test hypotheses.
Relationships between supply and
demand and imports and exports
are found using statistical
information. The same can be said
for figuring out the inflation rate, the
per capita income, and even the
national income account. A good
example of statistics and
economics in the real world would
be the Census Office and the
information they collect and use to
decide many other political items.
In Accounting: Accounting
involves mostly basic arithmetic,
but when it comes to creating
accounting reports, statistics plays
a key role. When balancing and
checking accounts, exactness is
very important, but when using
those reports to decide how well
the company is doing and the
trends within the business. You can
also use statistics in accounting to
create projections for the next fiscal
year.
In Management and
Administration: A nation’s
government runs on statistics. They
use statistical data to make their
decisions regarding any number of
things. Another great example of
statistics in the government is
figuring out whether or not to raise
the minimum wage due to a rise in
the cost of living. Statistical data
gives the government the best idea
regarding whether or not the cost of
living will continue to rise.
In Natural and Social Science:
Biology, physics, chemistry,
meteorology, sociology,
communication, and even
information technology all use
statistics. For many of these
 categories, the use of statistics in
that field involves collecting data,
analyzing it, coming up with a
hypothesis, and testing that
hypothesis

50 mins III. CONSTANT AND Variable and constant are two

VARIABLES commonly used mathematical
concepts. Simply put, a variable is
a value that is changing or that
have the ability to change. A
LECTURE/ Guide Question: Where can we constant is a value which remains
Class find constant and variables in our unchanged. Even though the
Discussion field? concepts are fundamental in many
aspects of mathematics, in
elementary levels, it is used in
algebra predominantly

Variable in the mathematical

context, a variable is a quantity
which has a changing or a variable
magnitude. Variables are used in
equations, identities, function, and
even in geometry. Few of the use of
variables are as follows. Variables
can be used to represent unknowns
in equations such as x2-2x+4=0. It
also can represent a rule between
two unknown quantities like
y=f(x)=x3+4x+9. In probability and
statistics, a random variable is a
variable that can assume different
states or events in the considered
set of events. In mathematics, it is
customary to emphasize the valid
values for the variable, which is
called the range. These limitations
are deduced from the general
properties of the equation or by
definition.

In mathematics, a constant is a
quantity that does not change its
 Interim Summaries:
Transition: After discussing the
basic terminologies in statistics
and use of it in many fields, let us
now proceed to the difference
between variable and constant.
value. Constants are also
symbolized by an English or a
Greek letter. Usually it represents a
real number which has special
properties in the context of the
problem or the scenario it is used.
Constants are often used to
represent numbers with physical
significance. In physics, chemistry,
and any other natural science, you
will encounter constants, which are
specific letters assigned to
represent values of quantities in
nature or a mathematical theory.

50 mins IV. DATA AND INFORMATION There is a subtle difference

between data and information. Data
Guide Question: In our work, are the facts or details from which
when we use data and when we information is derived. Individual
use information? pieces of data are rarely useful
LECTURE/ alone. For data to become
Class information, data needs to be put
Discussion into context.

Data is raw, unorganized facts that

need to be processed. Data can be
something simple and seemingly
random and useless until it is
organized. Example: Each student's
test score is one piece of data.

When data is processed,

organized, structured or presented
in a given context so as to make it
useful, it is called information.
Example: The average score of a
class or of the entire school is
information that can be derived
from the given data.

CONCLUSION

SUMMARY: For the past 3 hours, we have discussed the meaning of difffrent
statistical terms, the uses and fields of statistics, the

REMOTIVATION: You've heard that today we live in the Information Age where we
understand a great deal about the world around us. Much of this information was
determined mathematically by using statistics. When used correctly, statistics tell us
any trends in what happened in the past and can be useful in predicting what may
happen in the future
ASSIGNMENT: Study and observe the importance of statistics in our daily life. List
down all of your task that uses knowledge in statistics.
CLOSURE: That’s all for today thank you and God bless us all.
LESSON PLAN
ANNEX “B”

POWER POINT PRESENTATION

USEFUL RESOURCES

1. Altares Priscilla, Elementary Statistics with computer applications, 2012

2. Mendenhall, William, Introduction to Probability and Statistics, 13th edition 2008
3. Sta. Maria Antonina, General Statistics, 2nd Edition
4. Abao et al. Statistics. Mandaluyong City: Books Atbp. 2009. Print.
5. Advances and Application in Statistics. Educational Journal. Pushpa Publishing
House. October
6. Gasmi, Soufiane, October 2012, Statistical Inference of An Imperfect Maintenance
Model, Advances and Applications in Statistics, 30(2), 70-155. Print
7. Larsen. Introduction to Mathematical Statistics. Mindmover Publishing House.
2006. Print,
8. Mann, Prem S. Introductory Statistics 7th ed. USA: Wiley, 2010. Print
9. Mendenhall. Probability and Statistics, 13th ed. MindMovers publishing Inc. 2010.
Print
10. Math Forum’s Internet Mathematics. Probability and Statistics. November 13,
2012. Web .
11. Statistics and Probability. November 13, 2011. Web.
12. Weiss, Neil A. Introductory Statistics 9th ed.USA: Addison Wesley. 2010. Print