Scheda 2 - Vocabulary item

Information
Information is the answer to a question of some kind. It is also that from which knowledge and data can be
derived as data represents values attributed to parameters, and knowledge signifies understanding of real
things or abstract concepts.

Sharing
Traditional information sharing referred to one-to-one exchanges of data between a sender and receiver.

Community
A community is a social unit of any size that shares common values, or that is situated in a given
geographical area (e.g. a village or town). It is a group of people who are connected by durable relations that
extend beyond immediate genealogical ties, and who mutually define that relationship as important to their
social identity and practice.

Network
A network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together. There are many types of computer
networks, including the following:
 local-area networks (LANs): The computers are geographically close together (that is, in the same
building).
 wide-area networks (WANs): The computers are farther apart and are connected by telephone lines or
radio waves.
 campus-area networks (CANs): The computers are within a limited geographic area, such as a campus or
military base.
 metropolitan-area networks MANs): A data network designed for a town or city.
 home-area networks (HANs): A network contained within a user's home that connects a person's digital
devices.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating algorithmic processes, e.g.
through computers. Computing includes designing, developing and building hardware and software systems;
processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information; doing scientific research on and with
computers; making computer systems behave intelligently; and creating and using communications and
entertainment media.

Connection
In telecommunication and computing in general, a connection is the successful completion of necessary
arrangements so that two or more parties (for example, people or programs) can communicate at a long
distance.
Netiquette
The word netiquette is a combination of ’net’ (from internet) and ’etiquette’. It means respecting other users’
views and displaying common courtesy when posting your views to online discussion groups.

Log-in/Log-out/Logon
In computer security, logging in, (or logging on or signing in or signing on), is the process by which an
individual gains access to a computer system by identifying and authenticating themselves. The user
credentials are typically some form of "username" and a matching "password", [1] and these credentials
themselves are sometimes referred to as a login, (or a logon or a sign in or a sign on). [2][1] In practice, modern
secure systems also often require a second factor for extra security.
When access is no longer needed, the user can log out (log off, sign out or sign off).

Incoming and Outcoming

"Incoming" refers to packets which originate elsewhere and arrive at the machine, while "outgoing" refers to
packets which originate at the machine and arrive elsewhere.

URL
The URL contains the name of the protocol to be used to access the file resource, a domain name that
identifies a specific computer on the Internet, and a pathname, a hierarchical description that specifies the
location of a file in that computer.

Protocol
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on
the Internet. Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP address that uniquely
identifies it from all other computers on the Internet.

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

TCP/IP is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a
communications protocol in a private network (either an intranet or an extranet). When you are set up with
direct access to the Internet, your computer is provided with a copy of the TCP/IP program just as every
other computer that you may send messages to or get information from also has a copy of TCP/IP.